Valley Fever Surging Again In California This Year
California Valley Fever Cases Highest On Record
California Prisons Fight to Reduce Dangerous 'Valley Fever' Infections Among Inmates
Dirty Cooling Towers Blamed for San Quentin Legionnaires' Outbreak
CDC: California Inmates Should Be Tested for Valley Fever Immunity
Federal Health Officials to Launch Study of Valley Fever
Valley Fever Hospitalizations Increase Dramatically in California
State to Transfer Inmates from Prisons Plagued by Valley Fever
Valley Fever Cases Soar in West, Yet 'Off The Radar' of East Coast Policymakers
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FM","link":"/"}},"stateofhealth_361978":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_361978","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"361978","score":null,"sort":[1510703682000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"valley-fever-surging-again-in-california-this-year","title":"Valley Fever Surging Again In California This Year","publishDate":1510703682,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Healthline | State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":3036,"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>Valley Fever is shaping up to be worse this year than in 2016, when the number of cases hit a record high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suspected cases of the fungal disease in the first 10 months of 2017 surged by more than one-third from the same period last year to 5,121, officials at the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That puts this year on track to surpass the number of cases recorded in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is important that people living, working and travelling in California are aware of its symptoms, especially in the southern San Joaquin Valley and the Central Coast, where it is most common,” Dr. Karen Smith, CDPH director and state public health officer, said in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--/.slab-container -->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The illness, also known by the scientific name coccidioidomycosis, typically causes flu-like symptoms such as fever, chest pain and coughing — but it can be dangerous. It is most prevalent in the late summer and fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department said it doesn’t know why there has been an apparent increase in cases again this year. But climatologists and other researchers have theorized that intensified \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017GL073524/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dust storms\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/valley-fever-on-the-rise-in-us-southwest/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heat waves\u003c/a> linked to global warming can fuel Valley Fever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people infected by the fungus don’t show symptoms. But Valley Fever can also be confused with other respiratory infections such as influenza and pneumonia. Elderly people and those with weakened immune symptoms can develop more severe symptoms, including infections of the bone, brain or other organs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Assemblyman Rudy Salas (D-Bakersfield), who represents areas of the San Joaquin Valley where the fungus is endemic, said the increase was alarming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[This] underscores the need for a statewide approach to help the thousands of families affected across the state,” Salas said in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1279\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">authored a measure\u003c/a> earlier this year that would have required the state public health department to develop outreach programs to educate people about the illness. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/docs/AB_1279_Veto_Message_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Governor Brown vetoed\u003c/a> the bill, arguing that the state already provides fact sheets and posters to raise awareness, and that delegating more resources should be decided through state budget negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agricultural communities are particularly hard hit by the fungal infection, which is contracted by breathing in spores when dust rises into the air because of weather conditions or activities such as farm work or construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno and Kern County reported a notable increase in the number of cases compared with the same period last year. Los Angeles, Tulare and San Luis Obispo counties also had a large share of the cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salas also wanted to establish an enhanced monitoring system for Valley Fever, including a working group of health officers from the five counties with the highest number of cases. Those proposals didn’t make it into the bill that Brown vetoed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a> (KHN) is a national health policy news service. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The number of suspected cases of the fungal infection are on pace to break last year’s record.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1510703924,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":505},"headData":{"title":"Valley Fever Surging Again In California This Year | KQED","description":"The number of suspected cases of the fungal infection are on pace to break last year’s record.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Valley Fever Surging Again In California This Year","datePublished":"2017-11-14T23:54:42.000Z","dateModified":"2017-11-14T23:58:44.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"361978 https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=361978","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2017/11/14/valley-fever-surging-again-in-california-this-year/","disqusTitle":"Valley Fever Surging Again In California This Year","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/author/pauline-bartolone/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pauline Bartolone\u003c/a>","path":"/stateofhealth/361978/valley-fever-surging-again-in-california-this-year","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Valley Fever is shaping up to be worse this year than in 2016, when the number of cases hit a record high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suspected cases of the fungal disease in the first 10 months of 2017 surged by more than one-third from the same period last year to 5,121, officials at the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That puts this year on track to surpass the number of cases recorded in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is important that people living, working and travelling in California are aware of its symptoms, especially in the southern San Joaquin Valley and the Central Coast, where it is most common,” Dr. Karen Smith, CDPH director and state public health officer, said in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--/.slab-container -->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The illness, also known by the scientific name coccidioidomycosis, typically causes flu-like symptoms such as fever, chest pain and coughing — but it can be dangerous. It is most prevalent in the late summer and fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department said it doesn’t know why there has been an apparent increase in cases again this year. But climatologists and other researchers have theorized that intensified \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017GL073524/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dust storms\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/valley-fever-on-the-rise-in-us-southwest/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heat waves\u003c/a> linked to global warming can fuel Valley Fever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people infected by the fungus don’t show symptoms. But Valley Fever can also be confused with other respiratory infections such as influenza and pneumonia. Elderly people and those with weakened immune symptoms can develop more severe symptoms, including infections of the bone, brain or other organs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Assemblyman Rudy Salas (D-Bakersfield), who represents areas of the San Joaquin Valley where the fungus is endemic, said the increase was alarming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[This] underscores the need for a statewide approach to help the thousands of families affected across the state,” Salas said in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1279\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">authored a measure\u003c/a> earlier this year that would have required the state public health department to develop outreach programs to educate people about the illness. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/docs/AB_1279_Veto_Message_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Governor Brown vetoed\u003c/a> the bill, arguing that the state already provides fact sheets and posters to raise awareness, and that delegating more resources should be decided through state budget negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agricultural communities are particularly hard hit by the fungal infection, which is contracted by breathing in spores when dust rises into the air because of weather conditions or activities such as farm work or construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno and Kern County reported a notable increase in the number of cases compared with the same period last year. Los Angeles, Tulare and San Luis Obispo counties also had a large share of the cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salas also wanted to establish an enhanced monitoring system for Valley Fever, including a working group of health officers from the five counties with the highest number of cases. Those proposals didn’t make it into the bill that Brown vetoed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a> (KHN) is a national health policy news service. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/361978/valley-fever-surging-again-in-california-this-year","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_361978"],"categories":["stateofhealth_11","stateofhealth_2746","stateofhealth_1"],"tags":["stateofhealth_3197","stateofhealth_2808","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_356"],"affiliates":["stateofhealth_3036"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_14958","label":"stateofhealth_3036"},"stateofhealth_358434":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_358434","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"358434","score":null,"sort":[1501092781000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-valley-fever-cases-highest-on-record","title":"California Valley Fever Cases Highest On Record","publishDate":1501092781,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Healthline | State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":3036,"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>The number of Valley Fever cases in California \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/CocciEpiSummary2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rose to a record level\u003c/a> in 2016, with 5,372 reported — a jump of 71 percent from the previous year. Historically, about three-quarters of cases have been in the state’s heavily agricultural San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fungal infection, known as coccidioidomycosis, or “cocci,” is most common in the southern portion of the Valley and along the Central Coast of California. State health officials say they’re not sure what caused the recent increase, the largest since 2011, but “climatic and environmental factors” could have increased the risk of exposure to the airborne spores that cause the disease, according to the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climatologists and other researchers have theorized that intensified \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017GL073524/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dust storms\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/valley-fever-on-the-rise-in-us-southwest/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">heat waves\u003c/a> linked to global warming can fuel Valley Fever infection. Human activities that stir dust into the air, such as farming and construction, also contribute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An influx of new people in areas where the fungus is most prevalent, along with better reporting of the disease, also may have contributed to the increase, according to the public health department, which has tracked Valley Fever since 1995.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"datawrapper-chart-1h7jK\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/1h7jK/2/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/coccidioidomycosis/statistics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than 11,000 cases\u003c/a> of Valley Fever were reported in 2015, the latest year for which data are available, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That was up from 8,232 cases the previous year. Arizona and California account for the vast majority of cases. In 2015, Arizona had 7,622 cases, the most of any state. California had the second-highest number, with 3,053. Nevada, Utah and New Mexico, among other states, had smaller numbers of Valley Fever cases in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deaths from Valley Fever averaged 200 a year from 1990 to 2008, according to the CDC. And since 1997, the number of deaths has changed very little from year to year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health does not regularly track Valley Fever. But it said a review of death certificates found that 1,098 people in the state died of the disease from 2000 to 2013. The state’s overall incidence rate of Valley Fever in 2016, 13.7 per 100,000 people, was up sharply from the 2015 rate of 8 per 100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re horrified but not surprised when the cases increase,” said Sandra Larson, former executive director of the Valley Fever Americas Foundation, who lives just outside Bakersfield, in the San Joaquin Valley. “We’re known as endemic for Valley Fever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People contract the illness by breathing in tiny spores stirred up from dusty soil. The illness echoes the flu in its symptoms, which can include cough, severe fatigue, fever, headaches and rashes. In many cases, people recover on their own. But the infection can also spread beyond the lungs into other parts of the body, including joints, reproductive organs and teeth. In rare cases it can lead to hospitalization, and even death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County, an agricultural area that encompasses Bakersfield and stretches into the Mojave Desert, had the highest number of cases in 2016, with about 40 percent of the statewide total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"datawrapper-chart-WvZvn\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/WvZvn/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Royce Johnson, chief of infectious diseases at Kern Medical Center, said people have long tried to understand what causes spikes in Valley Fever, but with little success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are so many variables — temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind — you have to have a pretty fancy computer model to try to study this,” said Johnson, who has been treating Valley Fever since 1975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the number of California cases last year were the highest on record, Johnson said, he doubts it was the worst year for “cocci” in history. The infection also surged in the early 1990s, before the state starting following it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, Johnson said 2016 “was a very big year” for Valley Fever in his practice, and many patients came in with the typical symptoms. The disease can be “devastating,” leaving some people disabled or unemployable, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Valley Fever causes severe knee swelling, for example, “you’re not going to build houses or pick grapes or be an auto mechanic,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan Perez, 55, who lives in San Diego County, said he’s been unable to work since coming down with the illness, which prompted him to sell his house and sign up for disability payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez believes he contracted Valley Fever in 2014 while working as a power and utilities inspector in the Bakersfield area. His co-workers were digging up pipes that had been buried for 50 or 60 years, and dust was flying everywhere, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after, pneumonia-like symptoms set in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I started feeling exhausted, started having a hard time breathing. I couldn’t sleep at night,” Perez remembers. “My appetite was just not what it used to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez eventually was hospitalized, and he underwent surgery to remove a mass under his lungs. Now, he says he has chronic fatigue and pain, and he takes medication to keep the fungus at bay. But there is no cure. Even going to the grocery store wears him out, Perez says. “I basically have to hold onto the cart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Valley Fever can be very serious, people are far more likely to be injured in a car wreck than to contract a severe case of the disease, said Larson, the former director of the Valley Fever America Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization is trying to build more awareness about the disease. Public understanding of it is still limited, but it has increased significantly in recent years, Larson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty years ago, no one knew about Valley Fever, but now “there’s a national recognition of it that we never had before,” Larson said. That’s due in part to celebrities such as Los Angeles Dodgers baseball player Brandon Morrow, who has \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/sports/dodgers/la-sp-dodgers-brandon-morrow-20170703-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">spoken openly\u003c/a> about his protracted battle with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denise Smith, director of disease control for Kern County’s Public Health Department, said the county has also embarked on a number of public awareness initiatives. It has educated local doctors about it, and recently launched a billboard campaign to inform residents about how to recognize and prevent the illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When people get in treatment early, they have better outcomes,” Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Nearly 5,400 cases of the soil-borne fungal disease were reported in 2016.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1501092781,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/1h7jK/2/","//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/WvZvn/1/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":29,"wordCount":1081},"headData":{"title":"California Valley Fever Cases Highest On Record | KQED","description":"Nearly 5,400 cases of the soil-borne fungal disease were reported in 2016.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Valley Fever Cases Highest On Record","datePublished":"2017-07-26T18:13:01.000Z","dateModified":"2017-07-26T18:13:01.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"358434 https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=358434","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2017/07/26/california-valley-fever-cases-highest-on-record/","disqusTitle":"California Valley Fever Cases Highest On Record","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/news/author/pauline-bartolone/\">\u003cstrong>Pauline Bartolone\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>","path":"/stateofhealth/358434/california-valley-fever-cases-highest-on-record","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The number of Valley Fever cases in California \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/CocciEpiSummary2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rose to a record level\u003c/a> in 2016, with 5,372 reported — a jump of 71 percent from the previous year. Historically, about three-quarters of cases have been in the state’s heavily agricultural San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fungal infection, known as coccidioidomycosis, or “cocci,” is most common in the southern portion of the Valley and along the Central Coast of California. State health officials say they’re not sure what caused the recent increase, the largest since 2011, but “climatic and environmental factors” could have increased the risk of exposure to the airborne spores that cause the disease, according to the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climatologists and other researchers have theorized that intensified \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017GL073524/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dust storms\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/valley-fever-on-the-rise-in-us-southwest/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">heat waves\u003c/a> linked to global warming can fuel Valley Fever infection. Human activities that stir dust into the air, such as farming and construction, also contribute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An influx of new people in areas where the fungus is most prevalent, along with better reporting of the disease, also may have contributed to the increase, according to the public health department, which has tracked Valley Fever since 1995.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"datawrapper-chart-1h7jK\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/1h7jK/2/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/coccidioidomycosis/statistics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than 11,000 cases\u003c/a> of Valley Fever were reported in 2015, the latest year for which data are available, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That was up from 8,232 cases the previous year. Arizona and California account for the vast majority of cases. In 2015, Arizona had 7,622 cases, the most of any state. California had the second-highest number, with 3,053. Nevada, Utah and New Mexico, among other states, had smaller numbers of Valley Fever cases in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deaths from Valley Fever averaged 200 a year from 1990 to 2008, according to the CDC. And since 1997, the number of deaths has changed very little from year to year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health does not regularly track Valley Fever. But it said a review of death certificates found that 1,098 people in the state died of the disease from 2000 to 2013. The state’s overall incidence rate of Valley Fever in 2016, 13.7 per 100,000 people, was up sharply from the 2015 rate of 8 per 100,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re horrified but not surprised when the cases increase,” said Sandra Larson, former executive director of the Valley Fever Americas Foundation, who lives just outside Bakersfield, in the San Joaquin Valley. “We’re known as endemic for Valley Fever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People contract the illness by breathing in tiny spores stirred up from dusty soil. The illness echoes the flu in its symptoms, which can include cough, severe fatigue, fever, headaches and rashes. In many cases, people recover on their own. But the infection can also spread beyond the lungs into other parts of the body, including joints, reproductive organs and teeth. In rare cases it can lead to hospitalization, and even death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County, an agricultural area that encompasses Bakersfield and stretches into the Mojave Desert, had the highest number of cases in 2016, with about 40 percent of the statewide total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"datawrapper-chart-WvZvn\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/WvZvn/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Royce Johnson, chief of infectious diseases at Kern Medical Center, said people have long tried to understand what causes spikes in Valley Fever, but with little success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are so many variables — temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind — you have to have a pretty fancy computer model to try to study this,” said Johnson, who has been treating Valley Fever since 1975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the number of California cases last year were the highest on record, Johnson said, he doubts it was the worst year for “cocci” in history. The infection also surged in the early 1990s, before the state starting following it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, Johnson said 2016 “was a very big year” for Valley Fever in his practice, and many patients came in with the typical symptoms. The disease can be “devastating,” leaving some people disabled or unemployable, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Valley Fever causes severe knee swelling, for example, “you’re not going to build houses or pick grapes or be an auto mechanic,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan Perez, 55, who lives in San Diego County, said he’s been unable to work since coming down with the illness, which prompted him to sell his house and sign up for disability payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez believes he contracted Valley Fever in 2014 while working as a power and utilities inspector in the Bakersfield area. His co-workers were digging up pipes that had been buried for 50 or 60 years, and dust was flying everywhere, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after, pneumonia-like symptoms set in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I started feeling exhausted, started having a hard time breathing. I couldn’t sleep at night,” Perez remembers. “My appetite was just not what it used to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez eventually was hospitalized, and he underwent surgery to remove a mass under his lungs. Now, he says he has chronic fatigue and pain, and he takes medication to keep the fungus at bay. But there is no cure. Even going to the grocery store wears him out, Perez says. “I basically have to hold onto the cart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Valley Fever can be very serious, people are far more likely to be injured in a car wreck than to contract a severe case of the disease, said Larson, the former director of the Valley Fever America Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization is trying to build more awareness about the disease. Public understanding of it is still limited, but it has increased significantly in recent years, Larson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty years ago, no one knew about Valley Fever, but now “there’s a national recognition of it that we never had before,” Larson said. That’s due in part to celebrities such as Los Angeles Dodgers baseball player Brandon Morrow, who has \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/sports/dodgers/la-sp-dodgers-brandon-morrow-20170703-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">spoken openly\u003c/a> about his protracted battle with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denise Smith, director of disease control for Kern County’s Public Health Department, said the county has also embarked on a number of public awareness initiatives. It has educated local doctors about it, and recently launched a billboard campaign to inform residents about how to recognize and prevent the illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When people get in treatment early, they have better outcomes,” Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/358434/california-valley-fever-cases-highest-on-record","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_358434"],"categories":["stateofhealth_11","stateofhealth_1"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2808","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_356"],"affiliates":["stateofhealth_3036"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_358437","label":"stateofhealth_3036"},"stateofhealth_291413":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_291413","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"291413","score":null,"sort":[1487192784000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-prisons-fight-to-reduce-dangerous-valley-fever-infections-among-inmates","title":"California Prisons Fight to Reduce Dangerous 'Valley Fever' Infections Among Inmates","publishDate":1487192784,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Valley Public Radio | State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":3043,"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/307877957\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>\"Just One Breath\"\u003c/strong>: Read More \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/valleyfever\" target=\"_blank\">Investigations\u003c/a> About Valley Fever\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/valleyfever\" target=\"_blank\">“Just One Breath”\u003c/a> project results from an innovative reporting venture, the Center for Health Journalism Collaborative, which currently involves the Bakersfield Californian, Radio Bilingüe in Fresno, Valley Public Radio in Fresno and Bakersfield, Vida en el Valle in Fresno, Hanford Sentinel, the Voice of OC in Santa Ana, the Arizona Daily Star in Tucson and La Estrella de Tucsón. The collaborative is an initiative of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Health Journalism\u003c/a> at the University of Southern California’s Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>When the wind kicks up in the town of Coalinga, dust devils whirl over almond orchards and pumpjacks. You can even see the narrow brown funnels from the grounds of Pleasant Valley State Prison, on the outskirts of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the prison itself, there’s hardly any dust. That's evidence of years of work by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to reduce and control the San Joaquin Valley's ubiquitous wind-borne dust. The dust carries the spores of the debilitating fungal disease known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/coccidioidomycosis/\" target=\"_blank\">coccidioidomycosis\u003c/a>, or \"valley fever.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As you can see, it’s a slight breeze but there’s nothing blowing around,” says prison spokesman Matt Martin, gesturing toward dirt-packed exercise yards and the unpaved shoulders of nearby roads. \"It’s a dirt spray, it’ll keep the dust down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Inhaling the dust can be deadly. Spores of the dangerous fungus lurk inside the dust, and if prisoners inhale those spores, they can get sick.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">By 2011, hundreds of state prisoners were falling ill with the disease every year. Annual prisoner deaths from the disease ranged between six to nine. Pleasant Valley had the most cases; in 2011, the prison's diagnosis rate was more than 600 times the general California rate. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prisoners are especially vulnerable to valley fever. They can’t install new air filters or double-paned windows. And they obviously can’t leave.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_291432\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-291432\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Pleasant Valley State Prison in western Fresno County has reported the most cases of valley fever of any California state prison.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pleasant Valley State Prison in western Fresno County has reported the most cases of valley fever of any California state prison. \u003ccite>(Kerry Klein/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Preventing this disease is challenging because we all breathe, and many of us live in areas where this fungus is found,” says Dr. Tom Chiller, chief of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dfwed/mycotics/\" target=\"_blank\">mycotic diseases branch \u003c/a>of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But in the last few years, California’s state prisons have made progress. They’ve worked to screen out the prisoners most vulnerable to the disease and have taken measures to lower the risk to inmates incarcerated there. Between 2011 and 2015, while background valley fever rates in the southwest dropped by 30 to 50 percent, rates in state prisons fell close to 90 percent overall. Those improvements did not happen quickly or easily, and some required intervention by outsiders.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Some prisoners more vulnerable than others\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Richard Nuwintore was barely three weeks into his sentence at Taft Correctional Institution when he began to cough and experience chest pain. Within a few days, it was obvious something was wrong.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>“\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I could touch my skin and I was really hot,” Nuwintore recalls. “I had the coughing, the night sweats. My appetite was gone. I couldn't eat. I couldn't swallow, and I was losing weight really, really fast.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Valley fever is endemic to dusty areas of the southwestern United States. Most who inhale the spores overcome the disease without ever knowing it. Some develop symptoms resembling pneumonia or bronchitis. In a small minority, the disease causes severe lung infection or disseminates throughout the body, requiring lifelong treatment. In the worst cases, the infection leads to fatal meningitis. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disease draws its name from the San Joaquin Valley, the agricultural belt in the center of the state where the disease is concentrated. Kern County — where Nuwintore was incarcerated at Taft — has the highest valley fever incidence of any California county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally a refugee from the east African country of Burundi, Nuwintore had never heard of the disease before arriving at Taft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other inmates were telling me about valley fever, and I was like, ‘What is it? What is it?’ ” he says. “It was something scary, you know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nuwintore was a victim of confinement in an endemic area, but weather and genetics also played a role. In 2011, when he was diagnosed, valley fever rates in Arizona and California were skyrocketing — a peak experts largely attribute to\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bakersfield.com/special/just-one-breath/valley-fever-cases-spike-is-it-the-weather/article_7ce6b232-d0a0-5674-bdf6-e512a3d46d42.html\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">weather cycles of rain and drought\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. And research shows that individuals of African-American or African descent, like Nuwintore, are especially prone to the disease.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Taft is a federal prison and its health data have not been made available. But in state prisons all around Taft, the disease simmered. Between 2007 and 2015, almost 3,500 state prisoners in California were diagnosed with valley fever — many of whom, like Nuwintore, still struggle to manage the disease.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Prisons take steps to reduce risk\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation began taking steps to prevent valley fever long before the alarming 2011 spike in cases.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beginning in 2006, prison officials began excluding inmates with weakened immune systems — due to factors such as HIV or chemotherapy — from all eight prisons in the Central Valley. But valley fever rates still rose among prisoners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_291430\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-291430\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Between 2007 and 2015, almost 3,500 state prisoners in California were diagnosed with valley fever.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Between 2007 and 2015, almost 3,500 state prisoners in California were diagnosed with valley fever. \u003ccite>(Kerry Klein/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">More sweeping interventions arrived in 2013, at the behest of federal officials who by that time had taken over the administration of prison health care in California. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The federal oversight officials added a new rule specifically for prisoners who are African-American or Filipino, another group that is especially susceptible to the disease. The rule held that inmates from those two ethnic groups could \u003cem>not\u003c/em> be sent to the two most affected prisons, Pleasant Valley and nearby Avenal State Prison.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At those two prisons, officials have distributed dust masks that inmates can wear outside. Prisoners also have the option to stay indoors when wind speeds are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I think [valley fever] is one of the biggest issues that we've had in this system,” says Janet Mohle-Boetani, a health administrator with the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. “We're taking precautions for every prison in the Central Valley, and we're taking extra special precautions for the two prisons that have the very high rates of valley fever.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The most significant change, perhaps, arrived in 2015 on the recommendation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It’s\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/post/new-valley-fever-skin-test-shows-promise-obstacles-remain\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a skin test called Spherusol\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that can detect valley fever immunity, and it’s offered to every inmate entering the state prison system. An individual who tests positive has already been exposed to the fungus and fought it off successfully, and is henceforth immune. Inmates who test negative are still at risk. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“If they inhale the dust with the fungus in it and they've tested negative, they're much more likely to get the disease than someone who has a positive test,” says Mohle-Boetani. “So if someone comes into the reception center and then they test negative, we put a medical restriction on those patients so they are not sent to live in Avenal or Pleasant Valley State Prison.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">People gain immunity after successfully fighting off the disease. In a mass screening in early 2015, around 35,000 inmates in the California prison system took the test and roughly 9 percent were shown to be immune.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The CDC recommended Spherusol to the state prison system shortly after the test became commercially available in 2014. The FDA has not actually approved Spherusol for this purpose, but like other medical products, it is being used off-label to sort the prisoners by risk.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Given the fact that they were having such high rates of cocci, we knew that we needed to do whatever we could to try to help them lower the risk,” says the CDC’s Tom Chiller, referring to valley fever by its scientific nickname, cocci. “We immediately thought 'Maybe this could be used to understand which prisoners could exist in an area with the fungal spores but not get infected, or at least have an extremely low risk of getting infected.'”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">John Galgiani, director of the University of Arizona’s Valley Fever Center for Excellence, is optimistic about the decline in valley fever reported in California’s prisons, but he says it’s too early to determine the exact reasons.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I think they should be given credit for the drop to some extent,” Galgiani says, “but it'll take time to see if it stays low, to see if it's because of the policies that are now put in place.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Health impacts linger after prison sentence\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today, Richard Nuwintore lives on a suburban cul-de-sac outside Sacramento with his mother and girlfriend.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He may be free from prison, but he’s not free of the disease. He’s too sick to work, and he’ll probably be on antifungal medications for the rest of his life. The fat pink and blue pills keep him alive, but their side effects are almost as bad as the disease itself.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You wake up, you have a little bit of energy, but as the day goes by you start to just feel pain in the joints,” he says. “Of course, your stomach is still on fire because the medicine is kind of powerful. And [there's] fatigue, and sometimes you get dizzy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Nuwintore and another inmate won a landmark case that established the right of prisoners to sue the federal government for damages related to the disease, even though Taft is managed by a private contractor. They’ve now filed a second lawsuit to recoup their medical costs and lost earnings — a sum that could reach millions.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Fungal spores swirling within the dust of the San Joaquin Valley have forced state prisons to ramp up prevention efforts.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1487717974,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":40,"wordCount":1744},"headData":{"title":"California Prisons Fight to Reduce Dangerous 'Valley Fever' Infections Among Inmates | KQED","description":"Fungal spores swirling within the dust of the San Joaquin Valley have forced state prisons to ramp up prevention efforts.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Prisons Fight to Reduce Dangerous 'Valley Fever' Infections Among Inmates","datePublished":"2017-02-15T21:06:24.000Z","dateModified":"2017-02-21T22:59:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"291413 https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=291413","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2017/02/15/california-prisons-fight-to-reduce-dangerous-valley-fever-infections-among-inmates/","disqusTitle":"California Prisons Fight to Reduce Dangerous 'Valley Fever' Infections Among Inmates","nprByline":"\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/people/kerry-klein\" target=\"_blank\">Kerry Klein\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/br>\u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Valley Public Radio\u003c/a>","path":"/stateofhealth/291413/california-prisons-fight-to-reduce-dangerous-valley-fever-infections-among-inmates","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/307877957&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/307877957'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>\"Just One Breath\"\u003c/strong>: Read More \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/valleyfever\" target=\"_blank\">Investigations\u003c/a> About Valley Fever\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/valleyfever\" target=\"_blank\">“Just One Breath”\u003c/a> project results from an innovative reporting venture, the Center for Health Journalism Collaborative, which currently involves the Bakersfield Californian, Radio Bilingüe in Fresno, Valley Public Radio in Fresno and Bakersfield, Vida en el Valle in Fresno, Hanford Sentinel, the Voice of OC in Santa Ana, the Arizona Daily Star in Tucson and La Estrella de Tucsón. The collaborative is an initiative of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Health Journalism\u003c/a> at the University of Southern California’s Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>When the wind kicks up in the town of Coalinga, dust devils whirl over almond orchards and pumpjacks. You can even see the narrow brown funnels from the grounds of Pleasant Valley State Prison, on the outskirts of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the prison itself, there’s hardly any dust. That's evidence of years of work by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to reduce and control the San Joaquin Valley's ubiquitous wind-borne dust. The dust carries the spores of the debilitating fungal disease known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/coccidioidomycosis/\" target=\"_blank\">coccidioidomycosis\u003c/a>, or \"valley fever.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As you can see, it’s a slight breeze but there’s nothing blowing around,” says prison spokesman Matt Martin, gesturing toward dirt-packed exercise yards and the unpaved shoulders of nearby roads. \"It’s a dirt spray, it’ll keep the dust down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Inhaling the dust can be deadly. Spores of the dangerous fungus lurk inside the dust, and if prisoners inhale those spores, they can get sick.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">By 2011, hundreds of state prisoners were falling ill with the disease every year. Annual prisoner deaths from the disease ranged between six to nine. Pleasant Valley had the most cases; in 2011, the prison's diagnosis rate was more than 600 times the general California rate. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prisoners are especially vulnerable to valley fever. They can’t install new air filters or double-paned windows. And they obviously can’t leave.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_291432\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-291432\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Pleasant Valley State Prison in western Fresno County has reported the most cases of valley fever of any California state prison.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley3-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pleasant Valley State Prison in western Fresno County has reported the most cases of valley fever of any California state prison. \u003ccite>(Kerry Klein/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Preventing this disease is challenging because we all breathe, and many of us live in areas where this fungus is found,” says Dr. Tom Chiller, chief of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dfwed/mycotics/\" target=\"_blank\">mycotic diseases branch \u003c/a>of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But in the last few years, California’s state prisons have made progress. They’ve worked to screen out the prisoners most vulnerable to the disease and have taken measures to lower the risk to inmates incarcerated there. Between 2011 and 2015, while background valley fever rates in the southwest dropped by 30 to 50 percent, rates in state prisons fell close to 90 percent overall. Those improvements did not happen quickly or easily, and some required intervention by outsiders.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Some prisoners more vulnerable than others\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Richard Nuwintore was barely three weeks into his sentence at Taft Correctional Institution when he began to cough and experience chest pain. Within a few days, it was obvious something was wrong.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>“\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I could touch my skin and I was really hot,” Nuwintore recalls. “I had the coughing, the night sweats. My appetite was gone. I couldn't eat. I couldn't swallow, and I was losing weight really, really fast.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Valley fever is endemic to dusty areas of the southwestern United States. Most who inhale the spores overcome the disease without ever knowing it. Some develop symptoms resembling pneumonia or bronchitis. In a small minority, the disease causes severe lung infection or disseminates throughout the body, requiring lifelong treatment. In the worst cases, the infection leads to fatal meningitis. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disease draws its name from the San Joaquin Valley, the agricultural belt in the center of the state where the disease is concentrated. Kern County — where Nuwintore was incarcerated at Taft — has the highest valley fever incidence of any California county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally a refugee from the east African country of Burundi, Nuwintore had never heard of the disease before arriving at Taft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other inmates were telling me about valley fever, and I was like, ‘What is it? What is it?’ ” he says. “It was something scary, you know?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nuwintore was a victim of confinement in an endemic area, but weather and genetics also played a role. In 2011, when he was diagnosed, valley fever rates in Arizona and California were skyrocketing — a peak experts largely attribute to\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bakersfield.com/special/just-one-breath/valley-fever-cases-spike-is-it-the-weather/article_7ce6b232-d0a0-5674-bdf6-e512a3d46d42.html\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">weather cycles of rain and drought\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. And research shows that individuals of African-American or African descent, like Nuwintore, are especially prone to the disease.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Taft is a federal prison and its health data have not been made available. But in state prisons all around Taft, the disease simmered. Between 2007 and 2015, almost 3,500 state prisoners in California were diagnosed with valley fever — many of whom, like Nuwintore, still struggle to manage the disease.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Prisons take steps to reduce risk\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation began taking steps to prevent valley fever long before the alarming 2011 spike in cases.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beginning in 2006, prison officials began excluding inmates with weakened immune systems — due to factors such as HIV or chemotherapy — from all eight prisons in the Central Valley. But valley fever rates still rose among prisoners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_291430\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-291430\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Between 2007 and 2015, almost 3,500 state prisoners in California were diagnosed with valley fever.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2017/02/PleasantValley1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Between 2007 and 2015, almost 3,500 state prisoners in California were diagnosed with valley fever. \u003ccite>(Kerry Klein/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">More sweeping interventions arrived in 2013, at the behest of federal officials who by that time had taken over the administration of prison health care in California. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The federal oversight officials added a new rule specifically for prisoners who are African-American or Filipino, another group that is especially susceptible to the disease. The rule held that inmates from those two ethnic groups could \u003cem>not\u003c/em> be sent to the two most affected prisons, Pleasant Valley and nearby Avenal State Prison.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At those two prisons, officials have distributed dust masks that inmates can wear outside. Prisoners also have the option to stay indoors when wind speeds are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I think [valley fever] is one of the biggest issues that we've had in this system,” says Janet Mohle-Boetani, a health administrator with the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. “We're taking precautions for every prison in the Central Valley, and we're taking extra special precautions for the two prisons that have the very high rates of valley fever.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The most significant change, perhaps, arrived in 2015 on the recommendation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It’s\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/post/new-valley-fever-skin-test-shows-promise-obstacles-remain\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a skin test called Spherusol\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that can detect valley fever immunity, and it’s offered to every inmate entering the state prison system. An individual who tests positive has already been exposed to the fungus and fought it off successfully, and is henceforth immune. Inmates who test negative are still at risk. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“If they inhale the dust with the fungus in it and they've tested negative, they're much more likely to get the disease than someone who has a positive test,” says Mohle-Boetani. “So if someone comes into the reception center and then they test negative, we put a medical restriction on those patients so they are not sent to live in Avenal or Pleasant Valley State Prison.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">People gain immunity after successfully fighting off the disease. In a mass screening in early 2015, around 35,000 inmates in the California prison system took the test and roughly 9 percent were shown to be immune.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The CDC recommended Spherusol to the state prison system shortly after the test became commercially available in 2014. The FDA has not actually approved Spherusol for this purpose, but like other medical products, it is being used off-label to sort the prisoners by risk.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Given the fact that they were having such high rates of cocci, we knew that we needed to do whatever we could to try to help them lower the risk,” says the CDC’s Tom Chiller, referring to valley fever by its scientific nickname, cocci. “We immediately thought 'Maybe this could be used to understand which prisoners could exist in an area with the fungal spores but not get infected, or at least have an extremely low risk of getting infected.'”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">John Galgiani, director of the University of Arizona’s Valley Fever Center for Excellence, is optimistic about the decline in valley fever reported in California’s prisons, but he says it’s too early to determine the exact reasons.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I think they should be given credit for the drop to some extent,” Galgiani says, “but it'll take time to see if it stays low, to see if it's because of the policies that are now put in place.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Health impacts linger after prison sentence\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today, Richard Nuwintore lives on a suburban cul-de-sac outside Sacramento with his mother and girlfriend.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He may be free from prison, but he’s not free of the disease. He’s too sick to work, and he’ll probably be on antifungal medications for the rest of his life. The fat pink and blue pills keep him alive, but their side effects are almost as bad as the disease itself.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You wake up, you have a little bit of energy, but as the day goes by you start to just feel pain in the joints,” he says. “Of course, your stomach is still on fire because the medicine is kind of powerful. And [there's] fatigue, and sometimes you get dizzy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Nuwintore and another inmate won a landmark case that established the right of prisoners to sue the federal government for damages related to the disease, even though Taft is managed by a private contractor. They’ve now filed a second lawsuit to recoup their medical costs and lost earnings — a sum that could reach millions.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/291413/california-prisons-fight-to-reduce-dangerous-valley-fever-infections-among-inmates","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_291413"],"categories":["stateofhealth_11","stateofhealth_166","stateofhealth_2746"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2808","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_3046","stateofhealth_2735","stateofhealth_356"],"affiliates":["stateofhealth_3043"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_291429","label":"stateofhealth_3043"},"stateofhealth_87049":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_87049","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"87049","score":null,"sort":[1443743176000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dirty-cooling-towers-blamed-for-san-quentin-legionnaires-outbreak","title":"Dirty Cooling Towers Blamed for San Quentin Legionnaires' Outbreak","publishDate":1443743176,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — Dirty cooling towers were to blame for an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/08/28/san-quentin-responds-to-possible-legionnaires-outbreak\" target=\"_blank\">outbreak of Legionnaires' disease\u003c/a> that has sickened dozens of inmates and at least three employees at San Quentin State Prison since late August, according to a report Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tests showed two of the towers on the roof of the prison's Central Health Services Building had high concentrations of the bacterium that causes the disease, according to the federal receiver who controls inmate medical care. The report says people walking near the towers evidently inhaled contaminated mist, because no drinking water was affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Receiver J. Clark Kelso blamed a buildup of sludge in the cooling tower water pans, as well as a heat wave in the San Francisco Bay Area, for the Legionnaires' disease outbreak that sickened 81 inmates and sent 13 of them to outside hospitals. Twelve employees are still being tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The towers have since been cleaned and the 163-year-old prison north of San Francisco is back to normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KQED, Donald Specter with the Prison Law Office, an advocacy group, says the administration handled the situation well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were quite transparent about the whole process. We were allowed to go into the prison and interview scores of prisoners and talk to prison officials. And they brought in the appropriate specialists to help them solve the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a time, the outbreak caused the state's oldest prison to cancel visits, hot meals and showers, and haul in water and portable toilets for the more than 3,300 inmates and 1,200 employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legionnaires' disease is considered a severe type of pneumonia that can bring high fever, chills and a cough. It occurs when contaminated water is inhaled in the form of steam, mist or moisture. A recent outbreak that sickened 128 people and killed 12 in New York City was similarly traced to a Bronx hotel's rooftop air conditioning unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation said it is working with employees at prisons statewide to make sure they carefully clean danger areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, Kelso reported that 88 percent of 5,420 inmates housed in Avenal and Pleasant Valley state prisons, the epicenter of California's Valley Fever outbreak, recently refused to be tested for exposure to the soil-borne fungus that causes the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who were tested at the two Central Valley prisons were four times as likely to have been exposed to the fungus as inmates at other state prisons. However, the high rate of refusals raises questions about the effectiveness of the testing, which cost taxpayers $5.4 million this year, Kelso said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prison system is using the tests to decide which inmates can more safely be housed at the prisons near Fresno. An early round of tests this year forced more than 2,100 inmates to be moved from the two prisons, while more than 3,000 inmates could be moved in to take their place because they are less likely to get the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liz Gransee, a spokeswoman for the receiver, said the office is sending a team to talk to inmate representatives at the two prisons to find out why so many refused, and it plans an education campaign based on the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Andrew Stelzer contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"81 prisoners and 3 staff members were diagnosed with the disease. No one has died. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1443744512,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":549},"headData":{"title":"Dirty Cooling Towers Blamed for San Quentin Legionnaires' Outbreak | KQED","description":"81 prisoners and 3 staff members were diagnosed with the disease. No one has died. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Dirty Cooling Towers Blamed for San Quentin Legionnaires' Outbreak","datePublished":"2015-10-01T23:46:16.000Z","dateModified":"2015-10-02T00:08:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"87049 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=87049","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/10/01/dirty-cooling-towers-blamed-for-san-quentin-legionnaires-outbreak/","disqusTitle":"Dirty Cooling Towers Blamed for San Quentin Legionnaires' Outbreak","nprByline":"\u003cstrong>Don Thompson\u003cbr />Associated Press\u003c/strong>","path":"/stateofhealth/87049/dirty-cooling-towers-blamed-for-san-quentin-legionnaires-outbreak","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — Dirty cooling towers were to blame for an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/08/28/san-quentin-responds-to-possible-legionnaires-outbreak\" target=\"_blank\">outbreak of Legionnaires' disease\u003c/a> that has sickened dozens of inmates and at least three employees at San Quentin State Prison since late August, according to a report Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tests showed two of the towers on the roof of the prison's Central Health Services Building had high concentrations of the bacterium that causes the disease, according to the federal receiver who controls inmate medical care. The report says people walking near the towers evidently inhaled contaminated mist, because no drinking water was affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Receiver J. Clark Kelso blamed a buildup of sludge in the cooling tower water pans, as well as a heat wave in the San Francisco Bay Area, for the Legionnaires' disease outbreak that sickened 81 inmates and sent 13 of them to outside hospitals. Twelve employees are still being tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The towers have since been cleaned and the 163-year-old prison north of San Francisco is back to normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KQED, Donald Specter with the Prison Law Office, an advocacy group, says the administration handled the situation well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were quite transparent about the whole process. We were allowed to go into the prison and interview scores of prisoners and talk to prison officials. And they brought in the appropriate specialists to help them solve the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a time, the outbreak caused the state's oldest prison to cancel visits, hot meals and showers, and haul in water and portable toilets for the more than 3,300 inmates and 1,200 employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legionnaires' disease is considered a severe type of pneumonia that can bring high fever, chills and a cough. It occurs when contaminated water is inhaled in the form of steam, mist or moisture. A recent outbreak that sickened 128 people and killed 12 in New York City was similarly traced to a Bronx hotel's rooftop air conditioning unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation said it is working with employees at prisons statewide to make sure they carefully clean danger areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, Kelso reported that 88 percent of 5,420 inmates housed in Avenal and Pleasant Valley state prisons, the epicenter of California's Valley Fever outbreak, recently refused to be tested for exposure to the soil-borne fungus that causes the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who were tested at the two Central Valley prisons were four times as likely to have been exposed to the fungus as inmates at other state prisons. However, the high rate of refusals raises questions about the effectiveness of the testing, which cost taxpayers $5.4 million this year, Kelso said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prison system is using the tests to decide which inmates can more safely be housed at the prisons near Fresno. An early round of tests this year forced more than 2,100 inmates to be moved from the two prisons, while more than 3,000 inmates could be moved in to take their place because they are less likely to get the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liz Gransee, a spokeswoman for the receiver, said the office is sending a team to talk to inmate representatives at the two prisons to find out why so many refused, and it plans an education campaign based on the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Andrew Stelzer contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/87049/dirty-cooling-towers-blamed-for-san-quentin-legionnaires-outbreak","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_87049"],"categories":["stateofhealth_11","stateofhealth_13"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_461","stateofhealth_356"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_87051","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_20369":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_20369","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"20369","score":null,"sort":[1406594380000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"cdc-california-inmates-should-be-tested-for-valley-fever-immunity","title":"CDC: California Inmates Should Be Tested for Valley Fever Immunity","publishDate":1406594380,"format":"aside","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12470\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AvenalStatePrison_Buzzbo_Flickr-e1372880137951.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-12470\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AvenalStatePrison_Buzzbo_Flickr-620x413.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial view of Avenal State Prison, near Coalinga in the Central Valley, where inmates have been hit hard by Valley Fever. (Buzzbo/Flickr)\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial view of Avenal State Prison near Coalinga, one of two Central Valley prisons where inmates are at high risk from Valley fever. (Buzzbo/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By April Laissle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal health officials say the state must take steps to reduce the outbreaks of Valley fever at its prisons. Their recommendations come after 30 inmates in California died from the illness since 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fungal infection is caused by spores in the soil and can cause fever, chest pain and swelling. Two Central Valley prisons, Avenal and Pleasant Valley, have had especially high rates of the disease. Last year, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/07/03/state-to-transfer-inmates-from-prisons-plagued-by-valley-fever/\" target=\"_blank\">California officials agreed to transfer high-risk inmates\u003c/a> from the two prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonlaw.com/pdfs/2014CDCValleyFeverReport.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">experts from the Centers for Disease Control suggest\u003c/a> new inmates should be tested for immunity. They say susceptible inmates should not sent to the two Central Valley prisons.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison officials are reviewing the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wherever there are ways to mitigate the risk to individuals, we want to take advantage of that,\" said prison health spokeswoman Joyce Hayhoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC recommends that prisons use skin tests to determine whether inmates have been exposed to Valley fever in the past. If they have been, they are considered at low risk for the infection. CDC researchers predicted that this kind of testing would show that 13 percent of the prison inmate population is immune to valley fever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley is a hotspot for Valley fever because the fungal spores that cause the illness are common in its soil. More than 80 percent of the valley's cases originate in its prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These prisons are a toxic site for many, many people,\" said prisoner rights advocate and director of the Prison Law Office Don Specter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several infected prisoners have filed lawsuits against the state, seeking compensation for their life-long medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The department, in my opinion, has been deliberately indifferent to the serious needs of the prisoners who have contracted these diseases,\" said Specter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison officials are expected to formally respond to the recommendations in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Inmates susceptible to Valley fever should not be sent to the two prisons with high rates of the disease.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1406650993,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":343},"headData":{"title":"CDC: California Inmates Should Be Tested for Valley Fever Immunity | KQED","description":"Inmates susceptible to Valley fever should not be sent to the two prisons with high rates of the disease.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"CDC: California Inmates Should Be Tested for Valley Fever Immunity","datePublished":"2014-07-29T00:39:40.000Z","dateModified":"2014-07-29T16:23:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"20369 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=20369","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/07/28/cdc-california-inmates-should-be-tested-for-valley-fever-immunity/","disqusTitle":"CDC: California Inmates Should Be Tested for Valley Fever Immunity","path":"/stateofhealth/20369/cdc-california-inmates-should-be-tested-for-valley-fever-immunity","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12470\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AvenalStatePrison_Buzzbo_Flickr-e1372880137951.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-12470\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AvenalStatePrison_Buzzbo_Flickr-620x413.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial view of Avenal State Prison, near Coalinga in the Central Valley, where inmates have been hit hard by Valley Fever. (Buzzbo/Flickr)\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial view of Avenal State Prison near Coalinga, one of two Central Valley prisons where inmates are at high risk from Valley fever. (Buzzbo/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By April Laissle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal health officials say the state must take steps to reduce the outbreaks of Valley fever at its prisons. Their recommendations come after 30 inmates in California died from the illness since 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fungal infection is caused by spores in the soil and can cause fever, chest pain and swelling. Two Central Valley prisons, Avenal and Pleasant Valley, have had especially high rates of the disease. Last year, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/07/03/state-to-transfer-inmates-from-prisons-plagued-by-valley-fever/\" target=\"_blank\">California officials agreed to transfer high-risk inmates\u003c/a> from the two prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonlaw.com/pdfs/2014CDCValleyFeverReport.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">experts from the Centers for Disease Control suggest\u003c/a> new inmates should be tested for immunity. They say susceptible inmates should not sent to the two Central Valley prisons.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison officials are reviewing the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wherever there are ways to mitigate the risk to individuals, we want to take advantage of that,\" said prison health spokeswoman Joyce Hayhoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC recommends that prisons use skin tests to determine whether inmates have been exposed to Valley fever in the past. If they have been, they are considered at low risk for the infection. CDC researchers predicted that this kind of testing would show that 13 percent of the prison inmate population is immune to valley fever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley is a hotspot for Valley fever because the fungal spores that cause the illness are common in its soil. More than 80 percent of the valley's cases originate in its prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These prisons are a toxic site for many, many people,\" said prisoner rights advocate and director of the Prison Law Office Don Specter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several infected prisoners have filed lawsuits against the state, seeking compensation for their life-long medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The department, in my opinion, has been deliberately indifferent to the serious needs of the prisoners who have contracted these diseases,\" said Specter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison officials are expected to formally respond to the recommendations in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/20369/cdc-california-inmates-should-be-tested-for-valley-fever-immunity","authors":["8344"],"categories":["stateofhealth_14","stateofhealth_13"],"tags":["stateofhealth_599","stateofhealth_356"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_12470","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_15164":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_15164","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"15164","score":null,"sort":[1380051323000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"federal-health-officials-to-launch-study-of-valley-fever","title":"Federal Health Officials to Launch Study of Valley Fever","publishDate":1380051323,"format":"aside","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-15170\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/81030094-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"A bull kicks up dust on a farm south of Bakersfield. Valley fever spores are carried by the wind in the dry, desert southwest, including California's Central Valley. (David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bull kicks up dust on a farm south of Bakersfield. Valley fever spores are carried by the wind in the dry, desert southwest, including California's Central Valley. (David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Rachel Cook,\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.reportingonhealth.org/valleyfever/story\" target=\"_blank\">Reporting on Health Collaborative\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leaders of the Centers for Disease Control and the National Institutes of Health announced they will launch a clinical trial to get a better understanding of how to treat valley fever. The announcement was made Monday as part of a two-day symposium on valley fever being held in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The randomized control trial will cost millions of dollars and involve roughly 1,000 patients, and it could help determine the best practices for treating the fungal infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will take some time to mount this trial, to plan it, to put it forward,\" said Dr. Francis Collins, director of the NIH. \"But I just want to assure all of you from this part of California that we’re serious about trying to get some of those answers even in the face of difficult budget times,” Collins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's San Joaquin Valley is\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/03/29/valley-fever-cases-skyrocketing-says-cdc/\" target=\"_blank\"> a valley fever hot spot\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’ve seen is a steady increase in the number of diagnosed cases of valley fever, or coccidioidomycosis,” said Dr. Thomas Frieden, director of the CDC. “We don’t know why that’s happened and there’s a lot that we need to learn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symposium participants called the announcement a major development in the fight against valley fever. The news comes after U.S. Rep. Kevin McCarthy, (R-Bakersfield), who spearheaded the symposium, courted the leaders of the CDC and NIH for months about valley fever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial will involve some 1,000 people diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia, the most common presentation of valley fever. Half will be randomly chosen to receive either a traditional antibiotic used to treat bacterial pneumonia or placebo; the other half will be treated with the antibiotic plus fluconazole, an anti-fungal medication frequently used to treat valley fever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patients will be tested immediately and then every two weeks to see if they have valley fever and which treatments prove most effective. Collins said the trial will spread awareness about the disease and educate people about diagnostics and treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all recognize that there’s more that needs to be done. There’s so many unknowns (about valley fever),” Collins said. “We don’t know exactly what the right treatment is for people who become infected with this fungus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Royce Johnson, Kern Medical Center’s chief of infectious disease, called the trial exciting news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a real difference of opinion about who should be treated, when they should be treated and how much they should be treated with,” Johnson said. “It would answer some of those questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the trial was announced to reporters, about 200 people attended a public forum. The gathering brought together people battling the disease, doctors working to developed a vaccine, and past and present politicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a particularly unusual (event) because this is not as common a condition as many of the things that Dr. Frieden and I spend our time worrying about,” Collins said. “But it is a compelling situation because of the rise in (reported cases) and the fact that there’s so many unknowns that could be answers so it seems like the right time to get all of the smart people together and see what we can do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Men, women and one little girl shared their stories of living with valley fever. Many asked specific questions about their own condition and symptoms, telling stories of misdiagnosis and uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darrin Blackmon, Sr., of Buttonwillow brought a plastic bag filled with medications and bills he has accrued while dealing with the disease for one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an honor, it’s a privilege to still be living,” Blackmon said after briefly meeting Frieden. “When I first got it, oh your body (makes) you feel like you (are) dying already.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisa Limbeck of Rosamond has lived with valley fever for five years, and the virus has settled in her brain. She says she's had several brain operations and takes daily antifungal treatments. She copes with chronic pain which she compared to a day-long severe migraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just wanted to hear other stories of people who’ve battled what I’ve gone through and how they’re coping and how they’re living and how it’s changed their world because I know it’s changed mine,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she hoped public health leaders would be open to new ideas for advancing testing and technologies to understand valley fever.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The leaders of the Centers for Disease Control and the National Institutes of Health announced they will launch a clinical trial to get a better understanding of how to treat valley fever, they announced in Bakersfield Monday.\r\n\r\nThe endeavour, announced as part of a two-day valley fever symposium, will cost millions of dollars and involve roughly 1,000 patients. The randomized control trial could help determine the best practices for treating the fungal infection.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1380172478,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":823},"headData":{"title":"Federal Health Officials to Launch Study of Valley Fever | KQED","description":"The leaders of the Centers for Disease Control and the National Institutes of Health announced they will launch a clinical trial to get a better understanding of how to treat valley fever, they announced in Bakersfield Monday.\r\n\r\nThe endeavour, announced as part of a two-day valley fever symposium, will cost millions of dollars and involve roughly 1,000 patients. The randomized control trial could help determine the best practices for treating the fungal infection.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Federal Health Officials to Launch Study of Valley Fever","datePublished":"2013-09-24T19:35:23.000Z","dateModified":"2013-09-26T05:14:38.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"15164 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=15164","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/24/federal-health-officials-to-launch-study-of-valley-fever/","disqusTitle":"Federal Health Officials to Launch Study of Valley Fever","path":"/stateofhealth/15164/federal-health-officials-to-launch-study-of-valley-fever","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-15170\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/81030094-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"A bull kicks up dust on a farm south of Bakersfield. Valley fever spores are carried by the wind in the dry, desert southwest, including California's Central Valley. (David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bull kicks up dust on a farm south of Bakersfield. Valley fever spores are carried by the wind in the dry, desert southwest, including California's Central Valley. (David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Rachel Cook,\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.reportingonhealth.org/valleyfever/story\" target=\"_blank\">Reporting on Health Collaborative\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leaders of the Centers for Disease Control and the National Institutes of Health announced they will launch a clinical trial to get a better understanding of how to treat valley fever. The announcement was made Monday as part of a two-day symposium on valley fever being held in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The randomized control trial will cost millions of dollars and involve roughly 1,000 patients, and it could help determine the best practices for treating the fungal infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will take some time to mount this trial, to plan it, to put it forward,\" said Dr. Francis Collins, director of the NIH. \"But I just want to assure all of you from this part of California that we’re serious about trying to get some of those answers even in the face of difficult budget times,” Collins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's San Joaquin Valley is\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/03/29/valley-fever-cases-skyrocketing-says-cdc/\" target=\"_blank\"> a valley fever hot spot\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’ve seen is a steady increase in the number of diagnosed cases of valley fever, or coccidioidomycosis,” said Dr. Thomas Frieden, director of the CDC. “We don’t know why that’s happened and there’s a lot that we need to learn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symposium participants called the announcement a major development in the fight against valley fever. The news comes after U.S. Rep. Kevin McCarthy, (R-Bakersfield), who spearheaded the symposium, courted the leaders of the CDC and NIH for months about valley fever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial will involve some 1,000 people diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia, the most common presentation of valley fever. Half will be randomly chosen to receive either a traditional antibiotic used to treat bacterial pneumonia or placebo; the other half will be treated with the antibiotic plus fluconazole, an anti-fungal medication frequently used to treat valley fever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patients will be tested immediately and then every two weeks to see if they have valley fever and which treatments prove most effective. Collins said the trial will spread awareness about the disease and educate people about diagnostics and treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all recognize that there’s more that needs to be done. There’s so many unknowns (about valley fever),” Collins said. “We don’t know exactly what the right treatment is for people who become infected with this fungus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Royce Johnson, Kern Medical Center’s chief of infectious disease, called the trial exciting news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a real difference of opinion about who should be treated, when they should be treated and how much they should be treated with,” Johnson said. “It would answer some of those questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the trial was announced to reporters, about 200 people attended a public forum. The gathering brought together people battling the disease, doctors working to developed a vaccine, and past and present politicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a particularly unusual (event) because this is not as common a condition as many of the things that Dr. Frieden and I spend our time worrying about,” Collins said. “But it is a compelling situation because of the rise in (reported cases) and the fact that there’s so many unknowns that could be answers so it seems like the right time to get all of the smart people together and see what we can do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Men, women and one little girl shared their stories of living with valley fever. Many asked specific questions about their own condition and symptoms, telling stories of misdiagnosis and uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darrin Blackmon, Sr., of Buttonwillow brought a plastic bag filled with medications and bills he has accrued while dealing with the disease for one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an honor, it’s a privilege to still be living,” Blackmon said after briefly meeting Frieden. “When I first got it, oh your body (makes) you feel like you (are) dying already.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisa Limbeck of Rosamond has lived with valley fever for five years, and the virus has settled in her brain. She says she's had several brain operations and takes daily antifungal treatments. She copes with chronic pain which she compared to a day-long severe migraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just wanted to hear other stories of people who’ve battled what I’ve gone through and how they’re coping and how they’re living and how it’s changed their world because I know it’s changed mine,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she hoped public health leaders would be open to new ideas for advancing testing and technologies to understand valley fever.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/15164/federal-health-officials-to-launch-study-of-valley-fever","authors":["240"],"categories":["stateofhealth_11","stateofhealth_13"],"tags":["stateofhealth_461","stateofhealth_356"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_15170","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_14955":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_14955","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"14955","score":null,"sort":[1379003199000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"valley-fever-hospitalizations-increase-dramatically-in-california-cd","title":"Valley Fever Hospitalizations Increase Dramatically in California","publishDate":1379003199,"format":"aside","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14958\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/85475461-e1379002502902.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-14958\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/85475461-640x431.jpg\" alt=\"Fungal spores that cause valley fever are carried in the dust. Activities including farming in the Central Valley contribute to the spread of the spores. (Robin Beck/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"431\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fungal spores that cause valley fever are carried in the dust. Activities including farming in the Central Valley contribute to the spread of the spores. (Robin Beck/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Robin Beck/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">(AP) - \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The annual rate of hospitalizations for valley fever, a potentially lethal but often misdiagnosed disease, has doubled over the past 12 years in California, according to a study published on Wednesday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">California's rates of reported fever cases increased by more than six-fold over the past decade. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The fever — which is caused by a fungus found in soil and can be contracted by simply breathing in the spores from dust disturbed by wind or other activity — has cost more than $2 billion in hospital charges over about a decade, the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The study, conducted by researchers at the California Department of Public Health, was published in the October 2013 issue of Emerging Infectious Diseases, CDC's monthly peer-reviewed public health journal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Valley fever is prevalent in arid regions of the U.S., especially in California and Arizona, as well as in Mexico, Central and South America. It is not spread person-to-person.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">While in most cases the fever results in no symptoms, in about 40 percent of the cases it causes mild to severe flu-like symptoms or more serious infections. In some cases, it can spread to the brain, bones, skin, even eyes, leading to blindness, skin abscesses, lung failure, even death.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">People who show symptoms of the disease can require expensive treatments, prolonged absence from work or school, multiple hospitalizations, and years of monitoring.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">California's rates of reported fever cases increased by more than six-fold over the past decade. Fever cases rose from about 700 in 1998 to more than 5,500 cases reported in 2011, according to the CDC.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>[Related:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/13/valley-fever-cases-soar-in-west-yet-off-the-radar-of-east-coast-policymakers/\" target=\"_blank\">Valley Fever Cases Soar in West, Yet Off Radar of East Coast Policymakers\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">A warming climate, drought and changing rainfall patterns are factors that have led to the steep increase invalley fever, researchers say. Improved reporting methods and better diagnosis also partially explain the increase.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">In California, the fever is endemic in the San Joaquin Valley, including Fresno, Kings, Kern, Madera, San Luis Obispo, and Tulare counties.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">From 2000 to 2011, there were 25,217 valley fever-associated hospitalizations in the state; hospitalizations increased from 1,074 in 2000 to 3,197 in 2011.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">A total of 1,220 patients hospitalized for valley fever — 8 percent of the total number hospitalized — died during the initial or subsequent hospitalization.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">About half of the patients initially hospitalized for the fever in California resided in the endemic San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Those most at risk for hospitalization were men, African Americans and Hispanics, and older people, the study found.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">A third of those initially hospitalized had other health conditions that could increase the fever's severity, including diabetes, HIV or AIDS, and pregnancy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">About 9 percent of the initially hospitalized valley fever patients were admitted from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/07/03/state-to-transfer-inmates-from-prisons-plagued-by-valley-fever/\" target=\"_blank\">a prison or jail\u003c/a>. Earlier this year, a federal health official ordered the transfer of more than 3,000 exceptionally vulnerable inmates from two San Joaquin Valley prisons where several dozen have died of the disease in recent years.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Researchers say the best way to minimize long-term illnesses and deaths is early diagnosis, close follow-up of patients and appropriate treatment of those at risk for severe disease. Thus, increasing awareness and early recognition of the disease among health care providers and the public is key.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The annual rate of hospitalizations for valley fever, a potentially lethal but often misdiagnosed disease, has doubled over the past 12 years in California, according to a study published on Wednesday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1379108280,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":630},"headData":{"title":"Valley Fever Hospitalizations Increase Dramatically in California | KQED","description":"The annual rate of hospitalizations for valley fever, a potentially lethal but often misdiagnosed disease, has doubled over the past 12 years in California, according to a study published on Wednesday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Valley Fever Hospitalizations Increase Dramatically in California","datePublished":"2013-09-12T16:26:39.000Z","dateModified":"2013-09-13T21:38:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"14955 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=14955","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/12/valley-fever-hospitalizations-increase-dramatically-in-california-cd/","disqusTitle":"Valley Fever Hospitalizations Increase Dramatically in California","WpOldSlug":"valley-fever-hospitalizations-increase-dramatically-in-california","path":"/stateofhealth/14955/valley-fever-hospitalizations-increase-dramatically-in-california-cd","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14958\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/85475461-e1379002502902.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-14958\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/85475461-640x431.jpg\" alt=\"Fungal spores that cause valley fever are carried in the dust. Activities including farming in the Central Valley contribute to the spread of the spores. (Robin Beck/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"431\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fungal spores that cause valley fever are carried in the dust. Activities including farming in the Central Valley contribute to the spread of the spores. (Robin Beck/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Robin Beck/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">(AP) - \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The annual rate of hospitalizations for valley fever, a potentially lethal but often misdiagnosed disease, has doubled over the past 12 years in California, according to a study published on Wednesday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">California's rates of reported fever cases increased by more than six-fold over the past decade. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The fever — which is caused by a fungus found in soil and can be contracted by simply breathing in the spores from dust disturbed by wind or other activity — has cost more than $2 billion in hospital charges over about a decade, the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The study, conducted by researchers at the California Department of Public Health, was published in the October 2013 issue of Emerging Infectious Diseases, CDC's monthly peer-reviewed public health journal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Valley fever is prevalent in arid regions of the U.S., especially in California and Arizona, as well as in Mexico, Central and South America. It is not spread person-to-person.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">While in most cases the fever results in no symptoms, in about 40 percent of the cases it causes mild to severe flu-like symptoms or more serious infections. In some cases, it can spread to the brain, bones, skin, even eyes, leading to blindness, skin abscesses, lung failure, even death.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">People who show symptoms of the disease can require expensive treatments, prolonged absence from work or school, multiple hospitalizations, and years of monitoring.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">California's rates of reported fever cases increased by more than six-fold over the past decade. Fever cases rose from about 700 in 1998 to more than 5,500 cases reported in 2011, according to the CDC.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>[Related:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/13/valley-fever-cases-soar-in-west-yet-off-the-radar-of-east-coast-policymakers/\" target=\"_blank\">Valley Fever Cases Soar in West, Yet Off Radar of East Coast Policymakers\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">A warming climate, drought and changing rainfall patterns are factors that have led to the steep increase invalley fever, researchers say. Improved reporting methods and better diagnosis also partially explain the increase.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">In California, the fever is endemic in the San Joaquin Valley, including Fresno, Kings, Kern, Madera, San Luis Obispo, and Tulare counties.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">From 2000 to 2011, there were 25,217 valley fever-associated hospitalizations in the state; hospitalizations increased from 1,074 in 2000 to 3,197 in 2011.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">A total of 1,220 patients hospitalized for valley fever — 8 percent of the total number hospitalized — died during the initial or subsequent hospitalization.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">About half of the patients initially hospitalized for the fever in California resided in the endemic San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Those most at risk for hospitalization were men, African Americans and Hispanics, and older people, the study found.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">A third of those initially hospitalized had other health conditions that could increase the fever's severity, including diabetes, HIV or AIDS, and pregnancy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">About 9 percent of the initially hospitalized valley fever patients were admitted from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/07/03/state-to-transfer-inmates-from-prisons-plagued-by-valley-fever/\" target=\"_blank\">a prison or jail\u003c/a>. Earlier this year, a federal health official ordered the transfer of more than 3,000 exceptionally vulnerable inmates from two San Joaquin Valley prisons where several dozen have died of the disease in recent years.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Researchers say the best way to minimize long-term illnesses and deaths is early diagnosis, close follow-up of patients and appropriate treatment of those at risk for severe disease. Thus, increasing awareness and early recognition of the disease among health care providers and the public is key.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/14955/valley-fever-hospitalizations-increase-dramatically-in-california-cd","authors":["237"],"categories":["stateofhealth_11"],"tags":["stateofhealth_461","stateofhealth_356"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_14977","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_13483":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_13483","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"13483","score":null,"sort":[1372880485000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"state-to-transfer-inmates-from-prisons-plagued-by-valley-fever","title":"State to Transfer Inmates from Prisons Plagued by Valley Fever","publishDate":1372880485,"format":"aside","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Julie Small, KPCC\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12470\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-12470\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AvenalStatePrison_Buzzbo_Flickr-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial view of Avenal State Prison, near Coalinga in the Central Valley, where inmates have been hit hard by Valley Fever. (Buzzbo/Flickr)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial view of Avenal State Prison, near Coalinga in the Central Valley, where inmates have been hit hard by Valley Fever. (Buzzbo/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two Central Valley prisons are plagued with Valley Fever, and now California officials have agreed to transfer thousands of inmates. The action comes a week after a federal court moved to enforce a new prison medical policy. That policy bars the state from housing inmates who are susceptible to the fungal disease in the prisons where Valley Fever is most prevalent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyce Hayhoe, a spokeswoman for the federal receiver in charge of prison medical care, says Pleasant Valley and Avenal State prisons in the Central Valley are the prison system’s hotspots. “The overwhelming majority of cases of people coming down with Valley Fever originate from those two facilities,\" Hayhoe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighteen inmates have died from Valley Fever in the last many months, and hundreds more have suffered from its flu-like symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year the federal receiver directed the state to transfer more than 2,500 inmates at the two prisons who are known to be susceptible to the disease. Those susceptible include medically high-risk inmates, such as people undergoing chemotherapy, and all African-American and Filipino prisoners. “The whole point of our directive was to prevent serious illness and death,” Hayhoe said.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The receiver issued his directive in April, a few months after court experts concluded in a report that prison officials’ efforts to control the spread of Valley Fever by treating the soil on prison grounds had failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it took a federal court order in June to get California’s Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to comply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This move come against the backdrop of a second federal court order to reduce the prison population by 10,000 inmates by the end of the year. As part of that effort, the Corrections Department is preparing to begin transfers of 1,700 acutely ill inmates to a new prison medical facility that has just opened in Stockton. At the opening ceremony last week, Corrections Secretary Jeff Beard said having to orchestrate thousands more transfers at the same time, “makes the situation extremely complex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beard said the receiver’s medical directive forces him to shift thousands of inmates into other facilities that don’t necessarily have room. Beard emphasized a need to be \"careful and thoughtful\" about next steps \"because the last thing we want to do is to destabilize other institutions and then cause other problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department has already transferred 560 of the highest risk inmates from Avenal and Pleasant Valley prisons since Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beard said it would be more prudent to wait to hear from experts at the federal Centers for Disease Control who toured the facilities a month ago -- before moving thousands more inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valley Fever is a fungal infection also called Coccidioidomycosis that can cause flu-like symptoms. It is not contagious. People contract it by inhaling airborne spores dislodged from the soil. California’s Central Valley has the highest rates of the disease in the state while the rate inside Pleasant Valley and Avenal prisons is even higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/03/29/valley-fever-cases-skyrocketing-says-cdc/\" target=\"_blank\">a CDC report in March\u003c/a>, Valley Fever cases are skyrocketing. Between 1998 and 2011 more than 110,000 cases were reported and about a third of those cases were in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California prisons officials have been grappling with Valley Fever since 2006. That's when California’s Department of Health Care Services found that inmates with compromised immune systems were especially vulnerable. They also found that certain racial groups are more susceptible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corrections Department had previously restricted inmates who suffer from severe HIV infections from the two prisons and barred inmates with chronic lung diseases that require the use of oxygen tanks.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California officials agreed to transfer thousands of inmates from two Central Valley prisons plagued with Valley Fever. The move comes a week after a federal court moved to enforce a new prison medical policy that bars the state from housing inmates who are susceptible to the fungal disease in the prisons where it’s most prevalent.\r\n\r\nJoyce Hayhoe, a spokeswoman for the federal receiver in charge of prison medical care says Pleasant Valley and Avenal State prisons in the Central Valley are the prisons system’s hotspots:","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1372954150,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":649},"headData":{"title":"State to Transfer Inmates from Prisons Plagued by Valley Fever | KQED","description":"California officials agreed to transfer thousands of inmates from two Central Valley prisons plagued with Valley Fever. The move comes a week after a federal court moved to enforce a new prison medical policy that bars the state from housing inmates who are susceptible to the fungal disease in the prisons where it’s most prevalent.\r\n\r\nJoyce Hayhoe, a spokeswoman for the federal receiver in charge of prison medical care says Pleasant Valley and Avenal State prisons in the Central Valley are the prisons system’s hotspots:","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"State to Transfer Inmates from Prisons Plagued by Valley Fever","datePublished":"2013-07-03T19:41:25.000Z","dateModified":"2013-07-04T16:09:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"13483 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=13483","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/07/03/state-to-transfer-inmates-from-prisons-plagued-by-valley-fever/","disqusTitle":"State to Transfer Inmates from Prisons Plagued by Valley Fever","path":"/stateofhealth/13483/state-to-transfer-inmates-from-prisons-plagued-by-valley-fever","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Julie Small, KPCC\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12470\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-12470\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/AvenalStatePrison_Buzzbo_Flickr-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Aerial view of Avenal State Prison, near Coalinga in the Central Valley, where inmates have been hit hard by Valley Fever. (Buzzbo/Flickr)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial view of Avenal State Prison, near Coalinga in the Central Valley, where inmates have been hit hard by Valley Fever. (Buzzbo/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two Central Valley prisons are plagued with Valley Fever, and now California officials have agreed to transfer thousands of inmates. The action comes a week after a federal court moved to enforce a new prison medical policy. That policy bars the state from housing inmates who are susceptible to the fungal disease in the prisons where Valley Fever is most prevalent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyce Hayhoe, a spokeswoman for the federal receiver in charge of prison medical care, says Pleasant Valley and Avenal State prisons in the Central Valley are the prison system’s hotspots. “The overwhelming majority of cases of people coming down with Valley Fever originate from those two facilities,\" Hayhoe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighteen inmates have died from Valley Fever in the last many months, and hundreds more have suffered from its flu-like symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year the federal receiver directed the state to transfer more than 2,500 inmates at the two prisons who are known to be susceptible to the disease. Those susceptible include medically high-risk inmates, such as people undergoing chemotherapy, and all African-American and Filipino prisoners. “The whole point of our directive was to prevent serious illness and death,” Hayhoe said.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The receiver issued his directive in April, a few months after court experts concluded in a report that prison officials’ efforts to control the spread of Valley Fever by treating the soil on prison grounds had failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it took a federal court order in June to get California’s Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to comply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This move come against the backdrop of a second federal court order to reduce the prison population by 10,000 inmates by the end of the year. As part of that effort, the Corrections Department is preparing to begin transfers of 1,700 acutely ill inmates to a new prison medical facility that has just opened in Stockton. At the opening ceremony last week, Corrections Secretary Jeff Beard said having to orchestrate thousands more transfers at the same time, “makes the situation extremely complex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beard said the receiver’s medical directive forces him to shift thousands of inmates into other facilities that don’t necessarily have room. Beard emphasized a need to be \"careful and thoughtful\" about next steps \"because the last thing we want to do is to destabilize other institutions and then cause other problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department has already transferred 560 of the highest risk inmates from Avenal and Pleasant Valley prisons since Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beard said it would be more prudent to wait to hear from experts at the federal Centers for Disease Control who toured the facilities a month ago -- before moving thousands more inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valley Fever is a fungal infection also called Coccidioidomycosis that can cause flu-like symptoms. It is not contagious. People contract it by inhaling airborne spores dislodged from the soil. California’s Central Valley has the highest rates of the disease in the state while the rate inside Pleasant Valley and Avenal prisons is even higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/03/29/valley-fever-cases-skyrocketing-says-cdc/\" target=\"_blank\">a CDC report in March\u003c/a>, Valley Fever cases are skyrocketing. Between 1998 and 2011 more than 110,000 cases were reported and about a third of those cases were in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California prisons officials have been grappling with Valley Fever since 2006. That's when California’s Department of Health Care Services found that inmates with compromised immune systems were especially vulnerable. They also found that certain racial groups are more susceptible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corrections Department had previously restricted inmates who suffer from severe HIV infections from the two prisons and barred inmates with chronic lung diseases that require the use of oxygen tanks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/13483/state-to-transfer-inmates-from-prisons-plagued-by-valley-fever","authors":["8344"],"categories":["stateofhealth_14"],"tags":["stateofhealth_356"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_12470","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_12673":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_12673","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"12673","score":null,"sort":[1368459654000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"valley-fever-cases-soar-in-west-yet-off-the-radar-of-east-coast-policymakers","title":"Valley Fever Cases Soar in West, Yet 'Off The Radar' of East Coast Policymakers","publishDate":1368459654,"format":"aside","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/people/rebecca-plevin\" target=\"_blank\">Rebecca Plevin\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/05/13/181880987/cases-of-mysterious-valley-fever-rise-in-american-southwest\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12696\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 462px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-12696\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Emily-.jpg\" alt=\"(Daniel Casarez/Vida en el Valle/Reporting on Health Collaborative)\" width=\"462\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Emily-.jpg 462w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Emily--400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Emily--320x240.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Daniel Casarez/Vida en el Valle/Reporting on Health Collaborative)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When she was just 6, Emily Gorospe became very tired and sick. The spunky girl, now 8, developed a fever that wouldn't go away, and red blotches appeared across her body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She's got so much energy usually,\" says Emily's mother, Valerie Gorospe. \"Just walking from one part of the house ... she was drained.\" The little girl was also very pale. \"She just didn't look like herself,\" Valerie recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emily, who lives in the Central Valley town of Delano, was eventually diagnosed with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/coccidioidomycosis/\">valley fever\u003c/a>, also known as coccidioidomycosis. She's one of an estimated 150,000 people nationwide who get the fungal disease every year. There is no cure and no vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Valley fever has afflicted about four times more people than West Nile virus, with thousands more going undiagnosed.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Valley fever is well known in the Central Valley and other areas of California and Arizona. Tiny fungal spores live in the soil throughout much of this arid region. When the spores are disturbed, they can be inhaled into the lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.childrenscentralcal.org/OurDoctors/Pages/jmccarty.aspx\">James McCarty\u003c/a>, the medical director of infectious diseases at Children's Hospital Central California, says most people feel nothing, or experience symptoms similar to the flu. Common symptoms include fever, night sweats, weight loss, chest pain, cough and sometimes skin rashes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valley fever can be a very serious disease for some people, McCarty says. It can spread from the lungs to other parts of the body, like the central nervous system, bones or skin. It can be life-altering or even fatal.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"About five out of 100 patients will develop pneumonia,\" McCarty said. \"Then in about one out of 100 patients, valley fever will spread outside of the lungs and go to other parts of the body.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Valley fever cases up nearly 900 percent\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, valley fever numbers have soared so high that some health officials are calling it an epidemic. The disease has become \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=179895982\">a huge problem\u003c/a> in California's prisons. The state is being ordered to move inmates at high-risk of contracting the illness from two prisons where the fungus is rampant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says the total number of valley fever cases nationwide \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/03/29/valley-fever-cases-skyrocketing-says-cdc/\" target=\"_blank\">rose by nearly 900 percent\u003c/a> from 1998 to 2011. Researchers don't have a good explanation for the dramatic increase. Even when accounting for growing populations throughout the Southwest, the numbers are still staggering.\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What's really interesting ... is that the number of cases — the incidence of these cases — increased steadily throughout this time period, and really accelerated over the last few years,\" says Benjamin Park, a medical officer at the CDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relatively little is known about valley fever. No one knows how much exposure to the fungus it takes to contract the illness, or why some people die and others never know they have spores in their lungs. It's also unclear why the illness seems to strike African-Americans and Filipinos harder than the rest of the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers do know this: People who work outside — like workers in construction and on farms — are at higher risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificcoastvineyards.com/about-us/\">Todd Schaefer\u003c/a>, a winemaker in Paso Robles, was running a bulldozer in his vineyard about 10 years ago. A few days later, he became very sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors said he had an ordinary form of pneumonia, and recommended that he go home and eat chicken soup. It took them a month to realize he had valley fever, and to start him on anti-fungal medication. By that time, the fungal infection had spread to his central nervous system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think if they had caught it early, it would not have been allowed to disseminate through my body and set up shop in my brain and spinal cord,\" Schaefer says. \"That's the killer right there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaefer is 48; he'll take anti-fungal medication for the rest of his life. The medication has horrible side effects. One of the worst ones, for a winemaker, is that Schaefer can't drink his own wine while on the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drugs are keeping him alive, he says, but not necessarily healthy. The disease saps his energy and prevents him from working more than four or five hours a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an anti-fungal poison,\" he says. \"It doesn't kill it. It just keeps it down to a low roar.\"\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarty says if the disease is caught early, physicians have a better chance of keeping it at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do see patients in whom there's been a delay in diagnosis, and we believe this leads to more complicated and difficult-to-treat disease,\" McCarty says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say most cases are misdiagnosed or missed entirely. That's in part because of a lack of training and attention in the medical community, and because the symptoms are so varied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>East-coast bias among researchers, policymakers an issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem is a lack of research and attention from policymakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Diseases that receive a lot of national attention tend to be diseases that occur in the East, and where they read about it in the [newspapers],\" says Dr. \u003ca href=\"http://www.epibiostat.ucsf.edu/epidem/personnel/grutherford2.html\">George Rutherford\u003c/a> of the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \"diseases that don't exist in that belt really fall off the radar screen,\" he says, \"and, unfortunately, valley fever is one of those diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diseases that don't have a high profile also struggle for funding. Consider this: In the past 12 years, the National Institutes of Health has granted valley fever just 4 percent of the research funding it has directed toward \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/08/02/157832358/west-nile-virus-makes-a-comeback-this-summer\">West Nile virus\u003c/a>. But valley fever has afflicted about four times more people than West Nile, with thousands more going undiagnosed. Valley fever has killed many more people, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since he contracted valley fever 10 years ago, Schaefer, the Paso Robles winemaker, has continued making award-winning pinot noirs. But even as his boutique winery prospers, his health is faltering. He's losing his memory, and the doctor expects he will suffer strokes and seizures in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This disease is ... not a fairytale,\" he says. \"It's an absolute nightmare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the search for better treatments and, eventually, a vaccine continues, people throughout the Southwest United States will suffer from valley fever.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"When she was just 6, Emily Gorospe became very tired and sick. The spunky girl, now 8, developed a fever that wouldn't go away, and red blotches appeared across her body.\r\n\r\n\"She's got so much energy usually,\" says Emily's mother, Valerie Gorospe. \"Just walking from one part of the house ... she was drained.\" The little girl was also very pale. \"She just didn't look like herself,\" Valerie recalls.\r\n\r\nEmily, who lives in Delano, in California's Central Valley, was eventually diagnosed withvalley fever, also known as coccidioidomycosis. She's one of an estimated 150,000 people nationwide who get the fungal disease every year. There is no cure and no vaccine.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1368655659,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1067},"headData":{"title":"Valley Fever Cases Soar in West, Yet 'Off The Radar' of East Coast Policymakers | KQED","description":"When she was just 6, Emily Gorospe became very tired and sick. The spunky girl, now 8, developed a fever that wouldn't go away, and red blotches appeared across her body.\r\n\r\n"She's got so much energy usually," says Emily's mother, Valerie Gorospe. "Just walking from one part of the house ... she was drained." The little girl was also very pale. "She just didn't look like herself," Valerie recalls.\r\n\r\nEmily, who lives in Delano, in California's Central Valley, was eventually diagnosed withvalley fever, also known as coccidioidomycosis. She's one of an estimated 150,000 people nationwide who get the fungal disease every year. There is no cure and no vaccine.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Valley Fever Cases Soar in West, Yet 'Off The Radar' of East Coast Policymakers","datePublished":"2013-05-13T15:40:54.000Z","dateModified":"2013-05-15T22:07:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"12673 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=12673","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/13/valley-fever-cases-soar-in-west-yet-off-the-radar-of-east-coast-policymakers/","disqusTitle":"Valley Fever Cases Soar in West, Yet 'Off The Radar' of East Coast Policymakers","WpOldSlug":"valley-fever-cases-skyrocket-in-west-yet-off-the-radar-of-east-coast-policymakers","path":"/stateofhealth/12673/valley-fever-cases-soar-in-west-yet-off-the-radar-of-east-coast-policymakers","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/people/rebecca-plevin\" target=\"_blank\">Rebecca Plevin\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/05/13/181880987/cases-of-mysterious-valley-fever-rise-in-american-southwest\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12696\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 462px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-12696\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Emily-.jpg\" alt=\"(Daniel Casarez/Vida en el Valle/Reporting on Health Collaborative)\" width=\"462\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Emily-.jpg 462w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Emily--400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/05/Emily--320x240.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 462px) 100vw, 462px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Daniel Casarez/Vida en el Valle/Reporting on Health Collaborative)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When she was just 6, Emily Gorospe became very tired and sick. The spunky girl, now 8, developed a fever that wouldn't go away, and red blotches appeared across her body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She's got so much energy usually,\" says Emily's mother, Valerie Gorospe. \"Just walking from one part of the house ... she was drained.\" The little girl was also very pale. \"She just didn't look like herself,\" Valerie recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emily, who lives in the Central Valley town of Delano, was eventually diagnosed with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/coccidioidomycosis/\">valley fever\u003c/a>, also known as coccidioidomycosis. She's one of an estimated 150,000 people nationwide who get the fungal disease every year. There is no cure and no vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Valley fever has afflicted about four times more people than West Nile virus, with thousands more going undiagnosed.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Valley fever is well known in the Central Valley and other areas of California and Arizona. Tiny fungal spores live in the soil throughout much of this arid region. When the spores are disturbed, they can be inhaled into the lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.childrenscentralcal.org/OurDoctors/Pages/jmccarty.aspx\">James McCarty\u003c/a>, the medical director of infectious diseases at Children's Hospital Central California, says most people feel nothing, or experience symptoms similar to the flu. Common symptoms include fever, night sweats, weight loss, chest pain, cough and sometimes skin rashes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valley fever can be a very serious disease for some people, McCarty says. It can spread from the lungs to other parts of the body, like the central nervous system, bones or skin. It can be life-altering or even fatal.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"About five out of 100 patients will develop pneumonia,\" McCarty said. \"Then in about one out of 100 patients, valley fever will spread outside of the lungs and go to other parts of the body.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Valley fever cases up nearly 900 percent\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, valley fever numbers have soared so high that some health officials are calling it an epidemic. The disease has become \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=179895982\">a huge problem\u003c/a> in California's prisons. The state is being ordered to move inmates at high-risk of contracting the illness from two prisons where the fungus is rampant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says the total number of valley fever cases nationwide \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/03/29/valley-fever-cases-skyrocketing-says-cdc/\" target=\"_blank\">rose by nearly 900 percent\u003c/a> from 1998 to 2011. Researchers don't have a good explanation for the dramatic increase. Even when accounting for growing populations throughout the Southwest, the numbers are still staggering.\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What's really interesting ... is that the number of cases — the incidence of these cases — increased steadily throughout this time period, and really accelerated over the last few years,\" says Benjamin Park, a medical officer at the CDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relatively little is known about valley fever. No one knows how much exposure to the fungus it takes to contract the illness, or why some people die and others never know they have spores in their lungs. It's also unclear why the illness seems to strike African-Americans and Filipinos harder than the rest of the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers do know this: People who work outside — like workers in construction and on farms — are at higher risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificcoastvineyards.com/about-us/\">Todd Schaefer\u003c/a>, a winemaker in Paso Robles, was running a bulldozer in his vineyard about 10 years ago. A few days later, he became very sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors said he had an ordinary form of pneumonia, and recommended that he go home and eat chicken soup. It took them a month to realize he had valley fever, and to start him on anti-fungal medication. By that time, the fungal infection had spread to his central nervous system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think if they had caught it early, it would not have been allowed to disseminate through my body and set up shop in my brain and spinal cord,\" Schaefer says. \"That's the killer right there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaefer is 48; he'll take anti-fungal medication for the rest of his life. The medication has horrible side effects. One of the worst ones, for a winemaker, is that Schaefer can't drink his own wine while on the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drugs are keeping him alive, he says, but not necessarily healthy. The disease saps his energy and prevents him from working more than four or five hours a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an anti-fungal poison,\" he says. \"It doesn't kill it. It just keeps it down to a low roar.\"\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarty says if the disease is caught early, physicians have a better chance of keeping it at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do see patients in whom there's been a delay in diagnosis, and we believe this leads to more complicated and difficult-to-treat disease,\" McCarty says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say most cases are misdiagnosed or missed entirely. That's in part because of a lack of training and attention in the medical community, and because the symptoms are so varied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>East-coast bias among researchers, policymakers an issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem is a lack of research and attention from policymakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Diseases that receive a lot of national attention tend to be diseases that occur in the East, and where they read about it in the [newspapers],\" says Dr. \u003ca href=\"http://www.epibiostat.ucsf.edu/epidem/personnel/grutherford2.html\">George Rutherford\u003c/a> of the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \"diseases that don't exist in that belt really fall off the radar screen,\" he says, \"and, unfortunately, valley fever is one of those diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diseases that don't have a high profile also struggle for funding. Consider this: In the past 12 years, the National Institutes of Health has granted valley fever just 4 percent of the research funding it has directed toward \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/08/02/157832358/west-nile-virus-makes-a-comeback-this-summer\">West Nile virus\u003c/a>. But valley fever has afflicted about four times more people than West Nile, with thousands more going undiagnosed. Valley fever has killed many more people, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since he contracted valley fever 10 years ago, Schaefer, the Paso Robles winemaker, has continued making award-winning pinot noirs. But even as his boutique winery prospers, his health is faltering. He's losing his memory, and the doctor expects he will suffer strokes and seizures in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This disease is ... not a fairytale,\" he says. \"It's an absolute nightmare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the search for better treatments and, eventually, a vaccine continues, people throughout the Southwest United States will suffer from valley fever.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/12673/valley-fever-cases-soar-in-west-yet-off-the-radar-of-east-coast-policymakers","authors":["8344"],"categories":["stateofhealth_14"],"tags":["stateofhealth_461","stateofhealth_356"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_12696","label":"stateofhealth"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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