Cheat the Coronavirus This Weekend: Bay Area City Nature Challenge a Great Activity Even Indoors
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For San Francisco Bone Collector, Skulls Are a Lifelong Love Affair
Hikers Use Smartphones to Capture Fire Recovery on Mt. Diablo
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The\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://citynaturechallenge.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> City Nature Challenge 2020\u003c/span>\u003c/a> will hold its fifth annual event April 24-27, and all you need is a camera and an internet connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Our goals are to connect people to their urban nature and to gather really important biodiversity data about cities and the areas that surround cities,” said Rebecca Johnson, the co-director of citizen science at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Think of it as a snapshot in time of some of the biodiversity where you live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]Last year, a Bay Area resident snapped a photo that was the first record of a particular species in 80 years.[/pullquote]Citizen science projects allow members of the general public to participate in scientific research and discovery. Organized by the California Academy of Sciences and the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, \u003cspan class=\"s1\">City Nature Challenge 2020\u003c/span> will bring together people from more than 200 cities around the world to document the living things around them on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">iNaturalist \u003c/span>\u003c/a>app. All you have to do is take a picture of an organism you see, like a bug or flower, and upload it through the app or online. That will submit the information to an open access database used by research in fields like biology, ecology and conservation and connect you with experts who can help identify what you saw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Participating as a citizen scientist in this challenge has real benefits for biological research and conservation, says Johnson. In last year’s event, a participant from the Bay Area photographed a woodlouse (also called a roly poly or pill bug). Little did she know that the species she documented hadn’t been seen in the Bay Area since the 1930s. Scientists had worried it might have gone extinct, but thanks to the sighting by a member of the public, its survival was confirmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Her picture of it was the first record of that species in 80 years,” said Johnson. “And that was just her turning over a log, taking a picture, and another expert being online to identify it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.gbif.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Global Biodiversity Information Facility\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, iNaturalist observations \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">— \u003c/span>more than 35,000,000 to date \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">—\u003c/span> have contributed to almost 500 peer-reviewed articles. This weekend will be an opportunity to support that effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>What You Can Do\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In past years, the City Nature Challenge gathered people together in parks and public lands to take pictures of everything from moss to birds. And it was a competition to see which city could make the most observations, document the most species, and recruit the most participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But not this time. Now, organizers just want people to appreciate the natural world where they can. Though gatherings in parks and public lands are not possible because of the novel coronavirus, Johnson says people following their local public health guidelines can still participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“iNaturalist is best for wild things,” she explains. That includes commonly overlooked creatures like house centipedes or the weeds growing out of a crack in the concrete. For example, this year’s list of most-wanted sightings in San Francisco includes crickets. Though there are multiple native cricket species living in the city, there are only 10 confirmed observations in the database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">While you may think you have to go outside to find plants or animals to document, Johnson says photos taken from your window are useful. And if you can’t quite get a shot of that bird you see at the feeder, no worries! Record the sound of its call and upload that instead. You just need concrete evidence to help experts confirm your observation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">If going outside is not an option, the Academy’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/never-home-alone-the-wild-life-of-homes\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Never Home Alone\u003c/span>\u003c/a> project specifically looks for the critters living with us indoors. Johnson says that in a typical house, there could be up to 93 species of insects “like beetles or things that don’t hurt you, but just live associated with humans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">She suggests looking in the nooks and crannies of your house, such as around the sink or under the bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Take pictures of those things that are actually right under your nose or above your head normally,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">This is an activity especially suitable for children, Johnson says. “Kids are really good finders of things, if they’re given permission to explore and be curious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">And it’s a great way for grown ups to experience nature, too. It’s important, she says, “for adults to give ourselves permission… to be curious and to look around and have those moments of wonder and awe about things that we don’t know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Though you can log observations in iNaturalist throughout the year, the City Nature Challenge is an opportunity to participate in a global community of citizen scientists in real time. People everywhere are sheltering in place, says Johnson. “But we’re going out where we can and still trying to celebrate nature around us and share that. Even though we’re apart, we’re doing it together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">So this weekend, consider a trip to your backyard or under your sink to snap a picture of the nature around you. Even if you’ve seen that plant a million times before, or you think that bug is too creepy, there’s a chance you’ve found something new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">All the observations will be identified and tallied by the community between April 28 and May 3, with results announced May 4.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\n\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The City Nature Challenge 2020 this weekend gives kids and their grownups a chance to celebrate nature and participate in citizen science while still adhering to social distancing guidelines. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847531,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":969},"headData":{"title":"Cheat the Coronavirus This Weekend: Bay Area City Nature Challenge a Great Activity Even Indoors | KQED","description":"The City Nature Challenge 2020 this weekend gives kids and their grownups a chance to celebrate nature and participate in citizen science while still adhering to social distancing guidelines. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Cheat the Coronavirus This Weekend: Bay Area City Nature Challenge a Great Activity Even Indoors","datePublished":"2020-04-24T18:28:05.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:45:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Citizen Science","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Ariana Remmel ","path":"/science/1962919/cheat-the-coronavirus-this-weekend-city-nature-challenge-a-great-activity-even-indoors","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">Even though we still have to follow public health guidelines and practice \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/social-distancing.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">social distancing,\u003c/span>\u003c/a> there are still ways to celebrate nature \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">from your home or close to it. The\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://citynaturechallenge.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> City Nature Challenge 2020\u003c/span>\u003c/a> will hold its fifth annual event April 24-27, and all you need is a camera and an internet connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Our goals are to connect people to their urban nature and to gather really important biodiversity data about cities and the areas that surround cities,” said Rebecca Johnson, the co-director of citizen science at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Think of it as a snapshot in time of some of the biodiversity where you live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"Last year, a Bay Area resident snapped a photo that was the first record of a particular species in 80 years.","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Citizen science projects allow members of the general public to participate in scientific research and discovery. Organized by the California Academy of Sciences and the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, \u003cspan class=\"s1\">City Nature Challenge 2020\u003c/span> will bring together people from more than 200 cities around the world to document the living things around them on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">iNaturalist \u003c/span>\u003c/a>app. All you have to do is take a picture of an organism you see, like a bug or flower, and upload it through the app or online. That will submit the information to an open access database used by research in fields like biology, ecology and conservation and connect you with experts who can help identify what you saw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Participating as a citizen scientist in this challenge has real benefits for biological research and conservation, says Johnson. In last year’s event, a participant from the Bay Area photographed a woodlouse (also called a roly poly or pill bug). Little did she know that the species she documented hadn’t been seen in the Bay Area since the 1930s. Scientists had worried it might have gone extinct, but thanks to the sighting by a member of the public, its survival was confirmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Her picture of it was the first record of that species in 80 years,” said Johnson. “And that was just her turning over a log, taking a picture, and another expert being online to identify it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.gbif.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Global Biodiversity Information Facility\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, iNaturalist observations \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">— \u003c/span>more than 35,000,000 to date \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">—\u003c/span> have contributed to almost 500 peer-reviewed articles. This weekend will be an opportunity to support that effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>What You Can Do\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In past years, the City Nature Challenge gathered people together in parks and public lands to take pictures of everything from moss to birds. And it was a competition to see which city could make the most observations, document the most species, and recruit the most participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But not this time. Now, organizers just want people to appreciate the natural world where they can. Though gatherings in parks and public lands are not possible because of the novel coronavirus, Johnson says people following their local public health guidelines can still participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“iNaturalist is best for wild things,” she explains. That includes commonly overlooked creatures like house centipedes or the weeds growing out of a crack in the concrete. For example, this year’s list of most-wanted sightings in San Francisco includes crickets. Though there are multiple native cricket species living in the city, there are only 10 confirmed observations in the database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">While you may think you have to go outside to find plants or animals to document, Johnson says photos taken from your window are useful. And if you can’t quite get a shot of that bird you see at the feeder, no worries! Record the sound of its call and upload that instead. You just need concrete evidence to help experts confirm your observation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">If going outside is not an option, the Academy’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/never-home-alone-the-wild-life-of-homes\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Never Home Alone\u003c/span>\u003c/a> project specifically looks for the critters living with us indoors. Johnson says that in a typical house, there could be up to 93 species of insects “like beetles or things that don’t hurt you, but just live associated with humans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">She suggests looking in the nooks and crannies of your house, such as around the sink or under the bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Take pictures of those things that are actually right under your nose or above your head normally,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">This is an activity especially suitable for children, Johnson says. “Kids are really good finders of things, if they’re given permission to explore and be curious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">And it’s a great way for grown ups to experience nature, too. It’s important, she says, “for adults to give ourselves permission… to be curious and to look around and have those moments of wonder and awe about things that we don’t know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Though you can log observations in iNaturalist throughout the year, the City Nature Challenge is an opportunity to participate in a global community of citizen scientists in real time. People everywhere are sheltering in place, says Johnson. “But we’re going out where we can and still trying to celebrate nature around us and share that. Even though we’re apart, we’re doing it together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">So this weekend, consider a trip to your backyard or under your sink to snap a picture of the nature around you. Even if you’ve seen that plant a million times before, or you think that bug is too creepy, there’s a chance you’ve found something new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">All the observations will be identified and tallied by the community between April 28 and May 3, with results announced May 4.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\n\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1962919/cheat-the-coronavirus-this-weekend-city-nature-challenge-a-great-activity-even-indoors","authors":["byline_science_1962919"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_32","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_986","science_123","science_4329","science_4414"],"featImg":"science_1962929","label":"source_science_1962919"},"science_1914425":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1914425","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1914425","score":null,"sort":[1502694094000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"eclipse-scientists-probe-the-mysteries-of-the-suns-atmosphere","title":"Eclipse Scientists Probe the Mysteries of the Sun's Atmosphere","publishDate":1502694094,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Eclipse Scientists Probe the Mysteries of the Sun’s Atmosphere | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":3390,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[audio src=https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/08/ScienceEclipseScienceandSolarPowerVentonandSommer170814.mp3 program=\"KQED Science\" title=\"Eclipse Scientists Probe the Mysteries of the Sun's Atmosphere\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/corona_druckmuller.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wait between total solar eclipses, if you’re planning to stay in one particular location, is a very long time. On average, \u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/25644-total-solar-eclipses-frequency-explained.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">around 400 years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But, if you’re willing to go anywhere on the planet, the wait is around 18 months. And if you’re a scientist studying the sun, chances are you’re happy to travel just about anywhere. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Asking what we’re doing seeing another eclipse is like asking a cardiologist who looked at somebody’s heart for two minutes, a year and a half ago, does he want to look at another patient,” says Jay Pasachoff, chair of the International Astronomical Union’s working group on solar eclipses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">During a total eclipse, the moon gets between us and the sun, like an umbrella. Blue sky turns dark, revealing a sight that is normally hidden. \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In that darkened sky is the sun’s atmosphere, the corona\u003ci>—\u003c/i>a silvery, waving halo of hot, constantly changing gas.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Every time we look [at the corona] there’s something different,” says Pasachoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big storms in the corona—which are like burps of fiery plasma from the sun—can damage satellites, harm astronauts and disrupt power grids. The more scientists know about the corona, the better they can predict these big storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the only time researchers can see all of the corona really well is during a total eclipse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s amazing that the moon at this moment in our history is exactly the same size of the sun, apparently,” says \u003cspan class=\"s1\">Alan Gould, former planetarium director (and current volunteer) at the Lawrence Berkeley Hall of Science. “\u003c/span>And so it exactly blocks the disc of the sun.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914431\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1914431 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-1920x1281.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Total solar eclipse as seen over Svalbard, Norway in March 2015. The international Solar Wind Sherpas team, led by Shadia Habbal of the University of Hawaii at Manoa Institute for Astronomy, braved the arctic weather in order to study the sun’s atmosphere. \u003ccite>(Miloslav Druckmüller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Leaving the brilliant corona visible around the black circle of the moon. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The sun is 400 times larger than the moon, but it’s 400 times farther away from us, so it looks the same size in the sky. Millions of years ago, the moon was closer and covered up more of the sun. In the distant future it’ll be farther away, and appear too small to see total eclipses. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We are living in such a fortunate time in that regard” says Gould, “so we get to see the entire corona in its glory.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">That’s why astronomers are traveling from all over the world to see the eclipse on August 21st. \u003c/span>And some of them will be studying one of the biggest mysteries about the sun; it has to do with temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So the sun is about 10 million degrees (Celsius) at the center,” Gould says. “Really, that’s where all the action is. All the nuclear fusion is happening there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The surface is a lot cooler: about 5,538 degrees Celsius. It would make sense for the corona streaming off the surface to be cooler still. But it’s not.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>It’s a lot hotter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”VsaP0D5KdOmzSVVxWKmtz5qSkaUq9Sof”]”In fact, it gets up to a million degrees” says Gould. “There are theories about why that is, but it’s really not known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not for lack of trying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like to joke that the problem has been solved,” Pasachoff says. “It’s been solved by twelve different people in twelve different ways. In other words, we don’t have a solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">One of the people working toward a solution on the day of the eclipse will be University of Hawaii astronomer \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://people.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/bio/shadia-habbal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shadia Habbal\u003c/a>. She leads an international team of scientists known as the “Solar Wind Sherpas” who travel the world in pursuit of solar science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a very special eclipse for her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Usually most eclipse paths cover a lot of ocean, or they go over islands, ” she says. “This one is like 3,000 miles of solid land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day of the eclipse Habbal will be overseeing five different observation sites within the “\u003ca href=\"https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4518\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">path of totality\u003c/a>“—the band running across the U.S. where the sun will be entirely blocked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By spreading out the equipment, Habbal’s team will get the chance to see the corona’s behavior over several hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">And if you want to be part of scientific history too, you can. \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The Eclipse Megamovie Project is a collaboration between Google and UC Berkeley to compile photographs from the public into a film. Scientists will be able to use the images for years to study dynamics of the corona. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5xOcjC5-oo\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other researchers will be use the eclipse to learn more about the Earth itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having this dark shadow of the eclipse is really kind of a shocker to the atmosphere,” says Angela Des Jardin, director of the Montana Space Grant Consortium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s overseeing a project to \u003ca href=\"http://eclipse.montana.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">launch high-altitude balloons\u003c/a> that will live-stream the eclipse as well as collect weather data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914426\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1914426\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During a test flight, Montana State University students Carter McIver, left, Katherine Lee, Darci Collins, and Keaton Harmon inflate high-altitude balloons. These balloons, launched from sites across the nation, will live-stream the eclipse on August 21. \u003ccite>(Kelly Gorham/Montana State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So this is unprecedented opportunity for us to actually be able to collect all this data about how the atmosphere changes,” Des Jardin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, August 21st could possibly become the single greatest scientific-data-collecting day in American history. You can be part of it by joining one of the many \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/11/help-make-history-eclipse-projects-for-citizen-scientists/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">citizen science projects\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read more KQED eclipse coverage:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/07/24/dont-be-in-the-dark-answers-to-your-burning-questions-about-the-august-eclipse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/06/20/you-know-about-this-summers-spectacular-solar-eclipse-right/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">You Know About This Summer’s Spectacular Solar Eclipse, Right?\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/11/help-make-history-eclipse-projects-for-citizen-scientists/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/07/24/dont-be-in-the-dark-answers-to-your-burning-questions-about-the-august-eclipse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Don’t Be in the Dark: Answers To Your Burning Questions About the August Eclipse\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/11/help-make-history-eclipse-projects-for-citizen-scientists/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003ca style=\"line-height: 1.5\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/11/help-make-history-eclipse-projects-for-citizen-scientists/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Help Make History: Eclipse Projects for Citizen Scientists\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/11/help-make-history-eclipse-projects-for-citizen-scientists/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003ca style=\"line-height: 1.5\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/07/26/americans-prepare-for-first-total-solar-eclipse-in-century/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Americans Prepare for First Coast-to-Coast Total Solar Eclipse in Century\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\"> (\u003c/span>\u003cem style=\"line-height: 1.5\">KQED Forum\u003c/em>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"This summer's solar eclipse will illuminate mysteries about how the sun's atmosphere works. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928437,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":1125},"headData":{"title":"Eclipse Scientists Probe the Mysteries of the Sun's Atmosphere | KQED","description":"This summer's solar eclipse will illuminate mysteries about how the sun's atmosphere works. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Eclipse Scientists Probe the Mysteries of the Sun's Atmosphere","datePublished":"2017-08-14T07:01:34.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:13:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1914425/eclipse-scientists-probe-the-mysteries-of-the-suns-atmosphere","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/08/ScienceEclipseScienceandSolarPowerVentonandSommer170814.mp3","audioDuration":429000,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/08/ScienceEclipseScienceandSolarPowerVentonandSommer170814.mp3","program":"KQED Science","title":"Eclipse Scientists Probe the Mysteries of the Sun's Atmosphere","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/corona_druckmuller.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wait between total solar eclipses, if you’re planning to stay in one particular location, is a very long time. On average, \u003ca href=\"https://www.space.com/25644-total-solar-eclipses-frequency-explained.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">around 400 years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But, if you’re willing to go anywhere on the planet, the wait is around 18 months. And if you’re a scientist studying the sun, chances are you’re happy to travel just about anywhere. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Asking what we’re doing seeing another eclipse is like asking a cardiologist who looked at somebody’s heart for two minutes, a year and a half ago, does he want to look at another patient,” says Jay Pasachoff, chair of the International Astronomical Union’s working group on solar eclipses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">During a total eclipse, the moon gets between us and the sun, like an umbrella. Blue sky turns dark, revealing a sight that is normally hidden. \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In that darkened sky is the sun’s atmosphere, the corona\u003ci>—\u003c/i>a silvery, waving halo of hot, constantly changing gas.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Every time we look [at the corona] there’s something different,” says Pasachoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big storms in the corona—which are like burps of fiery plasma from the sun—can damage satellites, harm astronauts and disrupt power grids. The more scientists know about the corona, the better they can predict these big storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the only time researchers can see all of the corona really well is during a total eclipse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s amazing that the moon at this moment in our history is exactly the same size of the sun, apparently,” says \u003cspan class=\"s1\">Alan Gould, former planetarium director (and current volunteer) at the Lawrence Berkeley Hall of Science. “\u003c/span>And so it exactly blocks the disc of the sun.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914431\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1914431 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-1920x1281.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/milov_Tse2015-50mm9614-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Total solar eclipse as seen over Svalbard, Norway in March 2015. The international Solar Wind Sherpas team, led by Shadia Habbal of the University of Hawaii at Manoa Institute for Astronomy, braved the arctic weather in order to study the sun’s atmosphere. \u003ccite>(Miloslav Druckmüller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Leaving the brilliant corona visible around the black circle of the moon. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The sun is 400 times larger than the moon, but it’s 400 times farther away from us, so it looks the same size in the sky. Millions of years ago, the moon was closer and covered up more of the sun. In the distant future it’ll be farther away, and appear too small to see total eclipses. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We are living in such a fortunate time in that regard” says Gould, “so we get to see the entire corona in its glory.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">That’s why astronomers are traveling from all over the world to see the eclipse on August 21st. \u003c/span>And some of them will be studying one of the biggest mysteries about the sun; it has to do with temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So the sun is about 10 million degrees (Celsius) at the center,” Gould says. “Really, that’s where all the action is. All the nuclear fusion is happening there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The surface is a lot cooler: about 5,538 degrees Celsius. It would make sense for the corona streaming off the surface to be cooler still. But it’s not.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>It’s a lot hotter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”In fact, it gets up to a million degrees” says Gould. “There are theories about why that is, but it’s really not known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not for lack of trying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like to joke that the problem has been solved,” Pasachoff says. “It’s been solved by twelve different people in twelve different ways. In other words, we don’t have a solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">One of the people working toward a solution on the day of the eclipse will be University of Hawaii astronomer \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://people.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/bio/shadia-habbal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shadia Habbal\u003c/a>. She leads an international team of scientists known as the “Solar Wind Sherpas” who travel the world in pursuit of solar science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a very special eclipse for her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Usually most eclipse paths cover a lot of ocean, or they go over islands, ” she says. “This one is like 3,000 miles of solid land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day of the eclipse Habbal will be overseeing five different observation sites within the “\u003ca href=\"https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4518\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">path of totality\u003c/a>“—the band running across the U.S. where the sun will be entirely blocked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By spreading out the equipment, Habbal’s team will get the chance to see the corona’s behavior over several hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">And if you want to be part of scientific history too, you can. \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The Eclipse Megamovie Project is a collaboration between Google and UC Berkeley to compile photographs from the public into a film. Scientists will be able to use the images for years to study dynamics of the corona. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Z5xOcjC5-oo'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Z5xOcjC5-oo'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Other researchers will be use the eclipse to learn more about the Earth itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having this dark shadow of the eclipse is really kind of a shocker to the atmosphere,” says Angela Des Jardin, director of the Montana Space Grant Consortium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s overseeing a project to \u003ca href=\"http://eclipse.montana.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">launch high-altitude balloons\u003c/a> that will live-stream the eclipse as well as collect weather data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914426\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1914426\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/kg20170621151-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During a test flight, Montana State University students Carter McIver, left, Katherine Lee, Darci Collins, and Keaton Harmon inflate high-altitude balloons. These balloons, launched from sites across the nation, will live-stream the eclipse on August 21. \u003ccite>(Kelly Gorham/Montana State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So this is unprecedented opportunity for us to actually be able to collect all this data about how the atmosphere changes,” Des Jardin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, August 21st could possibly become the single greatest scientific-data-collecting day in American history. You can be part of it by joining one of the many \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/11/help-make-history-eclipse-projects-for-citizen-scientists/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">citizen science projects\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read more KQED eclipse coverage:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/07/24/dont-be-in-the-dark-answers-to-your-burning-questions-about-the-august-eclipse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/06/20/you-know-about-this-summers-spectacular-solar-eclipse-right/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">You Know About This Summer’s Spectacular Solar Eclipse, Right?\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/11/help-make-history-eclipse-projects-for-citizen-scientists/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/07/24/dont-be-in-the-dark-answers-to-your-burning-questions-about-the-august-eclipse/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Don’t Be in the Dark: Answers To Your Burning Questions About the August Eclipse\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/11/help-make-history-eclipse-projects-for-citizen-scientists/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003ca style=\"line-height: 1.5\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/11/help-make-history-eclipse-projects-for-citizen-scientists/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Help Make History: Eclipse Projects for Citizen Scientists\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/08/11/help-make-history-eclipse-projects-for-citizen-scientists/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003ca style=\"line-height: 1.5\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/07/26/americans-prepare-for-first-total-solar-eclipse-in-century/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Americans Prepare for First Coast-to-Coast Total Solar Eclipse in Century\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\"> (\u003c/span>\u003cem style=\"line-height: 1.5\">KQED Forum\u003c/em>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1914425/eclipse-scientists-probe-the-mysteries-of-the-suns-atmosphere","authors":["11088"],"series":["science_3390"],"categories":["science_28","science_46","science_43","science_3423"],"tags":["science_1073","science_123","science_1975","science_2933"],"featImg":"science_1914427","label":"science_3390"},"science_1910269":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1910269","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1910269","score":null,"sort":[1502434860000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"help-make-history-eclipse-projects-for-citizen-scientists","title":"Help Make History: Eclipse Projects for Citizen Scientists","publishDate":1502434860,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Help Make History: Eclipse Projects for Citizen Scientists | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The solar eclipse this month will be our country’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/07/26/americans-prepare-for-first-total-solar-eclipse-in-century/\">first\u003c/a> total eclipse in the age of the Internet. Technologies that are commonplace now, such as smartphones, were nearly unthinkable in 1979, the last time there was a total solar eclipse seen from the continental U.S. Today’s instant global connectivity makes whole new kinds of citizen science possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s an opportunity for everybody to realize their deep connection to the sun.’\u003ccite>Holli Riebeek, NASA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The smartphones that each one of us has in our pocket are data-gathering machines, and when we upload an observation or a photo, scientists can know exactly where we were on the planet at the very moment we took it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some simple and fun ways to be a scientist for a day on August 21\u003csup>st\u003c/sup>. Grab your phone, because most of them involve downloading an app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Life Responds\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a total eclipse, the common orb weaver spider stops what she’s doing, and starts diligently eating her web. This is her nighttime routine, but she’s doing it during the day. Is she responding to the sudden darkness? Or maybe the sudden change in temperature?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spiders disassembling their \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1994.tb00878.x/abstract\">webs\u003c/a>, birds going to roost, gray squirrels running into their dens. There’s loads of anecdotal evidence that animals change their behavior during solar eclipses, but scientists haven’t systematically gathered this information — until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Academy of Sciences’ project, Life Responds, invites people to join one of the largest examinations of plant and animal behavior during an eclipse ever made. To participate, plan to observe nature during the eclipse — whether in the wilderness or your home or backyard — and download the iNaturalist app on your smart phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1910274\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1910274\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The six-spotted orb weaver is known to eat her web at night. What will she do during the eclipse? \u003ccite>(Rebecca Johnson / Cal Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then, on the day of the eclipse, scout your surroundings and choose an animal to observe. Rebecca Johnson, citizen science research coordinator at Cal Academy, recommends choosing an animal that you suspect might change its behavior, such as spiders, ants and birds — even captive animals such as chickens, dogs or cats. Or, maybe pick a flower that normally closes at night, such as the morning glory or the California poppy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life Responds will make a permanent record from the observations, Johnson says. Johnson and her partners will make this information available to scientists and anyone else who’s curious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/citizen-science/solar-eclipse-2017\">here\u003c/a> to learn more and get involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>GLOBE Observer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA’s GLOBE Observer program invites people to spend the day of the eclipse observing what happens to the weather when the sun is blocked out for a period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temperature may drop. Clouds may change. The wind may shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”sFrVoNh6v5nagaZWjNGOTmsiHxuTBFWM”]To participate in this project, download the GLOBE Observer app. In the weeks before the eclipse, take a couple minutes to learn how to read a cheap thermometer and how to characterize cloud types (the app can help with that). On the day of the eclipse, pay close attention to the sky and record what you observe every 10 minutes for two hours before and after the eclipse. You observations will help scientists understanding more about how the sun’s rays impact weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an opportunity for everybody to realize their deep connection to the sun,” says project coordinator Holli Riebeek. “It’s so easy to take it for granted. This project helps you think about that relationship in a new way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click \u003ca href=\"https://observer.globe.gov/science-connections/eclipse2017\">here\u003c/a> to learn more and get involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eclipse Soundscapes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s one thing most people don’t associate with eclipses: sound. The solar eclipse doesn’t impact only the visual environment, it also affects the soundscape. This citizen science event is part scientific inquiry and part artistic creation, and offers blind and visually impaired people a way to experience the eclipse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1910277\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 4608px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1910277\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4608\" height=\"3072\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map.jpg 4608w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4608px) 100vw, 4608px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eclipse Soundscapes gives a multi-sensory experience for the blind and visually-impaired \u003ccite>(Kelsey Perrett / Eclipse Soundscapes)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During an eclipse, day temporarily turns to night. Nocturnal animals such as crickets will emerge and start to sing, and diurnal animals such as birds will quiet and nest. Loud cities may temporarily fall silent as everyone looks toward the sky — people may gasp, or laugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By recording the environment before, during and after the August 21 eclipse, you can capture these changes in the sound environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our main goal is to record as much scientifically valuable information as we can,” says project founder Henry Winter, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>“We will then combine that information on a web-searchable database that any researcher can have access to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To participate, all you need is a recorder or smartphone with recording capabilities. Set up away from noisy machinery or powerlines. Start recording 30 minutes before the eclipse will reach its fullest condition in your area and for 30 minutes after. Upload your recording to the Eclipse Soundscapes website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your recordings will be geo-located and made publicly available to scientists and artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Eclipse Soundscapes \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/eclipse-soundscapes/id1262152991?mt=8\">phone app\u003c/a> will also provide a multi-sensory show on the day of the eclipse. Glide your fingers over the app and it will respond with tones that sonically interpret the moon’s passage over the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1910399\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1910399\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comparing thousands of high quality photos of the eclipse will help scientists answer questions about the sun’s atmosphere. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This project is a way to “provide an engaging experience for people who have historically been left out of astrophysics enterprises,” says Winter. “And a good way to start building tools that allow people who have not traditionally had access to astronomical information to have access to it in some real way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click \u003ca href=\"http://eclipsesoundscapes.org/\">here\u003c/a> to learn more and get involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Eclipse Megamovie\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking a good picture of the eclipse is hard to do and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/07/24/dont-be-in-the-dark-answers-to-your-burning-questions-about-the-august-eclipse/?gclid=CjwKCAjwzYDMBRA1EiwAwCv6Jrjvu7hARagMVMBDO3S4Xnk3z_mCv51SoF9iwmHWNfD6Tv3ncP-LaxoCu3cQAvD_BwE\">potentially dangerous\u003c/a> for your eyes and camera. Many experts discourage people from trying. However, if you’ve got a fancy camera and you’re passionate about snapping photos of this celestial phenomenon, then you might as well join the Megamovie club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley astronomer Alexei Filippenko is helping with a project to stitch together photos to create the first crowd-sourced video of the progression of the eclipse over 90 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though too late for the Megamovie itself, anyone can upload their images of totality to the project’s\u003ca href=\"https://eclipsemega.movie/\"> website\u003c/a> through Labor Day. They’ll be included in a vast image archive for future research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our primary goal is to collect as much imagery as possible and to hold it in a vast public-domain archive for future study,” Filippenko wrote in a recent \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/citizen-science-salon/2017/06/21/capturing-the-total-solar-eclipse-one-photo-at-a-time/#.WX9sy4Tyupo\">article\u003c/a> in Discover Magazine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click \u003ca href=\"https://eclipsemega.movie/\">here\u003c/a> to learn more and get involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>HamSci Project\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have you ever wondered why you can hear some AM radio stations at night that you can’t hear during the day? It has to do with the ionosphere, an electrified layer of the earth’s atmosphere 50 miles over our heads, which absorbs radio waves and sometimes refracts them back to earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1910272\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1910272\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The eclipse impacts the way radio waves move in the atmosphere. Ham Radio operators can collect data on August 21 to help answer space physics questions. \u003ccite>(Tracey Regan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the day, UV rays from the sun strike atoms in the ionosphere and knock off some of their electrons, causing them to become charged. At night, this process stops and an entire layer of the ionosphere dissipates. But what if the sun gets blocked by the moon? Does the same thing happen?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To partake in the HamSci project, take a couple minutes in the weeks before the eclipse to find an AM radio station you can only hear at night. Then, during the eclipse, tune into that same channel and see if you can hear a signal as the sun dims. Write down what you heard and where you heard it and \u003ca href=\"http://www.skyandtelescope.com/2017-total-solar-eclipse/how-to-hear-the-solar-eclipse/\">email\u003c/a> your observation to the project organizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re a ham radio operator, there’s a lot more you can do. Space physicist and HamSci organizer Nathaniel Frissell from the New Jersey Institute of Technology is asking ham radio operators across the U.S. to collect a wide range of data during the eclipse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a chance for radio-lovers to contribute to something bigger,” says Frissell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click \u003ca href=\"http://www.hamsci.org/basic-project/2017-total-solar-eclipse\">here\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://www.skyandtelescope.com/2017-total-solar-eclipse/how-to-hear-the-solar-eclipse/\">here\u003c/a> to learn more and get involved.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"You can watch animals to see how they behave, record sounds, or take photos for a movie by Google and UC Berkeley.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928440,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":1481},"headData":{"title":"Help Make History: Eclipse Projects for Citizen Scientists | KQED","description":"You can watch animals to see how they behave, record sounds, or take photos for a movie by Google and UC Berkeley.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Help Make History: Eclipse Projects for Citizen Scientists","datePublished":"2017-08-11T07:01:00.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:14:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Astronomy","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1910269/help-make-history-eclipse-projects-for-citizen-scientists","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The solar eclipse this month will be our country’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/07/26/americans-prepare-for-first-total-solar-eclipse-in-century/\">first\u003c/a> total eclipse in the age of the Internet. Technologies that are commonplace now, such as smartphones, were nearly unthinkable in 1979, the last time there was a total solar eclipse seen from the continental U.S. Today’s instant global connectivity makes whole new kinds of citizen science possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s an opportunity for everybody to realize their deep connection to the sun.’\u003ccite>Holli Riebeek, NASA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The smartphones that each one of us has in our pocket are data-gathering machines, and when we upload an observation or a photo, scientists can know exactly where we were on the planet at the very moment we took it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some simple and fun ways to be a scientist for a day on August 21\u003csup>st\u003c/sup>. Grab your phone, because most of them involve downloading an app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Life Responds\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a total eclipse, the common orb weaver spider stops what she’s doing, and starts diligently eating her web. This is her nighttime routine, but she’s doing it during the day. Is she responding to the sudden darkness? Or maybe the sudden change in temperature?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spiders disassembling their \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1994.tb00878.x/abstract\">webs\u003c/a>, birds going to roost, gray squirrels running into their dens. There’s loads of anecdotal evidence that animals change their behavior during solar eclipses, but scientists haven’t systematically gathered this information — until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Academy of Sciences’ project, Life Responds, invites people to join one of the largest examinations of plant and animal behavior during an eclipse ever made. To participate, plan to observe nature during the eclipse — whether in the wilderness or your home or backyard — and download the iNaturalist app on your smart phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1910274\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1910274\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Six-spottedOrbweaver_Araniella_displicata_RJohnson-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The six-spotted orb weaver is known to eat her web at night. What will she do during the eclipse? \u003ccite>(Rebecca Johnson / Cal Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then, on the day of the eclipse, scout your surroundings and choose an animal to observe. Rebecca Johnson, citizen science research coordinator at Cal Academy, recommends choosing an animal that you suspect might change its behavior, such as spiders, ants and birds — even captive animals such as chickens, dogs or cats. Or, maybe pick a flower that normally closes at night, such as the morning glory or the California poppy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life Responds will make a permanent record from the observations, Johnson says. Johnson and her partners will make this information available to scientists and anyone else who’s curious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/citizen-science/solar-eclipse-2017\">here\u003c/a> to learn more and get involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>GLOBE Observer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA’s GLOBE Observer program invites people to spend the day of the eclipse observing what happens to the weather when the sun is blocked out for a period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temperature may drop. Clouds may change. The wind may shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>To participate in this project, download the GLOBE Observer app. In the weeks before the eclipse, take a couple minutes to learn how to read a cheap thermometer and how to characterize cloud types (the app can help with that). On the day of the eclipse, pay close attention to the sky and record what you observe every 10 minutes for two hours before and after the eclipse. You observations will help scientists understanding more about how the sun’s rays impact weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an opportunity for everybody to realize their deep connection to the sun,” says project coordinator Holli Riebeek. “It’s so easy to take it for granted. This project helps you think about that relationship in a new way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click \u003ca href=\"https://observer.globe.gov/science-connections/eclipse2017\">here\u003c/a> to learn more and get involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eclipse Soundscapes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s one thing most people don’t associate with eclipses: sound. The solar eclipse doesn’t impact only the visual environment, it also affects the soundscape. This citizen science event is part scientific inquiry and part artistic creation, and offers blind and visually impaired people a way to experience the eclipse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1910277\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 4608px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1910277\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4608\" height=\"3072\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map.jpg 4608w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/Rumble-Map-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4608px) 100vw, 4608px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eclipse Soundscapes gives a multi-sensory experience for the blind and visually-impaired \u003ccite>(Kelsey Perrett / Eclipse Soundscapes)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During an eclipse, day temporarily turns to night. Nocturnal animals such as crickets will emerge and start to sing, and diurnal animals such as birds will quiet and nest. Loud cities may temporarily fall silent as everyone looks toward the sky — people may gasp, or laugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By recording the environment before, during and after the August 21 eclipse, you can capture these changes in the sound environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our main goal is to record as much scientifically valuable information as we can,” says project founder Henry Winter, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>“We will then combine that information on a web-searchable database that any researcher can have access to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To participate, all you need is a recorder or smartphone with recording capabilities. Set up away from noisy machinery or powerlines. Start recording 30 minutes before the eclipse will reach its fullest condition in your area and for 30 minutes after. Upload your recording to the Eclipse Soundscapes website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your recordings will be geo-located and made publicly available to scientists and artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Eclipse Soundscapes \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/eclipse-soundscapes/id1262152991?mt=8\">phone app\u003c/a> will also provide a multi-sensory show on the day of the eclipse. Glide your fingers over the app and it will respond with tones that sonically interpret the moon’s passage over the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1910399\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1910399\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/iStock-517462556-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comparing thousands of high quality photos of the eclipse will help scientists answer questions about the sun’s atmosphere. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This project is a way to “provide an engaging experience for people who have historically been left out of astrophysics enterprises,” says Winter. “And a good way to start building tools that allow people who have not traditionally had access to astronomical information to have access to it in some real way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click \u003ca href=\"http://eclipsesoundscapes.org/\">here\u003c/a> to learn more and get involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Eclipse Megamovie\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking a good picture of the eclipse is hard to do and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/07/24/dont-be-in-the-dark-answers-to-your-burning-questions-about-the-august-eclipse/?gclid=CjwKCAjwzYDMBRA1EiwAwCv6Jrjvu7hARagMVMBDO3S4Xnk3z_mCv51SoF9iwmHWNfD6Tv3ncP-LaxoCu3cQAvD_BwE\">potentially dangerous\u003c/a> for your eyes and camera. Many experts discourage people from trying. However, if you’ve got a fancy camera and you’re passionate about snapping photos of this celestial phenomenon, then you might as well join the Megamovie club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley astronomer Alexei Filippenko is helping with a project to stitch together photos to create the first crowd-sourced video of the progression of the eclipse over 90 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though too late for the Megamovie itself, anyone can upload their images of totality to the project’s\u003ca href=\"https://eclipsemega.movie/\"> website\u003c/a> through Labor Day. They’ll be included in a vast image archive for future research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our primary goal is to collect as much imagery as possible and to hold it in a vast public-domain archive for future study,” Filippenko wrote in a recent \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/citizen-science-salon/2017/06/21/capturing-the-total-solar-eclipse-one-photo-at-a-time/#.WX9sy4Tyupo\">article\u003c/a> in Discover Magazine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click \u003ca href=\"https://eclipsemega.movie/\">here\u003c/a> to learn more and get involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>HamSci Project\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have you ever wondered why you can hear some AM radio stations at night that you can’t hear during the day? It has to do with the ionosphere, an electrified layer of the earth’s atmosphere 50 miles over our heads, which absorbs radio waves and sometimes refracts them back to earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1910272\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1910272\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/ham-nathaniel6-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The eclipse impacts the way radio waves move in the atmosphere. Ham Radio operators can collect data on August 21 to help answer space physics questions. \u003ccite>(Tracey Regan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the day, UV rays from the sun strike atoms in the ionosphere and knock off some of their electrons, causing them to become charged. At night, this process stops and an entire layer of the ionosphere dissipates. But what if the sun gets blocked by the moon? Does the same thing happen?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To partake in the HamSci project, take a couple minutes in the weeks before the eclipse to find an AM radio station you can only hear at night. Then, during the eclipse, tune into that same channel and see if you can hear a signal as the sun dims. Write down what you heard and where you heard it and \u003ca href=\"http://www.skyandtelescope.com/2017-total-solar-eclipse/how-to-hear-the-solar-eclipse/\">email\u003c/a> your observation to the project organizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re a ham radio operator, there’s a lot more you can do. Space physicist and HamSci organizer Nathaniel Frissell from the New Jersey Institute of Technology is asking ham radio operators across the U.S. to collect a wide range of data during the eclipse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a chance for radio-lovers to contribute to something bigger,” says Frissell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click \u003ca href=\"http://www.hamsci.org/basic-project/2017-total-solar-eclipse\">here\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://www.skyandtelescope.com/2017-total-solar-eclipse/how-to-hear-the-solar-eclipse/\">here\u003c/a> to learn more and get involved.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1910269/help-make-history-eclipse-projects-for-citizen-scientists","authors":["11361"],"series":["science_3390"],"categories":["science_28","science_30","science_31","science_42"],"tags":["science_5197","science_123","science_1975"],"featImg":"science_1914171","label":"source_science_1910269"},"science_1786970":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1786970","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1786970","score":null,"sort":[1498867306000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"science-for-the-people-grab-your-phone-and-help-snap-pictures-of-coastal-biodiversity","title":"Science for the People: Grab Your Phone and Help Snap Pictures of Coastal Biodiversity","publishDate":1498867306,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Science for the People: Grab Your Phone and Help Snap Pictures of Coastal Biodiversity | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Your moments peering into tide pools, gazing at spiny starfish, or eyeing bashful anemones can be more than just moments. They’re observations, and scientists can learn from them about what’s happening on California’s coastline. Thousands of observations, added together—that’s valuable data.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s a way for people to witness global change in a real way.’\u003ccite>Dr. Rebecca Johnson,\u003cbr>\nCalifornia Academy of Sciences\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This weekend, Californians who love marine ecosystems can head to the bay or the beach, take pictures of all the animals they can see, upload them to the cell phone app iNaturalist, and take part in a statewide campaign to catalog the biodiversity of the state’s coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mpacollaborative.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marine Protected Area Collaborative Network\u003c/a> are hosting \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/citizen-science/snapshot-cal-coast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Snapshot Cal Coast\u003c/a>, an annual coastal “bio-blitz” that started June 23 and wraps up on Sunday, July 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No matter what kind of science it is—it starts with an observation,” says Dr. Rebecca Johnson, citizen science research coordinator at the Cal Academy. “We’re providing a way for people to share those observations and then we can look for patterns and ask more questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787229\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787229\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snapping a photo of a sea anemone, to upload to the iNaturalist app for Snapshot Cal Coast. \u003ccite>(Calla Allison/Marine Protected Areas Collaborative Network)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cal Academy and other organizations are holding cataloging parties up and down the California coastline this weekend, to encourage people to get together and collect observations. In the Bay Area, families or individuals can head down to Ocean Beach on Sunday morning to join a team for free community \u003ca href=\"http://www.inaturalist.org/projects/snapshot-cal-coast-2017-ocean-beach-bioblitz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">event\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Snapshot of Biodiversity \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can get observations all along the coast at the same time of year, every year,” Johnson says, “we can get a snapshot of biodiversity, and the ranges of individual species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the project’s second year, and there are plans to make it an annual event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we do this every year, we can see how species’ ranges are changing,” says Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coastal animal’s range can change for a variety of reasons such as invasive species, diseases such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/data-products/sea-star-wasting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sea star wasting syndrome\u003c/a>, and warming waters due to climate change. Biodiversity data is also essential in order to answer questions about the efficacy of marine protected areas and other conservation measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787232\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tidepoolers at Pillar Point look for marine life to photograph, during this year’s bio-blitz. \u003ccite>(Rebecca Johnson/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>iNaturalist is an phone app and website that aggregates geo-located photos of species. And you don’t have to be an expert to use it. Users can either enter identify their observations themselves or tag something as ‘unknown.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have to know what you’re looking at,” says Johnson, “you just have to take good enough pictures that someone else can identify it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snapshot Cal Coast is also a way for amateur naturalists, who know a lot about one place, to contribute to a larger-scale observation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”pY10qOhKQ34943XDliZmrOLeBjHYgS6z”]Over the last week, 400 participants have uploaded 8,000 observations of coastal organisms, representing close to 900 species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart phones with great cameras, and apps like iNaturalist, make a model of citizen science possible that was never possible before. And Johnson says using a phone outdoors doesn’t have to distract from relaxing and observing natural spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Technology and looking at a screen gets a bad rap for disconnecting people from each other,” she says. “Through the work that we do, we have really been able to use that technology to build community and connect people to nature and each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Demystifying Science \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the greatest beneficiaries of Snapshot Cal Coast are the citizen scientists themselves. By participating in an annual observation, people can start to see their local ecosystems with new eyes, and get hands-on experience with the scientific process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787231\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787231\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Looking for marine life at Doran Beach in Sonoma County, earlier this week. \u003ccite>(Rebecca Johnson/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When participants observe changes in species biodiversity from year-to-year, these changes may prompt them to ask questions about why they’re seeing what they’re seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a way for people to witness global change in a real way,” Johnson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people see it with their own eyes, they can feel empowered by their own experience and senses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of environmental threats to the rich biodiversity of the California coast—problems such as climate change and marine pollution—and the scale of the problems can be overwhelming to people. Working together on a project like this can, “help people have some power in a situation that seems powerless,” says Johnson, “and experience the joy of discovering something together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interested? If you’re in the Bay Area, check out a Snapshot Cal Coast event this Sunday, July 2, 9am at Ocean Beach. Click \u003ca href=\"http://www.inaturalist.org/projects/snapshot-cal-coast-2017-ocean-beach-bioblitz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> for more information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"You don't have to be an expert at the annual Snapshot Cal Coast, with family fun at events up and down the coastline. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928586,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":878},"headData":{"title":"Science for the People: Grab Your Phone and Help Snap Pictures of Coastal Biodiversity | KQED","description":"You don't have to be an expert at the annual Snapshot Cal Coast, with family fun at events up and down the coastline. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Science for the People: Grab Your Phone and Help Snap Pictures of Coastal Biodiversity","datePublished":"2017-07-01T00:01:46.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:16:26.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/1786970/science-for-the-people-grab-your-phone-and-help-snap-pictures-of-coastal-biodiversity","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Your moments peering into tide pools, gazing at spiny starfish, or eyeing bashful anemones can be more than just moments. They’re observations, and scientists can learn from them about what’s happening on California’s coastline. Thousands of observations, added together—that’s valuable data.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s a way for people to witness global change in a real way.’\u003ccite>Dr. Rebecca Johnson,\u003cbr>\nCalifornia Academy of Sciences\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This weekend, Californians who love marine ecosystems can head to the bay or the beach, take pictures of all the animals they can see, upload them to the cell phone app iNaturalist, and take part in a statewide campaign to catalog the biodiversity of the state’s coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mpacollaborative.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marine Protected Area Collaborative Network\u003c/a> are hosting \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/citizen-science/snapshot-cal-coast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Snapshot Cal Coast\u003c/a>, an annual coastal “bio-blitz” that started June 23 and wraps up on Sunday, July 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No matter what kind of science it is—it starts with an observation,” says Dr. Rebecca Johnson, citizen science research coordinator at the Cal Academy. “We’re providing a way for people to share those observations and then we can look for patterns and ask more questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787229\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787229\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snapping a photo of a sea anemone, to upload to the iNaturalist app for Snapshot Cal Coast. \u003ccite>(Calla Allison/Marine Protected Areas Collaborative Network)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cal Academy and other organizations are holding cataloging parties up and down the California coastline this weekend, to encourage people to get together and collect observations. In the Bay Area, families or individuals can head down to Ocean Beach on Sunday morning to join a team for free community \u003ca href=\"http://www.inaturalist.org/projects/snapshot-cal-coast-2017-ocean-beach-bioblitz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">event\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Snapshot of Biodiversity \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can get observations all along the coast at the same time of year, every year,” Johnson says, “we can get a snapshot of biodiversity, and the ranges of individual species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the project’s second year, and there are plans to make it an annual event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we do this every year, we can see how species’ ranges are changing,” says Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coastal animal’s range can change for a variety of reasons such as invasive species, diseases such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/data-products/sea-star-wasting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sea star wasting syndrome\u003c/a>, and warming waters due to climate change. Biodiversity data is also essential in order to answer questions about the efficacy of marine protected areas and other conservation measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787232\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tidepoolers at Pillar Point look for marine life to photograph, during this year’s bio-blitz. \u003ccite>(Rebecca Johnson/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>iNaturalist is an phone app and website that aggregates geo-located photos of species. And you don’t have to be an expert to use it. Users can either enter identify their observations themselves or tag something as ‘unknown.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have to know what you’re looking at,” says Johnson, “you just have to take good enough pictures that someone else can identify it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snapshot Cal Coast is also a way for amateur naturalists, who know a lot about one place, to contribute to a larger-scale observation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Over the last week, 400 participants have uploaded 8,000 observations of coastal organisms, representing close to 900 species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart phones with great cameras, and apps like iNaturalist, make a model of citizen science possible that was never possible before. And Johnson says using a phone outdoors doesn’t have to distract from relaxing and observing natural spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Technology and looking at a screen gets a bad rap for disconnecting people from each other,” she says. “Through the work that we do, we have really been able to use that technology to build community and connect people to nature and each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Demystifying Science \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the greatest beneficiaries of Snapshot Cal Coast are the citizen scientists themselves. By participating in an annual observation, people can start to see their local ecosystems with new eyes, and get hands-on experience with the scientific process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787231\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787231\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Looking for marine life at Doran Beach in Sonoma County, earlier this week. \u003ccite>(Rebecca Johnson/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When participants observe changes in species biodiversity from year-to-year, these changes may prompt them to ask questions about why they’re seeing what they’re seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a way for people to witness global change in a real way,” Johnson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people see it with their own eyes, they can feel empowered by their own experience and senses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of environmental threats to the rich biodiversity of the California coast—problems such as climate change and marine pollution—and the scale of the problems can be overwhelming to people. Working together on a project like this can, “help people have some power in a situation that seems powerless,” says Johnson, “and experience the joy of discovering something together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interested? If you’re in the Bay Area, check out a Snapshot Cal Coast event this Sunday, July 2, 9am at Ocean Beach. Click \u003ca href=\"http://www.inaturalist.org/projects/snapshot-cal-coast-2017-ocean-beach-bioblitz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> for more information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1786970/science-for-the-people-grab-your-phone-and-help-snap-pictures-of-coastal-biodiversity","authors":["11361"],"categories":["science_32","science_35","science_37","science_40","science_2873"],"tags":["science_259","science_986","science_123","science_3370","science_2549"],"featImg":"science_1787233","label":"science"},"science_982459":{"type":"posts","id":"science_982459","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"982459","score":null,"sort":[1474290052000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"citizen-scientists-could-help-solve-the-mystery-of-vanishing-starfish","title":"Citizen Scientists Could Help Solve the Mystery of Vanishing 'Starfish'","publishDate":1474290052,"format":"image","headTitle":"Citizen Scientists Could Help Solve the Mystery of Vanishing ‘Starfish’ | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Excerpt from “CITIZEN SCIENTIST: Searching for Heroes and Hope in an Age of Extinction.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At four in the morning on June 12, 2012, I drove down Cole Street in the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco, on my way to pick up a college intern carpooling with me to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>’ first citizen science tide-pool-monitoring expedition. The hour ranked as dead of night, but in this neighborhood, an imperfect Age of Aquarius is perpetually dawning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The date marked the lowest tide of the year in these parts, brought on by the moon’s position relative to the earth and the sun. This was the cosmic conjunction the intern and I were lining ourselves up with as we made a pretty straight shot twenty-five miles south to Pillar Point Harbor in Half Moon Bay, ahead of Silicon Valley traffic. My companion had a soft, ready smile even at this hour, and long blonde hair under a knit cap. I had determined our destination the old-fashioned way, by MapQuest, and following printed-out directions we arrived at the wrong beach. The intern cheerfully typed latitude and longitude coordinates into her smartphone and directed us by degree to the right one. Kids today!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citizen science is taking off as never before, and it is needed as never before. Scientists point out that while two million species have been named by science, millions more have yet to be discovered. At the same time, the sixth mass extinction crisis is taking out species before we even know they are there. What does it really take to save nature? How do we look at this gigantic problem? Citizen science starts with and continuously returns to individual observations of nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Neither of us could have known it at the time, but it was possible she would never again have the opportunity to observe a giant sea star in its lair.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The hermit crabs and brine shrimp we collected over the next three days of extra-low tides at Pillar Point would help embody a snapshot in time, physical reality as it existed in this moment on planet Earth. Every day our quarry would go back to the academy, where each thing would be officially named according to the age-old methods of taxonomy and suspended in jars of ethyl alcohol. Eventually they would be accessioned, taking their place among the twenty-two-million-and-counting specimens currently housed in vast metal cabinets in a temperature-controlled basement vault in the academy’s fancy building, designed by Renzo Piano, in Golden Gate Park. Thus they would join august company with specimens obscure and famous, including giant pink Galapagos iguanas brought back by Rollo Beck in 1906, and coelacanth fossils, thousands of years old, deposited at the academy in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Star Search\u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the tide pool I was riveted by fat pink sea stars sitting like satisfied gangsters and seemingly unconcerned by their exposure; gulls would peck at them but the sea stars simply grew replacement limbs. I stared at one about a foot in diameter, with a six-inch crab stuck like a pottery shard glued by Julian Schnabel to its gullet. I was actually watching the sea star digest the crab. Later in the morning my intern friend crouched nearby. Like me, she was practically babbling with pure joy, pointing out this thing and that thing, and then, regrettably, she picked up a giant pink sea star. Only a very young person would think about physically interacting with this exaggerated form. She grinned at me, holding out her hand, draped with what I grew up calling a starfish. However, these creatures are not fish. Sea stars have an ancient lineage and strange, unique features. Their skeleton is wholly internal like our skulls, constructed out of stony, hard tissues called \u003cem>stereom\u003c/em>. Their bizarre internal organs pump water through their bodies and move thousands of tiny tube feet for locomotion and eating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intern decided to put the sea star back into the water, but it didn’t want to go. It clung with all those tiny feet to her skin like Velcro drenched in superglue. She was brave while I helped pull the sea star off her and plunked it back down onto its rock, seemingly unperturbed. “I’m never going to do \u003cem>that \u003c/em>again,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1001018\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1001018\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099.jpeg\" alt='Sea stars, which often go by the misnomer \"starfish,\" have been vanishing from the Pacific coast at an alarming rate.' width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099.jpeg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099-400x267.jpeg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099-1440x960.jpeg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099-1920x1281.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099-960x640.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sea stars, which often go by the misnomer “starfish,” have been vanishing from the Pacific coast at an alarming rate. \u003ccite>(Richard Morganstein)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Neither of us could have known it at the time, but it was possible she would never again have the opportunity to observe a giant sea star in its lair. In June 2012, our team documented approximately seventy-plus sea stars in each delineated transect. A transect is simply a measured-out plot, sometimes square, rectangular, or circular, depending on the research question and the terrain. A year later, surveys turned up five to none in some transects. Citizen science is being deployed big time to help professional monitoring operations track the tide pools and figure out the epic affliction of twelve species of sea stars along the Pacific coast, documented from Sitka to Baja, Mexico. A sea star wasting disease is causing the biggest marine die-off yet known to human awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first talked to Dr. Peter Raimondi, chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/\">Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department at University of California Santa Cruz\u003c/a>, about the sea stars in March 2014, at which time he sounded fairly sanguine. After all, Raimondi had seen epidemic die-offs before. He had helped identify \u003cem>Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis \u003c/em>as the cause of a “\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/expeditions/southern-california-and-endangered-abalone-populations/\">withering syndrome\u003c/a>” that decimated black abalone in the 1990s. The bacterium attacks the abalone’s gut and it stops producing digestive enzymes. The die-off was severe enough that the black abalone has been designated an endangered species. So far there is no evidence of recovery in any of the affected areas, which are mostly in central California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sea star die-off is of bigger dimensions than the abalone’s—orders of magnitude bigger. While one species of abalone has nearly been vaporized, twelve species of sea star are going away fast. The abalone’s range is fairly restricted, but sea stars have been observed falling apart and eventually disintegrating from Alaska to Baja. And while every denizen plays a role in the practically infinite complexity of tide pool interaction, the sea star is arguably the star of the show, figuratively as well as literally. As unrelenting as these creatures evidently are, sea stars play a critical role in keeping things balanced in the tide pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1005561\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 4608px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1005561\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04.jpg\" alt=\"Sea stars with wasting disease develop white lesions and then literally fall apart.\" width=\"4608\" height=\"3456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04.jpg 4608w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4608px) 100vw, 4608px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sea stars with wasting disease develop white lesions and then literally fall apart. \u003ccite>(California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The wasting had had local, seasonal outbreaks before, in 1978, 1982, and 1997, taking down sea stars in spring or summer and then literally chilling out when the water temperatures did. “We started to focus in the summer of 2013,” Raimondi said, “but looking at some earlier reports, there were signs we didn’t catch. In the summer, we were up in Alaska and saw the sea stars wasting away—I’d seen this before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By August 2014, the tally of sea stars dead and gone had reached the millions, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/data-products/sea-star-wasting/index.html\">disease showed no signs of abatement\u003c/a>. The consolation of a known cause was not in sight. “It’s scary,” I said to Pete Raimondi. “Yeah,” he admitted. “It’s really, really creepy.” Raimondi may not want to call it the apocalypse, but since this is in fact the most extensive marine die-off yet known to contemporary history, the rest of us might at least want to call it a disaster. The term has a special resonance for the event, as \u003cem>dis \u003c/em>is Latin for “apart,” and \u003cem>aster \u003c/em>is “star.” The sea stars literally fall apart when they get this disease. Dis was a Roman god of the underworld, an association that flavors the term as if it were deity-ordained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Huge Interest’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the upside, sea star wasting comes at a time when we can observe and monitor it as never before. Pete Raimondi’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/index.html\">Pacific Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Program\u003c/a> has been surveying marine diversity for more than twenty years, and incorporates data from a previous effort that goes back ten more. The program is focused on the collection of data in a uniform way by professional scientists across geographic areas, but in many places these efforts are augmented by citizen science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1001131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1001131\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01.jpg\" alt=\"Smartphones have become the magic wands that accelerate citizen science.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With their photo and GPS capabilities, smartphones have become the magic wands that accelerate citizen science. \u003ccite>(Alison Young)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s really a new addition for us,” UC Santa Cruz research specialist Melissa Miner told me. Miner has worked with Raimondi since the inception of the rocky intertidal program. “We’ve thought about it for a long time. We wanted to add some aspect of citizen science to what we do, because there’s huge interest in it. Some of our funders have been calling for it for a long time. But a lot of what we do requires expertise.” It’s hard to tell one species of sea anemone from another, and forget it when it comes to sea worms. “When the sea star wasting arose it became clear that this was a good way to involve people. On the open coast sea stars are pretty easy to identify. Sea star monitoring requires little gear and site setup is flexible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is this it?” I couldn’t help but persist in asking. Miner knew what I was talking about. In July 2014, the prominent journal \u003cem>Science \u003c/em>had produced a special issue called “Vanishing Fauna” about the accelerating rate of species extinctions. It is possible that we will lose so many species that the way ecosystems operate will change, and not for the better. Loss of species can lead to accelerated rates of disease transmission from insects and birds, for example, to humans. Scourges like Ebola and Zika getting a faster ride on the conveyor belt between hosts. And one of a multitude of ongoing impacts on species loss could induce some kind of large-scale unraveling that would more directly threaten life as we know it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is this it? Losing all these sea stars—are we about to watch something horrendous unfold?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people want to assign this disease event as a sign of larger-scale issues in the ocean,” she said. “They’re talking local extinctions, but I wouldn’t conclude that yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Local extinctions” refers to populations and doesn’t mean the entire species everywhere goes away for good. But since “local extinctions” in this case refers to the entire West Coast of North America, the potential loss cannot be called anything less than staggering. The Pacific Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Program is now enlisting people to document juvenile sea stars. With data on how many young ones are populating the die-off areas, scientists may be able to figure out whether a recovery is under way. It sounded like good news that there are juveniles in many of the monitored tide pools. “But they are susceptible to the disease also,” Miner cautioned. So we will watch and see if they grow, or disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_982462\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 426px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-982462\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/CitSci_Hannibal_Cover_sm.png\" alt=\"Mary Ellen Hannibal chronicles a research revolution happening in the Bay Area's back yard and beyond.\" width=\"426\" height=\"486\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/CitSci_Hannibal_Cover_sm.png 426w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/CitSci_Hannibal_Cover_sm-400x456.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Ellen Hannibal chronicles a research revolution happening in the Bay Area’s back yard and beyond. \u003ccite>(The Experiment Publishing)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Excerpted from \u003ca href=\"http://theexperimentpublishing.com/catalogs/fall-2016/citizen-scientist/\">Citizen Scientist: Searching for Heroes and Hope in an Age of Extinction\u003c/a> by Mary Ellen Hannibal. Copyright © 2016 Mary Ellen Hannibal. Published with permission of the publisher, \u003ca href=\"http://www.theexperimentpublishing.com\">The Experiment\u003c/a>. Available wherever books are sold.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Can volunteers armed with smartphones transform scientific research? It's starting to look like it.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929612,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":2005},"headData":{"title":"Citizen Scientists Could Help Solve the Mystery of Vanishing 'Starfish' | KQED","description":"Can volunteers armed with smartphones transform scientific research? It's starting to look like it.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Citizen Scientists Could Help Solve the Mystery of Vanishing 'Starfish'","datePublished":"2016-09-19T13:00:52.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:33:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003cstrong>Mary Ellen Hannibal\u003c/strong>","path":"/science/982459/citizen-scientists-could-help-solve-the-mystery-of-vanishing-starfish","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Excerpt from “CITIZEN SCIENTIST: Searching for Heroes and Hope in an Age of Extinction.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At four in the morning on June 12, 2012, I drove down Cole Street in the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco, on my way to pick up a college intern carpooling with me to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>’ first citizen science tide-pool-monitoring expedition. The hour ranked as dead of night, but in this neighborhood, an imperfect Age of Aquarius is perpetually dawning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The date marked the lowest tide of the year in these parts, brought on by the moon’s position relative to the earth and the sun. This was the cosmic conjunction the intern and I were lining ourselves up with as we made a pretty straight shot twenty-five miles south to Pillar Point Harbor in Half Moon Bay, ahead of Silicon Valley traffic. My companion had a soft, ready smile even at this hour, and long blonde hair under a knit cap. I had determined our destination the old-fashioned way, by MapQuest, and following printed-out directions we arrived at the wrong beach. The intern cheerfully typed latitude and longitude coordinates into her smartphone and directed us by degree to the right one. Kids today!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citizen science is taking off as never before, and it is needed as never before. Scientists point out that while two million species have been named by science, millions more have yet to be discovered. At the same time, the sixth mass extinction crisis is taking out species before we even know they are there. What does it really take to save nature? How do we look at this gigantic problem? Citizen science starts with and continuously returns to individual observations of nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Neither of us could have known it at the time, but it was possible she would never again have the opportunity to observe a giant sea star in its lair.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The hermit crabs and brine shrimp we collected over the next three days of extra-low tides at Pillar Point would help embody a snapshot in time, physical reality as it existed in this moment on planet Earth. Every day our quarry would go back to the academy, where each thing would be officially named according to the age-old methods of taxonomy and suspended in jars of ethyl alcohol. Eventually they would be accessioned, taking their place among the twenty-two-million-and-counting specimens currently housed in vast metal cabinets in a temperature-controlled basement vault in the academy’s fancy building, designed by Renzo Piano, in Golden Gate Park. Thus they would join august company with specimens obscure and famous, including giant pink Galapagos iguanas brought back by Rollo Beck in 1906, and coelacanth fossils, thousands of years old, deposited at the academy in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Star Search\u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the tide pool I was riveted by fat pink sea stars sitting like satisfied gangsters and seemingly unconcerned by their exposure; gulls would peck at them but the sea stars simply grew replacement limbs. I stared at one about a foot in diameter, with a six-inch crab stuck like a pottery shard glued by Julian Schnabel to its gullet. I was actually watching the sea star digest the crab. Later in the morning my intern friend crouched nearby. Like me, she was practically babbling with pure joy, pointing out this thing and that thing, and then, regrettably, she picked up a giant pink sea star. Only a very young person would think about physically interacting with this exaggerated form. She grinned at me, holding out her hand, draped with what I grew up calling a starfish. However, these creatures are not fish. Sea stars have an ancient lineage and strange, unique features. Their skeleton is wholly internal like our skulls, constructed out of stony, hard tissues called \u003cem>stereom\u003c/em>. Their bizarre internal organs pump water through their bodies and move thousands of tiny tube feet for locomotion and eating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intern decided to put the sea star back into the water, but it didn’t want to go. It clung with all those tiny feet to her skin like Velcro drenched in superglue. She was brave while I helped pull the sea star off her and plunked it back down onto its rock, seemingly unperturbed. “I’m never going to do \u003cem>that \u003c/em>again,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1001018\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1001018\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099.jpeg\" alt='Sea stars, which often go by the misnomer \"starfish,\" have been vanishing from the Pacific coast at an alarming rate.' width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099.jpeg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099-400x267.jpeg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099-1440x960.jpeg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099-1920x1281.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Seastar_RM_Tidepool-1130099-960x640.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sea stars, which often go by the misnomer “starfish,” have been vanishing from the Pacific coast at an alarming rate. \u003ccite>(Richard Morganstein)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Neither of us could have known it at the time, but it was possible she would never again have the opportunity to observe a giant sea star in its lair. In June 2012, our team documented approximately seventy-plus sea stars in each delineated transect. A transect is simply a measured-out plot, sometimes square, rectangular, or circular, depending on the research question and the terrain. A year later, surveys turned up five to none in some transects. Citizen science is being deployed big time to help professional monitoring operations track the tide pools and figure out the epic affliction of twelve species of sea stars along the Pacific coast, documented from Sitka to Baja, Mexico. A sea star wasting disease is causing the biggest marine die-off yet known to human awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first talked to Dr. Peter Raimondi, chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/\">Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department at University of California Santa Cruz\u003c/a>, about the sea stars in March 2014, at which time he sounded fairly sanguine. After all, Raimondi had seen epidemic die-offs before. He had helped identify \u003cem>Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis \u003c/em>as the cause of a “\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/expeditions/southern-california-and-endangered-abalone-populations/\">withering syndrome\u003c/a>” that decimated black abalone in the 1990s. The bacterium attacks the abalone’s gut and it stops producing digestive enzymes. The die-off was severe enough that the black abalone has been designated an endangered species. So far there is no evidence of recovery in any of the affected areas, which are mostly in central California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sea star die-off is of bigger dimensions than the abalone’s—orders of magnitude bigger. While one species of abalone has nearly been vaporized, twelve species of sea star are going away fast. The abalone’s range is fairly restricted, but sea stars have been observed falling apart and eventually disintegrating from Alaska to Baja. And while every denizen plays a role in the practically infinite complexity of tide pool interaction, the sea star is arguably the star of the show, figuratively as well as literally. As unrelenting as these creatures evidently are, sea stars play a critical role in keeping things balanced in the tide pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1005561\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 4608px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1005561\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04.jpg\" alt=\"Sea stars with wasting disease develop white lesions and then literally fall apart.\" width=\"4608\" height=\"3456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04.jpg 4608w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/P_ochraceus_wasting_04-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4608px) 100vw, 4608px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sea stars with wasting disease develop white lesions and then literally fall apart. \u003ccite>(California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The wasting had had local, seasonal outbreaks before, in 1978, 1982, and 1997, taking down sea stars in spring or summer and then literally chilling out when the water temperatures did. “We started to focus in the summer of 2013,” Raimondi said, “but looking at some earlier reports, there were signs we didn’t catch. In the summer, we were up in Alaska and saw the sea stars wasting away—I’d seen this before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By August 2014, the tally of sea stars dead and gone had reached the millions, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/data-products/sea-star-wasting/index.html\">disease showed no signs of abatement\u003c/a>. The consolation of a known cause was not in sight. “It’s scary,” I said to Pete Raimondi. “Yeah,” he admitted. “It’s really, really creepy.” Raimondi may not want to call it the apocalypse, but since this is in fact the most extensive marine die-off yet known to contemporary history, the rest of us might at least want to call it a disaster. The term has a special resonance for the event, as \u003cem>dis \u003c/em>is Latin for “apart,” and \u003cem>aster \u003c/em>is “star.” The sea stars literally fall apart when they get this disease. Dis was a Roman god of the underworld, an association that flavors the term as if it were deity-ordained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Huge Interest’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the upside, sea star wasting comes at a time when we can observe and monitor it as never before. Pete Raimondi’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/index.html\">Pacific Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Program\u003c/a> has been surveying marine diversity for more than twenty years, and incorporates data from a previous effort that goes back ten more. The program is focused on the collection of data in a uniform way by professional scientists across geographic areas, but in many places these efforts are augmented by citizen science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1001131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1001131\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01.jpg\" alt=\"Smartphones have become the magic wands that accelerate citizen science.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/MEH_PP01-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With their photo and GPS capabilities, smartphones have become the magic wands that accelerate citizen science. \u003ccite>(Alison Young)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s really a new addition for us,” UC Santa Cruz research specialist Melissa Miner told me. Miner has worked with Raimondi since the inception of the rocky intertidal program. “We’ve thought about it for a long time. We wanted to add some aspect of citizen science to what we do, because there’s huge interest in it. Some of our funders have been calling for it for a long time. But a lot of what we do requires expertise.” It’s hard to tell one species of sea anemone from another, and forget it when it comes to sea worms. “When the sea star wasting arose it became clear that this was a good way to involve people. On the open coast sea stars are pretty easy to identify. Sea star monitoring requires little gear and site setup is flexible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is this it?” I couldn’t help but persist in asking. Miner knew what I was talking about. In July 2014, the prominent journal \u003cem>Science \u003c/em>had produced a special issue called “Vanishing Fauna” about the accelerating rate of species extinctions. It is possible that we will lose so many species that the way ecosystems operate will change, and not for the better. Loss of species can lead to accelerated rates of disease transmission from insects and birds, for example, to humans. Scourges like Ebola and Zika getting a faster ride on the conveyor belt between hosts. And one of a multitude of ongoing impacts on species loss could induce some kind of large-scale unraveling that would more directly threaten life as we know it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is this it? Losing all these sea stars—are we about to watch something horrendous unfold?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people want to assign this disease event as a sign of larger-scale issues in the ocean,” she said. “They’re talking local extinctions, but I wouldn’t conclude that yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Local extinctions” refers to populations and doesn’t mean the entire species everywhere goes away for good. But since “local extinctions” in this case refers to the entire West Coast of North America, the potential loss cannot be called anything less than staggering. The Pacific Rocky Intertidal Monitoring Program is now enlisting people to document juvenile sea stars. With data on how many young ones are populating the die-off areas, scientists may be able to figure out whether a recovery is under way. It sounded like good news that there are juveniles in many of the monitored tide pools. “But they are susceptible to the disease also,” Miner cautioned. So we will watch and see if they grow, or disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_982462\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 426px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-982462\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/CitSci_Hannibal_Cover_sm.png\" alt=\"Mary Ellen Hannibal chronicles a research revolution happening in the Bay Area's back yard and beyond.\" width=\"426\" height=\"486\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/CitSci_Hannibal_Cover_sm.png 426w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/CitSci_Hannibal_Cover_sm-400x456.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mary Ellen Hannibal chronicles a research revolution happening in the Bay Area’s back yard and beyond. \u003ccite>(The Experiment Publishing)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Excerpted from \u003ca href=\"http://theexperimentpublishing.com/catalogs/fall-2016/citizen-scientist/\">Citizen Scientist: Searching for Heroes and Hope in an Age of Extinction\u003c/a> by Mary Ellen Hannibal. Copyright © 2016 Mary Ellen Hannibal. Published with permission of the publisher, \u003ca href=\"http://www.theexperimentpublishing.com\">The Experiment\u003c/a>. Available wherever books are sold.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/982459/citizen-scientists-could-help-solve-the-mystery-of-vanishing-starfish","authors":["byline_science_982459"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_31","science_32","science_35","science_2873"],"tags":["science_123"],"featImg":"science_1000691","label":"science"},"science_497357":{"type":"posts","id":"science_497357","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"497357","score":null,"sort":[1454061619000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"move-over-california-poppy-this-state-has-a-new-symbol","title":"Move Over California Poppy: This State Has a New Symbol","publishDate":1454061619,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Move Over California Poppy: This State Has a New Symbol | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>On New Year’s Day, lace lichen, a stringy green organism often called “Spanish moss” that hangs from oak trees around California, joined the grizzly bear, California poppy, California quail and gold as an official \u003ca href=\"http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/states/united-states/california\">California State symbol\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law, signed last July by Gov. Jerry Brown, made California the first state to claim an official lichen. Lace lichen can be found in almost every part of the state, from the north to south and up to 130 miles inland from the shoreline. Draping from tree branches, which it uses for support, not sustenance, there are about 1,900 kinds of lichen, along with the lace variety, native to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Lichen Society proposed adding a state lichen and state Assemblyman Marc Levine, D-San Rafael, wrote AB 1528, which sailed through the Legislature without much disagreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine said he carried the bill because it fits his interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have lifelong love of the outdoors,” he said. “I loved exploring and playing under the tree canopies as a boy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine said one of his next bills will identify wildlife corridors to help protect migrating animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_497733\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-497733\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/20160115_134828-400x225.jpg\" alt=\"It's commonly found along the coast, often in the branches of coast live oaks.\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/20160115_134828-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/20160115_134828-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/20160115_134828-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/20160115_134828-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/20160115_134828-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/20160115_134828-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/20160115_134828-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lace lichen is commonly found along the coast, often in the branches of coast live oaks. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Kelsey Gielen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lichen, which is actually a complex life form that is a partnership of fungus and algae, has long been misunderstood and overlooked, scientists say. In the mid-19th century, it was misclassified in the moss and liverwort family. \u003ca href=\"http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/24954/title/Beatrix-Potter--scientist/\">Beatrix Potter\u003c/a>, of Peter Rabbit fame, was an unlikely lichen champion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She contributed to lichen and fungus research before she found literary fame. In the late 1800s she did botanical studies and research in her kitchen, wrote a scientific paper about fungus and spore reproduction, and supported the view, unpopular with scientists of the time, that lichen belonged in its own family. She produced many wonderful, detailed drawings of fungus and lichen species. Since she was a woman, though, a male scientist had to present her scientific paper and research to the Linnean Society of London.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lowly lichen is both hardy and sensitive. It has survived the extremities of experimental exposure in outer space. And it can be shut in a drawer in a museum for decades, and yet live again when given sunlight and water. It is found on nearly every surface of the Earth — from the North to the South poles and desert floors to rocky mountain tops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet some species are very sensitive to air pollution – especially sulphur dioxide, radiation and other toxic pollutants – making them a useful, inexpensive environmental monitor. The US Forest Service is undertaking a \u003ca href=\"http://fhm.fs.fed.us/fact/pdf_files/fhm_lichen_2009.pdf\">study of lichen communities\u003c/a> that may even help determine how fast the climate is changing. Citizen science projects to \u003ca href=\"https://www.handsontheland.org/environmental-monitoring/lichen-monitoring.html\">monitor lichen\u003c/a> are underway that are easy enough for elementary school students to contribute to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest advocates for the otherwise quirky bill say they had a good reason: to raise public awareness about these unique species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Calling attention to lichens by recognizing one of them as the California state lichen creates an opportunity for us to learn about and celebrate the things that make California special,” the California Lichen Society said in a statement after its bill became law.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Only in California: lichen joins the grizzly, poppy, and quail as a new state symbol.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704930708,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":574},"headData":{"title":"Move Over California Poppy: This State Has a New Symbol | KQED","description":"Only in California: lichen joins the grizzly, poppy, and quail as a new state symbol.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Move Over California Poppy: This State Has a New Symbol","datePublished":"2016-01-29T10:00:19.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T23:51:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/497357/move-over-california-poppy-this-state-has-a-new-symbol","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On New Year’s Day, lace lichen, a stringy green organism often called “Spanish moss” that hangs from oak trees around California, joined the grizzly bear, California poppy, California quail and gold as an official \u003ca href=\"http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/states/united-states/california\">California State symbol\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law, signed last July by Gov. Jerry Brown, made California the first state to claim an official lichen. Lace lichen can be found in almost every part of the state, from the north to south and up to 130 miles inland from the shoreline. Draping from tree branches, which it uses for support, not sustenance, there are about 1,900 kinds of lichen, along with the lace variety, native to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Lichen Society proposed adding a state lichen and state Assemblyman Marc Levine, D-San Rafael, wrote AB 1528, which sailed through the Legislature without much disagreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine said he carried the bill because it fits his interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have lifelong love of the outdoors,” he said. “I loved exploring and playing under the tree canopies as a boy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine said one of his next bills will identify wildlife corridors to help protect migrating animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_497733\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-497733\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/20160115_134828-400x225.jpg\" alt=\"It's commonly found along the coast, often in the branches of coast live oaks.\" width=\"400\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/20160115_134828-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/20160115_134828-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/20160115_134828-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/20160115_134828-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/20160115_134828-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/20160115_134828-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/20160115_134828-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lace lichen is commonly found along the coast, often in the branches of coast live oaks. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Kelsey Gielen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lichen, which is actually a complex life form that is a partnership of fungus and algae, has long been misunderstood and overlooked, scientists say. In the mid-19th century, it was misclassified in the moss and liverwort family. \u003ca href=\"http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/24954/title/Beatrix-Potter--scientist/\">Beatrix Potter\u003c/a>, of Peter Rabbit fame, was an unlikely lichen champion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She contributed to lichen and fungus research before she found literary fame. In the late 1800s she did botanical studies and research in her kitchen, wrote a scientific paper about fungus and spore reproduction, and supported the view, unpopular with scientists of the time, that lichen belonged in its own family. She produced many wonderful, detailed drawings of fungus and lichen species. Since she was a woman, though, a male scientist had to present her scientific paper and research to the Linnean Society of London.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lowly lichen is both hardy and sensitive. It has survived the extremities of experimental exposure in outer space. And it can be shut in a drawer in a museum for decades, and yet live again when given sunlight and water. It is found on nearly every surface of the Earth — from the North to the South poles and desert floors to rocky mountain tops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet some species are very sensitive to air pollution – especially sulphur dioxide, radiation and other toxic pollutants – making them a useful, inexpensive environmental monitor. The US Forest Service is undertaking a \u003ca href=\"http://fhm.fs.fed.us/fact/pdf_files/fhm_lichen_2009.pdf\">study of lichen communities\u003c/a> that may even help determine how fast the climate is changing. Citizen science projects to \u003ca href=\"https://www.handsontheland.org/environmental-monitoring/lichen-monitoring.html\">monitor lichen\u003c/a> are underway that are easy enough for elementary school students to contribute to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest advocates for the otherwise quirky bill say they had a good reason: to raise public awareness about these unique species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Calling attention to lichens by recognizing one of them as the California state lichen creates an opportunity for us to learn about and celebrate the things that make California special,” the California Lichen Society said in a statement after its bill became law.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/497357/move-over-california-poppy-this-state-has-a-new-symbol","authors":["6328"],"categories":["science_30","science_31","science_35"],"tags":["science_123"],"featImg":"science_497734","label":"science"},"science_28387":{"type":"posts","id":"science_28387","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"28387","score":null,"sort":[1426770036000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"after-an-earthquake-use-your-phone-camera-for-science","title":"After an Earthquake, Use Your Phone Camera - For Science","publishDate":1426770036,"format":"aside","headTitle":"After an Earthquake, Use Your Phone Camera – For Science | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28388\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/napa-quake-field.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/napa-quake-field.jpg\" alt=\"Moletrack from fault motion during the Napa earthquake\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28388\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Movement on the West Napa Fault raised this “moletrack” during the 2014 South Napa earthquake. Ordinary people can document earthquake phenomena in ways that help science. (Dan Ponti/USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you live in the Bay area long enough, you’ll experience a large earthquake. When that happens, of course the first priority is to save yourself and check on your neighbors. But new imaging techniques give you ways of using your phone to help scientists learn from the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Napa earthquake of August 24, 2014 was documented by thousands of people around the epicenter, each in their own ways. Images from that day show that most people, naturally, turned their cameras toward broken buildings, fires, injuries and ambulances. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when earthquake scientists entered the epicentral area, their eyes were on the ground. Time is crucial in quake investigations, and much can happen during the hours and days before scientists get around to every interesting spot. Residents have the advantage of being there already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geologists pour into town after a large earthquake. Some are there to assess damages and help plan repairs. Others will be researchers from state and federal agencies. Earth science teachers will bring their classes to the scene, first to help out and second to give students a taste of meaningful fieldwork. Mike Oskin, a UC Davis researcher, was one of those who raced in with his students to study the quake zone after the Napa quake. He says that phone cameras recorded scientifically useful data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you happen to be near evidence of the quake, here’s what to document:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ground offsets:\u003c/strong> Fresh cracks with evidence of motion—up, down or sideways—are valuable clues. Take these photos early and often, Oskin says: “The phenomenon of afterslip, where slow deformation continues after the earthquake, means that getting an observation as soon as possible is desirable, along with additional observations later.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28389\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/napa-road-buckle.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/napa-road-buckle.jpg\" alt=\"Fault disturbance on a Napa street\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28389\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fault-related displacement in a Napa street was captured before repair crews wiped it out. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/matthewkeycs/\">Matthew Keys\u003c/a>/\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/\">CC BY-ND\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upheaval and subsidence:\u003c/strong> Sloping ground, or land near a riverbank, may sink as the ground compacts or moves sideways. Other areas may rise from compressive forces, like the “moletrack” shown at the top of this post. Again, repeated photos can document a history of progressive motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Landslides:\u003c/strong> These can happen from minutes to months after an earthquake, depending on the degree of shaking, recent rainfall and aftershocks. A series of images taken from the same spot can document imperceptible shifts in the land before a slide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sand boils and similar disturbances:\u003c/strong> Eruptions of mud and sand are common after many earthquakes. Recording short videos of these as well as still images may be useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Streamflow:\u003c/strong> A well-known aftereffect of earthquakes is a short-lived surge in water flowing through streams. If you live near a stream, even one that’s dry most of the year, check it often and record any changes in its behavior. Short videos may help in gauging the volume of flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When taking photos, put a familiar object in the shot for a sense of scale. Coins or keys are handy scale objects, but almost anything will do. (Geologists on vacation often use their spouses and children.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you’ve gathered photographic data, it’s important to find a scientist to share it with, the sooner the better. Oskin says, “Early on scientists don’t know where to find the surface rupture, so citizen-scientists can contribute a lot to figuring out what happened. As far as I’m concerned, broadcasting information via social media (Twitter) is perfect for sharing information about surface rupture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists themselves were well served after the Napa quake by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiaeqclearinghouse.org/\">California Earthquake Clearinghouse\u003c/a>, a temporary field center where all sorts of responders could coordinate and share information. So if you give a scientist a tip to something interesting, they will know where to pass it on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most promising advance in this field is that scientists can stitch sets of photos—even your phone-cam shots—into three-dimensional models. This technique is called “structure from motion,” or SfM. Tim Dawson of the California Geological Survey, who coordinated the state’s data collection campaign after the Napa quake, says of SfM that “if people were more aware of it, it would be useful for quick data collection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X12004217\">SfM was introduced to Earth scientists just a few years ago\u003c/a>. It’s like the familiar process of making stereoscopic images, but on steroids. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28390\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/vofstereo.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/vofstereo.jpg\" alt=\"Stereo image from Valley of Fire, Nevada\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28390\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stereo image of a scene from Nevada’s Valley of Fire State Park. To view it, carefully cross your eyes until the two images fuse in a 3D picture. (Andrew Alden) \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In stereoscopy, the brain matches corresponding features in the two images and automatically translates them into a 3D picture. In SfM, a computer matches small details between multiple images and uses them as a framework to assemble the data into a 3D model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make a set of photos for SfM, walk around the feature and take at least a dozen shots. Ensure lots of overlap, be sure to add a scale object, and don’t change the zoom or the camera orientation. The geolocation and EXIF data that most smartphones and cameras attach to photos is very helpful for scientific purposes. Oskin says that his students are refining the technique: “One of our goals is in fact to make this accessible for the public.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone with the presence of mind to look around in the wake of a major quake can contribute to earthquake science. In your hands, a smartphone can become a scientific tool. If this appeals to you, put a portable charger on your emergency preparedness shopping list.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Large earthquakes are in our future. When one strikes, there are ways you can help scientists study the event using your phone.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932115,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":982},"headData":{"title":"After an Earthquake, Use Your Phone Camera - For Science | KQED","description":"Large earthquakes are in our future. When one strikes, there are ways you can help scientists study the event using your phone.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"After an Earthquake, Use Your Phone Camera - For Science","datePublished":"2015-03-19T13:00:36.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:15:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/28387/after-an-earthquake-use-your-phone-camera-for-science","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28388\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/napa-quake-field.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/napa-quake-field.jpg\" alt=\"Moletrack from fault motion during the Napa earthquake\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28388\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Movement on the West Napa Fault raised this “moletrack” during the 2014 South Napa earthquake. Ordinary people can document earthquake phenomena in ways that help science. (Dan Ponti/USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you live in the Bay area long enough, you’ll experience a large earthquake. When that happens, of course the first priority is to save yourself and check on your neighbors. But new imaging techniques give you ways of using your phone to help scientists learn from the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Napa earthquake of August 24, 2014 was documented by thousands of people around the epicenter, each in their own ways. Images from that day show that most people, naturally, turned their cameras toward broken buildings, fires, injuries and ambulances. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when earthquake scientists entered the epicentral area, their eyes were on the ground. Time is crucial in quake investigations, and much can happen during the hours and days before scientists get around to every interesting spot. Residents have the advantage of being there already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geologists pour into town after a large earthquake. Some are there to assess damages and help plan repairs. Others will be researchers from state and federal agencies. Earth science teachers will bring their classes to the scene, first to help out and second to give students a taste of meaningful fieldwork. Mike Oskin, a UC Davis researcher, was one of those who raced in with his students to study the quake zone after the Napa quake. He says that phone cameras recorded scientifically useful data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you happen to be near evidence of the quake, here’s what to document:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ground offsets:\u003c/strong> Fresh cracks with evidence of motion—up, down or sideways—are valuable clues. Take these photos early and often, Oskin says: “The phenomenon of afterslip, where slow deformation continues after the earthquake, means that getting an observation as soon as possible is desirable, along with additional observations later.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28389\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/napa-road-buckle.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/napa-road-buckle.jpg\" alt=\"Fault disturbance on a Napa street\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28389\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fault-related displacement in a Napa street was captured before repair crews wiped it out. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/matthewkeycs/\">Matthew Keys\u003c/a>/\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/\">CC BY-ND\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upheaval and subsidence:\u003c/strong> Sloping ground, or land near a riverbank, may sink as the ground compacts or moves sideways. Other areas may rise from compressive forces, like the “moletrack” shown at the top of this post. Again, repeated photos can document a history of progressive motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Landslides:\u003c/strong> These can happen from minutes to months after an earthquake, depending on the degree of shaking, recent rainfall and aftershocks. A series of images taken from the same spot can document imperceptible shifts in the land before a slide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sand boils and similar disturbances:\u003c/strong> Eruptions of mud and sand are common after many earthquakes. Recording short videos of these as well as still images may be useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Streamflow:\u003c/strong> A well-known aftereffect of earthquakes is a short-lived surge in water flowing through streams. If you live near a stream, even one that’s dry most of the year, check it often and record any changes in its behavior. Short videos may help in gauging the volume of flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When taking photos, put a familiar object in the shot for a sense of scale. Coins or keys are handy scale objects, but almost anything will do. (Geologists on vacation often use their spouses and children.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you’ve gathered photographic data, it’s important to find a scientist to share it with, the sooner the better. Oskin says, “Early on scientists don’t know where to find the surface rupture, so citizen-scientists can contribute a lot to figuring out what happened. As far as I’m concerned, broadcasting information via social media (Twitter) is perfect for sharing information about surface rupture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists themselves were well served after the Napa quake by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiaeqclearinghouse.org/\">California Earthquake Clearinghouse\u003c/a>, a temporary field center where all sorts of responders could coordinate and share information. So if you give a scientist a tip to something interesting, they will know where to pass it on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most promising advance in this field is that scientists can stitch sets of photos—even your phone-cam shots—into three-dimensional models. This technique is called “structure from motion,” or SfM. Tim Dawson of the California Geological Survey, who coordinated the state’s data collection campaign after the Napa quake, says of SfM that “if people were more aware of it, it would be useful for quick data collection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X12004217\">SfM was introduced to Earth scientists just a few years ago\u003c/a>. It’s like the familiar process of making stereoscopic images, but on steroids. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28390\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/vofstereo.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/vofstereo.jpg\" alt=\"Stereo image from Valley of Fire, Nevada\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28390\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stereo image of a scene from Nevada’s Valley of Fire State Park. To view it, carefully cross your eyes until the two images fuse in a 3D picture. (Andrew Alden) \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In stereoscopy, the brain matches corresponding features in the two images and automatically translates them into a 3D picture. In SfM, a computer matches small details between multiple images and uses them as a framework to assemble the data into a 3D model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make a set of photos for SfM, walk around the feature and take at least a dozen shots. Ensure lots of overlap, be sure to add a scale object, and don’t change the zoom or the camera orientation. The geolocation and EXIF data that most smartphones and cameras attach to photos is very helpful for scientific purposes. Oskin says that his students are refining the technique: “One of our goals is in fact to make this accessible for the public.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone with the presence of mind to look around in the wake of a major quake can contribute to earthquake science. In your hands, a smartphone can become a scientific tool. If this appeals to you, put a portable charger on your emergency preparedness shopping list.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/28387/after-an-earthquake-use-your-phone-camera-for-science","authors":["6228"],"categories":["science_38"],"tags":["science_123","science_1888","science_427","science_1841"],"featImg":"science_28388","label":"science"},"science_17376":{"type":"posts","id":"science_17376","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"17376","score":null,"sort":[1399901445000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"for-san-francisco-bone-collector-skulls-are-a-lifelong-love-affair","title":"For San Francisco Bone Collector, Skulls Are a Lifelong Love Affair","publishDate":1399901445,"format":"audio","headTitle":"For San Francisco Bone Collector, Skulls Are a Lifelong Love Affair | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>[UPDATE: Ray Bandar passed away in late December, 2017. His work lives on at the California Academy of Sciences.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are hobbies and then there are lifelong passions. Ray Bandar’s passion is finding and cleaning skulls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For six decades, Bandar has been making a quiet contribution to science, harvesting the bones of dead animals on the California coast and amassing an impressive collection of skulls. On Friday the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> in San Francisco is opening a \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/academy/exhibits/skulls/\">new exhibit of skulls\u003c/a> that features his work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bandar keeps his own collection in the basement of his San Francisco home. The “bone palace,” as he calls it, holds close to 7,000 skulls and skeletons, stacked floor to ceiling. He organizes the shelves by species, including seals, sea lions, leopards, cheetahs, horses, zebras, giraffes and dolphins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is largest animal that lives and breeds in California,” Bandar says, holding up an elephant seal skull. “That’s an adult female.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bandar is a spritely 86-year-old with an encyclopedic knowledge of the bones. “Sixty years at Ocean Beach, I’ve been decapitating dead marine mammals,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17387\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/DSC01301-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17387 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/DSC01301.jpg\" alt='Ray \"Bones\" Bandar has spent six decades finding and cleaning animal bones. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)' width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ray ‘Bones’ Bandar has spent six decades finding dead animals and preparing their bones. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For most of his life, Bandar searched local beaches for dead sea lions and seals and removed the heads. As a volunteer with the California Academy of Sciences, he worked under its scientific collection permit from the state. The more exotic animals in his collection came from local zoos after the animals died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cleaning skulls is not for the faint of heart. “I remove as much flesh as possible,” he says. “Put them in bucket of water. Put them in a warm spot and leave it to sit there for weeks and the bacterial action removes all the organic material.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bandar’s fascination with the natural world began as a kid growing up in San Francisco, when he collected snakes and frogs in Golden Gate Park and donated them to the Steinhart Aquarium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He collected his first skull in his twenties, dragging the head of a harbor seal back to his parents’ house — on public transportation. He says he wondered to himself how he could get the meat off. “So I put it in a big pot. Said, ‘Well, I guess I’ll boil it.’ And boy did it stink up the house. When my parents came home, they weren’t too happy about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17390\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/Basement1-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17390 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/Basement1.jpg\" alt=\"Bandar has almost 7,000 skulls and skeletons in his San Francisco basement\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are almost 7,000 skulls and skeletons in Bandar’s San Francisco basement. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Bandar attracted crowds of beachgoers as he harvested skulls. Occasionally, he attracted suspicion, like the time in Half Moon Bay when he was working on a 14-foot elephant seal carcass in front of the Ritz-Carlton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sitting on his neck, cutting away, trying to sever the skull from the torso,” he recalls. “And I turn around and standing on the beach is three cops.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policemen eyed Bandar’s ratty field jacket, covered in rotting flesh. They’d gotten a number of phone calls, Bandar says. “More than one call is, ‘There’s this homeless guy. He’s trying to eat this dead elephant seal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bandar’s wife of 60 years doesn’t mind his hobby. The two of them met in art school. On their honeymoon to New York City, they fell in love with the bone displays at the American Museum of Natural History.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vertebrae hang next to his wife’s paintings in their living room. “To me,” Bandar says, “they’re beautiful pieces of sculpture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17391\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/Basement7-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17391 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/Basement7.jpg\" alt=\"Bandar would often attract crowds of beachgoers as he worked, as well as the police. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bandar would often attract crowds of beachgoers as he worked, as well as, occasionally, the police. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bandar went on to teach biology for 32 years at Fremont High School in East Oakland, where dissection was a big part of the curriculum. “Even in medical school, the students do not get what they got in my classroom,” he says. “I still hear from my students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bandar retired from collecting specimens last summer. The skulls in his basement will eventually go to the California Academy of Sciences, where his work will comprise one-fifth of the museum’s ornithology and mammalogy collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Academy’s collection of skulls teaches the public, including thousands of school children who come to the museum each year, about wildlife and the natural world. One of the Academy’s collectors is curatorial assistant Sue Pemberton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the specimen preparation room, Pemberton describes the work she has in progress. “You’ll see over on the left here I have a young elephant seal skull,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skull is crawling with dermestid beetles, which specialize in eating dead flesh. Pemberton uses them to clean skulls for the collection. She also uses large buckets of water, the same method Bandar employs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pemberton pulls a harbor seal skull out of a bucket, and a putrid odor fills the air. “Smells like the worst outhouse you can ever be in,” she says. “But that’s how it works. Everything kind of breaks down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17395\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/DSC01243-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17395 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/DSC01243.jpg\" alt=\"Dermestid beetles clean a young elephant seal skull at the California Academy of Sciences. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dermestid beetles clean the flesh off a young elephant seal skull at the California Academy of Sciences. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The skulls also help scientists learn how marine mammals are doing off the California coast. The bones reveal if the animals were sick and what they ate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pulls out a southern sea otter skull to illustrate. “Here you can see what color the teeth are. Bright purple, like the-color-of-grape-juice purple.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The otter stained its teeth eating purple sea urchins. Other sea otters have completely different diets, which they learn from their mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pemberton heads out to the beach whenever a report comes in of a dead animal; she’s part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/health/networks.htm#westcoast\">Marine Mammal Stranding Network\u003c/a>, a group of wildlife centers and museums that responds to reports. Her whale kit is ready to go on the table: a dozen steak knives and an ax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17396\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/DSC01248-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17396 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/DSC01248.jpg\" alt=\"A southern sea otter skull has purple teeth, stained from the sea urchins that made up its diet. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A southern sea otter skull with purple teeth, stained from the sea urchins that made up its diet. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes there’s a blubber layer that’s two feet thick,” she says. “So you’re having to get through that to get to what you think might be the cause of death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pemberton and others have documented cases where ship strikes killed whales off the coast. The data actually helped change policy. Last year, federal officials \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/06/04/san-francisco-bay-shipping-lanes-narrowed-to-protect-whales/\">put in new speed limits\u003c/a> for cargo ships coming into San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s what you think about when you’re elbow-deep in rotted, dead whales,” she says. “And it’s not pleasant by any stretch. But to know that it’s actually helping with the conservation and protection of all the whales that come after that, it makes all really worthwhile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Academy’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/academy/exhibits/skulls/\">exhibit of skulls\u003c/a>, featuring Ray Bandar’s work, opens to the public on May 16.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17401\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/DSC01268-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17401 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/DSC01268.jpg\" alt=\"DSC01268\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A box of monkey skulls in Bandar’s collection, with room for more. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"San Francisco's California Academy of Sciences opens a skull exhibit this week, featuring the work of Ray Bandar, a man who has devoted 60 years to cleaning the skulls and bones of some of California's most beloved animals.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933681,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1258},"headData":{"title":"For San Francisco Bone Collector, Skulls Are a Lifelong Love Affair | KQED","description":"San Francisco's California Academy of Sciences opens a skull exhibit this week, featuring the work of Ray Bandar, a man who has devoted 60 years to cleaning the skulls and bones of some of California's most beloved animals.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"For San Francisco Bone Collector, Skulls Are a Lifelong Love Affair","datePublished":"2014-05-12T13:30:45.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:41:21.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"KQED Science","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/","audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/05/20140512science.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/17376/for-san-francisco-bone-collector-skulls-are-a-lifelong-love-affair","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[UPDATE: Ray Bandar passed away in late December, 2017. His work lives on at the California Academy of Sciences.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are hobbies and then there are lifelong passions. Ray Bandar’s passion is finding and cleaning skulls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For six decades, Bandar has been making a quiet contribution to science, harvesting the bones of dead animals on the California coast and amassing an impressive collection of skulls. On Friday the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> in San Francisco is opening a \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/academy/exhibits/skulls/\">new exhibit of skulls\u003c/a> that features his work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bandar keeps his own collection in the basement of his San Francisco home. The “bone palace,” as he calls it, holds close to 7,000 skulls and skeletons, stacked floor to ceiling. He organizes the shelves by species, including seals, sea lions, leopards, cheetahs, horses, zebras, giraffes and dolphins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is largest animal that lives and breeds in California,” Bandar says, holding up an elephant seal skull. “That’s an adult female.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bandar is a spritely 86-year-old with an encyclopedic knowledge of the bones. “Sixty years at Ocean Beach, I’ve been decapitating dead marine mammals,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17387\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/DSC01301-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17387 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/DSC01301.jpg\" alt='Ray \"Bones\" Bandar has spent six decades finding and cleaning animal bones. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)' width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ray ‘Bones’ Bandar has spent six decades finding dead animals and preparing their bones. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For most of his life, Bandar searched local beaches for dead sea lions and seals and removed the heads. As a volunteer with the California Academy of Sciences, he worked under its scientific collection permit from the state. The more exotic animals in his collection came from local zoos after the animals died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cleaning skulls is not for the faint of heart. “I remove as much flesh as possible,” he says. “Put them in bucket of water. Put them in a warm spot and leave it to sit there for weeks and the bacterial action removes all the organic material.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bandar’s fascination with the natural world began as a kid growing up in San Francisco, when he collected snakes and frogs in Golden Gate Park and donated them to the Steinhart Aquarium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He collected his first skull in his twenties, dragging the head of a harbor seal back to his parents’ house — on public transportation. He says he wondered to himself how he could get the meat off. “So I put it in a big pot. Said, ‘Well, I guess I’ll boil it.’ And boy did it stink up the house. When my parents came home, they weren’t too happy about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17390\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/Basement1-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17390 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/Basement1.jpg\" alt=\"Bandar has almost 7,000 skulls and skeletons in his San Francisco basement\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are almost 7,000 skulls and skeletons in Bandar’s San Francisco basement. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Bandar attracted crowds of beachgoers as he harvested skulls. Occasionally, he attracted suspicion, like the time in Half Moon Bay when he was working on a 14-foot elephant seal carcass in front of the Ritz-Carlton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sitting on his neck, cutting away, trying to sever the skull from the torso,” he recalls. “And I turn around and standing on the beach is three cops.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policemen eyed Bandar’s ratty field jacket, covered in rotting flesh. They’d gotten a number of phone calls, Bandar says. “More than one call is, ‘There’s this homeless guy. He’s trying to eat this dead elephant seal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bandar’s wife of 60 years doesn’t mind his hobby. The two of them met in art school. On their honeymoon to New York City, they fell in love with the bone displays at the American Museum of Natural History.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vertebrae hang next to his wife’s paintings in their living room. “To me,” Bandar says, “they’re beautiful pieces of sculpture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17391\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/Basement7-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17391 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/Basement7.jpg\" alt=\"Bandar would often attract crowds of beachgoers as he worked, as well as the police. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bandar would often attract crowds of beachgoers as he worked, as well as, occasionally, the police. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bandar went on to teach biology for 32 years at Fremont High School in East Oakland, where dissection was a big part of the curriculum. “Even in medical school, the students do not get what they got in my classroom,” he says. “I still hear from my students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bandar retired from collecting specimens last summer. The skulls in his basement will eventually go to the California Academy of Sciences, where his work will comprise one-fifth of the museum’s ornithology and mammalogy collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Academy’s collection of skulls teaches the public, including thousands of school children who come to the museum each year, about wildlife and the natural world. One of the Academy’s collectors is curatorial assistant Sue Pemberton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the specimen preparation room, Pemberton describes the work she has in progress. “You’ll see over on the left here I have a young elephant seal skull,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skull is crawling with dermestid beetles, which specialize in eating dead flesh. Pemberton uses them to clean skulls for the collection. She also uses large buckets of water, the same method Bandar employs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pemberton pulls a harbor seal skull out of a bucket, and a putrid odor fills the air. “Smells like the worst outhouse you can ever be in,” she says. “But that’s how it works. Everything kind of breaks down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17395\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/DSC01243-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17395 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/DSC01243.jpg\" alt=\"Dermestid beetles clean a young elephant seal skull at the California Academy of Sciences. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dermestid beetles clean the flesh off a young elephant seal skull at the California Academy of Sciences. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The skulls also help scientists learn how marine mammals are doing off the California coast. The bones reveal if the animals were sick and what they ate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pulls out a southern sea otter skull to illustrate. “Here you can see what color the teeth are. Bright purple, like the-color-of-grape-juice purple.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The otter stained its teeth eating purple sea urchins. Other sea otters have completely different diets, which they learn from their mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pemberton heads out to the beach whenever a report comes in of a dead animal; she’s part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/health/networks.htm#westcoast\">Marine Mammal Stranding Network\u003c/a>, a group of wildlife centers and museums that responds to reports. Her whale kit is ready to go on the table: a dozen steak knives and an ax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17396\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/DSC01248-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17396 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/DSC01248.jpg\" alt=\"A southern sea otter skull has purple teeth, stained from the sea urchins that made up its diet. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A southern sea otter skull with purple teeth, stained from the sea urchins that made up its diet. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes there’s a blubber layer that’s two feet thick,” she says. “So you’re having to get through that to get to what you think might be the cause of death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pemberton and others have documented cases where ship strikes killed whales off the coast. The data actually helped change policy. Last year, federal officials \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/06/04/san-francisco-bay-shipping-lanes-narrowed-to-protect-whales/\">put in new speed limits\u003c/a> for cargo ships coming into San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s what you think about when you’re elbow-deep in rotted, dead whales,” she says. “And it’s not pleasant by any stretch. But to know that it’s actually helping with the conservation and protection of all the whales that come after that, it makes all really worthwhile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Academy’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/academy/exhibits/skulls/\">exhibit of skulls\u003c/a>, featuring Ray Bandar’s work, opens to the public on May 16.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17401\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/DSC01268-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17401 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/DSC01268.jpg\" alt=\"DSC01268\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A box of monkey skulls in Bandar’s collection, with room for more. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/17376/for-san-francisco-bone-collector-skulls-are-a-lifelong-love-affair","authors":["239"],"series":["science_2625"],"categories":["science_46","science_30","science_35","science_40","science_43"],"tags":["science_986","science_123","science_64","science_1396"],"featImg":"science_17455","label":"source_science_17376"},"science_16861":{"type":"posts","id":"science_16861","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"16861","score":null,"sort":[1398364058000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"hikers-use-smartphones-to-capture-fire-recovery-on-mt-diablo","title":"Hikers Use Smartphones to Capture Fire Recovery on Mt. Diablo","publishDate":1398364058,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Hikers Use Smartphones to Capture Fire Recovery on Mt. Diablo | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16865\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire2-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16865\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Hikers are helping document landscape recovery after the Morgan Fire. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hikers are using smartphones to document landscape recovery after the Morgan Fire. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mt. Diablo State Park is making a gradual recovery after the Morgan Fire burned more than 3,000 acres in the area last September. A citizen science group is asking local hikers to help document that recovery with their smartphones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A huge burned swath still covers one side of the mountain, but green shoots are starting to come through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things are starting to grow especially now that we’ve that little bit of rain,” says Dan Rademacher, a co-founder of \u003ca href=\"http://nerdsfornature.org/index.html\">Nerds for Nature\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The all-volunteer group blends technology and the outdoors through projects like using drones to \u003ca href=\"http://nerdsfornature.org/bioblitz/\">document biodiversity\u003c/a> in Lake Merritt. They’ve posted \u003ca href=\"http://nerdsfornature.org/monitor-change/diablo.html\">a series of signs\u003c/a> along Mt. Diablo’s Summit Trail, designed to turn hikers into citizen scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been taking pictures,” says hiker Celia Mason of Danville, coming across the signs. “I came up here right up here after the fire and was just devastated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16868\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 340px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire3.jpg\" alt=\"Dan Rademacher of Nerds for Nature demonstrates how the citizen science project works on Mt. Diablo. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"340\" height=\"304\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dan Rademacher of Nerds for Nature demonstrates how the citizen science project works on Mt. Diablo. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The signs have an L-shaped bracket where hikers can place their smartphones to snap a picture. That way all the photos of the burned area are taken from the same angle. Then, they upload the photos to Flickr, Twitter or Instagram with a special hashtag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, it’s really cool and I’m really interested in the wildflowers that will be triggered by the fire,” says Mason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rademacher says they’re hoping to get hundreds of photos by the end of year to \u003ca href=\"http://nerdsfornature.org/monitor-change/diablo.html\">document the landscape’s recovery over time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically the hikers on these trails become a sort of distributed remote sensing network to create a time lapse of fire recovery here,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photos could also contribute to scientific studies being done on the recovery. A group of biologists and botanists has also volunteered to monitor the return of plants, mammals and reptiles in three ecosystems on Mt. Diablo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With fire suppression, fires aren’t as common as they should be naturally and people are excited when they can study what that natural cycle is,” says Anne Larsen, one of the volunteer botanists. “Months later, it’s green. It’s amazing to watch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16871\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 315px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire4.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16871\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire4.jpg\" alt=\"Plants emerge in the remnants of the Morgan Fire. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"315\" height=\"309\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plants emerge in the remnants of the Morgan Fire. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Larsen says she’s seeing annual plants like whispering bells, manroots and poppies emerging because of the light and nutrients created by the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is cool about the camera-stand project is that it’s capturing what we’re doing but at a higher level,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can’t get out here every day,” Rademacher says. “There are hikers out here every day. So citizen science can supplement the professional science that’s going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is just one example of how smartphones are becoming part of the scientific data collection process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More and more it’s species tracking or using social media to calculate the economic value of recreation in parks to help with quantifying climate change impact,” Rademacher says. “So there are a lot of different ways that mobile social media can turn into science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/imageslider/diablosliders.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"520\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Two photos taken in February and April at a citizen science monitoring station on Mt. Diablo show the fire recovery. (Images: Marie Cerda and Ken-ichi Ueda)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A citizen science group is asking hikers to use their smartphones help study how Mt. Diablo State Park is recovering from last year's Morgan Fire.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933782,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["http://projects1.kqed.org/imageslider/diablosliders.html"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":607},"headData":{"title":"Hikers Use Smartphones to Capture Fire Recovery on Mt. Diablo | KQED","description":"A citizen science group is asking hikers to use their smartphones help study how Mt. Diablo State Park is recovering from last year's Morgan Fire.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Hikers Use Smartphones to Capture Fire Recovery on Mt. Diablo","datePublished":"2014-04-24T18:27:38.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-11T00:43:02.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/16861/hikers-use-smartphones-to-capture-fire-recovery-on-mt-diablo","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16865\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire2-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16865\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Hikers are helping document landscape recovery after the Morgan Fire. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hikers are using smartphones to document landscape recovery after the Morgan Fire. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mt. Diablo State Park is making a gradual recovery after the Morgan Fire burned more than 3,000 acres in the area last September. A citizen science group is asking local hikers to help document that recovery with their smartphones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A huge burned swath still covers one side of the mountain, but green shoots are starting to come through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things are starting to grow especially now that we’ve that little bit of rain,” says Dan Rademacher, a co-founder of \u003ca href=\"http://nerdsfornature.org/index.html\">Nerds for Nature\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The all-volunteer group blends technology and the outdoors through projects like using drones to \u003ca href=\"http://nerdsfornature.org/bioblitz/\">document biodiversity\u003c/a> in Lake Merritt. They’ve posted \u003ca href=\"http://nerdsfornature.org/monitor-change/diablo.html\">a series of signs\u003c/a> along Mt. Diablo’s Summit Trail, designed to turn hikers into citizen scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been taking pictures,” says hiker Celia Mason of Danville, coming across the signs. “I came up here right up here after the fire and was just devastated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16868\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 340px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire3.jpg\" alt=\"Dan Rademacher of Nerds for Nature demonstrates how the citizen science project works on Mt. Diablo. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"340\" height=\"304\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dan Rademacher of Nerds for Nature demonstrates how the citizen science project works on Mt. Diablo. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The signs have an L-shaped bracket where hikers can place their smartphones to snap a picture. That way all the photos of the burned area are taken from the same angle. Then, they upload the photos to Flickr, Twitter or Instagram with a special hashtag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, it’s really cool and I’m really interested in the wildflowers that will be triggered by the fire,” says Mason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rademacher says they’re hoping to get hundreds of photos by the end of year to \u003ca href=\"http://nerdsfornature.org/monitor-change/diablo.html\">document the landscape’s recovery over time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically the hikers on these trails become a sort of distributed remote sensing network to create a time lapse of fire recovery here,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photos could also contribute to scientific studies being done on the recovery. A group of biologists and botanists has also volunteered to monitor the return of plants, mammals and reptiles in three ecosystems on Mt. Diablo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With fire suppression, fires aren’t as common as they should be naturally and people are excited when they can study what that natural cycle is,” says Anne Larsen, one of the volunteer botanists. “Months later, it’s green. It’s amazing to watch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16871\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 315px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire4.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16871\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire4.jpg\" alt=\"Plants emerge in the remnants of the Morgan Fire. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"315\" height=\"309\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plants emerge in the remnants of the Morgan Fire. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Larsen says she’s seeing annual plants like whispering bells, manroots and poppies emerging because of the light and nutrients created by the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is cool about the camera-stand project is that it’s capturing what we’re doing but at a higher level,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can’t get out here every day,” Rademacher says. “There are hikers out here every day. So citizen science can supplement the professional science that’s going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is just one example of how smartphones are becoming part of the scientific data collection process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More and more it’s species tracking or using social media to calculate the economic value of recreation in parks to help with quantifying climate change impact,” Rademacher says. “So there are a lot of different ways that mobile social media can turn into science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/imageslider/diablosliders.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"520\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Two photos taken in February and April at a citizen science monitoring station on Mt. Diablo show the fire recovery. (Images: Marie Cerda and Ken-ichi Ueda)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/16861/hikers-use-smartphones-to-capture-fire-recovery-on-mt-diablo","authors":["239"],"categories":["science_30","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_259","science_123","science_112","science_64","science_448"],"featImg":"science_16865","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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