NASA Scientists Now Have to Explore Mars From Their Own Homes
Mars 2020 Spacecraft Shaken, Stirred and Chilled in Tests of Space Worthiness
How Did Life Form 4 Billion Years Ago? NASA Thinks It Might Know
WATCH: Live Coverage of Mars InSight Landing
Mars Helicopter Will Buzz Through the Skies of the Red Planet
There Are Earthquakes on Mars! Wait ... They're 'Marsquakes'
40 Years With the Voyager Spacecraft: Earth’s Most Distant Explorers Are Still Calling Home
Finally! NASA’s Mars 2020 Rover Will Look for Life on the Red Planet
Carbon-Tracking Satellite Will Monitor Earth's 'Breathing'
Sponsored
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It continues its \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7400\">exploration up the slopes of Mount Sharp\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity drives where it’s told, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7617\">stopping to take a picture\u003c/a> or extend its robotic arm to drill into a rock. Under no shelter-at-home order, it’s business as usual for the rover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, back on Earth, the room where Curiosity’s route is normally planned — by a team of scientists and engineers — stands empty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skeleton Crew, Ghost Staff\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to the shelter-in-place and social distancing directives, the normally bustling 117-acre campus of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/about/\">Jet Propulsion Laboratory\u003c/a> near Pasadena, California, where Curiosity is operated from, has become something of a ghost town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The usual population of over 5,000 employees has been reduced to a skeleton crew of only a couple hundred performing essential functions that cannot be done remotely. Those who must come to the lab are all practicing social distancing, proper sanitization and wear personal protective equipment, or PPE.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of JPL’s mission operators and other personnel, including the Curiosity rover team, are adapting to doing their jobs remotely from home. So, how does interplanetary exploration work from home —where cats walk across keyboards, kids attend school by Zoom and the dog needs to be walked?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Exploring Another World— From Home\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1962943\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 744px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1962943\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/3dglasses-curiosity-nasa.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"744\" height=\"712\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/3dglasses-curiosity-nasa.jpg 744w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/3dglasses-curiosity-nasa-160x153.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Curiosity rover driver Keri Bean studies the terrain around the rover using red-blue 3D glasses, an adaptation to operating Curiosity from home without access to higher-tech equipment. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the novel coronavirus began to hit countries around the globe, the Curiosity team predicted the need to carry on with \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7638&utm_source=iContact&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=nasajpl&utm_content=daily20200414-1\">rover operations remotely\u003c/a>, and outfitted home offices for video conferencing. The team had to make sure it could stay in close contact to analyze data and imagery from the rover to map its surroundings in detail and plot its movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They had to adapt, and got creative. Without the high graphics computing and special equipment at JPL, at-home rover operators are using old theater-style 3D glasses to study the terrain and plan Curiosity’s work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One such maneuver took place on March 20, when operators commanded Curiosity’s drill to bore into a block of sandstone at a site dubbed “Edinburgh” to extract a rock sample for analysis. Not only was the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission-updates/8633/sols-2713-2714-check-your-work/\">operation a success\u003c/a>, it was also the first time the drill had been used to dig into rock since 2018, when a technical problem forced engineers to devise a new method of drilling. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity is \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission-updates/8655/sols-2742-2743-driving-again/\">on the move again\u003c/a>, after a \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission-updates/8653/sols-2740-2741-making-the-most-of-this-stop/\">pit stop to diagnose\u003c/a> an issue with its \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/spacecraft/instruments/mahli/\">Mars Hand Lens Imager\u003c/a> instrument. No time was wasted: The team directed Curiosity to collect images of the surrounding terrain and atmospheric data while it waited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Impacts on Other Missions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Curiosity on Mars, JPL currently manages 20 different missions. All of them are impacted by the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1962942\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1962942 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/EuropaClipper-AC-NASAJPLCALTECH-800x704.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"704\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/EuropaClipper-AC-NASAJPLCALTECH-800x704.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/EuropaClipper-AC-NASAJPLCALTECH-160x141.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/EuropaClipper-AC-NASAJPLCALTECH-768x676.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/EuropaClipper-AC-NASAJPLCALTECH-1020x898.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/EuropaClipper-AC-NASAJPLCALTECH.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of the Europa Clipper spacecraft making a flyby of Jupiter’s icy, ocean-harboring moon, Europa. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of these is \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/europa-clipper/\">Europa Clipper\u003c/a>, a mission to send a spacecraft to Jupiter to investigate the ocean beneath the icy crust of the moon Europa. The Clipper team now works almost completely from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Europa Clipper team was already partly remote, since Clipper is a partnership between \u003ca href=\"https://www.jhuapl.edu/PressRelease/190702\">APL\u003c/a> and JPL,” said Krys Blackwood, senior lead human centered designer at JPL. “So, we adapted to working from home fairly rapidly. Luckily, the leadership of the mission is incredibly supportive, working to accommodate people’s unique home and family situations. I find myself looking forward to all those moments when someone’s kids or pets pop into a video conference. Rather than letting it disrupt us, we roll with it and support each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another critical program at JPL is running NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov/about/functions/\">Deep Space Network\u003c/a>, or DSN. That’s the global array of large radio dishes that keeps mission operators in contact with robotic missions across the solar system — including the veteran \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7587\">Voyager\u003c/a> probes that are now traveling through interstellar space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1962939\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1962939\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/JPLFlightControl-BBurress-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/JPLFlightControl-BBurress-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/JPLFlightControl-BBurress-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/JPLFlightControl-BBurress-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/JPLFlightControl-BBurress-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/JPLFlightControl-BBurress.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mission Control at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, nexus of NASA’s Deep Space Network for communicating with robotic missions across the solar system. \u003ccite>(Ben Burress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Our research for Deep Space Network operations is definitely impacted,” said Blackwood of her \u003ca href=\"https://hi.jpl.nasa.gov/\">Human Centered Design Group\u003c/a> team, “as we mostly need to be face-to-face in order to measure and evaluate operational practices. So, we’re having to get creative about tools and methods, while trying not to impact operations at all — because no matter what, the DSN needs to keep receiving data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Human Centered Design Group is also responsible for developing and programming the 3D terrain mapping system used by the Curiosity rover team. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>To Boldly Zoom\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imagine the starship Enterprise traveling through interstellar space, exploring strange new worlds — and the Bridge is largely empty. All the crew, from captain to science officer to navigator, is cloistered away working from their personal quarters. The communications officer, also isolated, keeps everyone in touch via Zoom. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For JPL, it’s something like that.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The coronavirus pandemic has turned the Jet Propulsion Laboratory near Pasadena into a space-age ghost town, but the show must go on. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847460,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":887},"headData":{"title":"NASA Scientists Now Have to Explore Mars From Their Own Homes | KQED","description":"The coronavirus pandemic has turned the Jet Propulsion Laboratory near Pasadena into a space-age ghost town, but the show must go on. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"NASA Scientists Now Have to Explore Mars From Their Own Homes","datePublished":"2020-05-08T16:55:26.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:44:20.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Astronomy","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1962935/nasa-scientists-now-have-to-explore-mars-and-europa-from-their-own-homes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Mars, nothing has changed for the rover Curiosity because of the coronavirus pandemic. It continues its \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7400\">exploration up the slopes of Mount Sharp\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity drives where it’s told, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7617\">stopping to take a picture\u003c/a> or extend its robotic arm to drill into a rock. Under no shelter-at-home order, it’s business as usual for the rover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, back on Earth, the room where Curiosity’s route is normally planned — by a team of scientists and engineers — stands empty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skeleton Crew, Ghost Staff\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to the shelter-in-place and social distancing directives, the normally bustling 117-acre campus of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/about/\">Jet Propulsion Laboratory\u003c/a> near Pasadena, California, where Curiosity is operated from, has become something of a ghost town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The usual population of over 5,000 employees has been reduced to a skeleton crew of only a couple hundred performing essential functions that cannot be done remotely. Those who must come to the lab are all practicing social distancing, proper sanitization and wear personal protective equipment, or PPE.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of JPL’s mission operators and other personnel, including the Curiosity rover team, are adapting to doing their jobs remotely from home. So, how does interplanetary exploration work from home —where cats walk across keyboards, kids attend school by Zoom and the dog needs to be walked?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Exploring Another World— From Home\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1962943\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 744px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1962943\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/3dglasses-curiosity-nasa.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"744\" height=\"712\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/3dglasses-curiosity-nasa.jpg 744w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/3dglasses-curiosity-nasa-160x153.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Curiosity rover driver Keri Bean studies the terrain around the rover using red-blue 3D glasses, an adaptation to operating Curiosity from home without access to higher-tech equipment. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As the novel coronavirus began to hit countries around the globe, the Curiosity team predicted the need to carry on with \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7638&utm_source=iContact&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=nasajpl&utm_content=daily20200414-1\">rover operations remotely\u003c/a>, and outfitted home offices for video conferencing. The team had to make sure it could stay in close contact to analyze data and imagery from the rover to map its surroundings in detail and plot its movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They had to adapt, and got creative. Without the high graphics computing and special equipment at JPL, at-home rover operators are using old theater-style 3D glasses to study the terrain and plan Curiosity’s work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One such maneuver took place on March 20, when operators commanded Curiosity’s drill to bore into a block of sandstone at a site dubbed “Edinburgh” to extract a rock sample for analysis. Not only was the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission-updates/8633/sols-2713-2714-check-your-work/\">operation a success\u003c/a>, it was also the first time the drill had been used to dig into rock since 2018, when a technical problem forced engineers to devise a new method of drilling. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity is \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission-updates/8655/sols-2742-2743-driving-again/\">on the move again\u003c/a>, after a \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission-updates/8653/sols-2740-2741-making-the-most-of-this-stop/\">pit stop to diagnose\u003c/a> an issue with its \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/spacecraft/instruments/mahli/\">Mars Hand Lens Imager\u003c/a> instrument. No time was wasted: The team directed Curiosity to collect images of the surrounding terrain and atmospheric data while it waited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Impacts on Other Missions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Curiosity on Mars, JPL currently manages 20 different missions. All of them are impacted by the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1962942\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1962942 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/EuropaClipper-AC-NASAJPLCALTECH-800x704.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"704\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/EuropaClipper-AC-NASAJPLCALTECH-800x704.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/EuropaClipper-AC-NASAJPLCALTECH-160x141.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/EuropaClipper-AC-NASAJPLCALTECH-768x676.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/EuropaClipper-AC-NASAJPLCALTECH-1020x898.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/EuropaClipper-AC-NASAJPLCALTECH.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of the Europa Clipper spacecraft making a flyby of Jupiter’s icy, ocean-harboring moon, Europa. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of these is \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/europa-clipper/\">Europa Clipper\u003c/a>, a mission to send a spacecraft to Jupiter to investigate the ocean beneath the icy crust of the moon Europa. The Clipper team now works almost completely from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Europa Clipper team was already partly remote, since Clipper is a partnership between \u003ca href=\"https://www.jhuapl.edu/PressRelease/190702\">APL\u003c/a> and JPL,” said Krys Blackwood, senior lead human centered designer at JPL. “So, we adapted to working from home fairly rapidly. Luckily, the leadership of the mission is incredibly supportive, working to accommodate people’s unique home and family situations. I find myself looking forward to all those moments when someone’s kids or pets pop into a video conference. Rather than letting it disrupt us, we roll with it and support each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another critical program at JPL is running NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov/about/functions/\">Deep Space Network\u003c/a>, or DSN. That’s the global array of large radio dishes that keeps mission operators in contact with robotic missions across the solar system — including the veteran \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7587\">Voyager\u003c/a> probes that are now traveling through interstellar space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1962939\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1962939\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/JPLFlightControl-BBurress-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/JPLFlightControl-BBurress-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/JPLFlightControl-BBurress-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/JPLFlightControl-BBurress-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/JPLFlightControl-BBurress-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/JPLFlightControl-BBurress.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mission Control at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, nexus of NASA’s Deep Space Network for communicating with robotic missions across the solar system. \u003ccite>(Ben Burress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Our research for Deep Space Network operations is definitely impacted,” said Blackwood of her \u003ca href=\"https://hi.jpl.nasa.gov/\">Human Centered Design Group\u003c/a> team, “as we mostly need to be face-to-face in order to measure and evaluate operational practices. So, we’re having to get creative about tools and methods, while trying not to impact operations at all — because no matter what, the DSN needs to keep receiving data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Human Centered Design Group is also responsible for developing and programming the 3D terrain mapping system used by the Curiosity rover team. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>To Boldly Zoom\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imagine the starship Enterprise traveling through interstellar space, exploring strange new worlds — and the Bridge is largely empty. All the crew, from captain to science officer to navigator, is cloistered away working from their personal quarters. The communications officer, also isolated, keeps everyone in touch via Zoom. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For JPL, it’s something like that.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1962935/nasa-scientists-now-have-to-explore-mars-and-europa-from-their-own-homes","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_4329","science_330","science_4414","science_5188","science_5175"],"featImg":"science_1962947","label":"source_science_1962935"},"science_1943005":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1943005","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1943005","score":null,"sort":[1560236508000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dress-rehearsal-time-for-the-mars-2020-spacecraft","title":"Mars 2020 Spacecraft Shaken, Stirred and Chilled in Tests of Space Worthiness","publishDate":1560236508,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Mars 2020 Spacecraft Shaken, Stirred and Chilled in Tests of Space Worthiness | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>NASA can make the exploration of Mars look easy. Generations of robotic spacecraft sent to orbit, land upon, and rove about the Martian surface seem to do their jobs courageously without even working up a sweat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But behind the scenes of the flashy news headlines of exploration successes, NASA scientists and engineers sweat plenty, bleed a bit at times, and even shed tears on occasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mission currently on deck in the sweat shop of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory is the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">Mars 2020 Rover\u003c/a>, the next robot that will set wheels on the dusty Martian landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943021\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 688px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1943021 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/688px-260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full.jpg\" alt=\"Color-enhanced image of Jezero Delta, a portion of Jezero Crater, the chosen landing destination for the Mars 2020 rover. The color enhancements indicate varying mineral content, with green showing water-formed clay deposits. Image created from measurements by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \" width=\"688\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/688px-260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full.jpg 688w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/688px-260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-160x128.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 688px) 100vw, 688px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Color-enhanced image of Jezero Delta, a portion of Jezero Crater, the chosen landing destination for the Mars 2020 rover. The color enhancements indicate varying mineral content, with green showing water-formed clay deposits. Image created from measurements by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL/JHU-APL/MSSS/Brown University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shake and Bake Trials\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is a monumental feat to hurl a robot millions of miles through the cold, radiation-blasted vacuum of space and safely navigate through an alien atmosphere to land on hard rock and abrasive, wind-blown soil. It is only accomplished after months and years of planning, testing, retesting and ultimately crossing fingers in hope of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To lessen the risk of even a minor problem ending a mission prematurely — an electrical connector shaking loose, a bolt popping out, or a tiny but disastrous fuel leak — all space-bound equipment is subjected to rigorous testing, “trials of pain” designed to simulate the brutal conditions to be endured on the actual mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, scarcely a year from its scheduled launch, NASA’s Mars 2020 was put through such trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First were the vibration tests — a sort of \u003cem>trial by very loud noise\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A duplicate stand-in of the Mars 2020 rover was placed within the aeroshell cocoon the real one will ride in all the way into Mars’ atmosphere, assembled in the same \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/spacecraft/\">configuration it will be for launch in July 2020\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This spacecraft “stack” was placed in a large chamber and blasted with over 150 decibels of random noise to simulate the vibrations of launch, the moment in any mission when spacecraft components are most likely to shake loose and come apart. Sound at the 150 decibels level is about what you’d experience standing 80 feet from a large jet engine at take-off — loud enough to rupture your eardrums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mars 2020 test stack passed the tests, letting mission engineers worry a bit less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943016\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1943016 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Engineers get the Mars 2020 rover (duplicate stand-in) and its aeroshell enclosure ready for thermal and vacuum testing in JPL's Space Simulator Facility. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Engineers get the Mars 2020 rover (duplicate stand-in) and its aeroshell enclosure ready for thermal and vacuum testing in JPL’s Space Simulator Facility. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Next, the spacecraft was \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8441/nasas-mars-2020-gets-a-dose-of-space-here-on-earth/\">placed in the 85-foot-tall Space Simulator Facility\u003c/a>, a chamber that has tested robot hardiness as far back as the early 1960s with the Mariner missions, and many since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chamber simulates the harsh environment of space, which the spacecraft will have to endure over seven months of cruising between Earth and Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After pumping the air out of the chamber to near vacuum, liquid nitrogen super-chilled its walls to -200 degrees F, a temperature cold enough to freeze a person solid in seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, as a finishing touch, powerful xenon lamps bathed the spacecraft in simulated sunlight, approximating the raw solar radiation the equipment will need to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial concluded successfully after a full eight days, assuring engineers that the spacecraft is as ready as it will ever be for the perils ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rehearsing a Mars Landing Here on Earth\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most intense, nail-biting, nerve-wracking part of the entire journey to Mars is not the thunderous rocket launch, or the seven months of interplanetary cruising to follow, but the brief moment of atmospheric \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission/timeline/edl/\">entry, descent, and landing\u003c/a> (EDL), which has earned the title “Seven Minutes of Terror” from NASA operators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so many things that could go wrong during EDL—a parachute failing to deploy, a rocket failing to fire, or a terminal crash-landing in unexpectedly rugged terrain—every iota of advanced disaster prevention that can be imagined is planned out and tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accordingly, NASA has made use of the arguably most Mars-like landscapes on Earth, Death Valley National Park, to \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7411\">test Mars 2020’s special Lander Vision System\u003c/a>. The LVS will guide Mars 2020 to a safe landing spot on the floor of its ultimate destination, \u003ca href=\"https://www.universetoday.com/140590/its-decided-the-mars-2020-rover-will-land-in-jezero-crater/\">Jezero Crater\u003c/a>, in February 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943017\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1943017\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"NASA testing the Mars 2020 mission's Landing Vision System on the nose of an Airbus helicopter in Death Valley National Park. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA testing the Mars 2020 mission’s Landing Vision System on the nose of an Airbus helicopter in Death Valley National Park. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NASA mounted an engineering duplicate of the LVS on the nose of a helicopter and flew it through a series of maneuvers over the rugged mountainous desert terrain in Death Valley. During the flights the LVS collected and analyzed imagery of the surface below, testing its ability to identify landing hazards and safe havens on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943020\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1943020 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Mars 2020 will be the first mission with the ability to assess a prospective landing site in real-time and, if necessary, divert to an alternate, safer site. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mars 2020 will be the first mission with the ability to assess a prospective landing site in real-time and, if necessary, divert to an alternate, safer site. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mars 2020 will be the first-ever robotic landing mission with the ability to \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/timeline/entry-descent-landing/\">retarget its precise landing site on the fly\u003c/a>, based on real-time terrain imaging data — something that past missions left somewhat to chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Practice Makes Perfect?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exploration of other worlds in our solar system has never been easy. If you think that exploring Mars is a cakewalk, consider that of the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/programmissions/missions/log/\">45 Mars missions attempted since 1960\u003c/a>, only 22 have been successful (or partially successful).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the unsuccessful attempts didn’t even get as far as Earth orbit, some experienced a failure during their interplanetary voyage, and some ended up crashing spectacularly upon arrival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA has taken all the precautions it can to ensure a safe trip for Mars 2020. Engineers have tested everything that can be tested, imagined and planned for most things that can go wrong, and will continue to do so up to the day of launch in July 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, all that will be left to do is to cross fingers and hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Mars 2020 rover endures grueling tests of sound, vacuum, heat and cold before its July 2020 launch. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848611,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1049},"headData":{"title":"Mars 2020 Spacecraft Shaken, Stirred and Chilled in Tests of Space Worthiness | KQED","description":"The Mars 2020 rover endures grueling tests of sound, vacuum, heat and cold before its July 2020 launch. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Mars 2020 Spacecraft Shaken, Stirred and Chilled in Tests of Space Worthiness","datePublished":"2019-06-11T07:01:48.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T01:03:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Mars Exploration","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1943005/dress-rehearsal-time-for-the-mars-2020-spacecraft","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>NASA can make the exploration of Mars look easy. Generations of robotic spacecraft sent to orbit, land upon, and rove about the Martian surface seem to do their jobs courageously without even working up a sweat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But behind the scenes of the flashy news headlines of exploration successes, NASA scientists and engineers sweat plenty, bleed a bit at times, and even shed tears on occasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mission currently on deck in the sweat shop of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory is the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">Mars 2020 Rover\u003c/a>, the next robot that will set wheels on the dusty Martian landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943021\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 688px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1943021 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/688px-260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full.jpg\" alt=\"Color-enhanced image of Jezero Delta, a portion of Jezero Crater, the chosen landing destination for the Mars 2020 rover. The color enhancements indicate varying mineral content, with green showing water-formed clay deposits. Image created from measurements by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \" width=\"688\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/688px-260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full.jpg 688w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/688px-260184-JezeroCrater-Delta-Full-160x128.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 688px) 100vw, 688px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Color-enhanced image of Jezero Delta, a portion of Jezero Crater, the chosen landing destination for the Mars 2020 rover. The color enhancements indicate varying mineral content, with green showing water-formed clay deposits. Image created from measurements by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL/JHU-APL/MSSS/Brown University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shake and Bake Trials\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is a monumental feat to hurl a robot millions of miles through the cold, radiation-blasted vacuum of space and safely navigate through an alien atmosphere to land on hard rock and abrasive, wind-blown soil. It is only accomplished after months and years of planning, testing, retesting and ultimately crossing fingers in hope of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To lessen the risk of even a minor problem ending a mission prematurely — an electrical connector shaking loose, a bolt popping out, or a tiny but disastrous fuel leak — all space-bound equipment is subjected to rigorous testing, “trials of pain” designed to simulate the brutal conditions to be endured on the actual mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, scarcely a year from its scheduled launch, NASA’s Mars 2020 was put through such trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First were the vibration tests — a sort of \u003cem>trial by very loud noise\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A duplicate stand-in of the Mars 2020 rover was placed within the aeroshell cocoon the real one will ride in all the way into Mars’ atmosphere, assembled in the same \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/spacecraft/\">configuration it will be for launch in July 2020\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This spacecraft “stack” was placed in a large chamber and blasted with over 150 decibels of random noise to simulate the vibrations of launch, the moment in any mission when spacecraft components are most likely to shake loose and come apart. Sound at the 150 decibels level is about what you’d experience standing 80 feet from a large jet engine at take-off — loud enough to rupture your eardrums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mars 2020 test stack passed the tests, letting mission engineers worry a bit less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943016\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1943016 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Engineers get the Mars 2020 rover (duplicate stand-in) and its aeroshell enclosure ready for thermal and vacuum testing in JPL's Space Simulator Facility. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/22491_PIA23263-D2019_0426_G2775web.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Engineers get the Mars 2020 rover (duplicate stand-in) and its aeroshell enclosure ready for thermal and vacuum testing in JPL’s Space Simulator Facility. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Next, the spacecraft was \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8441/nasas-mars-2020-gets-a-dose-of-space-here-on-earth/\">placed in the 85-foot-tall Space Simulator Facility\u003c/a>, a chamber that has tested robot hardiness as far back as the early 1960s with the Mariner missions, and many since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chamber simulates the harsh environment of space, which the spacecraft will have to endure over seven months of cruising between Earth and Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After pumping the air out of the chamber to near vacuum, liquid nitrogen super-chilled its walls to -200 degrees F, a temperature cold enough to freeze a person solid in seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, as a finishing touch, powerful xenon lamps bathed the spacecraft in simulated sunlight, approximating the raw solar radiation the equipment will need to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial concluded successfully after a full eight days, assuring engineers that the spacecraft is as ready as it will ever be for the perils ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rehearsing a Mars Landing Here on Earth\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most intense, nail-biting, nerve-wracking part of the entire journey to Mars is not the thunderous rocket launch, or the seven months of interplanetary cruising to follow, but the brief moment of atmospheric \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission/timeline/edl/\">entry, descent, and landing\u003c/a> (EDL), which has earned the title “Seven Minutes of Terror” from NASA operators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so many things that could go wrong during EDL—a parachute failing to deploy, a rocket failing to fire, or a terminal crash-landing in unexpectedly rugged terrain—every iota of advanced disaster prevention that can be imagined is planned out and tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accordingly, NASA has made use of the arguably most Mars-like landscapes on Earth, Death Valley National Park, to \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7411\">test Mars 2020’s special Lander Vision System\u003c/a>. The LVS will guide Mars 2020 to a safe landing spot on the floor of its ultimate destination, \u003ca href=\"https://www.universetoday.com/140590/its-decided-the-mars-2020-rover-will-land-in-jezero-crater/\">Jezero Crater\u003c/a>, in February 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943017\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1943017\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"NASA testing the Mars 2020 mission's Landing Vision System on the nose of an Airbus helicopter in Death Valley National Park. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/PIA23265-16.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA testing the Mars 2020 mission’s Landing Vision System on the nose of an Airbus helicopter in Death Valley National Park. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NASA mounted an engineering duplicate of the LVS on the nose of a helicopter and flew it through a series of maneuvers over the rugged mountainous desert terrain in Death Valley. During the flights the LVS collected and analyzed imagery of the surface below, testing its ability to identify landing hazards and safe havens on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943020\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1943020 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Mars 2020 will be the first mission with the ability to assess a prospective landing site in real-time and, if necessary, divert to an alternate, safer site. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/CngB2X1VIAAa-wn.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mars 2020 will be the first mission with the ability to assess a prospective landing site in real-time and, if necessary, divert to an alternate, safer site. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mars 2020 will be the first-ever robotic landing mission with the ability to \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/timeline/entry-descent-landing/\">retarget its precise landing site on the fly\u003c/a>, based on real-time terrain imaging data — something that past missions left somewhat to chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Practice Makes Perfect?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exploration of other worlds in our solar system has never been easy. If you think that exploring Mars is a cakewalk, consider that of the \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/programmissions/missions/log/\">45 Mars missions attempted since 1960\u003c/a>, only 22 have been successful (or partially successful).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the unsuccessful attempts didn’t even get as far as Earth orbit, some experienced a failure during their interplanetary voyage, and some ended up crashing spectacularly upon arrival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA has taken all the precautions it can to ensure a safe trip for Mars 2020. Engineers have tested everything that can be tested, imagined and planned for most things that can go wrong, and will continue to do so up to the day of launch in July 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, all that will be left to do is to cross fingers and hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1943005/dress-rehearsal-time-for-the-mars-2020-spacecraft","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_40"],"tags":["science_3832","science_3834","science_5188","science_3616","science_5175","science_420"],"featImg":"science_1943023","label":"source_science_1943005"},"science_1939044":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1939044","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1939044","score":null,"sort":[1552978873000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nasa-scientists-demonstrate-how-life-may-have-formed-on-earth-and-how-it-might-arise-on-other-worlds","title":"How Did Life Form 4 Billion Years Ago? NASA Thinks It Might Know","publishDate":1552978873,"format":"standard","headTitle":"How Did Life Form 4 Billion Years Ago? NASA Thinks It Might Know | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Scientists may have rediscovered a long-lost recipe from Earth’s primordial cookbook for life, one that takes chemical ingredients that were available in the oceans of Earth’s youth, adds heat, and churns out the organic molecular building blocks of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not only an important step in the journey toward solving the puzzle of how and where life originated on Earth, it also offers guidance for narrowing the search for life on other worlds — where to search and what to look for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Cookin’ in NASA’s Kitchen?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA \u003ca href=\"https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/\">astrobiologist\u003c/a> Laurie Barge and team, at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, \u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/863/nasa-study-reproduces-origins-of-life-on-ocean-floor/\">set out to demonstrate\u003c/a> how organic molecules might have formed 4 billion years ago, in the pitch darkness on Earth’s deep-ocean floor surrounding vents of hot, chemical-laden water spouting from Earth’s interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939050\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1939050\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/expl2006.jpg\" alt='An active hydrothermal \"chimney\", the mineral structure that forms around a hydrothermal vent. ' width=\"700\" height=\"1050\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/expl2006.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/expl2006-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An active hydrothermal ‘chimney,’ the mineral structure that forms around a hydrothermal vent. \u003ccite>(New Zealand American Submarine Ring of Fire 2007 Exploration, NOAA Vents Program, NOAA OAR/OER)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Called \u003ca href=\"https://www.whoi.edu/main/topic/hydrothermal-vents\">hydrothermal vents\u003c/a>, these deep-sea “hot springs” of chemicals and heat exist today, and all but certainly existed eons ago before life began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accomplish their goal, Barge and team recreated in their lab the conditions that prevailed around hydrothermal vents in Earth’s primordial ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939049\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1939049\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/3481_Simulated_underwater_chimneys_forming_in_glass_container_of_liquid..gif\" alt=\"A time-lapse video of the formation of an amino acid "chimney" from a plume of fluid injected into a mixture simulating ocean water of the primordial Earth. The experiment was to show how hydrothermal vents on Earth's ocean floor may have produced the organic chemical precursors to life on Earth. \" width=\"320\" height=\"569\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A time-lapse video of the formation of an amino acid ‘chimney’ from a plume of fluid injected into a mixture simulating ocean water of the primordial Earth. The experiment was to show how hydrothermal vents on Earth’s ocean floor may have produced the organic chemical precursors to life on Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/Flores)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They prepared a mixture of water, \u003ca href=\"https://www.astrobio.net/mars/could-green-rust-be-a-catalyst-for-martian-life/\">minerals\u003c/a> and other chemicals that would have been present in ocean water on the young Earth, removing oxygen from the mix to account for the fact that little of that element existed in the ocean or atmosphere in Earth’s pre-life era. Then, heating the water to 158 degrees Fahrenheit (the water temperature surrounding a hydrotherapy vent), they injected a water solution that included small amounts of oxygen and other minerals, to simulate a hydrothermal vent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mixing of the simulated primordial fluids produced chemical reactions, out of which formed alanine, an \u003ca href=\"http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/aa/aa.html\">amino acid\u003c/a>, and alpha hydroxy acid. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which in turn make up all living things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A tasty result to say the least! Before their very eyes the experimenters witnessed the genesis of molecules all-important to the formation of life. And since they had been careful to recreate the natural conditions that existed on the primordial Earth, it was not just the result of a contrived chemistry experiment, but a re-enactment of nature’s own original cookery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hydrothermal Vents Near and Far\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today we find communities of advanced life forms thriving around hydrothermal vents. Fish, crustaceans, cephalopods and many more species teem around these geothermal oases on the cold, dark ocean floor, their ecosystems sustained entirely by the chemical bounty of the Earth — no sunlight required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939051\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1939051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/800px-Fauna_on_hydrothermal_vents-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Marine life thriving in the environment surrounding a deep-ocean hydrothermal vent. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/800px-Fauna_on_hydrothermal_vents.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/800px-Fauna_on_hydrothermal_vents-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/800px-Fauna_on_hydrothermal_vents-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marine life thriving in the environment surrounding a deep-ocean hydrothermal vent. \u003ccite>(Submarine Ring of Fire 2006 Exploration, NOAA Vents Program)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is probable that the ancestors of these complex organisms originated from the sunlit ocean world above and migrated to hydrothermal vents some time in the past, there to adapt to the very different environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the question remains: Where did the first, single-celled living organisms appear on Earth? In a sunlit \u003ca href=\"https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/origsoflife_03\">tidepool\u003c/a>, where organic molecules were sloshed together by waves? Or, did the first microbe spring forth from the dark warmth of a hydrothermal vent, from an original recipe cooked up wholly by the Earth?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding how organic compounds like amino acids might have originated around hydrothermal vents on Earth has powerful implications for our search for extraterrestrial life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we find signs of \u003ca href=\"https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/review/dr-marc-solar-system/life-on-mars.html\">life on a planet like Mars\u003c/a>, past or present, we will be pressed to answer questions about its origin similar to the question of how Earth life originated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars once had seas, which may have had some form of hydrothermal vent spouting away on the sea floor. But the young Mars also had an atmosphere, a warm and watery surface environment, a water cycle, and other attributes similar to Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, that life-friendly environment dried up a long time ago, so we might hope to find only the residues of past living things — or at best something still living deep under Mars’ surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looking for Life in Unexpected Places\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But farther out from the sun we have detected oceans on at least two or three moons of gas giant planets, such as Jupiter’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/subject/3148/europa/\">Europa\u003c/a> and Saturn’s \u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/science/enceladus/\">Enceladus\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939052\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 782px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1939052\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/europa.jpg\" alt=\"Jupiter's moon Europa, as photographed by the Galileo spacecraft. The pattern of cracks in the icy crust indicates that it floats on an ocean of liquid water. \" width=\"782\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/europa.jpg 782w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/europa-160x124.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/europa-768x593.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 782px) 100vw, 782px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jupiter’s moon Europa, as photographed by the Galileo spacecraft. The pattern of cracks in the icy crust indicates that it floats on an ocean of liquid water. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Neither of these moons has an atmosphere to speak of, and their surfaces are crusts of frigid ice exposed to the vacuum and radiation of space — not promising environments to search for life as we know it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under those icy crusts, though, are oceans of liquid water. Water vapor plumes erupting from cracks in Enceladus’ surface carry traces of chemicals like ammonia, one of the “precursor” chemicals for the formation of organic molecules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Europa’s ocean is global, may be up to 100 miles deep and has twice the water of Earth’s ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the ocean floors of either of these moons sport hydrothermal vents, then there may be environments down there similar to those surrounding Earth’s vents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know that the hydrothermal vents on Earth support thriving communities of life, and from the laboratory recipe cooked up by Dr. Barge and team we know that such an environment can easily produce organic compounds, the precursor molecules of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding the genesis of life on Earth would also focus our search for signs of life on \u003ca href=\"https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/\">extrasolar planets\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939053\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1939053\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/800px-An_exoplanet_seen_from_its_moon_artists_impression-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"An artist illustration of an exoplanet (upper right) viewed from the surface of one of its moons. \" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/800px-An_exoplanet_seen_from_its_moon_artists_impression.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/800px-An_exoplanet_seen_from_its_moon_artists_impression-160x100.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/800px-An_exoplanet_seen_from_its_moon_artists_impression-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist illustration of an exoplanet (upper right) viewed from the surface of one of its moons. \u003ccite>(IAU/L. Calçada)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>No spacecraft will be reaching exoplanets in our lifetimes (or those of our great great great grandchildren in all probability), but knowing what chemical telltales might indicate the presence of life would be a powerful tool for exploring life beyond our solar system — in nearby star systems, in distant reaches across the Milky Way galaxy, and possibly even other galaxies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’d say that’s a lot of potential from a small bottle of hot mineral water bubbling away in a lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Scientists have reproduced in the lab how organic materials may have originated on Earth. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848786,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1136},"headData":{"title":"How Did Life Form 4 Billion Years Ago? NASA Thinks It Might Know | KQED","description":"Scientists have reproduced in the lab how organic materials may have originated on Earth. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Did Life Form 4 Billion Years Ago? NASA Thinks It Might Know","datePublished":"2019-03-19T07:01:13.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T01:06:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Astronomy","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1939044/nasa-scientists-demonstrate-how-life-may-have-formed-on-earth-and-how-it-might-arise-on-other-worlds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists may have rediscovered a long-lost recipe from Earth’s primordial cookbook for life, one that takes chemical ingredients that were available in the oceans of Earth’s youth, adds heat, and churns out the organic molecular building blocks of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not only an important step in the journey toward solving the puzzle of how and where life originated on Earth, it also offers guidance for narrowing the search for life on other worlds — where to search and what to look for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Cookin’ in NASA’s Kitchen?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA \u003ca href=\"https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/\">astrobiologist\u003c/a> Laurie Barge and team, at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, \u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/863/nasa-study-reproduces-origins-of-life-on-ocean-floor/\">set out to demonstrate\u003c/a> how organic molecules might have formed 4 billion years ago, in the pitch darkness on Earth’s deep-ocean floor surrounding vents of hot, chemical-laden water spouting from Earth’s interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939050\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1939050\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/expl2006.jpg\" alt='An active hydrothermal \"chimney\", the mineral structure that forms around a hydrothermal vent. ' width=\"700\" height=\"1050\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/expl2006.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/expl2006-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An active hydrothermal ‘chimney,’ the mineral structure that forms around a hydrothermal vent. \u003ccite>(New Zealand American Submarine Ring of Fire 2007 Exploration, NOAA Vents Program, NOAA OAR/OER)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Called \u003ca href=\"https://www.whoi.edu/main/topic/hydrothermal-vents\">hydrothermal vents\u003c/a>, these deep-sea “hot springs” of chemicals and heat exist today, and all but certainly existed eons ago before life began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accomplish their goal, Barge and team recreated in their lab the conditions that prevailed around hydrothermal vents in Earth’s primordial ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939049\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1939049\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/3481_Simulated_underwater_chimneys_forming_in_glass_container_of_liquid..gif\" alt=\"A time-lapse video of the formation of an amino acid "chimney" from a plume of fluid injected into a mixture simulating ocean water of the primordial Earth. The experiment was to show how hydrothermal vents on Earth's ocean floor may have produced the organic chemical precursors to life on Earth. \" width=\"320\" height=\"569\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A time-lapse video of the formation of an amino acid ‘chimney’ from a plume of fluid injected into a mixture simulating ocean water of the primordial Earth. The experiment was to show how hydrothermal vents on Earth’s ocean floor may have produced the organic chemical precursors to life on Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/Flores)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They prepared a mixture of water, \u003ca href=\"https://www.astrobio.net/mars/could-green-rust-be-a-catalyst-for-martian-life/\">minerals\u003c/a> and other chemicals that would have been present in ocean water on the young Earth, removing oxygen from the mix to account for the fact that little of that element existed in the ocean or atmosphere in Earth’s pre-life era. Then, heating the water to 158 degrees Fahrenheit (the water temperature surrounding a hydrotherapy vent), they injected a water solution that included small amounts of oxygen and other minerals, to simulate a hydrothermal vent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mixing of the simulated primordial fluids produced chemical reactions, out of which formed alanine, an \u003ca href=\"http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/aa/aa.html\">amino acid\u003c/a>, and alpha hydroxy acid. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which in turn make up all living things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A tasty result to say the least! Before their very eyes the experimenters witnessed the genesis of molecules all-important to the formation of life. And since they had been careful to recreate the natural conditions that existed on the primordial Earth, it was not just the result of a contrived chemistry experiment, but a re-enactment of nature’s own original cookery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hydrothermal Vents Near and Far\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today we find communities of advanced life forms thriving around hydrothermal vents. Fish, crustaceans, cephalopods and many more species teem around these geothermal oases on the cold, dark ocean floor, their ecosystems sustained entirely by the chemical bounty of the Earth — no sunlight required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939051\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1939051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/800px-Fauna_on_hydrothermal_vents-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Marine life thriving in the environment surrounding a deep-ocean hydrothermal vent. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/800px-Fauna_on_hydrothermal_vents.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/800px-Fauna_on_hydrothermal_vents-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/800px-Fauna_on_hydrothermal_vents-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marine life thriving in the environment surrounding a deep-ocean hydrothermal vent. \u003ccite>(Submarine Ring of Fire 2006 Exploration, NOAA Vents Program)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is probable that the ancestors of these complex organisms originated from the sunlit ocean world above and migrated to hydrothermal vents some time in the past, there to adapt to the very different environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the question remains: Where did the first, single-celled living organisms appear on Earth? In a sunlit \u003ca href=\"https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/origsoflife_03\">tidepool\u003c/a>, where organic molecules were sloshed together by waves? Or, did the first microbe spring forth from the dark warmth of a hydrothermal vent, from an original recipe cooked up wholly by the Earth?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding how organic compounds like amino acids might have originated around hydrothermal vents on Earth has powerful implications for our search for extraterrestrial life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we find signs of \u003ca href=\"https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/review/dr-marc-solar-system/life-on-mars.html\">life on a planet like Mars\u003c/a>, past or present, we will be pressed to answer questions about its origin similar to the question of how Earth life originated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars once had seas, which may have had some form of hydrothermal vent spouting away on the sea floor. But the young Mars also had an atmosphere, a warm and watery surface environment, a water cycle, and other attributes similar to Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, that life-friendly environment dried up a long time ago, so we might hope to find only the residues of past living things — or at best something still living deep under Mars’ surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looking for Life in Unexpected Places\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But farther out from the sun we have detected oceans on at least two or three moons of gas giant planets, such as Jupiter’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/subject/3148/europa/\">Europa\u003c/a> and Saturn’s \u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/science/enceladus/\">Enceladus\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939052\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 782px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1939052\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/europa.jpg\" alt=\"Jupiter's moon Europa, as photographed by the Galileo spacecraft. The pattern of cracks in the icy crust indicates that it floats on an ocean of liquid water. \" width=\"782\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/europa.jpg 782w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/europa-160x124.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/europa-768x593.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 782px) 100vw, 782px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jupiter’s moon Europa, as photographed by the Galileo spacecraft. The pattern of cracks in the icy crust indicates that it floats on an ocean of liquid water. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Neither of these moons has an atmosphere to speak of, and their surfaces are crusts of frigid ice exposed to the vacuum and radiation of space — not promising environments to search for life as we know it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under those icy crusts, though, are oceans of liquid water. Water vapor plumes erupting from cracks in Enceladus’ surface carry traces of chemicals like ammonia, one of the “precursor” chemicals for the formation of organic molecules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Europa’s ocean is global, may be up to 100 miles deep and has twice the water of Earth’s ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the ocean floors of either of these moons sport hydrothermal vents, then there may be environments down there similar to those surrounding Earth’s vents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know that the hydrothermal vents on Earth support thriving communities of life, and from the laboratory recipe cooked up by Dr. Barge and team we know that such an environment can easily produce organic compounds, the precursor molecules of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding the genesis of life on Earth would also focus our search for signs of life on \u003ca href=\"https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/\">extrasolar planets\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1939053\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1939053\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/800px-An_exoplanet_seen_from_its_moon_artists_impression-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"An artist illustration of an exoplanet (upper right) viewed from the surface of one of its moons. \" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/800px-An_exoplanet_seen_from_its_moon_artists_impression.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/800px-An_exoplanet_seen_from_its_moon_artists_impression-160x100.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/03/800px-An_exoplanet_seen_from_its_moon_artists_impression-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist illustration of an exoplanet (upper right) viewed from the surface of one of its moons. \u003ccite>(IAU/L. Calçada)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>No spacecraft will be reaching exoplanets in our lifetimes (or those of our great great great grandchildren in all probability), but knowing what chemical telltales might indicate the presence of life would be a powerful tool for exploring life beyond our solar system — in nearby star systems, in distant reaches across the Milky Way galaxy, and possibly even other galaxies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’d say that’s a lot of potential from a small bottle of hot mineral water bubbling away in a lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1939044/nasa-scientists-demonstrate-how-life-may-have-formed-on-earth-and-how-it-might-arise-on-other-worlds","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_40"],"tags":["science_3370","science_3832","science_3834","science_5188","science_5175"],"featImg":"science_1939055","label":"source_science_1939044"},"science_1934826":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1934826","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1934826","score":null,"sort":[1543257052000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"watch-live-coverage-of-mars-insight-landing","title":"WATCH: Live Coverage of Mars InSight Landing","publishDate":1543257052,"format":"aside","headTitle":"WATCH: Live Coverage of Mars InSight Landing | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGD_YF64Nwk&w=663&h=398]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 7:30 p.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phew! Took a little while but we have word now that InSight’s solar panels are open and collecting sunlight. This solar-powered robot is ready for action. \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Aaah…soaking up the Sun with my solar panels. 🌞 After a long flight, and thrilling \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a>, it feels great to get a good stretch and recharge my batteries. (Like, literally.) It’s just what I’ll need to really start getting in tune with \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/yse3VEst3G\">https://t.co/yse3VEst3G\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/LpsiI0KNNz\">pic.twitter.com/LpsiI0KNNz\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASAInSight (@NASAInSight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight/status/1067258215501447168?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 27, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Data from Odyssey indicate \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAInSight\u003c/a>’s solar arrays are open and batteries are charging. The transmission also included this view from the instrument deployment camera, showing the seismometer (left), grapple (center) and robotic arm (right): \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/yZqPextm89\">https://t.co/yZqPextm89\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/2kBHT5caGS\">pic.twitter.com/2kBHT5caGS\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASA JPL (@NASAJPL) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAJPL/status/1067255524335345665?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 27, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In all, it was a big day for InSight, its team and its fans, both those on Earth and off. \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">The \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAInSight\u003c/a> team got a special congratulations from the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Space_Station?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@Space_Station\u003c/a> today! \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/qoZHtkYT9w\">pic.twitter.com/qoZHtkYT9w\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jim Bridenstine (@JimBridenstine) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JimBridenstine/status/1067205108713193474?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 12:50 p.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nBen Burress, Chabot Staff Astronomer and KQED’s space blogger, gives us an overview of the day and a preview of what’s ahead for InSight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">As we wait for InSight’s next check in (confirming if the solar arrays are deployed OK) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ChabotSpace?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ChabotSpace\u003c/a>‘s Ben Burress looks ahead to what’s next for the mission. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/SF3gdjszVO\">pic.twitter.com/SF3gdjszVO\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Danielle Venton (@DanielleVenton) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton/status/1067158328847949824?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And, that’s it for now folks! Later today we’ll update once NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter confirms that InSight’s solar arrays have deployed. This may happen around 5:35 p.m. Pacific, but could be many hours after that. Once the solar panels are out, the two-year surface phase of this mission has officially begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 12:05 p.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots to celebrate for the Mars InSight team. The lander still has a bit more work to do. Later today, once the dust its kicked up settles, it’ll unfurl its twin solar panel arrays and check in again with home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:59 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>InSight sends its first picture home, relayed by the MarCO satellites. Picture a little obscured by dust, but clearly shows the horizon of the red planet (and it has a lander leg in it).\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">My first picture on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a>! My lens cover isn’t off yet, but I just had to show you a first look at my new home. More status updates:\u003ca href=\"https://t.co/tYcLE3tkkS\">https://t.co/tYcLE3tkkS\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/G15bJjMYxa\">pic.twitter.com/G15bJjMYxa\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASAInSight (@NASAInSight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight/status/1067147649386598400?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:55 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nInSight has landed! TOUCHDOWN CONFIRMED. Fans around the world erupt. Lots of fist bumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">YESSSSSSS SUCCESSFUL \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a> landing for \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsInSight?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsInSight\u003c/a>! WOOOOOOO!!! \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/WLXnl2E0ms\">https://t.co/WLXnl2E0ms\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Adam Becker (@FreelanceAstro) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/FreelanceAstro/status/1067145092996059136?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>InSight now has a new home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">I feel you, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a> – and soon I’ll know your heart. With this safe landing, I’m here. I’m home.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/auhFdfiUMg\">https://t.co/auhFdfiUMg\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASAInSight (@NASAInSight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight/status/1067144560139063296?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:54 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parachute is working! Hoots and claps from mission control and space fans at Chabot. All good news so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:50 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nInSight is now experiencing peak heat. Stay cool up there! Next step will be the parachute deployment. Travelling at 1,000 meters per second. Audience at Chabot is holding their breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:48 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nENTRY! The lander has entered the atmosphere. Now it will slow down as it approaches the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:42 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe lander has separated from the spacecraft that carried it millions of miles away from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAInSight\u003c/a> is no longer cruising…it’s diving in. Five minutes to go until atmospheric entry. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Nadia Drake (@nadiamdrake) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nadiamdrake/status/1067141484485332992?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The lander is now steering itself. Star Tracker software turned off and InSight is going in. T-20 till land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">WOOHOO BENT PIPE HAS BEGUN! this means that MarCo’s are both working as hoped and will begin relaying the EDL data. OMG. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PopSci?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@PopSci\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Shannon Stirone (@shannonmstirone) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/shannonmstirone/status/1067139987567632384?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Update from Mission Control: Both CubeSats and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have checked in and all seems good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curious about the instruments aboard InSight? They’re the product of teams from the U.S., France and Germany. \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/summary/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn more\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934850\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1934850\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-1020x574.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-1200x675.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-960x540.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-240x135.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-375x211.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-520x293.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">InSight is the first mission to investigate the interior of Mars. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:15 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA’s livestream from mission control at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has started. Peanuts, a tradition to bring good luck to landings, are being passed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Here be peanuts \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAJPL?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAJPL\u003c/a> mission control. Never try to land a spacecraft without ‘em. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/pEhDVFzBsI\">https://t.co/pEhDVFzBsI\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/c10XE5yFdG\">pic.twitter.com/c10XE5yFdG\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Nadia Drake (@nadiamdrake) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nadiamdrake/status/1067133323401523201?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Chabot’s theater is almost full with members of the public, like the Crawford’s of Hayward who brought their young daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Lots of families here \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ChabotSpace?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ChabotSpace\u003c/a> to watch the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAInSight\u003c/a> lander. Erica & Steven Crawford of Hayward brought their planetary-enthusiast daughter Stefanie. Stefanie likes Mars, but says her favorite planet is Neptune. She wants to be an astronaut when she grows up. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/pE4fOtrnl5\">pic.twitter.com/pE4fOtrnl5\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Danielle Venton (@DanielleVenton) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton/status/1067134235893411840?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 10:30 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the minutes ticking down till Mars InSight’s anticipated landing at 12:00 p.m. Pacific, KQED Science is ready to bring you up-to-the-minute information on the mission. We’ll embed the live feed from mission control at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena. And we’ll bring you the scene from the \u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/events/events-listing/insight-landing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">viewing party at the Chabot Observatory\u003c/a> in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where are you watching the landing? Tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kqedscience\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@KQEDScience\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@DanielleVenton\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More About InSight\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1922458/there-are-earthquakes-on-mars-wait-theyre-marsquakes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">There Are Earthquakes on Mars! Wait … They’re ‘Marsquakes’\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934067/nasa-to-insight-brace-for-landing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA InSIGHT Spacecraft Set to Land on Mars Nov. 26\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>First, some background on the mission. This is the first mission to land on Mars since 2012, when the Curiosity rover touched down. Unlike that landing, with its novel, high-risk innovations (remember the ‘\u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2012/30jul_skycrane/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sky crane\u003c/a>‘?), InSight is landing using tried-and-true technology. The landing sequence will be similar to past missions, such as NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are three main stages of landing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Entering the Atmosphere:\u003c/strong> Small rockets will direct the spacecraft toward the surface. The rockets must maintain a precise 12-degree angle to prevent InSight from either burning up or bouncing off the planet’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Parachute Descent:\u003c/strong> The spacecraft will cast off its heat shield (a protective covering), release a parachute to slow down, and extend its three, shock-absorbing landing legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Powered Descent:\u003c/strong> A dozen engines, known as retro rockets, will begin firing to help the lander set down gently on the Martian soil — its new permanent home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Want more info? See the sidebar above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anything going wrong at any one of these steps could cause this $830-million dollar mission to crash, burn up or bounce off back into space. But at the moment, all seems ready for a smooth landing. Yesterday InSight’s engineers made a final flight path tweak to maneuver the spacecraft over its targeted entry point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">It’s almost time! In less than 15 hours, I’ll plunge through the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Martian?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Martian\u003c/a> atmosphere. But before I do, my team tweaked my flight path one last time to ensure I’m on track for my \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> tomorrow. Read: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/6ekCBE2vUW\">https://t.co/6ekCBE2vUW\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/HiejIwCoHb\">pic.twitter.com/HiejIwCoHb\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASAInSight (@NASAInSight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight/status/1066916095125204993?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"KQED Science is following the Mars InSight landing closely. This will be the first time since 2012 a new spacecraft touches down on the Red Planet. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927294,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":47,"wordCount":1342},"headData":{"title":"WATCH: Live Coverage of Mars InSight Landing | KQED","description":"KQED Science is following the Mars InSight landing closely. This will be the first time since 2012 a new spacecraft touches down on the Red Planet. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"WATCH: Live Coverage of Mars InSight Landing","datePublished":"2018-11-26T18:30:52.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:54:54.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Space","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1934826/watch-live-coverage-of-mars-insight-landing","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/bGD_YF64Nwk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/bGD_YF64Nwk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 7:30 p.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phew! Took a little while but we have word now that InSight’s solar panels are open and collecting sunlight. This solar-powered robot is ready for action. \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Aaah…soaking up the Sun with my solar panels. 🌞 After a long flight, and thrilling \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a>, it feels great to get a good stretch and recharge my batteries. (Like, literally.) It’s just what I’ll need to really start getting in tune with \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/yse3VEst3G\">https://t.co/yse3VEst3G\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/LpsiI0KNNz\">pic.twitter.com/LpsiI0KNNz\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASAInSight (@NASAInSight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight/status/1067258215501447168?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 27, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Data from Odyssey indicate \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAInSight\u003c/a>’s solar arrays are open and batteries are charging. The transmission also included this view from the instrument deployment camera, showing the seismometer (left), grapple (center) and robotic arm (right): \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/yZqPextm89\">https://t.co/yZqPextm89\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/2kBHT5caGS\">pic.twitter.com/2kBHT5caGS\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASA JPL (@NASAJPL) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAJPL/status/1067255524335345665?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 27, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In all, it was a big day for InSight, its team and its fans, both those on Earth and off. \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">The \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAInSight\u003c/a> team got a special congratulations from the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Space_Station?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@Space_Station\u003c/a> today! \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/qoZHtkYT9w\">pic.twitter.com/qoZHtkYT9w\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jim Bridenstine (@JimBridenstine) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JimBridenstine/status/1067205108713193474?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 12:50 p.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nBen Burress, Chabot Staff Astronomer and KQED’s space blogger, gives us an overview of the day and a preview of what’s ahead for InSight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">As we wait for InSight’s next check in (confirming if the solar arrays are deployed OK) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ChabotSpace?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ChabotSpace\u003c/a>‘s Ben Burress looks ahead to what’s next for the mission. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/SF3gdjszVO\">pic.twitter.com/SF3gdjszVO\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Danielle Venton (@DanielleVenton) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton/status/1067158328847949824?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And, that’s it for now folks! Later today we’ll update once NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter confirms that InSight’s solar arrays have deployed. This may happen around 5:35 p.m. Pacific, but could be many hours after that. Once the solar panels are out, the two-year surface phase of this mission has officially begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 12:05 p.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots to celebrate for the Mars InSight team. The lander still has a bit more work to do. Later today, once the dust its kicked up settles, it’ll unfurl its twin solar panel arrays and check in again with home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:59 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>InSight sends its first picture home, relayed by the MarCO satellites. Picture a little obscured by dust, but clearly shows the horizon of the red planet (and it has a lander leg in it).\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">My first picture on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a>! My lens cover isn’t off yet, but I just had to show you a first look at my new home. More status updates:\u003ca href=\"https://t.co/tYcLE3tkkS\">https://t.co/tYcLE3tkkS\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/G15bJjMYxa\">pic.twitter.com/G15bJjMYxa\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASAInSight (@NASAInSight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight/status/1067147649386598400?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:55 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nInSight has landed! TOUCHDOWN CONFIRMED. Fans around the world erupt. Lots of fist bumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">YESSSSSSS SUCCESSFUL \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a> landing for \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsInSight?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsInSight\u003c/a>! WOOOOOOO!!! \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/WLXnl2E0ms\">https://t.co/WLXnl2E0ms\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Adam Becker (@FreelanceAstro) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/FreelanceAstro/status/1067145092996059136?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>InSight now has a new home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">I feel you, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a> – and soon I’ll know your heart. With this safe landing, I’m here. I’m home.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/auhFdfiUMg\">https://t.co/auhFdfiUMg\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASAInSight (@NASAInSight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight/status/1067144560139063296?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:54 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parachute is working! Hoots and claps from mission control and space fans at Chabot. All good news so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:50 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nInSight is now experiencing peak heat. Stay cool up there! Next step will be the parachute deployment. Travelling at 1,000 meters per second. Audience at Chabot is holding their breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:48 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nENTRY! The lander has entered the atmosphere. Now it will slow down as it approaches the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:42 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe lander has separated from the spacecraft that carried it millions of miles away from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAInSight\u003c/a> is no longer cruising…it’s diving in. Five minutes to go until atmospheric entry. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Nadia Drake (@nadiamdrake) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nadiamdrake/status/1067141484485332992?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The lander is now steering itself. Star Tracker software turned off and InSight is going in. T-20 till land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">WOOHOO BENT PIPE HAS BEGUN! this means that MarCo’s are both working as hoped and will begin relaying the EDL data. OMG. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PopSci?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@PopSci\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Shannon Stirone (@shannonmstirone) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/shannonmstirone/status/1067139987567632384?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Update from Mission Control: Both CubeSats and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have checked in and all seems good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curious about the instruments aboard InSight? They’re the product of teams from the U.S., France and Germany. \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/summary/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn more\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934850\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1934850\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-1020x574.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-1200x675.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-960x540.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-240x135.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-375x211.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-520x293.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">InSight is the first mission to investigate the interior of Mars. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:15 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA’s livestream from mission control at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has started. Peanuts, a tradition to bring good luck to landings, are being passed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Here be peanuts \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAJPL?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAJPL\u003c/a> mission control. Never try to land a spacecraft without ‘em. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/pEhDVFzBsI\">https://t.co/pEhDVFzBsI\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/c10XE5yFdG\">pic.twitter.com/c10XE5yFdG\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Nadia Drake (@nadiamdrake) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nadiamdrake/status/1067133323401523201?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Chabot’s theater is almost full with members of the public, like the Crawford’s of Hayward who brought their young daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Lots of families here \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ChabotSpace?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ChabotSpace\u003c/a> to watch the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAInSight\u003c/a> lander. Erica & Steven Crawford of Hayward brought their planetary-enthusiast daughter Stefanie. Stefanie likes Mars, but says her favorite planet is Neptune. She wants to be an astronaut when she grows up. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/pE4fOtrnl5\">pic.twitter.com/pE4fOtrnl5\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Danielle Venton (@DanielleVenton) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton/status/1067134235893411840?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 10:30 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the minutes ticking down till Mars InSight’s anticipated landing at 12:00 p.m. Pacific, KQED Science is ready to bring you up-to-the-minute information on the mission. We’ll embed the live feed from mission control at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena. And we’ll bring you the scene from the \u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/events/events-listing/insight-landing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">viewing party at the Chabot Observatory\u003c/a> in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where are you watching the landing? Tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kqedscience\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@KQEDScience\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@DanielleVenton\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More About InSight\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1922458/there-are-earthquakes-on-mars-wait-theyre-marsquakes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">There Are Earthquakes on Mars! Wait … They’re ‘Marsquakes’\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934067/nasa-to-insight-brace-for-landing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA InSIGHT Spacecraft Set to Land on Mars Nov. 26\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>First, some background on the mission. This is the first mission to land on Mars since 2012, when the Curiosity rover touched down. Unlike that landing, with its novel, high-risk innovations (remember the ‘\u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2012/30jul_skycrane/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sky crane\u003c/a>‘?), InSight is landing using tried-and-true technology. The landing sequence will be similar to past missions, such as NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are three main stages of landing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Entering the Atmosphere:\u003c/strong> Small rockets will direct the spacecraft toward the surface. The rockets must maintain a precise 12-degree angle to prevent InSight from either burning up or bouncing off the planet’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Parachute Descent:\u003c/strong> The spacecraft will cast off its heat shield (a protective covering), release a parachute to slow down, and extend its three, shock-absorbing landing legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Powered Descent:\u003c/strong> A dozen engines, known as retro rockets, will begin firing to help the lander set down gently on the Martian soil — its new permanent home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Want more info? See the sidebar above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anything going wrong at any one of these steps could cause this $830-million dollar mission to crash, burn up or bounce off back into space. But at the moment, all seems ready for a smooth landing. Yesterday InSight’s engineers made a final flight path tweak to maneuver the spacecraft over its targeted entry point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">It’s almost time! In less than 15 hours, I’ll plunge through the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Martian?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Martian\u003c/a> atmosphere. But before I do, my team tweaked my flight path one last time to ensure I’m on track for my \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> tomorrow. Read: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/6ekCBE2vUW\">https://t.co/6ekCBE2vUW\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/HiejIwCoHb\">pic.twitter.com/HiejIwCoHb\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASAInSight (@NASAInSight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight/status/1066916095125204993?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1934826/watch-live-coverage-of-mars-insight-landing","authors":["11088"],"categories":["science_28","science_89","science_40"],"tags":["science_3370","science_2938","science_5188","science_5179","science_5175","science_813"],"featImg":"science_1934828","label":"source_science_1934826"},"science_1924248":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1924248","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1924248","score":null,"sort":[1527255095000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"mars-helicopter-will-buzz-through-the-skies-of-the-red-planet","title":"Mars Helicopter Will Buzz Through the Skies of the Red Planet","publishDate":1527255095,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Mars Helicopter Will Buzz Through the Skies of the Red Planet | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>We’ve hurled robots at Mars for over 50 years — on one-way flybys and orbital trajectories in space, and onto the surface by parachute, airbag, rocket-crane, landing-feet and even wheels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, NASA will add another mode of Martian locomotion to the history books: \u003cem>rotor-blades. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a few short years the \u003cem>Mars Helicopter\u003c/em> will fly the Martian skies to demonstrate how flying vehicles can expand a mission’s range of exploration and gain access to terrain unreachable by ground travel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Helicopters on Mars?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was inevitable. With the technological explosion of small, remotely controlled drones popping up everywhere in our lives, it was only a matter of time before one started buzzing the skies of another planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/oOMQOqKRWjU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In development at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/\">Jet Propulsion Laboratory\u003c/a> since 2013, and after numerous rounds of testing, redesign and re-testing on Earth, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/mars-helicopter-to-fly-on-nasa-s-next-red-planet-rover-mission\">Mars Helicopter\u003c/a> is ready to spin its light-weight propellers and test the air on the Red Planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Will It Get There?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars Helicopter isn’t going alone. With a body only a few inches across and a total weight of about four pounds, this no-frills flying rotor-bot doesn’t carry the equipment or pack enough power for communicating with Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be capable of propeller-driven flight in Mars’ thin atmosphere, it had to be designed as light as possible. This turns out to be an advantage in one way: it is small and light enough to hitch a ride on a larger cousin, \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/overview/\">NASA’s Mars 2020 rover\u003c/a>, set to launch in July 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”QXtw0NZJyhklG24CYkLasmK8IcSS4qwj”]The tiny vehicle will be tucked away in the underbelly of the rover, and at an opportune time in the 2020 mission will be lowered to the ground. The rover— which is nearly identical in size and appearance to the Curiosity rover now exploring Gale Crater — will then back away to a safe distance and serve as a communication relay with Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Will the Helicopter Fly?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Earth, the highest recorded helicopter flight reached an altitude of about 40,000 feet, where the thinning atmosphere requires faster and faster rotor speeds to maintain lift. Most conventional helicopters are not capable even of reaching the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2011/05/record-setting-high-altitude-helicopter-rescue-in-alaska/\">peaks of Earth’s highest mountains\u003c/a>, like Everest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Mars, the atmospheric pressure at ground level is equivalent to a 100,000-foot elevation on Earth. Obviously, Mars Helicopter isn’t your off-the-shelf drone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its twin counter-spinning propeller blades will turn at 3,000 rotations per minute to lift the tiny craft off the ground, powered by a potent, lightweight lithium-ion battery that will be recharged by solar cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924283\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1924283\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio-800x444.jpg\" alt='Depiction of Mars Helicopter flying over Martian terrain, demonstrating a capability for future landers and rovers to \"see over that next ridge\" or reach places inaccessible to ground travel. ' width=\"800\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio-800x444.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio-160x89.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio-768x426.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio-672x372.jpg 672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio-240x133.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio-375x208.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio-520x289.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio.jpg 818w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Depiction of Mars Helicopter flying over Martian terrain, demonstrating a capability for future landers and rovers to “see over that next ridge” or reach places inaccessible to ground travel. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NASA will test Mars Helicopter’s capabilities over a 30-day period, starting with simple, brief hops and gradually extending the flight distance and duration. The vehicle, once given its commands for a flight, will operate autonomously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The helicopter will spend nights on the ground, using battery-powered heaters to protect its equipment. Then, after the sun comes up the next day, it will recharge its batteries for its next aerial adventure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What will the Mars Helicopter tell us about Mars?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first of its kind, Mars Helicopter is more a test-of-concept project than a dedicated tool of scientific exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the test exercises are successful, the tiny, self-controlled drone will demonstrate the capability for future missions to perform aerial surveillance and to visit places that are hard to get to by ground travel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If mission scientists have sighed at images sent back from Mars thinking, “I wish we could see what’s just over that ridge,” they may soon get their wish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mars 2020 Rover\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Mars Helicopter is hopping about the alien desert blazing a sky-trail for next-generation chopper-bots, the Mars 2020 rover “mothership” will be going about its own mission to search for evidence of past Martian life — regardless of the fate of its flighty companion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924260\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1924260\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-800x350.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of NASA's Mars 2020 rover, which will launch in July 2020 on a mission to search for signs of ancient Martian life in rock samples. \" width=\"800\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-800x350.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-160x70.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-768x336.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-1020x446.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-1200x525.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-1180x516.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-960x420.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-240x105.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-375x164.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-520x228.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of NASA’s Mars 2020 rover, which will launch in July 2020 on a mission to search for signs of ancient Martian life in rock samples. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite the flashy allure of the first extraterrestrial helicopter tour, the real meat of the mission is in the hands of the car-sized rover. Mars 2020 will employ \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170816112715.htm\">techniques for detecting residues\u003c/a> of ancient microbial life that have been developed to study the earliest life on Earth — giving it the potential to make one of the greatest scientific discoveries of all time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, the test-flights of a semi-autonomous flying drone may pave the way to an entirely new paradigm of planetary exploration.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"NASA is sending a tiny robotic helicopter to Mars with the Mars 2020 rover to test the possibilities of aerial exploration. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927888,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":838},"headData":{"title":"Mars Helicopter Will Buzz Through the Skies of the Red Planet | KQED","description":"NASA is sending a tiny robotic helicopter to Mars with the Mars 2020 rover to test the possibilities of aerial exploration. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Mars Helicopter Will Buzz Through the Skies of the Red Planet","datePublished":"2018-05-25T13:31:35.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:04:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Astronomy","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1924248/mars-helicopter-will-buzz-through-the-skies-of-the-red-planet","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We’ve hurled robots at Mars for over 50 years — on one-way flybys and orbital trajectories in space, and onto the surface by parachute, airbag, rocket-crane, landing-feet and even wheels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, NASA will add another mode of Martian locomotion to the history books: \u003cem>rotor-blades. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a few short years the \u003cem>Mars Helicopter\u003c/em> will fly the Martian skies to demonstrate how flying vehicles can expand a mission’s range of exploration and gain access to terrain unreachable by ground travel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Helicopters on Mars?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was inevitable. With the technological explosion of small, remotely controlled drones popping up everywhere in our lives, it was only a matter of time before one started buzzing the skies of another planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/oOMQOqKRWjU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/oOMQOqKRWjU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>In development at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/\">Jet Propulsion Laboratory\u003c/a> since 2013, and after numerous rounds of testing, redesign and re-testing on Earth, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/mars-helicopter-to-fly-on-nasa-s-next-red-planet-rover-mission\">Mars Helicopter\u003c/a> is ready to spin its light-weight propellers and test the air on the Red Planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Will It Get There?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars Helicopter isn’t going alone. With a body only a few inches across and a total weight of about four pounds, this no-frills flying rotor-bot doesn’t carry the equipment or pack enough power for communicating with Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be capable of propeller-driven flight in Mars’ thin atmosphere, it had to be designed as light as possible. This turns out to be an advantage in one way: it is small and light enough to hitch a ride on a larger cousin, \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/overview/\">NASA’s Mars 2020 rover\u003c/a>, set to launch in July 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The tiny vehicle will be tucked away in the underbelly of the rover, and at an opportune time in the 2020 mission will be lowered to the ground. The rover— which is nearly identical in size and appearance to the Curiosity rover now exploring Gale Crater — will then back away to a safe distance and serve as a communication relay with Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Will the Helicopter Fly?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Earth, the highest recorded helicopter flight reached an altitude of about 40,000 feet, where the thinning atmosphere requires faster and faster rotor speeds to maintain lift. Most conventional helicopters are not capable even of reaching the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2011/05/record-setting-high-altitude-helicopter-rescue-in-alaska/\">peaks of Earth’s highest mountains\u003c/a>, like Everest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Mars, the atmospheric pressure at ground level is equivalent to a 100,000-foot elevation on Earth. Obviously, Mars Helicopter isn’t your off-the-shelf drone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its twin counter-spinning propeller blades will turn at 3,000 rotations per minute to lift the tiny craft off the ground, powered by a potent, lightweight lithium-ion battery that will be recharged by solar cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924283\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1924283\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio-800x444.jpg\" alt='Depiction of Mars Helicopter flying over Martian terrain, demonstrating a capability for future landers and rovers to \"see over that next ridge\" or reach places inaccessible to ground travel. ' width=\"800\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio-800x444.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio-160x89.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio-768x426.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio-672x372.jpg 672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio-240x133.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio-375x208.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio-520x289.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/marshelio.jpg 818w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Depiction of Mars Helicopter flying over Martian terrain, demonstrating a capability for future landers and rovers to “see over that next ridge” or reach places inaccessible to ground travel. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NASA will test Mars Helicopter’s capabilities over a 30-day period, starting with simple, brief hops and gradually extending the flight distance and duration. The vehicle, once given its commands for a flight, will operate autonomously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The helicopter will spend nights on the ground, using battery-powered heaters to protect its equipment. Then, after the sun comes up the next day, it will recharge its batteries for its next aerial adventure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What will the Mars Helicopter tell us about Mars?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first of its kind, Mars Helicopter is more a test-of-concept project than a dedicated tool of scientific exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the test exercises are successful, the tiny, self-controlled drone will demonstrate the capability for future missions to perform aerial surveillance and to visit places that are hard to get to by ground travel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If mission scientists have sighed at images sent back from Mars thinking, “I wish we could see what’s just over that ridge,” they may soon get their wish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mars 2020 Rover\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Mars Helicopter is hopping about the alien desert blazing a sky-trail for next-generation chopper-bots, the Mars 2020 rover “mothership” will be going about its own mission to search for evidence of past Martian life — regardless of the fate of its flighty companion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924260\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1924260\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-800x350.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of NASA's Mars 2020 rover, which will launch in July 2020 on a mission to search for signs of ancient Martian life in rock samples. \" width=\"800\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-800x350.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-160x70.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-768x336.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-1020x446.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-1200x525.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-1180x516.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-960x420.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-240x105.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-375x164.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753-520x228.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/Mars2020rover-e1511961523753.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of NASA’s Mars 2020 rover, which will launch in July 2020 on a mission to search for signs of ancient Martian life in rock samples. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite the flashy allure of the first extraterrestrial helicopter tour, the real meat of the mission is in the hands of the car-sized rover. Mars 2020 will employ \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170816112715.htm\">techniques for detecting residues\u003c/a> of ancient microbial life that have been developed to study the earliest life on Earth — giving it the potential to make one of the greatest scientific discoveries of all time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, the test-flights of a semi-autonomous flying drone may pave the way to an entirely new paradigm of planetary exploration.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1924248/mars-helicopter-will-buzz-through-the-skies-of-the-red-planet","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28"],"tags":["science_3370","science_5188","science_5179","science_3616","science_3617","science_5175"],"featImg":"science_1924257","label":"source_science_1924248"},"science_1922458":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1922458","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1922458","score":null,"sort":[1523890931000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"there-are-earthquakes-on-mars-wait-theyre-marsquakes","title":"There Are Earthquakes on Mars! Wait ... They're 'Marsquakes'","publishDate":1523890931,"format":"audio","headTitle":"There Are Earthquakes on Mars! Wait … They’re ‘Marsquakes’ | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Scientists are about to measure seismic activity on Mars for the first time. NASA is set to launch the InSight lander as early as May 5, carrying a seismometer to the red planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We can travel across the solar system and do investigations that will give us insight as to how we came to be and how we’re evolving.’\u003ccite>Isabel Hawkins, Exploratorium\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The goal: learning how planets are born. Like Earth, Mars and other rocky planets have a crust, mantle and core. And Mars \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/ucla-scientist-discovers-plate-237303\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has tectonic plates\u003c/a>, too, although fewer than Earth does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earth is like an egg shell, with its surface broken in many small pieces. Over billions of years, these actively shifting tectonic plates have hidden much of our planet’s ancient history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars has fewer breaks in its crust, and the planet’s surface is breaking at a very slow pace. So Mars, at an earlier phase in its geologic evolution, offers the chance to see an infant version of our home planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>InSight, which stands for Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, will spend about six months traveling to Mars. And before InSight heads off on its mission, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory is taking a \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/participate/roadshow/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">model of the lander \u003c/a>on a roadshow. Bay Area residents can catch \u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/calendar/insight-lander-april-18-to-22-2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InSight at the Exploratorium\u003c/a> in San Francisco, April 18-22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922463\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922463\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-800x400.jpg\" alt=\"A map of the red planet.\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-800x400.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-160x80.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-768x384.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-1020x510.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-1200x600.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-1920x960.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-1180x590.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-960x480.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-240x120.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-375x188.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-520x260.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">InSight’s Landing Site: Elysium Planitia. This region is a a flat-smooth plain just north of the equator. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Venton: So, we’re here at the webcast studio at the Exploratorium and there’s going to be a very special visitor here in a few days. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawkins: That’s right, we have the whole team from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena that’s coming to share with us all the excitement of the InSight Lander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Venton: So there will be a model of it here. It has some kind of interesting equipment on it. What do you think is especially important?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”DrCdsukBP1v1bOUuYNzvtwfypJFtMQv7″]Hawkins: There are three scientific instruments aboard the InSight Lander. The one that I’m most excited about is the seismometer, because it will measure quakes on Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Venton: Why do we want to know about earthquakes — not earthquakes, I guess they’re called marsquakes. Why do we want to know about quakes on Mars? I think a lot of people would be surprised to even know that there are quakes that happen in space.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawkins: Yeah, they’re not part of the popular consciousness as evidenced by our stumbling in terms of how we call it, what do we call it. Marsquake, or earthquake, or earthquakes on the moon. I mean it starts to get confusing, but as a matter of fact there are moonquakes, for example, in our own satellite, our own moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Dc-8WOtJPY&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also ioquakes in one of the moons of Jupiter and there have been research studies that have shown that there are plate tectonics, or evidence of plate tectonics, which are the drivers of many earthquakes here on Earth. Also, that another moon of Jupiter, called Europa, has evidence for such plate tectonics. And so we expect seismic activities are also taking place there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Venton: What will a better understanding of marsquakes help us learn about the planet?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawkins: Well, by understanding how the planet is quaking, we can get an idea of how the early solar system was formed and what were those early processes. Not just on Mars, but also on the other terrestrial planets, which are the inner rocky planets of the solar system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922464\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922464\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A space craft in a clean lab.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">InSight receiving finishing touches at Vandenberg Air Force Base in Central California, ahead of its launch, expected May 5, 2018. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Venton: Is Earth one of those?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawkins: Yes, Earth is one of those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Venton: So, will studying quakes on Mars help us understand more about our own planet?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawkins: Yes, definitely by studying the inner layers of Mars and understanding how Mars formed and evolved geologically, that information can provide insights into the other terrestrial planets or the other inner solar system planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”mm580ZuDUuCpjPSC3DyeN7WpNuDa4BxU”]Earth is much more geologically active than Mars, so Mars retains those early fingerprints as to how those processes began a long time ago. And that information has been lost here on Earth, because the planet is so much more active, but Mars still retained that early fingerprint information that’s so necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Venton: So is Mars in this way an earlier version of the Earth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawkins: Yes, that’s a great way of putting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Venton: That is really cool.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawkins: Yeah, it’s really cool that we can actually travel across the solar system and do investigations that will give us insights as to how we came to be and how we’re evolving.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"NASA is sending a robot to Mars to measure quakes for the first time. Scientists hope to learn more about early Earth.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928001,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":839},"headData":{"title":"There Are Earthquakes on Mars! Wait ... They're 'Marsquakes' | KQED","description":"NASA is sending a robot to Mars to measure quakes for the first time. Scientists hope to learn more about early Earth.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"There Are Earthquakes on Mars! Wait ... They're 'Marsquakes'","datePublished":"2018-04-16T15:02:11.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:06:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Astronomy","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/04/VentonMarsquake.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1922458/there-are-earthquakes-on-mars-wait-theyre-marsquakes","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists are about to measure seismic activity on Mars for the first time. NASA is set to launch the InSight lander as early as May 5, carrying a seismometer to the red planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We can travel across the solar system and do investigations that will give us insight as to how we came to be and how we’re evolving.’\u003ccite>Isabel Hawkins, Exploratorium\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The goal: learning how planets are born. Like Earth, Mars and other rocky planets have a crust, mantle and core. And Mars \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/ucla-scientist-discovers-plate-237303\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has tectonic plates\u003c/a>, too, although fewer than Earth does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earth is like an egg shell, with its surface broken in many small pieces. Over billions of years, these actively shifting tectonic plates have hidden much of our planet’s ancient history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars has fewer breaks in its crust, and the planet’s surface is breaking at a very slow pace. So Mars, at an earlier phase in its geologic evolution, offers the chance to see an infant version of our home planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>InSight, which stands for Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, will spend about six months traveling to Mars. And before InSight heads off on its mission, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory is taking a \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/participate/roadshow/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">model of the lander \u003c/a>on a roadshow. Bay Area residents can catch \u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/calendar/insight-lander-april-18-to-22-2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InSight at the Exploratorium\u003c/a> in San Francisco, April 18-22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922463\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922463\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-800x400.jpg\" alt=\"A map of the red planet.\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-800x400.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-160x80.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-768x384.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-1020x510.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-1200x600.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-1920x960.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-1180x590.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-960x480.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-240x120.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-375x188.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/PIA22232-full-520x260.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">InSight’s Landing Site: Elysium Planitia. This region is a a flat-smooth plain just north of the equator. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Venton: So, we’re here at the webcast studio at the Exploratorium and there’s going to be a very special visitor here in a few days. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawkins: That’s right, we have the whole team from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena that’s coming to share with us all the excitement of the InSight Lander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Venton: So there will be a model of it here. It has some kind of interesting equipment on it. What do you think is especially important?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Hawkins: There are three scientific instruments aboard the InSight Lander. The one that I’m most excited about is the seismometer, because it will measure quakes on Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Venton: Why do we want to know about earthquakes — not earthquakes, I guess they’re called marsquakes. Why do we want to know about quakes on Mars? I think a lot of people would be surprised to even know that there are quakes that happen in space.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawkins: Yeah, they’re not part of the popular consciousness as evidenced by our stumbling in terms of how we call it, what do we call it. Marsquake, or earthquake, or earthquakes on the moon. I mean it starts to get confusing, but as a matter of fact there are moonquakes, for example, in our own satellite, our own moon.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/7Dc-8WOtJPY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/7Dc-8WOtJPY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>There are also ioquakes in one of the moons of Jupiter and there have been research studies that have shown that there are plate tectonics, or evidence of plate tectonics, which are the drivers of many earthquakes here on Earth. Also, that another moon of Jupiter, called Europa, has evidence for such plate tectonics. And so we expect seismic activities are also taking place there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Venton: What will a better understanding of marsquakes help us learn about the planet?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawkins: Well, by understanding how the planet is quaking, we can get an idea of how the early solar system was formed and what were those early processes. Not just on Mars, but also on the other terrestrial planets, which are the inner rocky planets of the solar system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1922464\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1922464\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A space craft in a clean lab.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/InterplanetaryLaunch-1280-full.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">InSight receiving finishing touches at Vandenberg Air Force Base in Central California, ahead of its launch, expected May 5, 2018. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Venton: Is Earth one of those?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawkins: Yes, Earth is one of those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Venton: So, will studying quakes on Mars help us understand more about our own planet?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawkins: Yes, definitely by studying the inner layers of Mars and understanding how Mars formed and evolved geologically, that information can provide insights into the other terrestrial planets or the other inner solar system planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Earth is much more geologically active than Mars, so Mars retains those early fingerprints as to how those processes began a long time ago. And that information has been lost here on Earth, because the planet is so much more active, but Mars still retained that early fingerprint information that’s so necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Venton: So is Mars in this way an earlier version of the Earth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawkins: Yes, that’s a great way of putting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Venton: That is really cool.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawkins: Yeah, it’s really cool that we can actually travel across the solar system and do investigations that will give us insights as to how we came to be and how we’re evolving.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1922458/there-are-earthquakes-on-mars-wait-theyre-marsquakes","authors":["11088"],"categories":["science_28","science_3423"],"tags":["science_3370","science_5188","science_5179","science_5175","science_813","science_550","science_577"],"featImg":"science_1922461","label":"source_science_1922458"},"science_1915001":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1915001","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1915001","score":null,"sort":[1504017015000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"40-years-with-the-voyager-spacecraft-earths-most-distant-explorers-are-still-calling-home","title":"40 Years With the Voyager Spacecraft: Earth’s Most Distant Explorers Are Still Calling Home","publishDate":1504017015,"format":"audio","headTitle":"40 Years With the Voyager Spacecraft: Earth’s Most Distant Explorers Are Still Calling Home | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>When NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Voyager 1 and 2\u003c/a> spacecraft left Earth in 1977, they had a mission that was possible only at that very moment in human history. The spacecraft were headed toward two of the outer planets of our solar system, and would use the gravity of one planet to swing themselves toward the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/timeline/#event-a-once-in-a-lifetime-alignment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">alignment\u003c/a> of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune that make this gravity swing dance possible. This alignment happens only once every 176 years, and it happened just at the time when human space technology was ready to meet the challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘None of us knew how long they would last. At the time the space age was only 20 years old.’\u003ccite>Ed Stone, NASA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>When it comes to the \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/news/details.php?article_id=49\">Voyager mission,\u003c/a> the numbers themselves are cosmic. Voyager 1 is 13 billion miles away from Earth, and counting. Voyager 1 and 2 discovered “The Great Dark Spot” on Neptune and the first active volcanoes on another planet — on Jupiter’s moon, Io. In 2012, Voyager 1 passed across the far end of our solar system to give humanity its first taste of \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-278\">interstellar space\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These were not among the outcomes Ed Stone could have imagined when he and his colleagues at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory prepped the two Voyagers for launch in 1977. Their mission was a four-year sortie to Jupiter and Saturn — which at the time seemed plenty ambitious. The moon landing was still a fresh memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now in his 80s, Professor Stone, a physicist and National Medal of Science recipient, \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/news/details.php?article_id=34\">continues to serve as chief scientist\u003c/a> for the program he helped launch. He is also a full-time professor and researcher at Caltech. He spoke with KQED News host Devin Katayama on the occasion of \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/news/details.php?article_id=51\">Voyager’s 40th anniversary\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: Professor Stone, you were in your early forties when Voyager 1 and 2 launched into space. What was the original goal of that mission?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”yXuyMK6hQ5u1hDrzZYCw6oNaNoQkfCrz”]Stone: The original goal was a four-year mission to Jupiter and Saturn and Titan, a moon of Saturn. And we had two spacecraft to give us a higher probability of having at least one making it on that four-year journey to Saturn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: So did you ever think the Voyager spacecrafts would last this long?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: None of us knew how long they would last. At the time the space age was only 20 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: So, 40 years later, what are some of the most important planetary discoveries to date, thanks to the Voyager mission?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: Well, we discovered that nature is much more diverse than we could have imagined. For instance, before Voyager, the only known active volcanoes were here on Earth. And then we found a moon of Jupiter called Io, about the size of our moon, which has ten times more volcanic activity than Earth. So time after time, we’ve discovered that our ‘terracentric’ view of planets and magnetic fields and moons and rings was much too limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: People working in the field might not be surprised to discover how expansive space could be, but has it changed our understanding of the universe?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: We now understand that when bodies form, there are processes by which they can maintain a very active geological life, just as the Earth does. And the way that happens depends on the exact circumstances. So each moon seems to be quite distinct in character.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: NASA put a message on Voyager for other civilizations in outer space that might one day find it — \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/\">The Golden Record\u003c/a>. What was the thinking behind that?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: It was a form of outreach. It was a declaration that we as a society here on Earth could actually send such a message, which would leave the sun, the solar system, and orbit the center of the Milky Way galaxy for billions of years, long after Earth itself may have ceased to exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915015\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1915015\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-800x1005.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1005\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-800x1005.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-160x201.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-768x964.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-1020x1281.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-1180x1482.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-960x1205.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-240x301.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-375x471.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-520x653.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k.jpg 1631w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Golden Record is carried on board the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecrafts. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: Can you share with us what that message was?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: There were several messages: \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/whats-on-the-record/greetings/\">greetings from different languages \u003c/a>on Earth, messages from different cultures, \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/whats-on-the-record/images/\">images \u003c/a>of various aspects of Earth. The whole idea was to make this a time capsule, or what I call a calling card: the ambassadors Earth has sent to the Milky Way galaxy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: I’m curious whether you had any say in what that messaging was.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: The messaging was really determined by Carl Sagan and a small group that he put together. They did this basically over a 6-month period before launch, and it was done independently of what we were all doing, getting ready for launch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: I’m curious whether there are any questions you were hoping would be answered by Voyager that have not been answered.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: I think what Voyager has done is inform us well enough to know what interesting questions to ask now. For instance, before Voyager, the only known liquid water was here on Earth, in the ocean. Then we flew by Europa, another moon of Jupiter, which has an icy crust on it which is cracked — very much like ice on an ocean. In fact, that’s what a subsequent mission, Galileo, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA00578\">has shown\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1915016\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-800x634.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"634\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-800x634.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-160x127.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-768x609.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-1020x808.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-1920x1521.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-1180x935.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-960x761.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-240x190.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-375x297.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-520x412.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">Katayama: The Voyager spacecraft are steadily losing power, and I saw a prediction that NASA will have to turn off all the equipment by 2030. What do you think should come next in terms of probing interstellar space? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: The next step is exploring the heliosphere itself, which is the huge bubble that Voyager left in August 2012. That is going to be done by a mission here on Earth which looks at neutral atoms coming from the outer edges of the heliosphere and from the interstellar medium beyond. That mission is now being launched in 2024. It would be the next stage in understanding the heliospheric bubble that protects all the planets in the solar system, and its interaction with the winds of the other stars as it occurs in interstellar space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: What are the biggest questions about the heliosphere that we need to understand?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: We need to understand the size of \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/news/details.php?article_id=14\">the heliosphere,\u003c/a> because it breathes in and out with the 11-year solar cycle. But it will also change size as the material outside in interstellar space changes over a much longer time scale. So it’s understanding how\u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/news/details.php?article_id=32\"> our solar bubble,\u003c/a> which envelops the Earth, interacts and changes as what’s in interstellar space also changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: What does communication between us here on Earth and the Voyager spacecraft look like?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: We listen 24 hours a day; the spacecraft each have a 21-watt transmitter. We get a very slow data rate — it’s 160 bits per second, which is the best we can get from 13 billion miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: What’s it been like having a hand in such an important mission, and having spent most of your career with Voyager?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: It’s been a remarkable journey. Science is about learning about nature — why it’s there, why it is the way it is. And Voyager has been an overwhelming success in terms of scientific endeavor. But even more than that, the thing that’s wonderful about Voyager is it’s remarkably inspiring to many people, and that’s of great value as well. It turned out to be a very effective way of involving the greater public in the journey, which is a scientific journey of discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Want more Voyager action? Check out ‘The Farthest,’ a new full-length film from PBS. You can \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/the-farthest/home/\">live-stream it here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Billions of years from now, when Earth is gone, Voyager 1 and 2 will still be drifting through space bearing witness to human civilization. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928407,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1323},"headData":{"title":"40 Years With the Voyager Spacecraft: Earth’s Most Distant Explorers Are Still Calling Home | KQED","description":"Billions of years from now, when Earth is gone, Voyager 1 and 2 will still be drifting through space bearing witness to human civilization. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"40 Years With the Voyager Spacecraft: Earth’s Most Distant Explorers Are Still Calling Home","datePublished":"2017-08-29T14:30:15.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:13:27.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/08/001292f6.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1915001/40-years-with-the-voyager-spacecraft-earths-most-distant-explorers-are-still-calling-home","audioDuration":244000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Voyager 1 and 2\u003c/a> spacecraft left Earth in 1977, they had a mission that was possible only at that very moment in human history. The spacecraft were headed toward two of the outer planets of our solar system, and would use the gravity of one planet to swing themselves toward the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/timeline/#event-a-once-in-a-lifetime-alignment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">alignment\u003c/a> of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune that make this gravity swing dance possible. This alignment happens only once every 176 years, and it happened just at the time when human space technology was ready to meet the challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘None of us knew how long they would last. At the time the space age was only 20 years old.’\u003ccite>Ed Stone, NASA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>When it comes to the \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/news/details.php?article_id=49\">Voyager mission,\u003c/a> the numbers themselves are cosmic. Voyager 1 is 13 billion miles away from Earth, and counting. Voyager 1 and 2 discovered “The Great Dark Spot” on Neptune and the first active volcanoes on another planet — on Jupiter’s moon, Io. In 2012, Voyager 1 passed across the far end of our solar system to give humanity its first taste of \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-278\">interstellar space\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These were not among the outcomes Ed Stone could have imagined when he and his colleagues at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory prepped the two Voyagers for launch in 1977. Their mission was a four-year sortie to Jupiter and Saturn — which at the time seemed plenty ambitious. The moon landing was still a fresh memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now in his 80s, Professor Stone, a physicist and National Medal of Science recipient, \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/news/details.php?article_id=34\">continues to serve as chief scientist\u003c/a> for the program he helped launch. He is also a full-time professor and researcher at Caltech. He spoke with KQED News host Devin Katayama on the occasion of \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/news/details.php?article_id=51\">Voyager’s 40th anniversary\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: Professor Stone, you were in your early forties when Voyager 1 and 2 launched into space. What was the original goal of that mission?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Stone: The original goal was a four-year mission to Jupiter and Saturn and Titan, a moon of Saturn. And we had two spacecraft to give us a higher probability of having at least one making it on that four-year journey to Saturn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: So did you ever think the Voyager spacecrafts would last this long?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: None of us knew how long they would last. At the time the space age was only 20 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: So, 40 years later, what are some of the most important planetary discoveries to date, thanks to the Voyager mission?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: Well, we discovered that nature is much more diverse than we could have imagined. For instance, before Voyager, the only known active volcanoes were here on Earth. And then we found a moon of Jupiter called Io, about the size of our moon, which has ten times more volcanic activity than Earth. So time after time, we’ve discovered that our ‘terracentric’ view of planets and magnetic fields and moons and rings was much too limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: People working in the field might not be surprised to discover how expansive space could be, but has it changed our understanding of the universe?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: We now understand that when bodies form, there are processes by which they can maintain a very active geological life, just as the Earth does. And the way that happens depends on the exact circumstances. So each moon seems to be quite distinct in character.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: NASA put a message on Voyager for other civilizations in outer space that might one day find it — \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/\">The Golden Record\u003c/a>. What was the thinking behind that?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: It was a form of outreach. It was a declaration that we as a society here on Earth could actually send such a message, which would leave the sun, the solar system, and orbit the center of the Milky Way galaxy for billions of years, long after Earth itself may have ceased to exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915015\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1915015\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-800x1005.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1005\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-800x1005.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-160x201.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-768x964.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-1020x1281.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-1180x1482.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-960x1205.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-240x301.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-375x471.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k-520x653.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/9460968034_20aaaf8d87_k.jpg 1631w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Golden Record is carried on board the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecrafts. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: Can you share with us what that message was?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: There were several messages: \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/whats-on-the-record/greetings/\">greetings from different languages \u003c/a>on Earth, messages from different cultures, \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/whats-on-the-record/images/\">images \u003c/a>of various aspects of Earth. The whole idea was to make this a time capsule, or what I call a calling card: the ambassadors Earth has sent to the Milky Way galaxy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: I’m curious whether you had any say in what that messaging was.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: The messaging was really determined by Carl Sagan and a small group that he put together. They did this basically over a 6-month period before launch, and it was done independently of what we were all doing, getting ready for launch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: I’m curious whether there are any questions you were hoping would be answered by Voyager that have not been answered.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: I think what Voyager has done is inform us well enough to know what interesting questions to ask now. For instance, before Voyager, the only known liquid water was here on Earth, in the ocean. Then we flew by Europa, another moon of Jupiter, which has an icy crust on it which is cracked — very much like ice on an ocean. In fact, that’s what a subsequent mission, Galileo, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA00578\">has shown\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1915016\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-800x634.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"634\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-800x634.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-160x127.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-768x609.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-1020x808.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-1920x1521.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-1180x935.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-960x761.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-240x190.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-375x297.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/PIA21478-520x412.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">Katayama: The Voyager spacecraft are steadily losing power, and I saw a prediction that NASA will have to turn off all the equipment by 2030. What do you think should come next in terms of probing interstellar space? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: The next step is exploring the heliosphere itself, which is the huge bubble that Voyager left in August 2012. That is going to be done by a mission here on Earth which looks at neutral atoms coming from the outer edges of the heliosphere and from the interstellar medium beyond. That mission is now being launched in 2024. It would be the next stage in understanding the heliospheric bubble that protects all the planets in the solar system, and its interaction with the winds of the other stars as it occurs in interstellar space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: What are the biggest questions about the heliosphere that we need to understand?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: We need to understand the size of \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/news/details.php?article_id=14\">the heliosphere,\u003c/a> because it breathes in and out with the 11-year solar cycle. But it will also change size as the material outside in interstellar space changes over a much longer time scale. So it’s understanding how\u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/news/details.php?article_id=32\"> our solar bubble,\u003c/a> which envelops the Earth, interacts and changes as what’s in interstellar space also changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: What does communication between us here on Earth and the Voyager spacecraft look like?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: We listen 24 hours a day; the spacecraft each have a 21-watt transmitter. We get a very slow data rate — it’s 160 bits per second, which is the best we can get from 13 billion miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katayama: What’s it been like having a hand in such an important mission, and having spent most of your career with Voyager?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone: It’s been a remarkable journey. Science is about learning about nature — why it’s there, why it is the way it is. And Voyager has been an overwhelming success in terms of scientific endeavor. But even more than that, the thing that’s wonderful about Voyager is it’s remarkably inspiring to many people, and that’s of great value as well. It turned out to be a very effective way of involving the greater public in the journey, which is a scientific journey of discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Want more Voyager action? Check out ‘The Farthest,’ a new full-length film from PBS. You can \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/the-farthest/home/\">live-stream it here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1915001/40-years-with-the-voyager-spacecraft-earths-most-distant-explorers-are-still-calling-home","authors":["8664"],"categories":["science_28","science_40","science_3423"],"tags":["science_3370","science_3419","science_5188","science_5175","science_1028"],"featImg":"science_1915018","label":"science"},"science_860391":{"type":"posts","id":"science_860391","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"860391","score":null,"sort":[1469192414000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"finally-nasas-rover-2020-will-look-for-life-on-mars","title":"Finally! NASA’s Mars 2020 Rover Will Look for Life on the Red Planet","publishDate":1469192414,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Finally! NASA’s Mars 2020 Rover Will Look for Life on the Red Planet | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>NASA’s next robot to crawl across the surface of Mars — the Mars 2020 rover — recently crossed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6569&utm_source=iContact&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=NASAJPL&utm_content=daily20160715-2\">major milestone\u003c/a> when it received approval to launch in the summer of 2020, for a February 2021 landing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like its predecessor \u003ca href=\"http://mars.nasa.gov/msl/\">Curiosity\u003c/a>, which is currently exploring the slopes of Mount Sharp in Gale Crater, \u003ca href=\"http://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">Mars 2020\u003c/a> is a six-wheeled nuclear-powered rover that will land on Mars using a rocket-driven “sky crane” system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Curiosity, whose mission is to assess Mars’ past geologic history and the role water played in it, Mars 2020 is focused on a search for that thing we’ve all been waiting to hear news of: actual signs of past Martian life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_860395\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-860395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/roverinstruments.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration showing the suite of scientific instruments carried by the Mars 2020 rover.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/roverinstruments.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/roverinstruments-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/roverinstruments-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/roverinstruments-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/roverinstruments-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration showing the suite of scientific instruments carried by the Mars 2020 rover. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Chances of Finding Signs of Martian Life?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Searching for evidence of life on Mars is not unlike prospecting for gold: it’s not easy to find, but you improve your chances of success by choosing the right region to explore, and then deciding the best spots to dig in. Just like a skilled prospector using eyes, ears, nose, tongue and all the experience earned on earlier expeditions, Mars 2020 is designed to maximize the chance of hitting pay dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though it will be deposited on the Martian surface using the same rocket-powered “sky crane” as Curiosity, improvements in operational technique and equipment will allow Mars 2020 to set down with about twice the precision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This opens up a much wider variety of terrains where it may land in relative safety. And if there’s one thing that missions to Mars have shown us over the past forty years, it’s that the most interesting places to explore are some of the most challenging to negotiate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_860397\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-860397\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/skycrane.jpg\" alt='Mars 2020 and Curiosity both employ a rocket-driven \"sky crane\" system to land on Mars. ' width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/skycrane.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/skycrane-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/skycrane-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/skycrane-768x431.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/skycrane-960x539.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mars 2020 and Curiosity both employ a rocket-driven “sky crane” system to land on Mars. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once on the ground, Mars 2020 will use a suite of advanced instruments. A high-resolution imager and spectroscopic analyzers will record chemistry and physical structures at a distance. This allows scientists back on Earth to make more educated decisions on where to send the rover for close-up inspection and digging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Curiosity, Mars 2020 will be able to collect and analyze rock and soil samples in its small on-board laboratory. However its onboard equipment is designed to look for residues of life activity, not just water action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Mars 2020 carries airtight tubes to store rock and soil samples. Up to thirty of these containers will be deposited at designated locations for future possible missions to collect and return to Earth for full laboratory analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars 2020 also carries weather-measuring instruments, a rock-coring drill, and a feature never before used on another planet: ground-penetrating radar that will let it analyze sub-surface geologic structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_860396\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-860396\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/laserspec.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration of the Mars 2020 rover using its remote analysis laser/spectroscope system to study rock chemistry. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"687\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/laserspec.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/laserspec-400x268.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/laserspec-800x537.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/laserspec-768x515.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/laserspec-960x644.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration of the Mars 2020 rover using its remote analysis laser/spectroscope system to study rock chemistry. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The hopeful child in me envisions an opening scene from Jurassic Park, when ground-penetrating sonic vibrations were used to produce a sonogram of a dinosaur skeleton…though the adult in me says that’s way too much to expect!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars 2020 will also put an ear to the Martian environment, using a microphone system to record sounds from Mars’ surface, something we’ve never done before. The 2008 \u003ca href=\"http://phoenix.lpl.arizona.edu/index.php\">Phoenix \u003c/a>lander was intended to capture sounds during the probe’s descent, but the microphone was never enabled due to landing safety concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Is the Search for Martian Life Taking So Long?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2021 seems like a long time to wait, especially since the Mars 2020 mission will be focused on looking for life-signs on an alien world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s important to keep in mind that exploring a distant world via remote control is not an easy thing to do. Each mission peels off another layer of Martian mystery, and gives us more information to use in deciding where to send the next mission, and what to look for when it gets there. This process takes time, especially considering that launch windows to Mars occur only every two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put into perspective, within my own lifetime we’ve gone from knowing practically nothing about Mars to understanding our neighbor as perhaps a previously Earthlike planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A life-friendly environment means there may have been plenty of opportunities for little Martian microbes to show up and thrive. And, the hopeful child and sober adult in me both expect, within my lifetime we’ll find them.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"NASA's next robot to crawl across the surface of Mars was recently approved for a 2020 launch.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929882,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":804},"headData":{"title":"Finally! NASA’s Mars 2020 Rover Will Look for Life on the Red Planet | KQED","description":"NASA's next robot to crawl across the surface of Mars was recently approved for a 2020 launch.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Finally! NASA’s Mars 2020 Rover Will Look for Life on the Red Planet","datePublished":"2016-07-22T13:00:14.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:38:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/860391/finally-nasas-rover-2020-will-look-for-life-on-mars","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>NASA’s next robot to crawl across the surface of Mars — the Mars 2020 rover — recently crossed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6569&utm_source=iContact&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=NASAJPL&utm_content=daily20160715-2\">major milestone\u003c/a> when it received approval to launch in the summer of 2020, for a February 2021 landing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like its predecessor \u003ca href=\"http://mars.nasa.gov/msl/\">Curiosity\u003c/a>, which is currently exploring the slopes of Mount Sharp in Gale Crater, \u003ca href=\"http://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">Mars 2020\u003c/a> is a six-wheeled nuclear-powered rover that will land on Mars using a rocket-driven “sky crane” system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Curiosity, whose mission is to assess Mars’ past geologic history and the role water played in it, Mars 2020 is focused on a search for that thing we’ve all been waiting to hear news of: actual signs of past Martian life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_860395\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-860395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/roverinstruments.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration showing the suite of scientific instruments carried by the Mars 2020 rover.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/roverinstruments.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/roverinstruments-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/roverinstruments-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/roverinstruments-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/roverinstruments-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration showing the suite of scientific instruments carried by the Mars 2020 rover. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Chances of Finding Signs of Martian Life?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Searching for evidence of life on Mars is not unlike prospecting for gold: it’s not easy to find, but you improve your chances of success by choosing the right region to explore, and then deciding the best spots to dig in. Just like a skilled prospector using eyes, ears, nose, tongue and all the experience earned on earlier expeditions, Mars 2020 is designed to maximize the chance of hitting pay dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though it will be deposited on the Martian surface using the same rocket-powered “sky crane” as Curiosity, improvements in operational technique and equipment will allow Mars 2020 to set down with about twice the precision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This opens up a much wider variety of terrains where it may land in relative safety. And if there’s one thing that missions to Mars have shown us over the past forty years, it’s that the most interesting places to explore are some of the most challenging to negotiate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_860397\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-860397\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/skycrane.jpg\" alt='Mars 2020 and Curiosity both employ a rocket-driven \"sky crane\" system to land on Mars. ' width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/skycrane.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/skycrane-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/skycrane-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/skycrane-768x431.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/skycrane-960x539.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mars 2020 and Curiosity both employ a rocket-driven “sky crane” system to land on Mars. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Once on the ground, Mars 2020 will use a suite of advanced instruments. A high-resolution imager and spectroscopic analyzers will record chemistry and physical structures at a distance. This allows scientists back on Earth to make more educated decisions on where to send the rover for close-up inspection and digging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Curiosity, Mars 2020 will be able to collect and analyze rock and soil samples in its small on-board laboratory. However its onboard equipment is designed to look for residues of life activity, not just water action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Mars 2020 carries airtight tubes to store rock and soil samples. Up to thirty of these containers will be deposited at designated locations for future possible missions to collect and return to Earth for full laboratory analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars 2020 also carries weather-measuring instruments, a rock-coring drill, and a feature never before used on another planet: ground-penetrating radar that will let it analyze sub-surface geologic structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_860396\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-860396\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/laserspec.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration of the Mars 2020 rover using its remote analysis laser/spectroscope system to study rock chemistry. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"687\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/laserspec.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/laserspec-400x268.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/laserspec-800x537.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/laserspec-768x515.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/laserspec-960x644.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illustration of the Mars 2020 rover using its remote analysis laser/spectroscope system to study rock chemistry. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The hopeful child in me envisions an opening scene from Jurassic Park, when ground-penetrating sonic vibrations were used to produce a sonogram of a dinosaur skeleton…though the adult in me says that’s way too much to expect!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars 2020 will also put an ear to the Martian environment, using a microphone system to record sounds from Mars’ surface, something we’ve never done before. The 2008 \u003ca href=\"http://phoenix.lpl.arizona.edu/index.php\">Phoenix \u003c/a>lander was intended to capture sounds during the probe’s descent, but the microphone was never enabled due to landing safety concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Is the Search for Martian Life Taking So Long?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2021 seems like a long time to wait, especially since the Mars 2020 mission will be focused on looking for life-signs on an alien world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s important to keep in mind that exploring a distant world via remote control is not an easy thing to do. Each mission peels off another layer of Martian mystery, and gives us more information to use in deciding where to send the next mission, and what to look for when it gets there. This process takes time, especially considering that launch windows to Mars occur only every two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put into perspective, within my own lifetime we’ve gone from knowing practically nothing about Mars to understanding our neighbor as perhaps a previously Earthlike planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A life-friendly environment means there may have been plenty of opportunities for little Martian microbes to show up and thrive. And, the hopeful child and sober adult in me both expect, within my lifetime we’ll find them.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/860391/finally-nasas-rover-2020-will-look-for-life-on-mars","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28","science_40"],"tags":["science_5188","science_5179","science_5175"],"featImg":"science_860394","label":"science"},"science_18803":{"type":"posts","id":"science_18803","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"18803","score":null,"sort":[1404159051000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"carbon-tracking-satellite-will-monitor-earths-breathing","title":"Carbon-Tracking Satellite Will Monitor Earth's 'Breathing'","publishDate":1404159051,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Carbon-Tracking Satellite Will Monitor Earth’s ‘Breathing’ | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/OCO-2_PIA18374_ip.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18811\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/OCO-2_PIA18374_ip.jpeg\" alt=\"Artist's conception of the OCO-2 satellite in orbit. Scientists hope it will yield the most precise picture yet of Earth's carbon cycle. (NASA-JPL)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist’s conception of the OCO-2 satellite in orbit. Scientists hope it will yield the most precise picture yet of Earth’s carbon cycle. (NASA-JPL)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It took five years, two launch vehicles and more than a half-billion dollars, but NASA scientists have at last attained their goal of putting a satellite in orbit that will help track carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, oceans and forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the first attempt five years ago, the first Orbiting Carbon Observatory \u003ca title=\"Spaceflight Now - post\" href=\"http://www.spaceflightnow.com/taurus/oco/failure.html\">never made it into orbit\u003c/a>. A piece of the nose cone designed to protect the satellite during launch never separated. Burdened with the extra weight, the satellite crashed into the ocean somewhere near Antarctica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday morning, NASA tried another launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base on California’s Central Coast. This one, \u003ca title=\"NASA - OCO-2 overview\" href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/oco2/overview/#.U7GW2C92elI\">dubbed OCO-2\u003c/a>, is riding a different launch vehicle and has a few tricks that the original OCO lacked. But with less than a minute to go, the scheduled 2:56 a.m. launch was scrubbed by a disruption in the water supply to the launch pad. NASA and contractor United Launch Alliance made another attempt on Wednesday morning that was successful. “Initial telemetry shows the spacecraft is in excellent condition,” NASA said in a post-launch release. They had only a 30-second launch window each day, in order to place the satellite exactly where it needs to be in orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18898\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/IMG_4655.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18898\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/IMG_4655.jpg\" alt=\"The service tower rolls back from the Delta II rocket that will carry the Oribiting Carbon Observatory into space. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The service tower at Vandenberg Air Force Base rolls back from the Delta II rocket that will carry the Orbiting Carbon Observatory into space. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like the original, OCO-2 is designed to circle the Earth from pole to pole, mapping CO2 behavior on a grid similar to the globe’s lines of longitude. CO2 molecules absorb light according to their own unique pattern, so \u003ca title=\"NASA - OCO-2 instuments\" href=\"https://oco.jpl.nasa.gov/observatory/instrument/#\">onboard instruments\u003c/a> will break down reflected sunlight into spectral colors to measure atmospheric carbon with unprecedented precision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, the $465 million satellite is designed to track the way CO2 is absorbed by earthbound carbon sinks such as plant life and how it’s released by man-made and natural sources. Scientists say this will yield an accurate mosaic of the planet’s “breathing,” which will allow better forecasts of the buildup of greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming and climate disruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The science is absolutely important,” said Mike Freilich, from a spot overlooking the launch pad on Monday. Freilich heads the Earth Science Division at NASA. “Understanding the naturally distributed sources and sinks of carbon — what the processes are in the ocean, what the processes are on land, is critical for us to be able to understand how the Earth will be able to evolve going in to the future with the 36 gigatons of carbon per year that we put in.” Then he added, “I think it’s a testament to the percieved importance of this mission that we got a second chance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OCO-2 will even be able to detect the tiny amount of heat and light emitted by plants during photosynthesis, which mission scientists say is another useful measure of carbon dioxide uptake. It could lead to much improved forecasts for crop yields, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s amazing what you can see from 438 miles up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uP_fqEfYWg\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The data could yield a much more precise picture of how accumulating greenhouse gases will affect the planet.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933409,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":571},"headData":{"title":"Carbon-Tracking Satellite Will Monitor Earth's 'Breathing' | KQED","description":"The data could yield a much more precise picture of how accumulating greenhouse gases will affect the planet.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Carbon-Tracking Satellite Will Monitor Earth's 'Breathing'","datePublished":"2014-06-30T20:10:51.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:36:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/18803/carbon-tracking-satellite-will-monitor-earths-breathing","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/OCO-2_PIA18374_ip.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18811\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/OCO-2_PIA18374_ip.jpeg\" alt=\"Artist's conception of the OCO-2 satellite in orbit. Scientists hope it will yield the most precise picture yet of Earth's carbon cycle. (NASA-JPL)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist’s conception of the OCO-2 satellite in orbit. Scientists hope it will yield the most precise picture yet of Earth’s carbon cycle. (NASA-JPL)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It took five years, two launch vehicles and more than a half-billion dollars, but NASA scientists have at last attained their goal of putting a satellite in orbit that will help track carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, oceans and forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the first attempt five years ago, the first Orbiting Carbon Observatory \u003ca title=\"Spaceflight Now - post\" href=\"http://www.spaceflightnow.com/taurus/oco/failure.html\">never made it into orbit\u003c/a>. A piece of the nose cone designed to protect the satellite during launch never separated. Burdened with the extra weight, the satellite crashed into the ocean somewhere near Antarctica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday morning, NASA tried another launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base on California’s Central Coast. This one, \u003ca title=\"NASA - OCO-2 overview\" href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/oco2/overview/#.U7GW2C92elI\">dubbed OCO-2\u003c/a>, is riding a different launch vehicle and has a few tricks that the original OCO lacked. But with less than a minute to go, the scheduled 2:56 a.m. launch was scrubbed by a disruption in the water supply to the launch pad. NASA and contractor United Launch Alliance made another attempt on Wednesday morning that was successful. “Initial telemetry shows the spacecraft is in excellent condition,” NASA said in a post-launch release. They had only a 30-second launch window each day, in order to place the satellite exactly where it needs to be in orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18898\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/IMG_4655.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18898\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/IMG_4655.jpg\" alt=\"The service tower rolls back from the Delta II rocket that will carry the Oribiting Carbon Observatory into space. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The service tower at Vandenberg Air Force Base rolls back from the Delta II rocket that will carry the Orbiting Carbon Observatory into space. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like the original, OCO-2 is designed to circle the Earth from pole to pole, mapping CO2 behavior on a grid similar to the globe’s lines of longitude. CO2 molecules absorb light according to their own unique pattern, so \u003ca title=\"NASA - OCO-2 instuments\" href=\"https://oco.jpl.nasa.gov/observatory/instrument/#\">onboard instruments\u003c/a> will break down reflected sunlight into spectral colors to measure atmospheric carbon with unprecedented precision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, the $465 million satellite is designed to track the way CO2 is absorbed by earthbound carbon sinks such as plant life and how it’s released by man-made and natural sources. Scientists say this will yield an accurate mosaic of the planet’s “breathing,” which will allow better forecasts of the buildup of greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming and climate disruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The science is absolutely important,” said Mike Freilich, from a spot overlooking the launch pad on Monday. Freilich heads the Earth Science Division at NASA. “Understanding the naturally distributed sources and sinks of carbon — what the processes are in the ocean, what the processes are on land, is critical for us to be able to understand how the Earth will be able to evolve going in to the future with the 36 gigatons of carbon per year that we put in.” Then he added, “I think it’s a testament to the percieved importance of this mission that we got a second chance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OCO-2 will even be able to detect the tiny amount of heat and light emitted by plants during photosynthesis, which mission scientists say is another useful measure of carbon dioxide uptake. It could lead to much improved forecasts for crop yields, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s amazing what you can see from 438 miles up.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/-uP_fqEfYWg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/-uP_fqEfYWg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/18803/carbon-tracking-satellite-will-monitor-earths-breathing","authors":["221"],"categories":["science_28","science_29","science_89","science_35","science_40","science_43"],"tags":["science_1404","science_556","science_306","science_5188","science_5175"],"label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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