Going For $1 An Ounce: The Burgeoning Trade In Mothers’ Milk
Nurses Say Stress Interferes With Caring For Their Patients
California’s Pressing Need for Latino and Black Nurses
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Her son, a young toddler, had recently graduated to solid food, but her freezer at home was still packed with pumped milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know what to do with it,” a harried-looking Soltes told two young staffers from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mothersmilk.org\">Mothers’ Milk Bank\u003c/a>, a nonprofit group in San Jose, Calif., that provides breast milk for fragile infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasing numbers of women who produce more breast milk than they need are handing it over — or selling it — for others to use. It’s a boon to fragile infants and mothers who can’t produce enough milk, but it also poses challenging ethical and public health questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"side-by-side\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"alignleft wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cimg width=\"770\" height=\"513\" src=\"https://kaiserhealthnews.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/breast-milk-9_770.jpg?w=770&h=513&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-khn-article-large size-khn-article-large\" alt=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">A breast milk fair, where the milk is collected for fragile infants in neonatal intensive care units, was held in Palm Springs, Calif., in August 2016. (Heidi de Marco/California KHN)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"alignright wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cimg width=\"770\" height=\"513\" src=\"https://kaiserhealthnews.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/breast-milk-8_770.jpg?w=770&h=513&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-khn-article-large size-khn-article-large\" alt=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christina Beltran, who recently had a baby, signs up to receive more information at the Palm Springs breast milk donation fair. (Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--side-by-side-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians, regulators and others ask: Should sickly, premature babies get access to this milk before healthy ones? Should women be paid for their milk — even if it might lead some to deprive their own infants? Should greater safeguards be required to ensure the safety of the supply?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/scienceresearch/specialtopics/pediatrictherapeuticsresearch/ucm235203.htm\">Food and Drug Administration\u003c/a> does not require testing for donated human milk. A handful of states, including California and New York, regulate milk banks the way they do tissue banks, enforcing some safety standards, and many nonprofit milk banks screen donors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the FDA has expressed concern about milk-trading websites, \u003ca href=\"http://www.aappublications.org/content/32/2/6.1\">warning consumers\u003c/a> that the milk offered there carries an increased risk of contamination by drugs or disease, including HIV. The agency further urges mothers not to feed their infants donated milk acquired from other individuals or over the internet, also because of such safety risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies and medical experts wonder if even established milk banks — whose voluntary screening practices the FDA praised in 2010 — should be doing more to ensure safety. Dr. Jae Hong Kim, a neonatologist at UC-San Diego, said milk banks’ safety efforts have worked well thus far but are not error-free. “The challenge is, if you expand the operations, you increase your risk exposure,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Elster, CEO of Prolacta Bioscience, a company that uses human milk to make fortifier products in its pharmaceutical-grade manufacturing facility, said he advocates a more rigorous level of screening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe that all human milk, whether it is distributed commercially, by a nonprofit or peer-to-peer network, should be tested for drugs of abuse, nicotine and other adulterants,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milk Magic\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as the early 1970s, barely a fifth of American babies were breast-fed. Today, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/pdf/2016breastfeedingreportcard.pdf\">more than 80%\u003c/a> get at least a taste of their mother’s milk, according to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The health advantages are well-established, especially for premature infants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first class I had on human milk I was blown away,” said Maryanne Perrin, a nutrition scientist at the University of North Carolina-Greensboro. “It’s Harry Potter meets Willy Wonka. It’s a magical food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> The Food and Drug Administration does not require testing for donated human milk. A handful of states, including California and New York, regulate milk banks as they do tissue banks. (Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some breast-feeding enthusiasts refer to human milk as “liquid gold.” At times, it seems as though everyone wants the stuff — from nonprofits like Mothers’ Milk Bank, to high-tech pharmaceutical companies that concentrate it into premium medical products, to your neighbor who might just want a bit more to supplement her baby’s diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year, new human milk banks open and new milk-focused companies are launched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows exactly how much of this excess milk is donated or sold, but the volume is increasing. Pauline Sakamoto, executive director of the Mothers’ Milk Bank and former president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hmbana.org\">Human Milk Banking Association of North America\u003c/a>, an association of nonprofit milk banks in the U.S. and Canada, said her organization’s affiliated banks distributed about 4.4 million ounces of human milk to hospitals last year, up from less than half that amount as recently as five years ago. When Sakamoto became president of the organization in 2014, it had 18 milk banks. Now it has more than 30 open or planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Profit Or Not To Profit?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mothers’ Milk Bank workers from San Jose traveled nearly 450 miles last year for donation drives in the southern part of the state, including the one at the Desert Regional Medical Center in Palm Springs where they applauded Soltes. The bank collects and pasteurizes donated human milk and provides it at cost to NICUs throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the week, workers planned to conduct risk screenings, including blood testing for HIV and other diseases, on mothers like Soltes. They also planned to ask the women’s doctors — and their babies’ doctors — to approve the donations. The team expected to collect 7,542 ounces of pumped breast milk — enough to provide more than 30,000 feedings for premature infants in NICUs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, we have a consistent flow of milk coming in,” said Leah Carig, donor coordinator at the San Jose-based bank. “In the past, we’ve had to put out [e-mail] blasts” to increase supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"layout-lg carousel-article carousel slide carousel-article-1\">\n\u003col class=\"carousel-indicators\">\n\u003cli class=\"active\">\n\u003cli>\n\u003cli>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cdiv class=\"carousel-inner\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"item active\">\u003cimg src=\"https://kaiserhealthnews.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/breast-milk-5_770.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"caption carousel-caption\">Prolacta Bioscience purchases breast milk from women for $1 per ounce, tests it rigorously and uses it to make fortifiers that are added to a mother’s or donor’s milk to deliver extra calories, proteins and minerals to premature babies. (Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"item\">\u003cimg src=\"https://kaiserhealthnews.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/breast-milk-4_770.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"caption carousel-caption\">“We believe that all human milk, whether it is distributed commercially, by a nonprofit or peer-to-peer network, should be tested for drugs of abuse, nicotine and other adulterants,” says Prolacta CEO Scott Elster. (Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"item\">\u003cimg src=\"https://kaiserhealthnews.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/breast-milk-6_770.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"caption carousel-caption\">Prolacta’s products win praise from NICU physicians because they can replace fortifiers made of cow’s milk, which are known to increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis. (Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"left carousel-control\" href=\".carousel-article.carousel-article-1\">\u003cspan class=\"btn-prev\">\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003ca class=\"right carousel-control\" href=\".carousel-article.carousel-article-1\">\u003cspan class=\"btn-next\">\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For-profit breast milk operations are expanding, too. Elster’s company, \u003ca href=\"http://www.prolacta.com\">Prolacta Bioscience\u003c/a>, stocks warehouse-like freezers full of human milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based in City of Industry, Calif., it purchases the milk from women for $1 per ounce. The company uses it to make fortifiers that are added to a mother’s or donor’s milk to deliver extra calories, proteins and minerals to premature babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The products are expensive, at $200 to $300 for a one-day supply. But they win praise from NICU physicians like Kim, because they can replace fortifiers made of cow’s milk, which are known to increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the NICU and the gates of industry, informal internet-based sites, with names like \u003ca href=\"http://www.onlythebreast.com\">Only the Breast\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.eatsonfeets.org\">Eats on Feets\u003c/a>, also \u003ca href=\"http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/bfm.2013.0114\">appear to be booming\u003c/a>. One \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2015/4/28/8504443/mothers-buying-breast-milk-online-donors-risks\">report\u003c/a> estimated that the number of online milk transactions in the U.S. soared from 22,000 in 2012 to 55,000 in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some milk-sharing networks are run by mothers who sell their milk, while others give it away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mandy Lindberg, a board member of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iebreastfeeding.org/about3\">Inland Empire Breastfeeding Coalition\u003c/a>, has experience with both formal and informal donation networks. She said that women often opt to donate among themselves because they want to help friends or neighbors who don’t have enough milk for their babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nice to put a face with the name,” Lindberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows there’s some risk with milk that changes hands on informal sites, however. In 2015, a team of researchers who purchased breast milk on the open market \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2015/03/31/peds.2014-3554\">reported\u003c/a> in the journal Pediatrics that about 10 percent of samples contained cow’s milk, which could have been added by the sellers to increase volume and thus the size of the payment. The same team had reported in 2013 that milk purchased online was \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2013/10/16/peds.2013-1687.full.pdf+html\">frequently contaminated\u003c/a> by pathogenic bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim Updegrove, executive director of the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.milkbank.org\">Mothers’ Milk Bank at Austin\u003c/a>, in Texas, says the FDA should regulate informal milk-sharing, ideally requiring all milk to go through a milk bank focused on distributing it according to the greatest medical need. This, she believes, would help make the practice safer and ensure that the sickest babies were given priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Updegrove and others fear that if financial gain were to become the dominant factor in distribution of human milk, supplies could be siphoned away from the sickest NICU babies. Poor mothers might sell their milk instead of giving it to their own children, these critics said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women involved in sharing networks don’t always understand the mission and practices of nonprofit milk banks, Perrin reported with colleagues in a \u003ca href=\"http://jhl.sagepub.com/content/32/2/229.short\">2016 paper\u003c/a> that appeared in the Journal of Human Lactation. Better education might encourage more to donate for NICU use, she suggested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said that when she started her research, she thought of human milk as a “scarce resource.” “But I’ve talked to women who have shared 9,600 ounces of milk. Some have freezers full,” she said. “I think it’s a distribution problem, and not a supply problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire concept of breast milk banking — of any type — was new to Soltes. The La Quinta, Calif., mother said that when other members of her breast-feeding group had more milk than they could use, they didn’t know what to do with it. She learned about the milk drive by doing a Google search online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just happened to find this event,” she said. “I thought, wow — I’d rather do this than throw it all out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"As a fountain of nonprofit milk banks emerge, one woman’s abundant supply can fill another’s yawning demand. But critics fear that poor women will sell start selling their milk for survival, depriving their own babies of vital nutrients.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1493767753,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":41,"wordCount":1806},"headData":{"title":"Going For $1 An Ounce: The Burgeoning Trade In Mothers’ Milk | KQED","description":"As a fountain of nonprofit milk banks emerge, one woman’s abundant supply can fill another’s yawning demand. But critics fear that poor women will sell start selling their milk for survival, depriving their own babies of vital nutrients.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Going For $1 An Ounce: The Burgeoning Trade In Mothers’ Milk","datePublished":"2017-05-02T23:26:58.000Z","dateModified":"2017-05-02T23:29:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"325769 https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=325769","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2017/05/02/going-for-1-an-ounce-the-burgeoning-trade-in-mothers-milk/","disqusTitle":"Going For $1 An Ounce: The Burgeoning Trade In Mothers’ Milk","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/author/eryn-brown/\">\u003cstrong>Eryn Brown\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>","path":"/stateofhealth/325769/going-for-1-an-ounce-the-burgeoning-trade-in-mothers-milk","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>PALM SPRINGS, Calif. — Rebecca Soltes walked into a gaily decorated hospital meeting room, pushing her kids in a double stroller and carrying a soft-sided cooler filled with bags of frozen breast milk — 100 ounces of the stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She dropped it on a table, and the roomful of lactation consultants and maternal health advocates from California’s Inland Empire erupted in applause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was donating the milk because she didn’t need it anymore. Her son, a young toddler, had recently graduated to solid food, but her freezer at home was still packed with pumped milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know what to do with it,” a harried-looking Soltes told two young staffers from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mothersmilk.org\">Mothers’ Milk Bank\u003c/a>, a nonprofit group in San Jose, Calif., that provides breast milk for fragile infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasing numbers of women who produce more breast milk than they need are handing it over — or selling it — for others to use. It’s a boon to fragile infants and mothers who can’t produce enough milk, but it also poses challenging ethical and public health questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"side-by-side\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"alignleft wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cimg width=\"770\" height=\"513\" src=\"https://kaiserhealthnews.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/breast-milk-9_770.jpg?w=770&h=513&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-khn-article-large size-khn-article-large\" alt=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">A breast milk fair, where the milk is collected for fragile infants in neonatal intensive care units, was held in Palm Springs, Calif., in August 2016. (Heidi de Marco/California KHN)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"alignright wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003cimg width=\"770\" height=\"513\" src=\"https://kaiserhealthnews.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/breast-milk-8_770.jpg?w=770&h=513&crop=1\" class=\"attachment-khn-article-large size-khn-article-large\" alt=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christina Beltran, who recently had a baby, signs up to receive more information at the Palm Springs breast milk donation fair. (Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--side-by-side-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians, regulators and others ask: Should sickly, premature babies get access to this milk before healthy ones? Should women be paid for their milk — even if it might lead some to deprive their own infants? Should greater safeguards be required to ensure the safety of the supply?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/scienceresearch/specialtopics/pediatrictherapeuticsresearch/ucm235203.htm\">Food and Drug Administration\u003c/a> does not require testing for donated human milk. A handful of states, including California and New York, regulate milk banks the way they do tissue banks, enforcing some safety standards, and many nonprofit milk banks screen donors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the FDA has expressed concern about milk-trading websites, \u003ca href=\"http://www.aappublications.org/content/32/2/6.1\">warning consumers\u003c/a> that the milk offered there carries an increased risk of contamination by drugs or disease, including HIV. The agency further urges mothers not to feed their infants donated milk acquired from other individuals or over the internet, also because of such safety risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies and medical experts wonder if even established milk banks — whose voluntary screening practices the FDA praised in 2010 — should be doing more to ensure safety. Dr. Jae Hong Kim, a neonatologist at UC-San Diego, said milk banks’ safety efforts have worked well thus far but are not error-free. “The challenge is, if you expand the operations, you increase your risk exposure,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Elster, CEO of Prolacta Bioscience, a company that uses human milk to make fortifier products in its pharmaceutical-grade manufacturing facility, said he advocates a more rigorous level of screening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe that all human milk, whether it is distributed commercially, by a nonprofit or peer-to-peer network, should be tested for drugs of abuse, nicotine and other adulterants,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milk Magic\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as the early 1970s, barely a fifth of American babies were breast-fed. Today, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/pdf/2016breastfeedingreportcard.pdf\">more than 80%\u003c/a> get at least a taste of their mother’s milk, according to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The health advantages are well-established, especially for premature infants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first class I had on human milk I was blown away,” said Maryanne Perrin, a nutrition scientist at the University of North Carolina-Greensboro. “It’s Harry Potter meets Willy Wonka. It’s a magical food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> The Food and Drug Administration does not require testing for donated human milk. A handful of states, including California and New York, regulate milk banks as they do tissue banks. (Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some breast-feeding enthusiasts refer to human milk as “liquid gold.” At times, it seems as though everyone wants the stuff — from nonprofits like Mothers’ Milk Bank, to high-tech pharmaceutical companies that concentrate it into premium medical products, to your neighbor who might just want a bit more to supplement her baby’s diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year, new human milk banks open and new milk-focused companies are launched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows exactly how much of this excess milk is donated or sold, but the volume is increasing. Pauline Sakamoto, executive director of the Mothers’ Milk Bank and former president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hmbana.org\">Human Milk Banking Association of North America\u003c/a>, an association of nonprofit milk banks in the U.S. and Canada, said her organization’s affiliated banks distributed about 4.4 million ounces of human milk to hospitals last year, up from less than half that amount as recently as five years ago. When Sakamoto became president of the organization in 2014, it had 18 milk banks. Now it has more than 30 open or planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Profit Or Not To Profit?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mothers’ Milk Bank workers from San Jose traveled nearly 450 miles last year for donation drives in the southern part of the state, including the one at the Desert Regional Medical Center in Palm Springs where they applauded Soltes. The bank collects and pasteurizes donated human milk and provides it at cost to NICUs throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the week, workers planned to conduct risk screenings, including blood testing for HIV and other diseases, on mothers like Soltes. They also planned to ask the women’s doctors — and their babies’ doctors — to approve the donations. The team expected to collect 7,542 ounces of pumped breast milk — enough to provide more than 30,000 feedings for premature infants in NICUs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, we have a consistent flow of milk coming in,” said Leah Carig, donor coordinator at the San Jose-based bank. “In the past, we’ve had to put out [e-mail] blasts” to increase supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"layout-lg carousel-article carousel slide carousel-article-1\">\n\u003col class=\"carousel-indicators\">\n\u003cli class=\"active\">\n\u003cli>\n\u003cli>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cdiv class=\"carousel-inner\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"item active\">\u003cimg src=\"https://kaiserhealthnews.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/breast-milk-5_770.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"caption carousel-caption\">Prolacta Bioscience purchases breast milk from women for $1 per ounce, tests it rigorously and uses it to make fortifiers that are added to a mother’s or donor’s milk to deliver extra calories, proteins and minerals to premature babies. (Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"item\">\u003cimg src=\"https://kaiserhealthnews.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/breast-milk-4_770.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"caption carousel-caption\">“We believe that all human milk, whether it is distributed commercially, by a nonprofit or peer-to-peer network, should be tested for drugs of abuse, nicotine and other adulterants,” says Prolacta CEO Scott Elster. (Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"item\">\u003cimg src=\"https://kaiserhealthnews.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/breast-milk-6_770.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"caption carousel-caption\">Prolacta’s products win praise from NICU physicians because they can replace fortifiers made of cow’s milk, which are known to increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis. (Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"left carousel-control\" href=\".carousel-article.carousel-article-1\">\u003cspan class=\"btn-prev\">\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003ca class=\"right carousel-control\" href=\".carousel-article.carousel-article-1\">\u003cspan class=\"btn-next\">\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For-profit breast milk operations are expanding, too. Elster’s company, \u003ca href=\"http://www.prolacta.com\">Prolacta Bioscience\u003c/a>, stocks warehouse-like freezers full of human milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based in City of Industry, Calif., it purchases the milk from women for $1 per ounce. The company uses it to make fortifiers that are added to a mother’s or donor’s milk to deliver extra calories, proteins and minerals to premature babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The products are expensive, at $200 to $300 for a one-day supply. But they win praise from NICU physicians like Kim, because they can replace fortifiers made of cow’s milk, which are known to increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the NICU and the gates of industry, informal internet-based sites, with names like \u003ca href=\"http://www.onlythebreast.com\">Only the Breast\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.eatsonfeets.org\">Eats on Feets\u003c/a>, also \u003ca href=\"http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/bfm.2013.0114\">appear to be booming\u003c/a>. One \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2015/4/28/8504443/mothers-buying-breast-milk-online-donors-risks\">report\u003c/a> estimated that the number of online milk transactions in the U.S. soared from 22,000 in 2012 to 55,000 in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some milk-sharing networks are run by mothers who sell their milk, while others give it away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mandy Lindberg, a board member of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iebreastfeeding.org/about3\">Inland Empire Breastfeeding Coalition\u003c/a>, has experience with both formal and informal donation networks. She said that women often opt to donate among themselves because they want to help friends or neighbors who don’t have enough milk for their babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nice to put a face with the name,” Lindberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows there’s some risk with milk that changes hands on informal sites, however. In 2015, a team of researchers who purchased breast milk on the open market \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2015/03/31/peds.2014-3554\">reported\u003c/a> in the journal Pediatrics that about 10 percent of samples contained cow’s milk, which could have been added by the sellers to increase volume and thus the size of the payment. The same team had reported in 2013 that milk purchased online was \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2013/10/16/peds.2013-1687.full.pdf+html\">frequently contaminated\u003c/a> by pathogenic bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim Updegrove, executive director of the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.milkbank.org\">Mothers’ Milk Bank at Austin\u003c/a>, in Texas, says the FDA should regulate informal milk-sharing, ideally requiring all milk to go through a milk bank focused on distributing it according to the greatest medical need. This, she believes, would help make the practice safer and ensure that the sickest babies were given priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Updegrove and others fear that if financial gain were to become the dominant factor in distribution of human milk, supplies could be siphoned away from the sickest NICU babies. Poor mothers might sell their milk instead of giving it to their own children, these critics said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women involved in sharing networks don’t always understand the mission and practices of nonprofit milk banks, Perrin reported with colleagues in a \u003ca href=\"http://jhl.sagepub.com/content/32/2/229.short\">2016 paper\u003c/a> that appeared in the Journal of Human Lactation. Better education might encourage more to donate for NICU use, she suggested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said that when she started her research, she thought of human milk as a “scarce resource.” “But I’ve talked to women who have shared 9,600 ounces of milk. Some have freezers full,” she said. “I think it’s a distribution problem, and not a supply problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire concept of breast milk banking — of any type — was new to Soltes. The La Quinta, Calif., mother said that when other members of her breast-feeding group had more milk than they could use, they didn’t know what to do with it. She learned about the milk drive by doing a Google search online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just happened to find this event,” she said. “I thought, wow — I’d rather do this than throw it all out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/325769/going-for-1-an-ounce-the-burgeoning-trade-in-mothers-milk","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_325769"],"categories":["stateofhealth_12","stateofhealth_14","stateofhealth_2746","stateofhealth_1"],"tags":["stateofhealth_3086","stateofhealth_2808","stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_2578"],"affiliates":["stateofhealth_3036"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_325773","label":"stateofhealth_3036"},"stateofhealth_173093":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_173093","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"173093","score":null,"sort":[1460742387000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nurses-say-stress-interferes-with-caring-for-their-patients","title":"Nurses Say Stress Interferes With Caring For Their Patients","publishDate":1460742387,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>Jordin Purcell-Riess has worked as a registered nurse at the emergency department at St. Francis Hospital in Hartford, Conn., for three years. She describes her workplace as phones going off, voices everywhere, every room full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You look around and the hallways are full of patients on stretchers, you walk out to the waiting room and you can see on our board that there's 15 people signing in,\" she says. \"The second you can get your ICU patient upstairs, there's another one waiting for you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'You could have a patient get really really sick, you could have a patient die, and there's no break.'\u003ccite> Theresa Brown, R.N.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She typically doesn't get a chance to eat or drink or go to the bathroom during her 12-hour shift, Purcell-Riess says. And she's not alone. A 2007 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185650\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine\u003c/em> found that 24 percent of ICU nurses and 14 percent of general nurses tested positive for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nursing has long been considered one of the most stressful professions, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20042107.html\" target=\"_blank\">review\u003c/a> of research by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in 2012. Nurses and researchers say it comes down to organizational problems in hospitals worldwide. That includes cuts in staffing; some California nurses struck last month for a week over low staffing and wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some researchers say that just hiring more people won't fix things. Other proposed solutions include restructuring hospitals so that administrators pay more attention to what nurses have to say about patient care and work flow, and training programs to help nurses relieve their stress and deal with ethical dilemmas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theresa Brown is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.theresabrownrn.com/\">clinical nurse\u003c/a> in Pittsburgh who has written two books about what it's like to be a nurse. She says nurses are often stretched to the limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A friend said when she started working as a nurse, when she would drive, she would vomit on the way in to work just because of the incredible level of stress,\" Brown says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the senior nurses said there is no place we can go to just be alone and be in a quiet room for five or 10 minutes, except for the bathroom ... you could have a patient get really really sick, you could have a patient die, and there's no break.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She adds that whenever hospitals start adding new forms of documentation or electronic health records, that work is often given to the nurses so their workload just gets larger. \"It shouldn't be this way, but the patient demands are the ones that can get put off.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just a problem in the U.S., either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/9/11072?trendmd-shared=0\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> in Hong Kong found nurses to be at much higher risk for stress, depression and anxiety compared to the general population. \u003cem>The Guardian\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/jan/17/nurses-nhs-stress-leave-staff-breaking-point\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a> last January that the number of nurses in the U.K. taking time off due to stress has soared – 1 in 29 are off because of stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that most hospitals aren't organized to support nurses, or even doctors, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.nursing.upenn.edu/faculty/profile.asp?pid=107\" target=\"_blank\">Linda Aiken\u003c/a>. She is a professor of nursing and sociology at the University of Pennsylvania. \"They're highly bureaucratic, they're very top-down organizations, they don't really seek out clinicians' solutions for solving problems in patient care,\" Aiken says. \"Therefore the problems exist over decades, and they're basically not solvable by any individual nurse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the work environment at a particular hospital is bad, just adding more nurses won't address the problem, Aiken says. As an example of what hospitals can do, she points to \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/nurse/magnet/designation.html\" target=\"_blank\">magnet hospitals\u003c/a>,\" a form of voluntary accreditation from a subsidiary of the American Nurses Association that looks at nursing culture, training and work practices, including issues such as not having a nurse \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/03/24/394823592/despite-high-rates-of-nursing-injuries-government-regulators-take-little-action\" target=\"_blank\">lift patients alone\u003c/a>, a significant cause of disability for nurses. There are about 400 certified magnet hospitals in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-173094\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/04/nurses-workload_enl-94023b3a4b2316e38fd2b715b98a31dd25676fc2-400x276.jpg\" alt=\"Oivind Hovland/Getty Images/Ikon Images\" width=\"400\" height=\"276\">Aiken says to get magnet status, hospitals need to give the nurses and doctors who are treating the patients a greater say in what resources are used for those patients, make decisions based on evidence, be well-staffed, and invest in educating their doctors and nurses. \"That's not the conventional way that hospitals are managed now,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magnet hospitals with at least one nurse per bed are less likely to send patients to the ICU or have patients die, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26791112\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> that Aiken co-authored published in January in \u003cem>JAMA Surgery\u003c/em>. The improved results didn't cost the hospitals more; some actually saved money. St. Francis Hospital, where Jordin Purcell-Riess works, follows the magnet principles though it is not accredited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linda Aiken says she's worried that hospitals think of nurses as a cost to be cut and not as a revenue stream. \u003ca href=\"http://nursing.jhu.edu/faculty_research/faculty/faculty-directory/acutechroniccare/cynda-rushton\" target=\"_blank\">Cynda Rushton\u003c/a>, a professor of nursing and bioethics at the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics and School of Nursing, agrees. \"There is a mindset among some administrators that nurses are easily replaceable commodities — a nurse is a nurse is a nurse,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost 20 percent of newly registered nurses leave a hospital within the first year for the same job elsewhere, or a different job in a different organization, according to a 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.rwjf.org/en/library/articles-and-news/2014/09/nearly-one-in-five-new-nurses-leave-first-job-within-a-year--acc.html\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a>. Rushton says to her, that means health care organizations aren't investing enough in their nursing staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nurse burnout also is linked to moral distress, Rushton says, from situations where nurses know what they should do for their patients but can't act on it. For example, nurses might have to give a patient at the end of life a treatment that causes suffering without any medical benefit. She just started a program called the Mindful Ethical Practice and Resilience Academy to try to help new nurses deal with moral distress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a series of in-person workshops, some of which involve nurses using simulations to practice how to make their ethical concerns heard at work. One scenario includes a patient with a complex medical condition and a nurse has been caring for him and talking to him for days following the recommended treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the nurse sees that the medicine isn't working, she could say that she's assessed the patient's pain, it's a 10 out of 10, Rushton says. She could say she's concerned about the treatment because \"in my role as a nurse, one of my primary goals is to relieve my patient's suffering and I'm not able to do that, so I'd like to talk about how we can figure out a way to more fully address this patient's pain and their suffering.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to help nurses better communicate with other staff members, Rushton says, as well as take care of themselves through mindfulness, reflection and other practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nurses around the world are struggling with how to fulfill their ethical obligations, Rushton says. \"In one sense, it could be considered a public health crisis, because if we don't have sufficient nurses to meet the needs of people in need of health care,\" the entire health care system could crumble. \"I think that it's time that nurses are recognized as a scarce resource that needs to be invested in, supported and respected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Alan Yu is a freelance reporter in Hong Kong who contributes regularly to the \u003c/em>South China Morning Post\u003cem>. You can follow him on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Alan_Yu039\">@Alan_Yu039\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Nurses+Say+Stress+Interferes+With+Caring+For+Their+Patients&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Almost one-quarter of ICU nurses have symptoms of PTSD, studies find, and other nurses are seriously stressed at work, too. Some hospitals are trying to come up with ways to help them cope.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1460742463,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1277},"headData":{"title":"Nurses Say Stress Interferes With Caring For Their Patients | KQED","description":"Almost one-quarter of ICU nurses have symptoms of PTSD, studies find, and other nurses are seriously stressed at work, too. Some hospitals are trying to come up with ways to help them cope.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Nurses Say Stress Interferes With Caring For Their Patients","datePublished":"2016-04-15T17:46:27.000Z","dateModified":"2016-04-15T17:47:43.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"173093 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=173093","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/04/15/nurses-say-stress-interferes-with-caring-for-their-patients/","disqusTitle":"Nurses Say Stress Interferes With Caring For Their Patients","nprImageCredit":"Oivind Hovland","nprByline":"Alan Yu","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images/Ikon Images","nprStoryId":"474200707","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=474200707&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/04/15/474200707/nurses-say-stress-interferes-with-caring-for-their-patients?ft=nprml&f=474200707","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 15 Apr 2016 07:38:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 15 Apr 2016 05:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 15 Apr 2016 07:38:32 -0400","path":"/stateofhealth/173093/nurses-say-stress-interferes-with-caring-for-their-patients","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jordin Purcell-Riess has worked as a registered nurse at the emergency department at St. Francis Hospital in Hartford, Conn., for three years. She describes her workplace as phones going off, voices everywhere, every room full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You look around and the hallways are full of patients on stretchers, you walk out to the waiting room and you can see on our board that there's 15 people signing in,\" she says. \"The second you can get your ICU patient upstairs, there's another one waiting for you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'You could have a patient get really really sick, you could have a patient die, and there's no break.'\u003ccite> Theresa Brown, R.N.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She typically doesn't get a chance to eat or drink or go to the bathroom during her 12-hour shift, Purcell-Riess says. And she's not alone. A 2007 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185650\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine\u003c/em> found that 24 percent of ICU nurses and 14 percent of general nurses tested positive for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nursing has long been considered one of the most stressful professions, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20042107.html\" target=\"_blank\">review\u003c/a> of research by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in 2012. Nurses and researchers say it comes down to organizational problems in hospitals worldwide. That includes cuts in staffing; some California nurses struck last month for a week over low staffing and wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some researchers say that just hiring more people won't fix things. Other proposed solutions include restructuring hospitals so that administrators pay more attention to what nurses have to say about patient care and work flow, and training programs to help nurses relieve their stress and deal with ethical dilemmas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theresa Brown is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.theresabrownrn.com/\">clinical nurse\u003c/a> in Pittsburgh who has written two books about what it's like to be a nurse. She says nurses are often stretched to the limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A friend said when she started working as a nurse, when she would drive, she would vomit on the way in to work just because of the incredible level of stress,\" Brown says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the senior nurses said there is no place we can go to just be alone and be in a quiet room for five or 10 minutes, except for the bathroom ... you could have a patient get really really sick, you could have a patient die, and there's no break.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She adds that whenever hospitals start adding new forms of documentation or electronic health records, that work is often given to the nurses so their workload just gets larger. \"It shouldn't be this way, but the patient demands are the ones that can get put off.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just a problem in the U.S., either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/9/11072?trendmd-shared=0\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> in Hong Kong found nurses to be at much higher risk for stress, depression and anxiety compared to the general population. \u003cem>The Guardian\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/jan/17/nurses-nhs-stress-leave-staff-breaking-point\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a> last January that the number of nurses in the U.K. taking time off due to stress has soared – 1 in 29 are off because of stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that most hospitals aren't organized to support nurses, or even doctors, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.nursing.upenn.edu/faculty/profile.asp?pid=107\" target=\"_blank\">Linda Aiken\u003c/a>. She is a professor of nursing and sociology at the University of Pennsylvania. \"They're highly bureaucratic, they're very top-down organizations, they don't really seek out clinicians' solutions for solving problems in patient care,\" Aiken says. \"Therefore the problems exist over decades, and they're basically not solvable by any individual nurse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the work environment at a particular hospital is bad, just adding more nurses won't address the problem, Aiken says. As an example of what hospitals can do, she points to \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/nurse/magnet/designation.html\" target=\"_blank\">magnet hospitals\u003c/a>,\" a form of voluntary accreditation from a subsidiary of the American Nurses Association that looks at nursing culture, training and work practices, including issues such as not having a nurse \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/03/24/394823592/despite-high-rates-of-nursing-injuries-government-regulators-take-little-action\" target=\"_blank\">lift patients alone\u003c/a>, a significant cause of disability for nurses. There are about 400 certified magnet hospitals in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-173094\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/04/nurses-workload_enl-94023b3a4b2316e38fd2b715b98a31dd25676fc2-400x276.jpg\" alt=\"Oivind Hovland/Getty Images/Ikon Images\" width=\"400\" height=\"276\">Aiken says to get magnet status, hospitals need to give the nurses and doctors who are treating the patients a greater say in what resources are used for those patients, make decisions based on evidence, be well-staffed, and invest in educating their doctors and nurses. \"That's not the conventional way that hospitals are managed now,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magnet hospitals with at least one nurse per bed are less likely to send patients to the ICU or have patients die, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26791112\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> that Aiken co-authored published in January in \u003cem>JAMA Surgery\u003c/em>. The improved results didn't cost the hospitals more; some actually saved money. St. Francis Hospital, where Jordin Purcell-Riess works, follows the magnet principles though it is not accredited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linda Aiken says she's worried that hospitals think of nurses as a cost to be cut and not as a revenue stream. \u003ca href=\"http://nursing.jhu.edu/faculty_research/faculty/faculty-directory/acutechroniccare/cynda-rushton\" target=\"_blank\">Cynda Rushton\u003c/a>, a professor of nursing and bioethics at the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics and School of Nursing, agrees. \"There is a mindset among some administrators that nurses are easily replaceable commodities — a nurse is a nurse is a nurse,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost 20 percent of newly registered nurses leave a hospital within the first year for the same job elsewhere, or a different job in a different organization, according to a 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.rwjf.org/en/library/articles-and-news/2014/09/nearly-one-in-five-new-nurses-leave-first-job-within-a-year--acc.html\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a>. Rushton says to her, that means health care organizations aren't investing enough in their nursing staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nurse burnout also is linked to moral distress, Rushton says, from situations where nurses know what they should do for their patients but can't act on it. For example, nurses might have to give a patient at the end of life a treatment that causes suffering without any medical benefit. She just started a program called the Mindful Ethical Practice and Resilience Academy to try to help new nurses deal with moral distress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a series of in-person workshops, some of which involve nurses using simulations to practice how to make their ethical concerns heard at work. One scenario includes a patient with a complex medical condition and a nurse has been caring for him and talking to him for days following the recommended treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the nurse sees that the medicine isn't working, she could say that she's assessed the patient's pain, it's a 10 out of 10, Rushton says. She could say she's concerned about the treatment because \"in my role as a nurse, one of my primary goals is to relieve my patient's suffering and I'm not able to do that, so I'd like to talk about how we can figure out a way to more fully address this patient's pain and their suffering.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to help nurses better communicate with other staff members, Rushton says, as well as take care of themselves through mindfulness, reflection and other practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nurses around the world are struggling with how to fulfill their ethical obligations, Rushton says. \"In one sense, it could be considered a public health crisis, because if we don't have sufficient nurses to meet the needs of people in need of health care,\" the entire health care system could crumble. \"I think that it's time that nurses are recognized as a scarce resource that needs to be invested in, supported and respected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Alan Yu is a freelance reporter in Hong Kong who contributes regularly to the \u003c/em>South China Morning Post\u003cem>. You can follow him on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Alan_Yu039\">@Alan_Yu039\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Nurses+Say+Stress+Interferes+With+Caring+For+Their+Patients&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/173093/nurses-say-stress-interferes-with-caring-for-their-patients","authors":["byline_stateofhealth_173093"],"categories":["stateofhealth_14"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2578"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_173096","label":"stateofhealth"},"stateofhealth_103454":{"type":"posts","id":"stateofhealth_103454","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"stateofhealth","id":"103454","score":null,"sort":[1446748844000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-pressing-need-for-latino-and-black-nurses-oakland","title":"California’s Pressing Need for Latino and Black Nurses","publishDate":1446748844,"format":"standard","headTitle":"State of Health | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"stateofhealth"},"content":"\u003cp>East Oakland's Allen Temple Baptist Church is buzzing with chatter and upbeat music. On this warm Saturday morning, the church is hosting its annual holistic health fair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students from Oakland's Samuel Merritt University, clad in blue scrubs, hustle to give eye exams and check blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple tables down, Samuel Merritt's chief diversity officer, Shirley Strong, hopes to address prospective students. The Oakland-based university is one of the three biggest programs for registered nursing students in California and is committed to reducing health disparities by recruiting more students of color .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The work of diversity at Samuel Merritt involves recruiting faculty, staff and students of color particularly,\" Strong says, especially \"African-American/black, Latino/Hispanic students because they’re the ones underrepresented in our community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/231710622\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last May, Samuel Merritt University's nursing program graduated its second-largest class of African-American and Latino students, including 10 African-Americans and 28 Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’d like to do is train more (registered nurses) and more case managers and more nurse practitioners, people who are really in decision-making roles in hospitals,” says Strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Black and Latino Registered Nurses Needed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/~/media/MEDIA%20LIBRARY%20Files/PDF/PDF%20C/PDF%20CaliforniaNursesFactsFigures2010.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">majority of the state's registered nurses\u003c/a> are white or Asian. While 39 percent of California's population is Latino, just\u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/~/media/MEDIA%20LIBRARY%20Files/PDF/PDF%20C/PDF%20CaliforniaNursesFactsFigures2010.pdf\"> \u003c/a>8 percent of nurses are; 6 percent of the state's population is black, but just 4 percent of nurses are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Hayes-Bautista is director of the Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture at UCLA's medical school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Clearly we are lacking African-American and Latina nurses,\" he says, adding that the health of everyone suffers because of it. \"Having them in the workforce will ... make for better patient care [and] better language communication.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that can be hard when you have a population as diverse as California, where \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2010/nov/14/opinion/la-ed-longevity-20101114\">Latinos \u003c/a>lack access to preventive care and \u003ca href=\"http://www.naacp.org/pages/health-care-fact-sheet\">African-Americans\u003c/a> experience higher rates of heart disease and shorter life expectancy than whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These disparities are what motivated Samuel Merritt grad Shanda Williams, who recently passed her registered nurses' licensing exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10745329\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RS17385_IMG_4274.JPG-sfi.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10745329 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RS17385_IMG_4274.JPG-sfi-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"Shanda Williams \" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shanda Williams grew up in Oakland, where there's great need for providers who understand the community. She was inspired to become a nurse after accompanying her grandmother to the doctor. (Adizah Eghan/KQED).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She grew up in Oakland, where there's a great need for providers who understand the community. Williams says she's experienced this firsthand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would go to the doctor’s office with my grandmother,\" Williams says, \"and she would basically lie to all of her doctors about everything that she was doing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says her grandmother told her doctor she was eating her fruits and vegetables and cutting out fried foods. Williams knew this was not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It sparked a conversation,\" she says, but her grandmother \"basically said, 'They don't understand the way we eat, this is part of my identity.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says this moment stuck with her because the doctor never asked some key questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was never really a time when her doctor would ask her a question, 'Well, why do you eat that way?' or, 'Can we find a compromise?' or anything like that. Those questions never came up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Helping Others Achieve\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Williams wants to extend what she's learned to others. She tutors in Samuel Merritt’s academic success program, specifically geared toward Latino and African-American students. Today she's working with junior Leslie Hernandez. The two are sitting in one of Samuel Merritt's basement classrooms going over neuropharmacology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez says she sees a lot of Latino students in nursing school with her, but it’s not the same when she accompanies family members to the hospital or when she's at her clinical placements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers the moment when she realized the need for more Latinos -- and Spanish-speaking -- health care professionals. As one of her student placements, she was working in the psychiatric unit of a hospital. A patient had been deemed noncompliant by her doctors and nurses because she did not talk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hernandez was able to communicate with the patient — in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She was speaking in Spanish and she felt like nobody could understand her,\" Hernandez recounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patient told Hernandez that she had suicidal thoughts, and Hernandez could pass that on to the doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Addressing Barriers Faced by Low-Income Students\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Financial support is a major barrier for students of color. While lower-income students can take advantage of financial aid to cover tuition at either a public or private school, they can be derailed by smaller unexpected problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sudden need for hundreds of dollars for a car repair or an emergency dental problem can force students to drop out, diversity officer Strong says, adding that these students come from families that often don't have the resources to help in an emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help these students, Strong says Samuel Merritt is working to create a special fund, \"so that when a student has a problem we just write the check from the emergency fund, [so students can] stay attentive and on course to graduate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">But emergency finances and need for tutoring are the issues that black and Latino students face only after they get into nursing school. For so many others, nursing school isn’t even an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">Strong says preparation for health care careers starts in high school -- or sooner. “The key really is that they have to take science courses and the math courses early on, so when they get to college ... they are prepared to step into these various programs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">She says if students don’t have these courses, they spend a lot of time playing catch-up. Sometimes it's just too overwhelming to tackle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">Samuel Merritt is partnering with pathway programs such as the Health Academy at Oakland Technical High School, and Berkeley High's B-Tech Academy. The goal of these schools is to give students who are interested in the health care field specialized instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Registered Nursing \u003ca href=\"http://www.rn.ca.gov/pdfs/forms/diversityupdate.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">forecasts \u003c/a>that Latino population growth will continue to outpace the number of registered nurses and doctors unless more efforts are implemented to encourage enrollment and graduation of Latinos from RN programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While African-Americans will be equally represented by 2030, they could be equally represented sooner if more African-American students are recruited to and graduate from RN programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Shanda Williams, she wants to open a clinic with some of her classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Working in my community is what also helped keep me motivated in school,\" she says, adding that she thinks other students of color feel the same way. \"We want to make changes in our communities that we have grown up (in) and that we have seen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wants patients like her grandmother to seek care from people who they trust, people who can say, \"I'm from the same neighborhood you come from.\"\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Thirty-nine percent of Californians are Hispanic, versus only 9 percent of nurses. An Oakland university strives to address the need.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1448931830,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":37,"wordCount":1211},"headData":{"title":"California’s Pressing Need for Latino and Black Nurses | KQED","description":"Thirty-nine percent of Californians are Hispanic, versus only 9 percent of nurses. An Oakland university strives to address the need.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California’s Pressing Need for Latino and Black Nurses","datePublished":"2015-11-05T18:40:44.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-01T01:03:50.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"103454 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=103454","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/11/05/californias-pressing-need-for-latino-and-black-nurses-oakland/","disqusTitle":"California’s Pressing Need for Latino and Black Nurses","path":"/stateofhealth/103454/californias-pressing-need-for-latino-and-black-nurses-oakland","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>East Oakland's Allen Temple Baptist Church is buzzing with chatter and upbeat music. On this warm Saturday morning, the church is hosting its annual holistic health fair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students from Oakland's Samuel Merritt University, clad in blue scrubs, hustle to give eye exams and check blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple tables down, Samuel Merritt's chief diversity officer, Shirley Strong, hopes to address prospective students. The Oakland-based university is one of the three biggest programs for registered nursing students in California and is committed to reducing health disparities by recruiting more students of color .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The work of diversity at Samuel Merritt involves recruiting faculty, staff and students of color particularly,\" Strong says, especially \"African-American/black, Latino/Hispanic students because they’re the ones underrepresented in our community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/231710622&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/231710622'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last May, Samuel Merritt University's nursing program graduated its second-largest class of African-American and Latino students, including 10 African-Americans and 28 Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’d like to do is train more (registered nurses) and more case managers and more nurse practitioners, people who are really in decision-making roles in hospitals,” says Strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Black and Latino Registered Nurses Needed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/~/media/MEDIA%20LIBRARY%20Files/PDF/PDF%20C/PDF%20CaliforniaNursesFactsFigures2010.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">majority of the state's registered nurses\u003c/a> are white or Asian. While 39 percent of California's population is Latino, just\u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/~/media/MEDIA%20LIBRARY%20Files/PDF/PDF%20C/PDF%20CaliforniaNursesFactsFigures2010.pdf\"> \u003c/a>8 percent of nurses are; 6 percent of the state's population is black, but just 4 percent of nurses are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Hayes-Bautista is director of the Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture at UCLA's medical school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Clearly we are lacking African-American and Latina nurses,\" he says, adding that the health of everyone suffers because of it. \"Having them in the workforce will ... make for better patient care [and] better language communication.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that can be hard when you have a population as diverse as California, where \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2010/nov/14/opinion/la-ed-longevity-20101114\">Latinos \u003c/a>lack access to preventive care and \u003ca href=\"http://www.naacp.org/pages/health-care-fact-sheet\">African-Americans\u003c/a> experience higher rates of heart disease and shorter life expectancy than whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These disparities are what motivated Samuel Merritt grad Shanda Williams, who recently passed her registered nurses' licensing exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10745329\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RS17385_IMG_4274.JPG-sfi.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10745329 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RS17385_IMG_4274.JPG-sfi-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"Shanda Williams \" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shanda Williams grew up in Oakland, where there's great need for providers who understand the community. She was inspired to become a nurse after accompanying her grandmother to the doctor. (Adizah Eghan/KQED).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She grew up in Oakland, where there's a great need for providers who understand the community. Williams says she's experienced this firsthand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would go to the doctor’s office with my grandmother,\" Williams says, \"and she would basically lie to all of her doctors about everything that she was doing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says her grandmother told her doctor she was eating her fruits and vegetables and cutting out fried foods. Williams knew this was not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It sparked a conversation,\" she says, but her grandmother \"basically said, 'They don't understand the way we eat, this is part of my identity.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says this moment stuck with her because the doctor never asked some key questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was never really a time when her doctor would ask her a question, 'Well, why do you eat that way?' or, 'Can we find a compromise?' or anything like that. Those questions never came up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Helping Others Achieve\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Williams wants to extend what she's learned to others. She tutors in Samuel Merritt’s academic success program, specifically geared toward Latino and African-American students. Today she's working with junior Leslie Hernandez. The two are sitting in one of Samuel Merritt's basement classrooms going over neuropharmacology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez says she sees a lot of Latino students in nursing school with her, but it’s not the same when she accompanies family members to the hospital or when she's at her clinical placements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers the moment when she realized the need for more Latinos -- and Spanish-speaking -- health care professionals. As one of her student placements, she was working in the psychiatric unit of a hospital. A patient had been deemed noncompliant by her doctors and nurses because she did not talk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hernandez was able to communicate with the patient — in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She was speaking in Spanish and she felt like nobody could understand her,\" Hernandez recounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patient told Hernandez that she had suicidal thoughts, and Hernandez could pass that on to the doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Addressing Barriers Faced by Low-Income Students\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Financial support is a major barrier for students of color. While lower-income students can take advantage of financial aid to cover tuition at either a public or private school, they can be derailed by smaller unexpected problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sudden need for hundreds of dollars for a car repair or an emergency dental problem can force students to drop out, diversity officer Strong says, adding that these students come from families that often don't have the resources to help in an emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help these students, Strong says Samuel Merritt is working to create a special fund, \"so that when a student has a problem we just write the check from the emergency fund, [so students can] stay attentive and on course to graduate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">But emergency finances and need for tutoring are the issues that black and Latino students face only after they get into nursing school. For so many others, nursing school isn’t even an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">Strong says preparation for health care careers starts in high school -- or sooner. “The key really is that they have to take science courses and the math courses early on, so when they get to college ... they are prepared to step into these various programs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">She says if students don’t have these courses, they spend a lot of time playing catch-up. Sometimes it's just too overwhelming to tackle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">Samuel Merritt is partnering with pathway programs such as the Health Academy at Oakland Technical High School, and Berkeley High's B-Tech Academy. The goal of these schools is to give students who are interested in the health care field specialized instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Registered Nursing \u003ca href=\"http://www.rn.ca.gov/pdfs/forms/diversityupdate.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">forecasts \u003c/a>that Latino population growth will continue to outpace the number of registered nurses and doctors unless more efforts are implemented to encourage enrollment and graduation of Latinos from RN programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While African-Americans will be equally represented by 2030, they could be equally represented sooner if more African-American students are recruited to and graduate from RN programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Shanda Williams, she wants to open a clinic with some of her classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Working in my community is what also helped keep me motivated in school,\" she says, adding that she thinks other students of color feel the same way. \"We want to make changes in our communities that we have grown up (in) and that we have seen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wants patients like her grandmother to seek care from people who they trust, people who can say, \"I'm from the same neighborhood you come from.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/stateofhealth/103454/californias-pressing-need-for-latino-and-black-nurses-oakland","authors":["195"],"categories":["stateofhealth_11"],"tags":["stateofhealth_2519","stateofhealth_2578"],"featImg":"stateofhealth_104987","label":"stateofhealth"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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