Beneath An Ugly Outside, Marred Fruit May Pack More Nutrition
Are Organic Vegetables More Nutritious After All?
Thank Your Gut Bacteria For Making Chocolate 'Healthy'
Can Chocolate Boost Brain Health? Don't Binge Just Yet
More Antioxidants In Your Diet May Not Mean Better Health
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Nutrition","publishDate":1461717491,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>When orchardist \u003ca href=\"https://elizapples.com/tag/eliza-greenman/\">Eliza Greenman\u003c/a> walks through a field of apple trees and gazes upon a pocked array of blemished and buckled fruits — scarred from fighting fungus, heat and pests — she feels a little thrill of joy. \"I'm absolutely infatuated with the idea of stress in an orchard,\" says Greenman, who custom grafts and grows pesticide-free hard cider apples in Hamilton, Va. These forlorn, scabbed apples, says Greenman, may actually be sweeter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unofficial experiment, Greenman tested scabbed and unscabbed Parma apples, a high-sugar variety native to southwestern Virginia, and found the scarred apples had a 2 to 5 percent higher sugar content than unmarred apples from the same tree. More sugar means a higher alcohol content once fermented, producing a tastier hard cider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she loves these ugly apples for another reason: They may be more nutritious and have a higher antioxidant content. Says Greenman: \"I believe stress can help create a super fruit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ugly fruits and vegetables are today's pocked and scaly, dimpled, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/02/28/389511968/silly-saucy-scary-photos-show-the-many-faces-of-ugly-fruit\">misshapen darlings\u003c/a> — and there is a\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/08/462429929/ugly-fruit-is-ripe-for-a-close-up-as-shark-tank-takes-on-food-waste\"> growing movement\u003c/a> to sell such produce, not dump it into municipal landfills. As The Salt has reported, we toss out enough food to fill \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/09/16/its-time-to-get-serious-about-reducing-food-waste-feds-say/\">44 skyscrapers\u003c/a> each year. Why waste perfectly good food? This April \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/03/08/from-ugly-to-hip-misfit-fruits-and-veggies-coming-to-whole-foods/\">a handful of Whole Foods\u003c/a> stores in California will sell the cosmetically marred but nutritious produce for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But does some blemished produce pack an unexpected nutritional punch — courtesy of its own battles to survive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We already suspect this is the case with organic fruits and vegetables. A \u003ca href=\"http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=CE5356433362DD0761990E60F0C28167.journals?aid=9325471&fileId=S0007114514001366\">2014 review\u003c/a> of 343 studies found that organic produce had lower pesticide residue and a 20 to 40 percent higher antioxidant content than conventional produce. Those antioxidants include compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins and carotenoids, all produced by plants as defense mechanisms when they are stressed by pests. The study authors suggested that organic crops may be subject to more stress because they may receive fewer pesticides, in lower doses, and with less potent killing effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another study of both conventional and organic apple varieties \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v60/n9/full/1602430a.html\">found higher antioxidant phenols\u003c/a> and fruit acids in organic apples. The study authors noted,\u003cstrong> \"\u003c/strong>The regular consumption of fruit acids is helpful in preventing illness and metabolic disorders. We recommend the consumption of regional organically grown varieties rather than of cultivars from integrated cultivation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ugly fruits actually bear the visible scars of their successful battles — dimpled or scarred where they fought off a biting or gnawing insect or surface infection. Greenman's ideal is a truly wild apple, one left to its own defenses in nature — with the cosmetic imperfections to prove it.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Though not all pests and diseases are benign, she notes, a few common apple infestations are the result of harmless fungi that result in sooty \"blotch\" (dark patches) and fly speck (black dots), but do not harm taste or texture nor infect humans. These blotches are a result of the plant fighting off environmental insults — relying on its antioxidant defenses to do so. Greenman suspects those unsightly scars may reflect higher nutrition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She may be right. One study showed that an apple covered in scab has \u003ca href=\"http://publik.tuwien.ac.at/files/PubDat_194363.pdf\">more healthy, antioxidant phenolic compounds\u003c/a>, called phenylpropanoids, than a scab-free apple peel. Another study showed that apple leaves infected with scab \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10535-011-0176-6#/page-1\">have 10 to 20 percent more phenolic compounds\u003c/a>. Similar research has found \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0048405976900771\">high levels of resveratrol in grape leaves\u003c/a> infected with fungi or simply exposed to the stress of ultraviolet light. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21624119/\">study of Japanese knotweed\u003c/a>, a plant with a long tradition of use in Chinese and Japanese herbal medicine, found that infection with common fungi boosted its resveratrol content\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>as well. Resveratrol is an antioxidant that's been well-studied for its potential cardio-protective action. All these antioxidants protect both plants, and probably the humans who eat them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This does not mean that we should turn away from conventional agriculture, or make hard and fast assumptions about crops, says environmental biologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.clemson.edu/public/rec/coastal/faculty_staff/ward.html\">Brian Ward, of Clemson University\u003c/a> in Columbia, S.C. \"There are so many factors contributing to antioxidant content,\" says Ward, who oversees research in both conventional and organic agriculture. \"The most important factor is the plant itself — and the variety. That's genetic. Then there is the soil, its mineral content, and whether conventional or organic fertilizer is used. But yes, there is some interesting data that when plants are stressed by insects or disease, they produce metabolites that are good for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenman's insight intrigues microbiologist Martin L. Pall, professor emeritus at Washington State University. Pall says that our own innate, potent protective mechanisms can be activated by compounds in fruits and vegetables. In fact, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25672622\">he suggests in a recent research paper\u003c/a>, those antioxidants may serve as mild stressors that kick our repair mechanisms into high gear. They activate a molecule in our cells known as Nrf2, which itself can trigger the activity of over 500 genes, most of which have cell-protective functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is certainly true of compounds like resveratrol,\" he says. \"That part of the story is pretty clear.\" He says there's intriguing evidence that other plant compounds that increase under stress may be good for our health, too, but those benefits are not as well-documented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pall contends that we have co-evolved for eons with plants whose compounds benefit us. He points out that known \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/04/11/398325030/eating-to-break-100-longevity-diet-tips-from-the-blue-zones\">longevity diets\u003c/a> — such as the traditional Mediterranean and Okinawan cuisine — are rich in exactly these compounds and antioxidants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, backyard organic gardeners, rejoice: Your imperfect produce may be more perfect than you thought. Next time you hesitate over a flawed fruit, remember that it may be a hardy survivor bearing hidden nutritive gifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jill Neimark is an Atlanta-based writer whose work has been featured in Discover, Scientific American, Science, Nautilus, Aeon, Psychology Today and The New York Times. \u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Why are some fruits and veggies born ugly? Fighting off fungus, heat and pests can leave blemishes. Some researchers think these battle scars may boost the antioxidant content in produce.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1461717556,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":988},"headData":{"title":"Beneath An Ugly Outside, Marred Fruit May Pack More Nutrition | KQED","description":"Why are some fruits and veggies born ugly? Fighting off fungus, heat and pests can leave blemishes. Some researchers think these battle scars may boost the antioxidant content in produce.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Beneath An Ugly Outside, Marred Fruit May Pack More Nutrition","datePublished":"2016-04-27T00:38:11.000Z","dateModified":"2016-04-27T00:39:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"108940 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=108940","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/04/26/beneath-an-ugly-outside-marred-fruit-may-pack-more-nutrition/","disqusTitle":"Beneath An Ugly Outside, Marred Fruit May Pack More Nutrition","nprImageCredit":"Daniela White Images","nprByline":"Jill Neimark, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"475739569","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=475739569&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/04/26/475739569/beneath-an-ugly-outside-marred-fruit-may-pack-more-nutrition?ft=nprml&f=475739569","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 26 Apr 2016 17:46:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 26 Apr 2016 15:13:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 26 Apr 2016 17:46:06 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/108940/beneath-an-ugly-outside-marred-fruit-may-pack-more-nutrition","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When orchardist \u003ca href=\"https://elizapples.com/tag/eliza-greenman/\">Eliza Greenman\u003c/a> walks through a field of apple trees and gazes upon a pocked array of blemished and buckled fruits — scarred from fighting fungus, heat and pests — she feels a little thrill of joy. \"I'm absolutely infatuated with the idea of stress in an orchard,\" says Greenman, who custom grafts and grows pesticide-free hard cider apples in Hamilton, Va. These forlorn, scabbed apples, says Greenman, may actually be sweeter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unofficial experiment, Greenman tested scabbed and unscabbed Parma apples, a high-sugar variety native to southwestern Virginia, and found the scarred apples had a 2 to 5 percent higher sugar content than unmarred apples from the same tree. More sugar means a higher alcohol content once fermented, producing a tastier hard cider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she loves these ugly apples for another reason: They may be more nutritious and have a higher antioxidant content. Says Greenman: \"I believe stress can help create a super fruit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ugly fruits and vegetables are today's pocked and scaly, dimpled, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/02/28/389511968/silly-saucy-scary-photos-show-the-many-faces-of-ugly-fruit\">misshapen darlings\u003c/a> — and there is a\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/08/462429929/ugly-fruit-is-ripe-for-a-close-up-as-shark-tank-takes-on-food-waste\"> growing movement\u003c/a> to sell such produce, not dump it into municipal landfills. As The Salt has reported, we toss out enough food to fill \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/09/16/its-time-to-get-serious-about-reducing-food-waste-feds-say/\">44 skyscrapers\u003c/a> each year. Why waste perfectly good food? This April \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/03/08/from-ugly-to-hip-misfit-fruits-and-veggies-coming-to-whole-foods/\">a handful of Whole Foods\u003c/a> stores in California will sell the cosmetically marred but nutritious produce for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But does some blemished produce pack an unexpected nutritional punch — courtesy of its own battles to survive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We already suspect this is the case with organic fruits and vegetables. A \u003ca href=\"http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=CE5356433362DD0761990E60F0C28167.journals?aid=9325471&fileId=S0007114514001366\">2014 review\u003c/a> of 343 studies found that organic produce had lower pesticide residue and a 20 to 40 percent higher antioxidant content than conventional produce. Those antioxidants include compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins and carotenoids, all produced by plants as defense mechanisms when they are stressed by pests. The study authors suggested that organic crops may be subject to more stress because they may receive fewer pesticides, in lower doses, and with less potent killing effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another study of both conventional and organic apple varieties \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v60/n9/full/1602430a.html\">found higher antioxidant phenols\u003c/a> and fruit acids in organic apples. The study authors noted,\u003cstrong> \"\u003c/strong>The regular consumption of fruit acids is helpful in preventing illness and metabolic disorders. We recommend the consumption of regional organically grown varieties rather than of cultivars from integrated cultivation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ugly fruits actually bear the visible scars of their successful battles — dimpled or scarred where they fought off a biting or gnawing insect or surface infection. Greenman's ideal is a truly wild apple, one left to its own defenses in nature — with the cosmetic imperfections to prove it.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Though not all pests and diseases are benign, she notes, a few common apple infestations are the result of harmless fungi that result in sooty \"blotch\" (dark patches) and fly speck (black dots), but do not harm taste or texture nor infect humans. These blotches are a result of the plant fighting off environmental insults — relying on its antioxidant defenses to do so. Greenman suspects those unsightly scars may reflect higher nutrition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She may be right. One study showed that an apple covered in scab has \u003ca href=\"http://publik.tuwien.ac.at/files/PubDat_194363.pdf\">more healthy, antioxidant phenolic compounds\u003c/a>, called phenylpropanoids, than a scab-free apple peel. Another study showed that apple leaves infected with scab \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10535-011-0176-6#/page-1\">have 10 to 20 percent more phenolic compounds\u003c/a>. Similar research has found \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0048405976900771\">high levels of resveratrol in grape leaves\u003c/a> infected with fungi or simply exposed to the stress of ultraviolet light. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21624119/\">study of Japanese knotweed\u003c/a>, a plant with a long tradition of use in Chinese and Japanese herbal medicine, found that infection with common fungi boosted its resveratrol content\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>as well. Resveratrol is an antioxidant that's been well-studied for its potential cardio-protective action. All these antioxidants protect both plants, and probably the humans who eat them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This does not mean that we should turn away from conventional agriculture, or make hard and fast assumptions about crops, says environmental biologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.clemson.edu/public/rec/coastal/faculty_staff/ward.html\">Brian Ward, of Clemson University\u003c/a> in Columbia, S.C. \"There are so many factors contributing to antioxidant content,\" says Ward, who oversees research in both conventional and organic agriculture. \"The most important factor is the plant itself — and the variety. That's genetic. Then there is the soil, its mineral content, and whether conventional or organic fertilizer is used. But yes, there is some interesting data that when plants are stressed by insects or disease, they produce metabolites that are good for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenman's insight intrigues microbiologist Martin L. Pall, professor emeritus at Washington State University. Pall says that our own innate, potent protective mechanisms can be activated by compounds in fruits and vegetables. In fact, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25672622\">he suggests in a recent research paper\u003c/a>, those antioxidants may serve as mild stressors that kick our repair mechanisms into high gear. They activate a molecule in our cells known as Nrf2, which itself can trigger the activity of over 500 genes, most of which have cell-protective functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is certainly true of compounds like resveratrol,\" he says. \"That part of the story is pretty clear.\" He says there's intriguing evidence that other plant compounds that increase under stress may be good for our health, too, but those benefits are not as well-documented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pall contends that we have co-evolved for eons with plants whose compounds benefit us. He points out that known \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/04/11/398325030/eating-to-break-100-longevity-diet-tips-from-the-blue-zones\">longevity diets\u003c/a> — such as the traditional Mediterranean and Okinawan cuisine — are rich in exactly these compounds and antioxidants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, backyard organic gardeners, rejoice: Your imperfect produce may be more perfect than you thought. Next time you hesitate over a flawed fruit, remember that it may be a hardy survivor bearing hidden nutritive gifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jill Neimark is an Atlanta-based writer whose work has been featured in Discover, Scientific American, Science, Nautilus, Aeon, Psychology Today and The New York Times. \u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/108940/beneath-an-ugly-outside-marred-fruit-may-pack-more-nutrition","authors":["byline_bayareabites_108940"],"categories":["bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_11226","bayareabites_3707","bayareabites_13980","bayareabites_3063"],"featImg":"bayareabites_108941","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_84852":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_84852","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"84852","score":null,"sort":[1405269974000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"are-organic-vegetables-more-nutritious-after-all","title":"Are Organic Vegetables More Nutritious After All?","publishDate":1405269974,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84858\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/organicveggies.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/organicveggies.jpg\" alt=\"Organic fruits and vegetables deliver between 20 and 40 percent more antioxidants than conventional fruits and vegetables, a new study finds. Photo: Molly Marshall/Flickr\" width=\"1120\" height=\"629\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84858\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Organic fruits and vegetables deliver between 20 and 40 percent more antioxidants than conventional fruits and vegetables, a new study finds. Photo: Molly Marshall/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/elisharene/\">Flickr\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/11/330760923/are-organic-vegetables-more-nutritious-after-all\">All Things Considered\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/07/20140711_atc_organic_nutrition.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/11/330760923/are-organic-vegetables-more-nutritious-after-all\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (7/11/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There may never be an end to arguments over whether organic food is more nutritious. But a new \u003ca href=\"http://csanr.wsu.edu/program-areas/m2m/research-areas/nutritional-quality/bjn-2014/\">study\u003c/a> is the most ambitious attempt so far to resolve the issue — and it concludes that organic fruit and vegetables offer a key benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a scientific reply to an \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/09/04/160395259/why-organic-food-may-not-be-healthier-for-you\">analysis\u003c/a> that some researchers at Stanford University published two years ago. That paper, which generated lots of media \u003ca href=\"http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/that-flawed-stanford-study/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0\">coverage\u003c/a> and much \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/09/07/160681396/when-it-comes-to-buying-organic-science-and-beliefs-dont-always-mesh\">controversy\u003c/a>, reviewed more than 200 studies of organic and conventional food, and concluded that organic foods do not really offer any significant nutritional benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new analysis, from a group of scientists mostly based in Europe, crunched data from an even bigger pile of studies: 343 of them, carried out over the past several decades. It will be published Monday in the \u003cem>British Journal of Nutrition\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new analysis repeats some of the Stanford group's findings. It finds that organic and conventional vegetables offer similar levels of many nutrients, including minerals, vitamin C and vitamin E. Conventional crops are higher in protein. And there are fewer pesticide residues on organic foods, as you'd expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the group found a significant difference in the levels of special compounds called antioxidants. \"Across the important antioxidant compounds in fruits and vegetables, organic fruits and vegetables deliver between 20 and 40 percent higher antioxidant activity,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://csanr.wsu.edu/people/chuck-benbrook/\">Charles Benbrook\u003c/a>, from Washington State University's Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources, a co-author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These antioxidant compounds, which go by names like flavonoids and carotenoids, are getting a lot of attention lately. Their effects remain somewhat murky, but scientists say they can protect cells from the effects of aging, or from the sort of damage that can lead to cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benbrook says this is a big reason why public health experts want us all to eat more fruits and vegetables: They deliver a good dose of antioxidants. And if organic produce provides more of them, he says, \"we think that's a big deal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benbrook thinks there are a couple of reasons why they're seeing this result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, plants make these compounds to protect themselves when they run into challenges like insects or diseases. And organic crops, because they aren't protected by as many chemical pesticides, have to fight off more hungry bugs. \"Plants in an organic field are getting chewed on,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second reason, Benbrook says, is that organic crops aren't getting as much fertilizer. More heavily fertilized conventional crops may grow faster and get bigger, but as a result, their nutrients may get diluted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's why when you buy these great big juicy apples that are just sweet as sin, it's that extra moisture and carbohydrate that dilutes the vitamin C and the anthocyanins,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This analysis, however, probably isn't the end of this debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://hnrca.tufts.edu/people/scientists/a-j/jeffrey-b-blumberg-ph-d/\">Jeffrey Blumberg\u003c/a>, a professor of nutrition at Tufts University, says attempts to draw conclusions from collections of hundreds of different studies, each one comparing organic and conventional food, are beset by a host of methodological problems. For one thing, there's no single \"organic\" or \"conventional\" production system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some organic crops get lots of organic fertilizer; some don't. Some are protected with lots of natural pesticides; some are not. Conventional practices vary widely, too. So it's difficult to know, in the end, what you really are comparing. And food that's compared in these studies may not be the same as the food you're buying in the store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, Blumberg says, the difference in nutritional quality between organic and non-organic fruits and vegetables really isn't that big — especially when you consider the gap between what Americans should eat, and what they really consume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most Americans are getting only a couple of servings of fruits and vegetables every day,\" he says. \"We're recommending that they get up to nine servings.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What really will make a difference in people's health, he says, is just eating more fruits, vegetables and whole grains. If you eat plenty of these foods — whether they're organic or not — you'll get plenty of antioxidants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"New data show that organic produce has higher levels of antioxidants. But you can get plenty of those compounds just by eating more fruits and vegetables, no matter how they're grown.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1413927324,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":759},"headData":{"title":"Are Organic Vegetables More Nutritious After All? | KQED","description":"New data show that organic produce has higher levels of antioxidants. But you can get plenty of those compounds just by eating more fruits and vegetables, no matter how they're grown.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Are Organic Vegetables More Nutritious After All?","datePublished":"2014-07-13T16:46:14.000Z","dateModified":"2014-10-21T21:35:24.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"84852 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=84852","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/07/13/are-organic-vegetables-more-nutritious-after-all/","disqusTitle":"Are Organic Vegetables More Nutritious After All?","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"330760923","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=330760923&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/11/330760923/are-organic-vegetables-more-nutritious-after-all?ft=3&f=330760923","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 11 Jul 2014 20:21:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 11 Jul 2014 18:28:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 11 Jul 2014 18:51:42 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/07/20140711_atc_organic_nutrition.mp3?orgId=1&ft=3&f=330760923","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1330760924-4411d7.m3u?orgId=1&ft=3&f=330760923","path":"/bayareabites/84852/are-organic-vegetables-more-nutritious-after-all","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/07/20140711_atc_organic_nutrition.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84858\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/organicveggies.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/07/organicveggies.jpg\" alt=\"Organic fruits and vegetables deliver between 20 and 40 percent more antioxidants than conventional fruits and vegetables, a new study finds. Photo: Molly Marshall/Flickr\" width=\"1120\" height=\"629\" class=\"size-full wp-image-84858\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Organic fruits and vegetables deliver between 20 and 40 percent more antioxidants than conventional fruits and vegetables, a new study finds. Photo: Molly Marshall/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/elisharene/\">Flickr\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/11/330760923/are-organic-vegetables-more-nutritious-after-all\">All Things Considered\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/07/20140711_atc_organic_nutrition.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/07/11/330760923/are-organic-vegetables-more-nutritious-after-all\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (7/11/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There may never be an end to arguments over whether organic food is more nutritious. But a new \u003ca href=\"http://csanr.wsu.edu/program-areas/m2m/research-areas/nutritional-quality/bjn-2014/\">study\u003c/a> is the most ambitious attempt so far to resolve the issue — and it concludes that organic fruit and vegetables offer a key benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a scientific reply to an \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/09/04/160395259/why-organic-food-may-not-be-healthier-for-you\">analysis\u003c/a> that some researchers at Stanford University published two years ago. That paper, which generated lots of media \u003ca href=\"http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/that-flawed-stanford-study/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0\">coverage\u003c/a> and much \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/09/07/160681396/when-it-comes-to-buying-organic-science-and-beliefs-dont-always-mesh\">controversy\u003c/a>, reviewed more than 200 studies of organic and conventional food, and concluded that organic foods do not really offer any significant nutritional benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new analysis, from a group of scientists mostly based in Europe, crunched data from an even bigger pile of studies: 343 of them, carried out over the past several decades. It will be published Monday in the \u003cem>British Journal of Nutrition\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new analysis repeats some of the Stanford group's findings. It finds that organic and conventional vegetables offer similar levels of many nutrients, including minerals, vitamin C and vitamin E. Conventional crops are higher in protein. And there are fewer pesticide residues on organic foods, as you'd expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the group found a significant difference in the levels of special compounds called antioxidants. \"Across the important antioxidant compounds in fruits and vegetables, organic fruits and vegetables deliver between 20 and 40 percent higher antioxidant activity,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://csanr.wsu.edu/people/chuck-benbrook/\">Charles Benbrook\u003c/a>, from Washington State University's Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources, a co-author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These antioxidant compounds, which go by names like flavonoids and carotenoids, are getting a lot of attention lately. Their effects remain somewhat murky, but scientists say they can protect cells from the effects of aging, or from the sort of damage that can lead to cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benbrook says this is a big reason why public health experts want us all to eat more fruits and vegetables: They deliver a good dose of antioxidants. And if organic produce provides more of them, he says, \"we think that's a big deal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benbrook thinks there are a couple of reasons why they're seeing this result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, plants make these compounds to protect themselves when they run into challenges like insects or diseases. And organic crops, because they aren't protected by as many chemical pesticides, have to fight off more hungry bugs. \"Plants in an organic field are getting chewed on,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second reason, Benbrook says, is that organic crops aren't getting as much fertilizer. More heavily fertilized conventional crops may grow faster and get bigger, but as a result, their nutrients may get diluted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's why when you buy these great big juicy apples that are just sweet as sin, it's that extra moisture and carbohydrate that dilutes the vitamin C and the anthocyanins,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This analysis, however, probably isn't the end of this debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://hnrca.tufts.edu/people/scientists/a-j/jeffrey-b-blumberg-ph-d/\">Jeffrey Blumberg\u003c/a>, a professor of nutrition at Tufts University, says attempts to draw conclusions from collections of hundreds of different studies, each one comparing organic and conventional food, are beset by a host of methodological problems. For one thing, there's no single \"organic\" or \"conventional\" production system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some organic crops get lots of organic fertilizer; some don't. Some are protected with lots of natural pesticides; some are not. Conventional practices vary widely, too. So it's difficult to know, in the end, what you really are comparing. And food that's compared in these studies may not be the same as the food you're buying in the store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, Blumberg says, the difference in nutritional quality between organic and non-organic fruits and vegetables really isn't that big — especially when you consider the gap between what Americans should eat, and what they really consume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most Americans are getting only a couple of servings of fruits and vegetables every day,\" he says. \"We're recommending that they get up to nine servings.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What really will make a difference in people's health, he says, is just eating more fruits, vegetables and whole grains. If you eat plenty of these foods — whether they're organic or not — you'll get plenty of antioxidants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/84852/are-organic-vegetables-more-nutritious-after-all","authors":["byline_bayareabites_84852"],"categories":["bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_34"],"tags":["bayareabites_11226","bayareabites_13575","bayareabites_11270","bayareabites_65","bayareabites_11223","bayareabites_10921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_84858","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_79226":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_79226","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"79226","score":null,"sort":[1395181782000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"thank-your-gut-bacteria-for-making-chocolate-healthy","title":"Thank Your Gut Bacteria For Making Chocolate 'Healthy' ","publishDate":1395181782,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79227\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/chocolate_gut_wide-9fe5ebe733caab89620934e76140edb12a745e27.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/chocolate_gut_wide-9fe5ebe733caab89620934e76140edb12a745e27.jpg\" alt=\"Bacteria in your gut can break down the antioxidants in chocolate into smaller, anti-inflammatory compounds. Image: Meg Vogel/NPR\" width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79227\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bacteria in your gut can break down the antioxidants in chocolate into smaller, anti-inflammatory compounds. Image: Meg Vogel/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Michaeleen Doubcleff, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/18/290922850/chocolate-turns-into-heart-helpers-by-gut-bacteria\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/18/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boy, it's a good time to be a dark chocolate lover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've noted before the growing \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/08/14/158761362/daily-dose-of-dark-chocolate-may-help-lower-blood-pressure\">evidence\u003c/a> that a daily dose of the bitter bean may help reduce blood pressure. There also seems to be a link between a regular chocolate habit and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/03/26/149407484/does-a-chocolate-habit-help-keep-you-lean\">lower body weight\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now scientists are offering an explanation for just why cocoa powder may be good for the heart and waistline. The magic may reside in our microbes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The friendly bacteria in our guts can gobble up cocoa powder and turn it into compounds known to help the heart, food scientists from Louisiana State University \u003ca href=\"http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/newsreleases/2014/march/the-precise-reason-for-the-health-benefits-of-dark-chocolate-mystery-solved.html\">reported\u003c/a> Tuesday at the American Chemical Society meeting in Dallas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The critters also convert the cocoa powder into molecules that reduce inflammation and help tell us when we're full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are good compounds to have in your gut,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.lsu.edu/foodscience/Faculty/Finley.html\">John Finley\u003c/a>, who led the study. \"They can get absorbed into your blood\" and protect cells in your blood vessels from stress, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For centuries, people have been attributing a vast array of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3708337/\">health benefits\u003c/a> to eating chocolate, from curing fertility and fatigue to fever and dental problems. But so far, the links to lower blood pressure and heart health have been the strongest – and one of the few benefits to pass muster in the eyes of science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was holding out for scientists to prove chocolate's aphrodisiac effect,\" Finley jokes. \"But it's the cardiovascular benefits that will probably pan out. Our findings are one more brick in the road to proving that one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, Finley is talking about cocoa powder here: The stuff that has no sugar and milk in it. \"Our results don't translate to a Hershey bar,\" he says. \"But cocoa powder goes well with many foods. I put it on my oatmeal every morning with berries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cocoa powder is packed with potent antioxidants, called \u003ca href=\"http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/81/1/215S.full\">polyphenols\u003c/a>. These healthful molecules are also found in dark berries and black tea. And they're known to help the heart and possibly prevent cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's one major problem with many polyphenols: They're so large that they don't get absorbed into the blood. That's where the critters in your gut can help out, Finley says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous studies have found that gut bacteria like to feast on polyphenols from blackberries and tea. So Finley wanted to see what the bugs would do with the polyphenols in cocoa powder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his students passed the cocoa powder through a device that mimics the human gut. First, it treats the cocoa with enzymes like the ones in your stomach. And then the remaining material goes through an \"artificial colon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a rather yucky way of mimicking people's lower gut,\" Finely says. \"It's just a mixture of fecal matter. We pay people $20 to give us a sample. We get a lot of graduate students to volunteer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds gross, but those \"donations\" are teeming with life — trillions of bacteria that see the cocoa powder as a five-star dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The microbes break down the polyphenols into smaller molecules that are more likely to make it across the gut into the blood,\" Finely says. Those compounds are the good ones that help reduce inflammation and stress in the blood vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the friendly bacteria don't stop there. They also feasted on the fiber in cocoa powder, Finley and his team found. \"The microbes break down the fiber into \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21266094\">short fatty chain acids\u003c/a>, which get absorbed and can have an effect on satiety,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, Finley and his team have to confirm their results in real digestive tracts. \"The next step is to give people cocoa powder and see if we can find these metabolites in the blood,\" he says.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>Those types of experiments are critical to figuring out exactly what's in chocolate that makes it healthy for the heart, says \u003ca href=\"http://foodscience.psu.edu/directory/jdl134\">Joshua Lambert\u003c/a>, a food scientist at Pennsylvania State University, who wasn't involved in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's the big missing link right now,\" Lambert tells The Salt. We know now that gut bacteria can break down cocoa into compounds that have beneficial cardiovascular effects, he says. But we don't know yet if these are the critical ones inside the blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, I'll keep indulging my gut bacteria with a few cubes of extra dark chocolate each day. Seems like a win-win situation for both of us. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Dark chocolate may help the heart and waistline. Now scientists have figured out one reason why: Bacteria in the gut turn cocoa into compounds that lower inflammation and make us feel full.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1395181972,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":782},"headData":{"title":"Thank Your Gut Bacteria For Making Chocolate 'Healthy' | KQED","description":"Dark chocolate may help the heart and waistline. Now scientists have figured out one reason why: Bacteria in the gut turn cocoa into compounds that lower inflammation and make us feel full.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Thank Your Gut Bacteria For Making Chocolate 'Healthy' ","datePublished":"2014-03-18T22:29:42.000Z","dateModified":"2014-03-18T22:32:52.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"79226 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=79226","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/03/18/thank-your-gut-bacteria-for-making-chocolate-healthy/","disqusTitle":"Thank Your Gut Bacteria For Making Chocolate 'Healthy' ","nprByline":"Michaeleen Doucleff","nprStoryId":"290922850","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=290922850&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/18/290922850/chocolate-turns-into-heart-helpers-by-gut-bacteria?ft=3&f=290922850","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 18 Mar 2014 16:48:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 18 Mar 2014 14:31:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 18 Mar 2014 16:48:53 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/79226/thank-your-gut-bacteria-for-making-chocolate-healthy","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79227\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/chocolate_gut_wide-9fe5ebe733caab89620934e76140edb12a745e27.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/chocolate_gut_wide-9fe5ebe733caab89620934e76140edb12a745e27.jpg\" alt=\"Bacteria in your gut can break down the antioxidants in chocolate into smaller, anti-inflammatory compounds. Image: Meg Vogel/NPR\" width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79227\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bacteria in your gut can break down the antioxidants in chocolate into smaller, anti-inflammatory compounds. Image: Meg Vogel/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Michaeleen Doubcleff, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/18/290922850/chocolate-turns-into-heart-helpers-by-gut-bacteria\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/18/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boy, it's a good time to be a dark chocolate lover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've noted before the growing \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/08/14/158761362/daily-dose-of-dark-chocolate-may-help-lower-blood-pressure\">evidence\u003c/a> that a daily dose of the bitter bean may help reduce blood pressure. There also seems to be a link between a regular chocolate habit and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/03/26/149407484/does-a-chocolate-habit-help-keep-you-lean\">lower body weight\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now scientists are offering an explanation for just why cocoa powder may be good for the heart and waistline. The magic may reside in our microbes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The friendly bacteria in our guts can gobble up cocoa powder and turn it into compounds known to help the heart, food scientists from Louisiana State University \u003ca href=\"http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/newsreleases/2014/march/the-precise-reason-for-the-health-benefits-of-dark-chocolate-mystery-solved.html\">reported\u003c/a> Tuesday at the American Chemical Society meeting in Dallas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The critters also convert the cocoa powder into molecules that reduce inflammation and help tell us when we're full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are good compounds to have in your gut,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.lsu.edu/foodscience/Faculty/Finley.html\">John Finley\u003c/a>, who led the study. \"They can get absorbed into your blood\" and protect cells in your blood vessels from stress, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For centuries, people have been attributing a vast array of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3708337/\">health benefits\u003c/a> to eating chocolate, from curing fertility and fatigue to fever and dental problems. But so far, the links to lower blood pressure and heart health have been the strongest – and one of the few benefits to pass muster in the eyes of science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was holding out for scientists to prove chocolate's aphrodisiac effect,\" Finley jokes. \"But it's the cardiovascular benefits that will probably pan out. Our findings are one more brick in the road to proving that one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, Finley is talking about cocoa powder here: The stuff that has no sugar and milk in it. \"Our results don't translate to a Hershey bar,\" he says. \"But cocoa powder goes well with many foods. I put it on my oatmeal every morning with berries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cocoa powder is packed with potent antioxidants, called \u003ca href=\"http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/81/1/215S.full\">polyphenols\u003c/a>. These healthful molecules are also found in dark berries and black tea. And they're known to help the heart and possibly prevent cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's one major problem with many polyphenols: They're so large that they don't get absorbed into the blood. That's where the critters in your gut can help out, Finley says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous studies have found that gut bacteria like to feast on polyphenols from blackberries and tea. So Finley wanted to see what the bugs would do with the polyphenols in cocoa powder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his students passed the cocoa powder through a device that mimics the human gut. First, it treats the cocoa with enzymes like the ones in your stomach. And then the remaining material goes through an \"artificial colon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a rather yucky way of mimicking people's lower gut,\" Finely says. \"It's just a mixture of fecal matter. We pay people $20 to give us a sample. We get a lot of graduate students to volunteer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds gross, but those \"donations\" are teeming with life — trillions of bacteria that see the cocoa powder as a five-star dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The microbes break down the polyphenols into smaller molecules that are more likely to make it across the gut into the blood,\" Finely says. Those compounds are the good ones that help reduce inflammation and stress in the blood vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the friendly bacteria don't stop there. They also feasted on the fiber in cocoa powder, Finley and his team found. \"The microbes break down the fiber into \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21266094\">short fatty chain acids\u003c/a>, which get absorbed and can have an effect on satiety,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, Finley and his team have to confirm their results in real digestive tracts. \"The next step is to give people cocoa powder and see if we can find these metabolites in the blood,\" he says.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>Those types of experiments are critical to figuring out exactly what's in chocolate that makes it healthy for the heart, says \u003ca href=\"http://foodscience.psu.edu/directory/jdl134\">Joshua Lambert\u003c/a>, a food scientist at Pennsylvania State University, who wasn't involved in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's the big missing link right now,\" Lambert tells The Salt. We know now that gut bacteria can break down cocoa into compounds that have beneficial cardiovascular effects, he says. But we don't know yet if these are the critical ones inside the blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, I'll keep indulging my gut bacteria with a few cubes of extra dark chocolate each day. Seems like a win-win situation for both of us. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/79226/thank-your-gut-bacteria-for-making-chocolate-healthy","authors":["byline_bayareabites_79226"],"categories":["bayareabites_1653","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916"],"tags":["bayareabites_11226","bayareabites_11456","bayareabites_147","bayareabites_13168","bayareabites_13169","bayareabites_11477","bayareabites_11096","bayareabites_12699","bayareabites_10921","bayareabites_13170","bayareabites_11836"],"featImg":"bayareabites_79236","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_67886":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_67886","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"67886","score":null,"sort":[1375983648000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"can-chocolate-boost-brain-health-dont-binge-just-yet","title":"Can Chocolate Boost Brain Health? Don't Binge Just Yet","publishDate":1375983648,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67895\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/chocolate-full.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/chocolate-full.jpg\" alt=\"Researchers say one particular flavanol, (-)epicatechin, may be the source of the brain benefits seen from consuming cocoa. Photo: Philippe Huguen/AFP/Getty Images\" width=\"1120\" height=\"840\" class=\"size-full wp-image-67895\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers say one particular flavanol, (-)epicatechin, may be the source of the brain benefits seen from consuming cocoa. Photo: Philippe Huguen/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Maria Godoy, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/07/209943266/can-chocolate-boost-brain-health-don-t-binge-just-yet\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (8/8/2013)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wouldn't it be grand (and delicious) if we could boost our brain power with a daily dose of chocolate?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first blush, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2013/08/07/WNL.0b013e3182a351aa.short?sid=084a882f-8469-41dc-bca1-b05af9921880\">study\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Neurology\u003c/em> this week appears to offer tantalizing evidence that this may be the case, at least when it comes to seniors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, older adults (average age 73) who drank two cups of cocoa daily for one month showed improvements in how quickly they completed a set of cognitive tests. Brain imaging showed these patients also experienced better blood flow to the brain, the authors reported. Dozens of media outlets jumped on the news, with headlines blaring that cocoa \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-204_162-57597454/two-cups-of-hot-cocoa-a-day-sharpen-seniors-brains-study-suggests/\">\"sharpens seniors' brains\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds like a good excuse to down a cup of hot chocolate, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not so fast, says Catherine Kwik-Uribe. She's the director of research and development for \u003ca href=\"http://www.marssymbioscience.com/\">Mars Symbioscience\u003c/a> – a unit of the candy-making giant that studies flavanols, a type of antioxidant in cocoa beans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she notes, there's a solid \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5053576\">body of research\u003c/a> showing that cocoa flavanols can help control \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/08/14/158761362/daily-dose-of-dark-chocolate-may-help-lower-blood-pressure\">blood pressure\u003c/a> and generally improve cardiovascular health. Plenty of evidence has linked cardiovascular health to cognition and, more recently, researchers have been asking whether cocoa flavanols can also boost brain health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our knowledge is just beginning to emerge,\" says Kwik-Uribe. But you can't conclude much from the \u003cem>Neurology \u003c/em>study, Kwik-Uribe told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers in the study, she notes, didn't find a difference between those who drank cocoa with high levels of flavanols and those with very low levels. The authors also failed to keep track of what else the participants were eating that might have influenced their improved cognitive test scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, cocoa's impact on the brain wasn't really the main point of the study anyway, as study author \u003ca href=\"http://physiciandirectory.brighamandwomens.org/Details/1452\">Farzaneh Sorond\u003c/a>, a neurologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, points out. She and her colleagues were mostly interested in investigating the link between poorer performance on thinking and memory tests and lower blood flow to the brain. The chocolate bit was really more of an aside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67893\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/chocolate2.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/chocolate2.jpg\" alt=\"Cocoa beans are naturally rich in flavanols, but these compounds can get stripped out by the time you get to a chocolate bar. Researchers use cocoa powder specially prepared to preserve the flavanols to figure out how they affect the brain. Photo: Courtesy of Mars\" width=\"1120\" height=\"745\" class=\"size-full wp-image-67893\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cocoa beans are naturally rich in flavanols, but these compounds can get stripped out by the time you get to a chocolate bar. Researchers use cocoa powder specially prepared to preserve the flavanols to figure out how they affect the brain. Photo: Courtesy of Mars\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I do not recommend that people add chocolate or cocoa to their diet at this point,\" Sorond told The Salt via email. \"Our results are preliminary and adding the extra calories, sugar and fat that comes with chocolate and cocoa carries additional health hazards which may offset any possible brain benefits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don't fret just yet, chocoholics: While this study may not tell us all that much, other research on cocoa flavanols and brain health, while preliminary, is more promising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have homed in on one particular flavanol, (-)epicatechin (it's pronounced minus epicatechin), as the likely source of the brain benefits seen from cocoa. For example, studies have found that \u003ca href=\"http://www.jneurosci.org/content/27/22/5869.full\">mice fed (-)epicatechin\u003c/a> had better spatial memory and formed more new blood vessels than mice who weren't given the compound. And research in \u003ca href=\"http://jeb.biologists.org/content/215/20/3566.full\">snails\u003c/a> has found the slimy crawlers were able to remember a trained task for at least a day when given the flavanol, compared to less than three hours without it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for humans, last year, Kwik-Uribe and her colleagues published a \u003ca href=\"http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/early/2012/08/14/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.193060\">study\u003c/a> that looked at 90 elderly patients with mild memory problems. Those who drank cocoa with medium levels (520 mg) to high levels (990 mg) of flavanols daily for eight weeks showed major improvements on tests that measured factors such as attention, verbal fluency and working memory, compared to those whose cocoa had low flavanol levels (45 mg).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how do cocoa flavanols confer their brain benefits? Researchers don't know for sure, though there are plenty of ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might be that flavanols promote better brain blood flow and help generate new blood vessels (the more oxygen your noggin gets, the better it performs). Or maybe flavanols encourage the expression of proteins that protect the brain and promote neuron connections. Cocoa flavanols also help control blood sugar, which might be protecting the brain from \u003ca href=\"http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/news/News_Releases/2012/03/insulin/\">declines associated with insulin resistance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data, says Kwik-Uribe, is still emerging: \"You have to stay tuned.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A study that seems to suggest a daily cocoa habit helps aid the brain doesn't actually tell us much. But don't fret, chocoholics. Other research offers more promising evidence of the health benefits of chocolate.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1375983871,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":771},"headData":{"title":"Can Chocolate Boost Brain Health? Don't Binge Just Yet | KQED","description":"A study that seems to suggest a daily cocoa habit helps aid the brain doesn't actually tell us much. But don't fret, chocoholics. Other research offers more promising evidence of the health benefits of chocolate.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Can Chocolate Boost Brain Health? Don't Binge Just Yet","datePublished":"2013-08-08T17:40:48.000Z","dateModified":"2013-08-08T17:44:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"67886 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=67886","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/08/can-chocolate-boost-brain-health-dont-binge-just-yet/","disqusTitle":"Can Chocolate Boost Brain Health? Don't Binge Just Yet","nprByline":"Maria Godoy","nprStoryId":"209943266","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=209943266&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/07/209943266/can-chocolate-boost-brain-health-don-t-binge-just-yet?ft=3&f=209943266","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 08 Aug 2013 13:27:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 08 Aug 2013 13:20:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 08 Aug 2013 13:27:25 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/67886/can-chocolate-boost-brain-health-dont-binge-just-yet","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67895\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/chocolate-full.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/chocolate-full.jpg\" alt=\"Researchers say one particular flavanol, (-)epicatechin, may be the source of the brain benefits seen from consuming cocoa. Photo: Philippe Huguen/AFP/Getty Images\" width=\"1120\" height=\"840\" class=\"size-full wp-image-67895\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers say one particular flavanol, (-)epicatechin, may be the source of the brain benefits seen from consuming cocoa. Photo: Philippe Huguen/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Maria Godoy, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/07/209943266/can-chocolate-boost-brain-health-don-t-binge-just-yet\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (8/8/2013)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wouldn't it be grand (and delicious) if we could boost our brain power with a daily dose of chocolate?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first blush, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2013/08/07/WNL.0b013e3182a351aa.short?sid=084a882f-8469-41dc-bca1-b05af9921880\">study\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Neurology\u003c/em> this week appears to offer tantalizing evidence that this may be the case, at least when it comes to seniors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, older adults (average age 73) who drank two cups of cocoa daily for one month showed improvements in how quickly they completed a set of cognitive tests. Brain imaging showed these patients also experienced better blood flow to the brain, the authors reported. Dozens of media outlets jumped on the news, with headlines blaring that cocoa \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-204_162-57597454/two-cups-of-hot-cocoa-a-day-sharpen-seniors-brains-study-suggests/\">\"sharpens seniors' brains\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds like a good excuse to down a cup of hot chocolate, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not so fast, says Catherine Kwik-Uribe. She's the director of research and development for \u003ca href=\"http://www.marssymbioscience.com/\">Mars Symbioscience\u003c/a> – a unit of the candy-making giant that studies flavanols, a type of antioxidant in cocoa beans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she notes, there's a solid \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5053576\">body of research\u003c/a> showing that cocoa flavanols can help control \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/08/14/158761362/daily-dose-of-dark-chocolate-may-help-lower-blood-pressure\">blood pressure\u003c/a> and generally improve cardiovascular health. Plenty of evidence has linked cardiovascular health to cognition and, more recently, researchers have been asking whether cocoa flavanols can also boost brain health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our knowledge is just beginning to emerge,\" says Kwik-Uribe. But you can't conclude much from the \u003cem>Neurology \u003c/em>study, Kwik-Uribe told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers in the study, she notes, didn't find a difference between those who drank cocoa with high levels of flavanols and those with very low levels. The authors also failed to keep track of what else the participants were eating that might have influenced their improved cognitive test scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, cocoa's impact on the brain wasn't really the main point of the study anyway, as study author \u003ca href=\"http://physiciandirectory.brighamandwomens.org/Details/1452\">Farzaneh Sorond\u003c/a>, a neurologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, points out. She and her colleagues were mostly interested in investigating the link between poorer performance on thinking and memory tests and lower blood flow to the brain. The chocolate bit was really more of an aside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67893\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/chocolate2.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/chocolate2.jpg\" alt=\"Cocoa beans are naturally rich in flavanols, but these compounds can get stripped out by the time you get to a chocolate bar. Researchers use cocoa powder specially prepared to preserve the flavanols to figure out how they affect the brain. Photo: Courtesy of Mars\" width=\"1120\" height=\"745\" class=\"size-full wp-image-67893\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cocoa beans are naturally rich in flavanols, but these compounds can get stripped out by the time you get to a chocolate bar. Researchers use cocoa powder specially prepared to preserve the flavanols to figure out how they affect the brain. Photo: Courtesy of Mars\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I do not recommend that people add chocolate or cocoa to their diet at this point,\" Sorond told The Salt via email. \"Our results are preliminary and adding the extra calories, sugar and fat that comes with chocolate and cocoa carries additional health hazards which may offset any possible brain benefits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don't fret just yet, chocoholics: While this study may not tell us all that much, other research on cocoa flavanols and brain health, while preliminary, is more promising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have homed in on one particular flavanol, (-)epicatechin (it's pronounced minus epicatechin), as the likely source of the brain benefits seen from cocoa. For example, studies have found that \u003ca href=\"http://www.jneurosci.org/content/27/22/5869.full\">mice fed (-)epicatechin\u003c/a> had better spatial memory and formed more new blood vessels than mice who weren't given the compound. And research in \u003ca href=\"http://jeb.biologists.org/content/215/20/3566.full\">snails\u003c/a> has found the slimy crawlers were able to remember a trained task for at least a day when given the flavanol, compared to less than three hours without it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for humans, last year, Kwik-Uribe and her colleagues published a \u003ca href=\"http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/early/2012/08/14/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.193060\">study\u003c/a> that looked at 90 elderly patients with mild memory problems. Those who drank cocoa with medium levels (520 mg) to high levels (990 mg) of flavanols daily for eight weeks showed major improvements on tests that measured factors such as attention, verbal fluency and working memory, compared to those whose cocoa had low flavanol levels (45 mg).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how do cocoa flavanols confer their brain benefits? Researchers don't know for sure, though there are plenty of ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might be that flavanols promote better brain blood flow and help generate new blood vessels (the more oxygen your noggin gets, the better it performs). Or maybe flavanols encourage the expression of proteins that protect the brain and promote neuron connections. Cocoa flavanols also help control blood sugar, which might be protecting the brain from \u003ca href=\"http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/news/News_Releases/2012/03/insulin/\">declines associated with insulin resistance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data, says Kwik-Uribe, is still emerging: \"You have to stay tuned.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/67886/can-chocolate-boost-brain-health-dont-binge-just-yet","authors":["byline_bayareabites_67886"],"categories":["bayareabites_1653","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916"],"tags":["bayareabites_11226","bayareabites_147","bayareabites_10931","bayareabites_12188","bayareabites_12187","bayareabites_14756"],"featImg":"bayareabites_67894","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_57129":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_57129","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"57129","score":null,"sort":[1361472462000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"more-antioxidants-in-your-diet-may-not-mean-better-health","title":"More Antioxidants In Your Diet May Not Mean Better Health","publishDate":1361472462,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Post by Nancy Shute, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/20/172511813/more-antioxidants-in-your-diet-may-not-mean-better-health\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (2/21/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57133\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/02/coffee-istockphoto.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/02/coffee-istockphoto-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"The flavonoids in coffee may have health benefits, but preventing stroke may not be one of them. Photo: iStockphoto.com\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-57133\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The flavonoids in coffee may have health benefits, but preventing stroke may not be one of them. Photo: iStockphoto.com\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Antioxidants in foods are good for you, so more should be better, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evidently not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a new study, people who ate more antioxidants overall didn't lower their risk of stroke and dementia in old age. That flies in the face of earlier research that found that the antioxidants in fruits and vegetables reduce stroke and dementia risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're seeing strong and clear benefits with specific antioxidants but not overall,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://researchfaculty.brighamandwomens.org/BRIProfile.aspx?id=1898\">Elizabeth Devore\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital who led the new study, which was \u003ca href=\"http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2013/02/20/WNL.0b013e3182840c84.abstract\">published\u003c/a> online in the journal \u003cem>Neurology\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Devore found that eating lots of berries \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ana.23594/abstract\">delayed cognitive decline\u003c/a> among women in the big, ongoing \u003ca href=\"http://www.channing.harvard.edu/nhs/\">Nurses Health Study\u003c/a>. Berries have lots of chemicals called flavonoids, which researchers think probably have protective powers much like those of better-known antioxidants like beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before that, Devore had looked at data from a long-term study of more than 5,000 people ages 55 and older in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The people were followed for about 14 years. She found that people who ate foods with more vitamin E were less likely to suffer dementia, and people who ate foods with \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20625087\">more vitamin C\u003c/a> were less likely to have a stroke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now she's looking at the same people and finds that having lots of antioxidants in the diet overall doesn't help with stroke and dementia. What gives?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Devore tells The Salt that she reran the numbers from the earlier Rotterdam study, just to make sure she hadn't made a mistake, and it still showed that vitamins C and E were doing good things for the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the new study, the people with the highest levels of antioxidant intake were getting most of those antioxidants from coffee and tea. Evidently, the Dutch drink a lot of coffee!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coffee and tea are \"actually chock-full of antioxidants,\" Devore says, in the form of flavonoids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And other \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128110552\">studies\u003c/a> on people in Europe have found that drinking a lot of coffee, say five cups a day, does help protect against Alzheimer's. But similar benefits didn't appear in the coffee-loving Dutch group in Devore's study, which leads her to suspect that the total level of antioxidant intake isn't the whole story. \"It's nuance,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Italian \u003ca href=\"http://jn.nutrition.org/content/141/1/118.short\">study\u003c/a> from 2011 also showed less stroke risk in people who had a high-antioxidant diet overall. But in that case, the people were getting their antioxidants from wine, fruits and vegetables, Devore says. That's very different from the diet of the Dutch study participants, who ate a lot of meat and dairy, and fewer vegetables and fruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have just started to really dig into the relationship between \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2010/11/12/131272331/bow-down-to-the-medicinal-power-of-cranberries\">flavonoids and health\u003c/a>, thanks to a big new USDA database on the still largely mysterious chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That should help resolve the confusion over the merits of antioxidants, Devore says. \"As we're able to move into these more nontraditional antioxidant foods, we'll be able to tease out more specific information for people.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Antioxidants in foods may have health benefits, but it's not one size fits all. Having a diet high in overall antioxidant levels didn't prevent stroke and dementia in one recent study, although eating more vitamin C and E specifically did seem to help.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1361472488,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":554},"headData":{"title":"More Antioxidants In Your Diet May Not Mean Better Health | KQED","description":"Antioxidants in foods may have health benefits, but it's not one size fits all. Having a diet high in overall antioxidant levels didn't prevent stroke and dementia in one recent study, although eating more vitamin C and E specifically did seem to help.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"More Antioxidants In Your Diet May Not Mean Better Health","datePublished":"2013-02-21T18:47:42.000Z","dateModified":"2013-02-21T18:48:08.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"57129 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=57129","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/02/21/more-antioxidants-in-your-diet-may-not-mean-better-health/","disqusTitle":"More Antioxidants In Your Diet May Not Mean Better Health","nprByline":"Nancy Shute","nprStoryId":"172511813","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=172511813&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/20/172511813/more-antioxidants-in-your-diet-may-not-mean-better-health?ft=3&f=172511813","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 21 Feb 2013 12:34:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 21 Feb 2013 10:30:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 21 Feb 2013 12:34:18 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/57129/more-antioxidants-in-your-diet-may-not-mean-better-health","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Post by Nancy Shute, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/20/172511813/more-antioxidants-in-your-diet-may-not-mean-better-health\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (2/21/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57133\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/02/coffee-istockphoto.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/02/coffee-istockphoto-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"The flavonoids in coffee may have health benefits, but preventing stroke may not be one of them. Photo: iStockphoto.com\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-57133\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The flavonoids in coffee may have health benefits, but preventing stroke may not be one of them. Photo: iStockphoto.com\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Antioxidants in foods are good for you, so more should be better, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evidently not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a new study, people who ate more antioxidants overall didn't lower their risk of stroke and dementia in old age. That flies in the face of earlier research that found that the antioxidants in fruits and vegetables reduce stroke and dementia risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're seeing strong and clear benefits with specific antioxidants but not overall,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://researchfaculty.brighamandwomens.org/BRIProfile.aspx?id=1898\">Elizabeth Devore\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital who led the new study, which was \u003ca href=\"http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2013/02/20/WNL.0b013e3182840c84.abstract\">published\u003c/a> online in the journal \u003cem>Neurology\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Devore found that eating lots of berries \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ana.23594/abstract\">delayed cognitive decline\u003c/a> among women in the big, ongoing \u003ca href=\"http://www.channing.harvard.edu/nhs/\">Nurses Health Study\u003c/a>. Berries have lots of chemicals called flavonoids, which researchers think probably have protective powers much like those of better-known antioxidants like beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before that, Devore had looked at data from a long-term study of more than 5,000 people ages 55 and older in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The people were followed for about 14 years. She found that people who ate foods with more vitamin E were less likely to suffer dementia, and people who ate foods with \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20625087\">more vitamin C\u003c/a> were less likely to have a stroke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now she's looking at the same people and finds that having lots of antioxidants in the diet overall doesn't help with stroke and dementia. What gives?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Devore tells The Salt that she reran the numbers from the earlier Rotterdam study, just to make sure she hadn't made a mistake, and it still showed that vitamins C and E were doing good things for the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the new study, the people with the highest levels of antioxidant intake were getting most of those antioxidants from coffee and tea. Evidently, the Dutch drink a lot of coffee!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coffee and tea are \"actually chock-full of antioxidants,\" Devore says, in the form of flavonoids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And other \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128110552\">studies\u003c/a> on people in Europe have found that drinking a lot of coffee, say five cups a day, does help protect against Alzheimer's. But similar benefits didn't appear in the coffee-loving Dutch group in Devore's study, which leads her to suspect that the total level of antioxidant intake isn't the whole story. \"It's nuance,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Italian \u003ca href=\"http://jn.nutrition.org/content/141/1/118.short\">study\u003c/a> from 2011 also showed less stroke risk in people who had a high-antioxidant diet overall. But in that case, the people were getting their antioxidants from wine, fruits and vegetables, Devore says. That's very different from the diet of the Dutch study participants, who ate a lot of meat and dairy, and fewer vegetables and fruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have just started to really dig into the relationship between \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2010/11/12/131272331/bow-down-to-the-medicinal-power-of-cranberries\">flavonoids and health\u003c/a>, thanks to a big new USDA database on the still largely mysterious chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That should help resolve the confusion over the merits of antioxidants, Devore says. \"As we're able to move into these more nontraditional antioxidant foods, we'll be able to tease out more specific information for people.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/57129/more-antioxidants-in-your-diet-may-not-mean-better-health","authors":["byline_bayareabites_57129"],"categories":["bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_1248"],"tags":["bayareabites_11226","bayareabites_1182","bayareabites_663","bayareabites_11227","bayareabites_10921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_57130","label":"bayareabites"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. 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