Rethinking Assessment: Trusting Teachers to Evaluate Student Learning
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Schwartz","firstName":"Katrina","lastName":"Schwartz","slug":"katrinaschwartz","email":"kschwartz@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":["news"],"title":"Producer","bio":"Katrina Schwartz is a journalist based in San Francisco. 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She is the co-host of the MindShift podcast and now produces KQED's Bay Curious podcast.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6a567574dafefa959593925eead665c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"kschwart","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"mindshift","roles":["administrator"]},{"site":"stateofhealth","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Katrina Schwartz | KQED","description":"Producer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6a567574dafefa959593925eead665c?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6a567574dafefa959593925eead665c?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/katrinaschwartz"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"mindshift_29386":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_29386","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"29386","score":null,"sort":[1371650456000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"will-new-tests-measure-any-valuable-skills","title":"Rethinking Assessment: Trusting Teachers to Evaluate Student Learning","publishDate":1371650456,"format":"aside","headTitle":"ASSESSMENT | MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":20658,"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29498\" class=\"wp-caption center\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/rzganoza/4186516481/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-29498\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/06/test-taking.jpg\" alt=\"test-taking\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2013/06/test-taking.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2013/06/test-taking-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2013/06/test-taking-320x180.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">After more than ten years of national education policies like No Child Left Behind and Race to the Top, the words \u003cem>accountability\u003c/em> and \u003cem>assessment\u003c/em> have become synonymous at many public schools with high-stakes testing. The two government programs have attached consequences and rewards to standardized test scores, leading many educators to believe they have to teach to the test. But, as the well-known argument goes, teaching prescribed math and reading content doesn't help students build the skills like creativity, problem-solving and adaptability they need to adapt in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/10/should-kids-schoolwork-impact-the-real-world/\">world outside of school\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many educators are hoping that as \u003ca href=\"http://www.corestandards.org/\">Common Core State Standards\u003c/a> roll out across the country, teaching and assessment can focus more on problem-solving and the process of getting to an answer, rather than a focus on the answer itself. But, even those process-oriented skills will be assessed with a standardized test – either the \u003ca href=\"http://www.smarterbalanced.org/\">Smarter Balanced Assessment \u003c/a>or \u003ca href=\"http://www.parcconline.org/\">Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Career\u003c/a>s (PARCC).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"The notion that we have to make accountability an easily measurable test item is one notion of accountability, but by no means the most useful for kids, for teachers or for the society as a whole.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Smarter Balanced Consortium conducted a pilot of their test earlier this year to help participating schools get a sense of what the tests would be like, as well as to evaluate logistical challenges in administering the computer-based test. An \u003ca href=\"http://www.edweek.org/dd/articles/2013/06/12/03commoncore.h06.html\">Education Week article\u003c/a> explains:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The biggest idea that the pilots underscored for many educators was that the key for getting ready for the tests is not just getting the technology ready, but also having students and teachers know the standards.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think we have to make sure we are teaching and assessing with intent on the common core,\" Henson [a Michigan superintendent of instruction] says. \"It is really skills-based. Reading, writing, and listening skills are a huge part of being able to take that test.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The article indicates that teachers will still be teaching to the test -- they’re just hoping the test will measure how a learner thinks, not just what they've memorized. That’s the big question, and early studies suggest they will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cse.ucla.edu/products/reports/R823.pdf\">One report [PDF]\u003c/a> conducted by \u003ca href=\"http://www.cse.ucla.edu/\">The National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards & Student Testing\u003c/a>, or CRESST, at the University of California, Los Angeles indicates that the new tests “are likely to represent important goals for deeper learning, particularly those related to mastering and being able to apply core academic content and cognitive strategies related to complex thinking, communication, and problem solving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">[RELATED READING: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/10/will-the-new-online-standardized-tests-be-different/\">Will the New Online Standardized Tests Be Different?\u003c/a>]\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other education researchers wonder if high-stakes testing in any form can truly measure the skills that not only deepen learning, but turn a student into a life-long learner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People often try to figure out what makes a difference in education and they try to find different variables that might explain that difference,” said \u003ca href=\"http://works.bepress.com/brent_duckor/\">Brent Duckor\u003c/a>, a professor at San Jose State University focusing on assessment. “It’s been harder for people to measure, and put the resources around measuring, the so-called soft skills -- let’s call them resiliency, persistence, a sense of caring and engagement with school -- and to use those in conjunction with the more typical academic achievement measures.” The benefits of the harder-to-quantify skills aren't easily disentangled from academic achievement scores, making it hard to prove through tests that alternative teaching and learning styles can achieve measurable outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\u003cstrong>“The American educational system was as successful in the absence of high-stakes standardized, centralized forms of assessments, as it is now, perhaps more successful.”\u003c/strong>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This tension arises clearly with one of the hottest topics in education right now – project-based learning. Many educators hope this method of teaching content through inquiry and exploration will implicitly deepen learning and shift it towards the goals outlined in Common Core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we are going to measure something, it’s going to take time and it’s going to take resources and effort,” said Duckor. “And what we've seen is a lot less attention on measuring those skills in any rigorous or reliable way.” It would take much more time and money to really develop assessments that measure creativity or resilience, but states have neither the time, money nor political will to do so, Duckor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To the extent that policymakers can go back to the drawing board and say, 'How could Smarter Balanced find ways to investigate the validity and the reliability of teacher claims,' we could say there would be an advance,” Duckor said. He’d like to see more alternative methods of assessment used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School-based accountability, where student achievement and progression is determined by teachers, not a state test, is one such method that’s already been studied by researchers. New York City’s Central Park East Secondary School, a progressive poster child in the 1990s, provides an example of how school-based accountability works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">[RELATED READING: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/03/how-do-you-measure-learning/\">How Do You Measure Learning?\u003c/a>]\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Central Park East developed systems to assess student work that meet the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tcrecord.org/Content.asp?ContentId=17338\">criteria for authentic assessment\u003c/a> that well-known researchers like Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"https://ed.stanford.edu/faculty/ldh\">Linda Darling Hammond\u003c/a> have determined to be successful. In a soon-to-be-published \u003ca href=\"http://www.researchgate.net/publication/260741999_Assessing_Habits_of_Mind\" target=\"_blank\">article\u003c/a>, Duckor and co-author \u003ca href=\"http://gse.berkeley.edu/people/daniel-perlstein\">Daniel Perlstein\u003c/a> argue that the school evaluated projects by asking students to demonstrate knowledge, understand various perspectives on it, connect it to other learning, make conclusions based on varying sets of conditions and be able to discuss its relevance. Most of these elements were included in subject-based portfolios that students created and had to defend in front of a committee that included teachers, students and outside adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Central Park East’s modelcouldn't hold up to the strong pressures for standardized testing. “The pressures to develop easily measured and easily routinized forms of assessment, and easily measured and easily routinized forms of teaching and learning, in turn, made the school increasingly less successful and less central to reform,” said Daniel Perlstein, professor of education history at the University of California, Berkeley. There has always been a reform movement pushing for more democratic and socially oriented education in the U.S., but historically those efforts haven’t faired well on tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>\"It would take much more time and money to really develop assessments that measure creativity or resilience, but states have neither the time, money nor political will to do so.\u003c/strong>”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The American educational system was as successful in the absence of high-stakes standardized, centralized forms of assessments, as it is now, perhaps more successful,” said Perlstein. “There are various forms of accountability and the notion that we have to make accountability an easily measurable test item is one notion of accountability, but by no means the most useful for kids, for teachers or for the society as a whole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perlstein points to other measures of a school’s success. Are parents satisfied with the education their children are receiving? Are students engaged and excited to come to school? Those are measures of accountability that don’t carry much weight when it comes to funding, teachers salaries or national rankings, but might be the most important for encouraging life-long learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moving away from tests as the only means to measure knowledge, both at the school level and on state tests, frees teachers up to teach in more dynamic ways. “It’s a question of whose accountability and for whose good,” said Duckor. “And what infrastructure do we have to support communities that would like to have school-based accountability, but at this point are being measured by somebody else’s yardstick?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Perlstein, it comes down to the basic fact that teachers, students and schools have a deep capacity for engaging, thoughtful work, but aren't often given the credit for their efforts. “In schools across the country teachers are trying to figure out how to do their job better,” said Perlstein. “The systems of accountability we have, rather than helping them do that, typically get in the way of that.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Many educators are hoping that through the Common Core State Standards, teaching and assessment can focus more on problem-solving and the process of getting to an answer. But even those process-oriented skills will be assessed with a standardized test. The benefits of the harder-to-quantify skills aren't easily disentangled from academic achievement scores, making it hard to prove through tests that alternative teaching and learning styles can achieve measurable outcomes.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1394731763,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1401},"headData":{"title":"Rethinking Assessment: Trusting Teachers to Evaluate Student Learning | KQED","description":"Many educators are hoping that through the Common Core State Standards, teaching and assessment can focus more on problem-solving and the process of getting to an answer. But even those process-oriented skills will be assessed with a standardized test. The benefits of the harder-to-quantify skills aren't easily disentangled from academic achievement scores, making it hard to prove through tests that alternative teaching and learning styles can achieve measurable outcomes.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Rethinking Assessment: Trusting Teachers to Evaluate Student Learning","datePublished":"2013-06-19T14:00:56.000Z","dateModified":"2014-03-13T17:29:23.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"29386 http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=29386","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/06/19/will-new-tests-measure-any-valuable-skills/","disqusTitle":"Rethinking Assessment: Trusting Teachers to Evaluate Student Learning","path":"/mindshift/29386/will-new-tests-measure-any-valuable-skills","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29498\" class=\"wp-caption center\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/rzganoza/4186516481/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-29498\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/06/test-taking.jpg\" alt=\"test-taking\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2013/06/test-taking.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2013/06/test-taking-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2013/06/test-taking-320x180.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">After more than ten years of national education policies like No Child Left Behind and Race to the Top, the words \u003cem>accountability\u003c/em> and \u003cem>assessment\u003c/em> have become synonymous at many public schools with high-stakes testing. The two government programs have attached consequences and rewards to standardized test scores, leading many educators to believe they have to teach to the test. But, as the well-known argument goes, teaching prescribed math and reading content doesn't help students build the skills like creativity, problem-solving and adaptability they need to adapt in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/10/should-kids-schoolwork-impact-the-real-world/\">world outside of school\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many educators are hoping that as \u003ca href=\"http://www.corestandards.org/\">Common Core State Standards\u003c/a> roll out across the country, teaching and assessment can focus more on problem-solving and the process of getting to an answer, rather than a focus on the answer itself. But, even those process-oriented skills will be assessed with a standardized test – either the \u003ca href=\"http://www.smarterbalanced.org/\">Smarter Balanced Assessment \u003c/a>or \u003ca href=\"http://www.parcconline.org/\">Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Career\u003c/a>s (PARCC).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"The notion that we have to make accountability an easily measurable test item is one notion of accountability, but by no means the most useful for kids, for teachers or for the society as a whole.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Smarter Balanced Consortium conducted a pilot of their test earlier this year to help participating schools get a sense of what the tests would be like, as well as to evaluate logistical challenges in administering the computer-based test. An \u003ca href=\"http://www.edweek.org/dd/articles/2013/06/12/03commoncore.h06.html\">Education Week article\u003c/a> explains:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The biggest idea that the pilots underscored for many educators was that the key for getting ready for the tests is not just getting the technology ready, but also having students and teachers know the standards.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think we have to make sure we are teaching and assessing with intent on the common core,\" Henson [a Michigan superintendent of instruction] says. \"It is really skills-based. Reading, writing, and listening skills are a huge part of being able to take that test.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The article indicates that teachers will still be teaching to the test -- they’re just hoping the test will measure how a learner thinks, not just what they've memorized. That’s the big question, and early studies suggest they will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cse.ucla.edu/products/reports/R823.pdf\">One report [PDF]\u003c/a> conducted by \u003ca href=\"http://www.cse.ucla.edu/\">The National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards & Student Testing\u003c/a>, or CRESST, at the University of California, Los Angeles indicates that the new tests “are likely to represent important goals for deeper learning, particularly those related to mastering and being able to apply core academic content and cognitive strategies related to complex thinking, communication, and problem solving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">[RELATED READING: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/10/will-the-new-online-standardized-tests-be-different/\">Will the New Online Standardized Tests Be Different?\u003c/a>]\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other education researchers wonder if high-stakes testing in any form can truly measure the skills that not only deepen learning, but turn a student into a life-long learner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People often try to figure out what makes a difference in education and they try to find different variables that might explain that difference,” said \u003ca href=\"http://works.bepress.com/brent_duckor/\">Brent Duckor\u003c/a>, a professor at San Jose State University focusing on assessment. “It’s been harder for people to measure, and put the resources around measuring, the so-called soft skills -- let’s call them resiliency, persistence, a sense of caring and engagement with school -- and to use those in conjunction with the more typical academic achievement measures.” The benefits of the harder-to-quantify skills aren't easily disentangled from academic achievement scores, making it hard to prove through tests that alternative teaching and learning styles can achieve measurable outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\u003cstrong>“The American educational system was as successful in the absence of high-stakes standardized, centralized forms of assessments, as it is now, perhaps more successful.”\u003c/strong>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This tension arises clearly with one of the hottest topics in education right now – project-based learning. Many educators hope this method of teaching content through inquiry and exploration will implicitly deepen learning and shift it towards the goals outlined in Common Core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we are going to measure something, it’s going to take time and it’s going to take resources and effort,” said Duckor. “And what we've seen is a lot less attention on measuring those skills in any rigorous or reliable way.” It would take much more time and money to really develop assessments that measure creativity or resilience, but states have neither the time, money nor political will to do so, Duckor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To the extent that policymakers can go back to the drawing board and say, 'How could Smarter Balanced find ways to investigate the validity and the reliability of teacher claims,' we could say there would be an advance,” Duckor said. He’d like to see more alternative methods of assessment used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School-based accountability, where student achievement and progression is determined by teachers, not a state test, is one such method that’s already been studied by researchers. New York City’s Central Park East Secondary School, a progressive poster child in the 1990s, provides an example of how school-based accountability works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #808080\">[RELATED READING: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/03/how-do-you-measure-learning/\">How Do You Measure Learning?\u003c/a>]\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Central Park East developed systems to assess student work that meet the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tcrecord.org/Content.asp?ContentId=17338\">criteria for authentic assessment\u003c/a> that well-known researchers like Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"https://ed.stanford.edu/faculty/ldh\">Linda Darling Hammond\u003c/a> have determined to be successful. In a soon-to-be-published \u003ca href=\"http://www.researchgate.net/publication/260741999_Assessing_Habits_of_Mind\" target=\"_blank\">article\u003c/a>, Duckor and co-author \u003ca href=\"http://gse.berkeley.edu/people/daniel-perlstein\">Daniel Perlstein\u003c/a> argue that the school evaluated projects by asking students to demonstrate knowledge, understand various perspectives on it, connect it to other learning, make conclusions based on varying sets of conditions and be able to discuss its relevance. Most of these elements were included in subject-based portfolios that students created and had to defend in front of a committee that included teachers, students and outside adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Central Park East’s modelcouldn't hold up to the strong pressures for standardized testing. “The pressures to develop easily measured and easily routinized forms of assessment, and easily measured and easily routinized forms of teaching and learning, in turn, made the school increasingly less successful and less central to reform,” said Daniel Perlstein, professor of education history at the University of California, Berkeley. There has always been a reform movement pushing for more democratic and socially oriented education in the U.S., but historically those efforts haven’t faired well on tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>\"It would take much more time and money to really develop assessments that measure creativity or resilience, but states have neither the time, money nor political will to do so.\u003c/strong>”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The American educational system was as successful in the absence of high-stakes standardized, centralized forms of assessments, as it is now, perhaps more successful,” said Perlstein. “There are various forms of accountability and the notion that we have to make accountability an easily measurable test item is one notion of accountability, but by no means the most useful for kids, for teachers or for the society as a whole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perlstein points to other measures of a school’s success. Are parents satisfied with the education their children are receiving? Are students engaged and excited to come to school? Those are measures of accountability that don’t carry much weight when it comes to funding, teachers salaries or national rankings, but might be the most important for encouraging life-long learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moving away from tests as the only means to measure knowledge, both at the school level and on state tests, frees teachers up to teach in more dynamic ways. “It’s a question of whose accountability and for whose good,” said Duckor. “And what infrastructure do we have to support communities that would like to have school-based accountability, but at this point are being measured by somebody else’s yardstick?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Perlstein, it comes down to the basic fact that teachers, students and schools have a deep capacity for engaging, thoughtful work, but aren't often given the credit for their efforts. “In schools across the country teachers are trying to figure out how to do their job better,” said Perlstein. “The systems of accountability we have, rather than helping them do that, typically get in the way of that.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/29386/will-new-tests-measure-any-valuable-skills","authors":["234"],"series":["mindshift_20658"],"categories":["mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_49","mindshift_20554","mindshift_1040","mindshift_627","mindshift_20514","mindshift_628"],"featImg":"mindshift_29498","label":"mindshift_20658"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. 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