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FM","link":"/"}},"science_860288":{"type":"posts","id":"science_860288","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"860288","score":null,"sort":[1468971045000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"two-years-on-napa-quake-still-serving-up-surprises","title":"Two Years On, Napa Quake Still Serving Up Surprises","publishDate":1468971045,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Two Years On, Napa Quake Still Serving Up Surprises | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>It’s been nearly two years since the South Napa Earthquake rocked the North Bay region — but the revelations keep on coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say data from earth movements that occurred after the major shaking stopped show helter-skelter patterns unlike anything they’ve seen before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Field teams \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/22/finding-faults-scientists-close-in-on-napa-quake-origins/\">noted early on\u003c/a> that the Napa quake of August 24, 2014 did an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/south-napa-earthquake-photos/\">unusual amount of damage\u003c/a> for a magnitude-6 temblor — and that the event was followed by significant “afterslip,” when the ground keeps moving (albeit a lot more slowly) after the main event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_860386\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1124px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-860386 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/NapaAfterslip_DawsonCGS.jpg\" alt=\"Striping along Highway 12 shows initial earthquake movement (left), and additional offset from afterslip -- movement following the quake.\" width=\"1124\" height=\"711\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/NapaAfterslip_DawsonCGS.jpg 1124w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/NapaAfterslip_DawsonCGS-400x253.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/NapaAfterslip_DawsonCGS-800x506.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/NapaAfterslip_DawsonCGS-768x486.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/NapaAfterslip_DawsonCGS-960x607.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1124px) 100vw, 1124px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Striping along Highway 12 shows initial earthquake movement (left), and additional offset from afterslip — about a day after the quake. \u003ccite>(Tim Dawson/Calif. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What surprised geologists analyzing data in the months to follow was the variety of afterslip, which was greater in some places than others, and moved faster in some spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found this fault shows multiple slip behaviors at different times,” says Gareth Funning, a geophysicist at UC Riverside and lead author on the study. “We’d not seen anything quite like it before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funning’s team had the good luck to be nearby when the quake struck, and had just taken ground measurements in the valley weeks before. It gave him a unique perspective on ground movement before, during and after the major shaking. One notable finding was that in some spots, there was more ground movement after the quake than during it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_861007\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-861007\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157.jpg\" alt=\"Geophysicist Gareth Funning sets up a GPS marker in the Napa Valley, in August of 2014.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Geophysicist Gareth Funning sets up a GPS marker in the Napa Valley, in August of 2014. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It can carry on breaking things after the earthquake is done,” says Funning, which might have implications for responders, as well as property owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People might assume that they’re out of the woods for damage, but not necessarily true.” Adding to the confusion is the complex nature of the Napa Valley geology. The 2014 quake broke along various strands of a fault system, as opposed to a single fault line. Funning’s team identified seven places with different types of slip. The \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL069428/abstract\">complete study\u003c/a> is published online in the journal, American Geophysical Letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funning says they also observed a “tentative connection” between the surface geology and the earth movement observed. Areas of bedrock seemed to show more movement during the quake, while places with “softer” geology such as sedimentary material, showed more afterslip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So perhaps we could start to look for connections between surface geology and fault behavior,” says Funning. “It’s an intriguing thing that we’re going to follow up on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funning says the 2014 event revealed the West Napa fault to be a “creeping,” fault, one that keeps moving between earthquakes. The Hayward and Calaveras faults, which run up and down the East Bay, have similar characteristics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geologists also look for signs that an earthquake has added stress to surrounding faults, or “loaded” them. Funning says the evidence thus far suggests that the the Napa quake added minor loading to the nearby Rogers Creek fault, slightly increasing the odds of an event on that fault, which slashes diagonally across the North Bay.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Scientists say the \"afterslip\" tells a story of its own -- and it's one they haven't seen before.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704929897,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":553},"headData":{"title":"Two Years On, Napa Quake Still Serving Up Surprises | KQED","description":"Scientists say the "afterslip" tells a story of its own -- and it's one they haven't seen before.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/860288/two-years-on-napa-quake-still-serving-up-surprises","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s been nearly two years since the South Napa Earthquake rocked the North Bay region — but the revelations keep on coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say data from earth movements that occurred after the major shaking stopped show helter-skelter patterns unlike anything they’ve seen before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Field teams \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/22/finding-faults-scientists-close-in-on-napa-quake-origins/\">noted early on\u003c/a> that the Napa quake of August 24, 2014 did an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/south-napa-earthquake-photos/\">unusual amount of damage\u003c/a> for a magnitude-6 temblor — and that the event was followed by significant “afterslip,” when the ground keeps moving (albeit a lot more slowly) after the main event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_860386\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1124px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-860386 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/NapaAfterslip_DawsonCGS.jpg\" alt=\"Striping along Highway 12 shows initial earthquake movement (left), and additional offset from afterslip -- movement following the quake.\" width=\"1124\" height=\"711\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/NapaAfterslip_DawsonCGS.jpg 1124w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/NapaAfterslip_DawsonCGS-400x253.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/NapaAfterslip_DawsonCGS-800x506.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/NapaAfterslip_DawsonCGS-768x486.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/NapaAfterslip_DawsonCGS-960x607.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1124px) 100vw, 1124px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Striping along Highway 12 shows initial earthquake movement (left), and additional offset from afterslip — about a day after the quake. \u003ccite>(Tim Dawson/Calif. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What surprised geologists analyzing data in the months to follow was the variety of afterslip, which was greater in some places than others, and moved faster in some spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found this fault shows multiple slip behaviors at different times,” says Gareth Funning, a geophysicist at UC Riverside and lead author on the study. “We’d not seen anything quite like it before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funning’s team had the good luck to be nearby when the quake struck, and had just taken ground measurements in the valley weeks before. It gave him a unique perspective on ground movement before, during and after the major shaking. One notable finding was that in some spots, there was more ground movement after the quake than during it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_861007\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-861007\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157.jpg\" alt=\"Geophysicist Gareth Funning sets up a GPS marker in the Napa Valley, in August of 2014.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS12082_IMG_2157-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Geophysicist Gareth Funning sets up a GPS marker in the Napa Valley, in August of 2014. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It can carry on breaking things after the earthquake is done,” says Funning, which might have implications for responders, as well as property owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People might assume that they’re out of the woods for damage, but not necessarily true.” Adding to the confusion is the complex nature of the Napa Valley geology. The 2014 quake broke along various strands of a fault system, as opposed to a single fault line. Funning’s team identified seven places with different types of slip. The \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016GL069428/abstract\">complete study\u003c/a> is published online in the journal, American Geophysical Letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funning says they also observed a “tentative connection” between the surface geology and the earth movement observed. Areas of bedrock seemed to show more movement during the quake, while places with “softer” geology such as sedimentary material, showed more afterslip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So perhaps we could start to look for connections between surface geology and fault behavior,” says Funning. “It’s an intriguing thing that we’re going to follow up on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funning says the 2014 event revealed the West Napa fault to be a “creeping,” fault, one that keeps moving between earthquakes. The Hayward and Calaveras faults, which run up and down the East Bay, have similar characteristics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geologists also look for signs that an earthquake has added stress to surrounding faults, or “loaded” them. Funning says the evidence thus far suggests that the the Napa quake added minor loading to the nearby Rogers Creek fault, slightly increasing the odds of an event on that fault, which slashes diagonally across the North Bay.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/860288/two-years-on-napa-quake-still-serving-up-surprises","authors":["221"],"categories":["science_38","science_40","science_43"],"tags":["science_1864","science_1841"],"featImg":"science_861003","label":"science"},"science_208826":{"type":"posts","id":"science_208826","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"208826","score":null,"sort":[1440378016000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dude-wheres-my-earthquake-warning-system","title":"Dude, Where's My Earthquake Warning System?","publishDate":1440378016,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Dude, Where’s My Earthquake Warning System? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>One year ago, in the pre-dawn hours of a Sunday morning, thousands of people were jounced out of their beds when a magnitude-6 earthquake struck the Napa Valley. The shaking claimed at least one life, injured more than 200, and brought down whole sections of buildings in Napa and Vallejo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/220655309″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years Californians have been hoping for some kind of warning system that would provide even a few seconds to prepare. Japan has it. Mexico has it. But don’t expect to see it in California for a while.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big project,” says Jennifer Strauss. She and her coleagues at UC Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/\">seismology lab \u003c/a>working with several universities, and state and federal agencies on \u003ca href=\"http://www.shakealert.org/\">ShakeAlert\u003c/a>, the prototype system for California’s first statewide warning system for earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the goal of the ShakeAlert project for all of us involved,” says Strauss. “We want it to be just a thing that everybody has in their daily life as part of preparedness and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But two years after state lawmakers passed a law authorizing the project, we are far from that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obstacle 1: Getting the Word Out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The technology is getting here,” she says, “but it’s figuring out how to move beyond the academic exercise of, ‘Is this scientifically possible?’ and moving into the realm of, how do you get an alert to people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s proving to be the bigger challenge. The “Amber alert” model, where it instantly goes to everybody’s cell phone turns out to be more of a technical challenge with earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A nearer-term goal is getting an operational version into hospitals and businesses where even a few seconds notice could save lives, not to mention millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obstacle 2: Money\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building out the system is estimated to cost at least $80 million. That seems like a trivial sum given that a magnitude-6 quake in Napa caused five times that in damage. But Senator Alex Padilla’s bill from 2013 didn’t provide any government funding. Some federal assistance has trickled in, and state officials are looking for private partners to help fund the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, ShakeAlert remains in its beta phase, being tested by selected institutions. A program installed on personal computers includes a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KO3qeqAvLcA\">visual and audio alert\u003c/a> (“Earthquake! Earthquake!”), announces how intense the shaking is likely to be, and provides a countdown in seconds. When the earth moved in the Napa Valley, testers in Berkeley got about ten seconds of warning before the first rumbles arrived. The farther from the epicenter, the more notice it provides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_210836\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS14567_NapaQuake-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-210836\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS14567_NapaQuake-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt='ShakeAlert offered about 10 seconds of warning to testers in the East Bay. Those \"right on top\" of the epicenter would likely have less warning.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS14567_NapaQuake-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS14567_NapaQuake-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS14567_NapaQuake-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS14567_NapaQuake-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS14567_NapaQuake-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS14567_NapaQuake-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">ShakeAlert offered about 10 seconds of warning to testers in the East Bay. Those “right on top” of the epicenter would likely have less warning. \u003ccite>(Erol Kalkan / USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obstacle 3: Accuracy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not perfect. As it stands right now, Strauss says ShakeAlert is about 90 percent accurate — that is about one in ten alerts may be a false alarm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t want an alert going out and have no shaking, as much as you don’t want shaking with no alert,” warns Timothy Strack, who chairs the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.seismic.ca.gov/\">Seismic Safety Commission\u003c/a>, and is on the steering committee for the warning system. He says even 90 percent reliability probably won’t pass muster with policymakers who will need to sign off on the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t have that with an early warning system for earthquake because we need the system to have credibility so if it alerts, it’s coming,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eliminating false alarms is just one of multiple technical challenges yet to be overcome. Strauss says the number of sensors around the state, now numbering about 400, needs to more than double in order to provide a reliable system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California the geography, compounded with where we like to put all our people, makes this very tricky,” says Strauss. “You need very fast telemetry, you need very fast processing speed, you need very fast communications in order to warn people who are sitting directly on top of a fault.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obstacle 4: Bureaucracy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every Californian knows it’s coming, the Big One or “a” big one. They just don’t know when. Nor does anyone seem to know when a workable statewide warning system will be ready for prime time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish I could guess,” says Strack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to take that next step to engaging the public and local government, water districts, to see what they really feel is best for an early warning system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strack says that day when all Californians can have it on their cell phones: we’re no closer to that than when the Napa quake struck, one year ago.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Japan has it. Mexico has it. But as KQED Science Editor Craig Miller reports, don't look for it anytime soon in California.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704931406,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":878},"headData":{"title":"Dude, Where's My Earthquake Warning System? | KQED","description":"Japan has it. Mexico has it. But as KQED Science Editor Craig Miller reports, don't look for it anytime soon in California.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/208826/dude-wheres-my-earthquake-warning-system","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One year ago, in the pre-dawn hours of a Sunday morning, thousands of people were jounced out of their beds when a magnitude-6 earthquake struck the Napa Valley. The shaking claimed at least one life, injured more than 200, and brought down whole sections of buildings in Napa and Vallejo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/220655309″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/220655309″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years Californians have been hoping for some kind of warning system that would provide even a few seconds to prepare. Japan has it. Mexico has it. But don’t expect to see it in California for a while.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big project,” says Jennifer Strauss. She and her coleagues at UC Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/\">seismology lab \u003c/a>working with several universities, and state and federal agencies on \u003ca href=\"http://www.shakealert.org/\">ShakeAlert\u003c/a>, the prototype system for California’s first statewide warning system for earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the goal of the ShakeAlert project for all of us involved,” says Strauss. “We want it to be just a thing that everybody has in their daily life as part of preparedness and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But two years after state lawmakers passed a law authorizing the project, we are far from that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obstacle 1: Getting the Word Out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The technology is getting here,” she says, “but it’s figuring out how to move beyond the academic exercise of, ‘Is this scientifically possible?’ and moving into the realm of, how do you get an alert to people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s proving to be the bigger challenge. The “Amber alert” model, where it instantly goes to everybody’s cell phone turns out to be more of a technical challenge with earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A nearer-term goal is getting an operational version into hospitals and businesses where even a few seconds notice could save lives, not to mention millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obstacle 2: Money\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building out the system is estimated to cost at least $80 million. That seems like a trivial sum given that a magnitude-6 quake in Napa caused five times that in damage. But Senator Alex Padilla’s bill from 2013 didn’t provide any government funding. Some federal assistance has trickled in, and state officials are looking for private partners to help fund the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, ShakeAlert remains in its beta phase, being tested by selected institutions. A program installed on personal computers includes a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KO3qeqAvLcA\">visual and audio alert\u003c/a> (“Earthquake! Earthquake!”), announces how intense the shaking is likely to be, and provides a countdown in seconds. When the earth moved in the Napa Valley, testers in Berkeley got about ten seconds of warning before the first rumbles arrived. The farther from the epicenter, the more notice it provides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_210836\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS14567_NapaQuake-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-210836\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS14567_NapaQuake-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt='ShakeAlert offered about 10 seconds of warning to testers in the East Bay. Those \"right on top\" of the epicenter would likely have less warning.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS14567_NapaQuake-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS14567_NapaQuake-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS14567_NapaQuake-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS14567_NapaQuake-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS14567_NapaQuake-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/08/RS14567_NapaQuake-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">ShakeAlert offered about 10 seconds of warning to testers in the East Bay. Those “right on top” of the epicenter would likely have less warning. \u003ccite>(Erol Kalkan / USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obstacle 3: Accuracy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not perfect. As it stands right now, Strauss says ShakeAlert is about 90 percent accurate — that is about one in ten alerts may be a false alarm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t want an alert going out and have no shaking, as much as you don’t want shaking with no alert,” warns Timothy Strack, who chairs the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.seismic.ca.gov/\">Seismic Safety Commission\u003c/a>, and is on the steering committee for the warning system. He says even 90 percent reliability probably won’t pass muster with policymakers who will need to sign off on the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t have that with an early warning system for earthquake because we need the system to have credibility so if it alerts, it’s coming,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eliminating false alarms is just one of multiple technical challenges yet to be overcome. Strauss says the number of sensors around the state, now numbering about 400, needs to more than double in order to provide a reliable system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California the geography, compounded with where we like to put all our people, makes this very tricky,” says Strauss. “You need very fast telemetry, you need very fast processing speed, you need very fast communications in order to warn people who are sitting directly on top of a fault.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obstacle 4: Bureaucracy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every Californian knows it’s coming, the Big One or “a” big one. They just don’t know when. Nor does anyone seem to know when a workable statewide warning system will be ready for prime time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish I could guess,” says Strack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to take that next step to engaging the public and local government, water districts, to see what they really feel is best for an early warning system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strack says that day when all Californians can have it on their cell phones: we’re no closer to that than when the Napa quake struck, one year ago.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/208826/dude-wheres-my-earthquake-warning-system","authors":["221"],"categories":["science_89","science_38","science_40","science_43"],"tags":["science_2677","science_1841"],"featImg":"science_210834","label":"science"},"science_28387":{"type":"posts","id":"science_28387","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"28387","score":null,"sort":[1426770036000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"after-an-earthquake-use-your-phone-camera-for-science","title":"After an Earthquake, Use Your Phone Camera - For Science","publishDate":1426770036,"format":"aside","headTitle":"After an Earthquake, Use Your Phone Camera – For Science | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28388\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/napa-quake-field.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/napa-quake-field.jpg\" alt=\"Moletrack from fault motion during the Napa earthquake\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28388\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Movement on the West Napa Fault raised this “moletrack” during the 2014 South Napa earthquake. Ordinary people can document earthquake phenomena in ways that help science. (Dan Ponti/USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you live in the Bay area long enough, you’ll experience a large earthquake. When that happens, of course the first priority is to save yourself and check on your neighbors. But new imaging techniques give you ways of using your phone to help scientists learn from the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Napa earthquake of August 24, 2014 was documented by thousands of people around the epicenter, each in their own ways. Images from that day show that most people, naturally, turned their cameras toward broken buildings, fires, injuries and ambulances. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when earthquake scientists entered the epicentral area, their eyes were on the ground. Time is crucial in quake investigations, and much can happen during the hours and days before scientists get around to every interesting spot. Residents have the advantage of being there already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geologists pour into town after a large earthquake. Some are there to assess damages and help plan repairs. Others will be researchers from state and federal agencies. Earth science teachers will bring their classes to the scene, first to help out and second to give students a taste of meaningful fieldwork. Mike Oskin, a UC Davis researcher, was one of those who raced in with his students to study the quake zone after the Napa quake. He says that phone cameras recorded scientifically useful data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you happen to be near evidence of the quake, here’s what to document:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ground offsets:\u003c/strong> Fresh cracks with evidence of motion—up, down or sideways—are valuable clues. Take these photos early and often, Oskin says: “The phenomenon of afterslip, where slow deformation continues after the earthquake, means that getting an observation as soon as possible is desirable, along with additional observations later.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28389\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/napa-road-buckle.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/napa-road-buckle.jpg\" alt=\"Fault disturbance on a Napa street\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28389\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fault-related displacement in a Napa street was captured before repair crews wiped it out. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/matthewkeycs/\">Matthew Keys\u003c/a>/\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/\">CC BY-ND\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upheaval and subsidence:\u003c/strong> Sloping ground, or land near a riverbank, may sink as the ground compacts or moves sideways. Other areas may rise from compressive forces, like the “moletrack” shown at the top of this post. Again, repeated photos can document a history of progressive motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Landslides:\u003c/strong> These can happen from minutes to months after an earthquake, depending on the degree of shaking, recent rainfall and aftershocks. A series of images taken from the same spot can document imperceptible shifts in the land before a slide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sand boils and similar disturbances:\u003c/strong> Eruptions of mud and sand are common after many earthquakes. Recording short videos of these as well as still images may be useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Streamflow:\u003c/strong> A well-known aftereffect of earthquakes is a short-lived surge in water flowing through streams. If you live near a stream, even one that’s dry most of the year, check it often and record any changes in its behavior. Short videos may help in gauging the volume of flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When taking photos, put a familiar object in the shot for a sense of scale. Coins or keys are handy scale objects, but almost anything will do. (Geologists on vacation often use their spouses and children.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you’ve gathered photographic data, it’s important to find a scientist to share it with, the sooner the better. Oskin says, “Early on scientists don’t know where to find the surface rupture, so citizen-scientists can contribute a lot to figuring out what happened. As far as I’m concerned, broadcasting information via social media (Twitter) is perfect for sharing information about surface rupture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists themselves were well served after the Napa quake by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiaeqclearinghouse.org/\">California Earthquake Clearinghouse\u003c/a>, a temporary field center where all sorts of responders could coordinate and share information. So if you give a scientist a tip to something interesting, they will know where to pass it on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most promising advance in this field is that scientists can stitch sets of photos—even your phone-cam shots—into three-dimensional models. This technique is called “structure from motion,” or SfM. Tim Dawson of the California Geological Survey, who coordinated the state’s data collection campaign after the Napa quake, says of SfM that “if people were more aware of it, it would be useful for quick data collection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X12004217\">SfM was introduced to Earth scientists just a few years ago\u003c/a>. It’s like the familiar process of making stereoscopic images, but on steroids. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28390\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/vofstereo.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/vofstereo.jpg\" alt=\"Stereo image from Valley of Fire, Nevada\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28390\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stereo image of a scene from Nevada’s Valley of Fire State Park. To view it, carefully cross your eyes until the two images fuse in a 3D picture. (Andrew Alden) \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In stereoscopy, the brain matches corresponding features in the two images and automatically translates them into a 3D picture. In SfM, a computer matches small details between multiple images and uses them as a framework to assemble the data into a 3D model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make a set of photos for SfM, walk around the feature and take at least a dozen shots. Ensure lots of overlap, be sure to add a scale object, and don’t change the zoom or the camera orientation. The geolocation and EXIF data that most smartphones and cameras attach to photos is very helpful for scientific purposes. Oskin says that his students are refining the technique: “One of our goals is in fact to make this accessible for the public.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone with the presence of mind to look around in the wake of a major quake can contribute to earthquake science. In your hands, a smartphone can become a scientific tool. If this appeals to you, put a portable charger on your emergency preparedness shopping list.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Large earthquakes are in our future. When one strikes, there are ways you can help scientists study the event using your phone.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932115,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":982},"headData":{"title":"After an Earthquake, Use Your Phone Camera - For Science | KQED","description":"Large earthquakes are in our future. When one strikes, there are ways you can help scientists study the event using your phone.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/28387/after-an-earthquake-use-your-phone-camera-for-science","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28388\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/napa-quake-field.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/napa-quake-field.jpg\" alt=\"Moletrack from fault motion during the Napa earthquake\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28388\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Movement on the West Napa Fault raised this “moletrack” during the 2014 South Napa earthquake. Ordinary people can document earthquake phenomena in ways that help science. (Dan Ponti/USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you live in the Bay area long enough, you’ll experience a large earthquake. When that happens, of course the first priority is to save yourself and check on your neighbors. But new imaging techniques give you ways of using your phone to help scientists learn from the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Napa earthquake of August 24, 2014 was documented by thousands of people around the epicenter, each in their own ways. Images from that day show that most people, naturally, turned their cameras toward broken buildings, fires, injuries and ambulances. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when earthquake scientists entered the epicentral area, their eyes were on the ground. Time is crucial in quake investigations, and much can happen during the hours and days before scientists get around to every interesting spot. Residents have the advantage of being there already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geologists pour into town after a large earthquake. Some are there to assess damages and help plan repairs. Others will be researchers from state and federal agencies. Earth science teachers will bring their classes to the scene, first to help out and second to give students a taste of meaningful fieldwork. Mike Oskin, a UC Davis researcher, was one of those who raced in with his students to study the quake zone after the Napa quake. He says that phone cameras recorded scientifically useful data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you happen to be near evidence of the quake, here’s what to document:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ground offsets:\u003c/strong> Fresh cracks with evidence of motion—up, down or sideways—are valuable clues. Take these photos early and often, Oskin says: “The phenomenon of afterslip, where slow deformation continues after the earthquake, means that getting an observation as soon as possible is desirable, along with additional observations later.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28389\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/napa-road-buckle.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/napa-road-buckle.jpg\" alt=\"Fault disturbance on a Napa street\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28389\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fault-related displacement in a Napa street was captured before repair crews wiped it out. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/matthewkeycs/\">Matthew Keys\u003c/a>/\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/\">CC BY-ND\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upheaval and subsidence:\u003c/strong> Sloping ground, or land near a riverbank, may sink as the ground compacts or moves sideways. Other areas may rise from compressive forces, like the “moletrack” shown at the top of this post. Again, repeated photos can document a history of progressive motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Landslides:\u003c/strong> These can happen from minutes to months after an earthquake, depending on the degree of shaking, recent rainfall and aftershocks. A series of images taken from the same spot can document imperceptible shifts in the land before a slide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sand boils and similar disturbances:\u003c/strong> Eruptions of mud and sand are common after many earthquakes. Recording short videos of these as well as still images may be useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Streamflow:\u003c/strong> A well-known aftereffect of earthquakes is a short-lived surge in water flowing through streams. If you live near a stream, even one that’s dry most of the year, check it often and record any changes in its behavior. Short videos may help in gauging the volume of flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When taking photos, put a familiar object in the shot for a sense of scale. Coins or keys are handy scale objects, but almost anything will do. (Geologists on vacation often use their spouses and children.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you’ve gathered photographic data, it’s important to find a scientist to share it with, the sooner the better. Oskin says, “Early on scientists don’t know where to find the surface rupture, so citizen-scientists can contribute a lot to figuring out what happened. As far as I’m concerned, broadcasting information via social media (Twitter) is perfect for sharing information about surface rupture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists themselves were well served after the Napa quake by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiaeqclearinghouse.org/\">California Earthquake Clearinghouse\u003c/a>, a temporary field center where all sorts of responders could coordinate and share information. So if you give a scientist a tip to something interesting, they will know where to pass it on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most promising advance in this field is that scientists can stitch sets of photos—even your phone-cam shots—into three-dimensional models. This technique is called “structure from motion,” or SfM. Tim Dawson of the California Geological Survey, who coordinated the state’s data collection campaign after the Napa quake, says of SfM that “if people were more aware of it, it would be useful for quick data collection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X12004217\">SfM was introduced to Earth scientists just a few years ago\u003c/a>. It’s like the familiar process of making stereoscopic images, but on steroids. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28390\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/vofstereo.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/vofstereo.jpg\" alt=\"Stereo image from Valley of Fire, Nevada\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28390\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stereo image of a scene from Nevada’s Valley of Fire State Park. To view it, carefully cross your eyes until the two images fuse in a 3D picture. (Andrew Alden) \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In stereoscopy, the brain matches corresponding features in the two images and automatically translates them into a 3D picture. In SfM, a computer matches small details between multiple images and uses them as a framework to assemble the data into a 3D model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make a set of photos for SfM, walk around the feature and take at least a dozen shots. Ensure lots of overlap, be sure to add a scale object, and don’t change the zoom or the camera orientation. The geolocation and EXIF data that most smartphones and cameras attach to photos is very helpful for scientific purposes. Oskin says that his students are refining the technique: “One of our goals is in fact to make this accessible for the public.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone with the presence of mind to look around in the wake of a major quake can contribute to earthquake science. In your hands, a smartphone can become a scientific tool. If this appeals to you, put a portable charger on your emergency preparedness shopping list.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/28387/after-an-earthquake-use-your-phone-camera-for-science","authors":["6228"],"categories":["science_38"],"tags":["science_123","science_1888","science_427","science_1841"],"featImg":"science_28388","label":"science"},"science_27848":{"type":"posts","id":"science_27848","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"27848","score":null,"sort":[1425436478000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"study-napa-quake-should-spur-retrofits-to-older-buildings","title":"Study: Napa Quake Should Spur Retrofits to Older Buildings","publishDate":1425436478,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Study: Napa Quake Should Spur Retrofits to Older Buildings | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27859\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Erol-Kalkan-2A1-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-27859\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Erol-Kalkan-2A1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"After the Napa quake, structural engineers more than 1,800 thousand damaged buildings for prohibited or restricted access. (Photo: Erol Kalkan/USGS)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After the Napa quake, structural engineers tagged more than 1,800 damaged buildings for prohibited or restricted access. (Photo: Erol Kalkan/USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A review of damage from last August’s South Napa Earthquake confirms at least one piece of conventional wisdom: seismic retrofitting older buildings is a good idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message is driven home in a new report from the U.S. Geological Survey, which shows many of the structures damaged by last summer’s quake were built before 1950.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca title=\"Wiki - post\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_South_Napa_earthquake\">magnitude-6 quake\u003c/a> was the Bay Area’s worst since 1989, injuring about 200 people. Afterward engineers barred access to 165 buildings with red tags and placed limited-access yellow-tag restrictions on 1,707 others, many of older construction. Geophysicist Jack Boatwright says it should serve as a warning to reinforce such buildings, but he worries that not enough people are listening: “I guess we’ve got to put on the witch-doctor mask and do the boogaloo,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retrofitting the foundation on an older house might cost a few thousand dollars, and save 100 times that amount whenever the next earthquake hits, Boatwright says. He also found that much of the damage in Napa centered over a sedimentary basin – a kind of geologic jelly bowl that can amplify movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It actually traps the energy,” he said. “Somebody in downtown Napa’s experience of how long the shaking went on would’ve been 10, 15, maybe 20 seconds more than somebody who was up on the hill outside of Napa,” on hard rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boatwright’s findings come among six reports on last year’s quake published in the March/April issue of Seismological Research Letters, edited by Erol Kalkan, a USGS research structural engineer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalkan explained that older structures made of unreinforced brick or stone are built to handle the vertical force of gravity pushing down on them, but the Napa quake subjected them to side-to-side jostling with nearly two-thirds that same force. It’s these sideways forces that collapse walls, he said, emphasizing that beams and columns should be fitted with earthquake-resistant connections to a home’s foundation. Older chimneys also proved vulnerable, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalkan says that before last year, the West Napa Fault was recognized but not well understood compared to the larger Hayward and San Andreas faults. Notably, the earthquake last August produced an unusually large \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/02/napa-quake-forces-redrawing-of-fault-maps/\">surface rupture\u003c/a>, which researchers traced for nearly eight miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to the matter of when \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/12/19/next-napa-quake-could-be-bigger-stronger/\">another earthquake\u003c/a> might strike, such questions are “really hard to address scientifically,” Boatwright says, but he notes that in California, moderate to larger earthquakes “tend to cluster.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Bay Area's worst shaker in 25 years revealed -- once again -- where the vulnerabilities are.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932193,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":476},"headData":{"title":"Study: Napa Quake Should Spur Retrofits to Older Buildings | KQED","description":"The Bay Area's worst shaker in 25 years revealed -- once again -- where the vulnerabilities are.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/27848/study-napa-quake-should-spur-retrofits-to-older-buildings","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27859\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Erol-Kalkan-2A1-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-27859\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/03/Erol-Kalkan-2A1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"After the Napa quake, structural engineers more than 1,800 thousand damaged buildings for prohibited or restricted access. (Photo: Erol Kalkan/USGS)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After the Napa quake, structural engineers tagged more than 1,800 damaged buildings for prohibited or restricted access. (Photo: Erol Kalkan/USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A review of damage from last August’s South Napa Earthquake confirms at least one piece of conventional wisdom: seismic retrofitting older buildings is a good idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message is driven home in a new report from the U.S. Geological Survey, which shows many of the structures damaged by last summer’s quake were built before 1950.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca title=\"Wiki - post\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_South_Napa_earthquake\">magnitude-6 quake\u003c/a> was the Bay Area’s worst since 1989, injuring about 200 people. Afterward engineers barred access to 165 buildings with red tags and placed limited-access yellow-tag restrictions on 1,707 others, many of older construction. Geophysicist Jack Boatwright says it should serve as a warning to reinforce such buildings, but he worries that not enough people are listening: “I guess we’ve got to put on the witch-doctor mask and do the boogaloo,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retrofitting the foundation on an older house might cost a few thousand dollars, and save 100 times that amount whenever the next earthquake hits, Boatwright says. He also found that much of the damage in Napa centered over a sedimentary basin – a kind of geologic jelly bowl that can amplify movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It actually traps the energy,” he said. “Somebody in downtown Napa’s experience of how long the shaking went on would’ve been 10, 15, maybe 20 seconds more than somebody who was up on the hill outside of Napa,” on hard rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boatwright’s findings come among six reports on last year’s quake published in the March/April issue of Seismological Research Letters, edited by Erol Kalkan, a USGS research structural engineer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalkan explained that older structures made of unreinforced brick or stone are built to handle the vertical force of gravity pushing down on them, but the Napa quake subjected them to side-to-side jostling with nearly two-thirds that same force. It’s these sideways forces that collapse walls, he said, emphasizing that beams and columns should be fitted with earthquake-resistant connections to a home’s foundation. Older chimneys also proved vulnerable, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalkan says that before last year, the West Napa Fault was recognized but not well understood compared to the larger Hayward and San Andreas faults. Notably, the earthquake last August produced an unusually large \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/02/napa-quake-forces-redrawing-of-fault-maps/\">surface rupture\u003c/a>, which researchers traced for nearly eight miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to the matter of when \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/12/19/next-napa-quake-could-be-bigger-stronger/\">another earthquake\u003c/a> might strike, such questions are “really hard to address scientifically,” Boatwright says, but he notes that in California, moderate to larger earthquakes “tend to cluster.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/27848/study-napa-quake-should-spur-retrofits-to-older-buildings","authors":["6609"],"categories":["science_38","science_40"],"tags":["science_64","science_1841"],"featImg":"science_27859","label":"science"},"science_25462":{"type":"posts","id":"science_25462","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"25462","score":null,"sort":[1419602436000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kqed-sciences-top-five-stories-of-2014","title":"KQED Science's Top Five Stories of 2014","publishDate":1419602436,"format":"aside","headTitle":"KQED Science’s Top Five Stories of 2014 | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25487\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Year-end-stories.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25487 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Year-end-stories.jpg\" alt=\"Year end stories\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Josh Cassidy, Jeremy Raff, Josh Edelson, Scott Taylor)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year, our reporters and producers \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/12/02/the-hidden-perils-of-permafrost/\">exposed themselves to freezing temperatures\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/how-to-fly-a-model-helicopter-with-your-brain-and-other-adventures-in-eeg-gaming/\">flew a helicopter with brain waves\u003c/a> and visited \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/for-san-francisco-bone-collector-skulls-are-a-lifelong-love-affair/\">a bone collector’s basement\u003c/a> to bring you a diverse array of science stories. We launched \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook\">Deep Look\u003c/a> (a new \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios\">PBS Digital Studios\u003c/a> video series), won some top awards and created our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/california-drought-watch/\">Drought Watch\u003c/a> page to chronicle water scarcity in the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are the top stories (based on the number of views) that you enjoyed in 2014:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/shakealertgrab-e1408910332386.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-20940\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/shakealertgrab-e1408910332386.jpg\" alt=\"Screengrab from UC Berkeley ShakeAlert video. \" width=\"722\" height=\"491\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/08/24/uc-berkeley-early-warning-system-predicted-south-napa-earthquake/\">UC Berkeley System Gave Early Warning of South Napa Earthquake\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a magnitude 6.0 earthquake struck Napa Valley on August 24, scientists at UC Berkeley and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) saw their early warning system in action. ShakeAlert at UC Berkeley detected the quake five seconds before it struck. In December \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/12/16/california-gets-5-million-for-earthquake-early-warning-system\">Congress set aside $5 million\u003c/a> for the system; the USGS still needs $11 million to fully fund the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25493\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Galls-Marquee-2-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25493 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Galls-Marquee-2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Galls-Marquee-2\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/11/18/what-gall-the-crazy-cribs-of-parasitic-wasps/\">What Gall! The Crazy Cribs of Parasitic Wasps\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our third \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook\">Deep Look\u003c/a> episode, we investigated “oak apples,” the strange galls that grow on oak trees and house larvae for insects like parasitic wasps. When creatures like \u003ca href=\"http://leftcoastnatty.blogspot.com/2010/09/oak-gall-wasps-cynipids.html\">Cynipids\u003c/a> introduce chemicals to a tree, the plant’s hormones go into overdrive and create growths of varying sizes and colors. It’s a bizarre process and it’s not surprising people wanted to see how these alien-looking structures form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25495\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/lunar-eclipse-1024x731.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25495 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/lunar-eclipse-1024x731.jpg\" alt=\"041027-N-9500T-001\" width=\"1024\" height=\"731\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Scott Taylor/U.S. Navy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>3. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/03/set-your-alarm-for-the-early-morning-total-lunar-eclipse-on-october-8/\">Set Your Alarm for the Early Morning Total Lunar Eclipse on October 8\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total lunar eclipse on October 8 started at 1 AM and was visible from North America, Australia, western South America and parts of East Asia. If you missed it, not to worry — the eclipse was part of a tetrad of lunar eclipses, with the next two scheduled to occur in April and September of next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25506\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/martins-beach-access-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-25506\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/martins-beach-access-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"(Jeremy Raff/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Jeremy Raff/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>2. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/silicon-valley-billionaire-battles-surfers-over-beach-access/\">Silicon Valley Billionaire Battles Surfers Over Beach Access\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle over Martins Beach, three miles south of Half Moon Bay, began when Silicon Valley billionaire Vinod Khosla blocked public access to the area. Surfers had used the access road to the beach for decades, but after Khosla bought the property, the venture capitalist posted a no-trespassing sign. Four lawsuits were filed, and in October a San Mateo County Superior Court judge \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/24/martins-beach-ruling-superior-court-judge/\">ruled that the venture capitalist needs a coastal development permit\u003c/a> in order to close the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25515\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/pygmy-seahorses.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25515 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/pygmy-seahorses.jpg\" alt=\"pygmy seahorses\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>1. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/21/pygmy-seahorses-masters-of-camouflage/\">Pygmy Seahorses: Masters of Camouflage\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our pilot episode of Deep Look was our most popular piece by far with more than 100,00 YouTube views. It tells the story of how baby seahorses attach to vibrant corals, and take on their colors to become nearly invisible. Biologists at the California Academy of Sciences have successfully bred the seahorses in captivity for the first time. In this video we see the seahorses’ amazing act of camouflage and ask the question — what is identity?\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"From the launch of our original web video series Deep Look to our stories over the science of schizophrenia and the politics of water — it's been another year of diverse storytelling from the KQED Science team. Here's a round-up of our top 5 stories (based on page views) that you enjoyed in 2014.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932472,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":517},"headData":{"title":"KQED Science's Top Five Stories of 2014 | KQED","description":"From the launch of our original web video series Deep Look to our stories over the science of schizophrenia and the politics of water — it's been another year of diverse storytelling from the KQED Science team. Here's a round-up of our top 5 stories (based on page views) that you enjoyed in 2014.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/25462/kqed-sciences-top-five-stories-of-2014","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25487\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Year-end-stories.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25487 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Year-end-stories.jpg\" alt=\"Year end stories\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Josh Cassidy, Jeremy Raff, Josh Edelson, Scott Taylor)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year, our reporters and producers \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/12/02/the-hidden-perils-of-permafrost/\">exposed themselves to freezing temperatures\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/how-to-fly-a-model-helicopter-with-your-brain-and-other-adventures-in-eeg-gaming/\">flew a helicopter with brain waves\u003c/a> and visited \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/for-san-francisco-bone-collector-skulls-are-a-lifelong-love-affair/\">a bone collector’s basement\u003c/a> to bring you a diverse array of science stories. We launched \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook\">Deep Look\u003c/a> (a new \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios\">PBS Digital Studios\u003c/a> video series), won some top awards and created our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/california-drought-watch/\">Drought Watch\u003c/a> page to chronicle water scarcity in the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are the top stories (based on the number of views) that you enjoyed in 2014:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/shakealertgrab-e1408910332386.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-20940\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/shakealertgrab-e1408910332386.jpg\" alt=\"Screengrab from UC Berkeley ShakeAlert video. \" width=\"722\" height=\"491\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/08/24/uc-berkeley-early-warning-system-predicted-south-napa-earthquake/\">UC Berkeley System Gave Early Warning of South Napa Earthquake\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a magnitude 6.0 earthquake struck Napa Valley on August 24, scientists at UC Berkeley and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) saw their early warning system in action. ShakeAlert at UC Berkeley detected the quake five seconds before it struck. In December \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/12/16/california-gets-5-million-for-earthquake-early-warning-system\">Congress set aside $5 million\u003c/a> for the system; the USGS still needs $11 million to fully fund the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25493\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Galls-Marquee-2-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25493 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Galls-Marquee-2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Galls-Marquee-2\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/11/18/what-gall-the-crazy-cribs-of-parasitic-wasps/\">What Gall! The Crazy Cribs of Parasitic Wasps\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our third \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook\">Deep Look\u003c/a> episode, we investigated “oak apples,” the strange galls that grow on oak trees and house larvae for insects like parasitic wasps. When creatures like \u003ca href=\"http://leftcoastnatty.blogspot.com/2010/09/oak-gall-wasps-cynipids.html\">Cynipids\u003c/a> introduce chemicals to a tree, the plant’s hormones go into overdrive and create growths of varying sizes and colors. It’s a bizarre process and it’s not surprising people wanted to see how these alien-looking structures form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25495\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/lunar-eclipse-1024x731.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25495 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/lunar-eclipse-1024x731.jpg\" alt=\"041027-N-9500T-001\" width=\"1024\" height=\"731\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Scott Taylor/U.S. Navy)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>3. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/03/set-your-alarm-for-the-early-morning-total-lunar-eclipse-on-october-8/\">Set Your Alarm for the Early Morning Total Lunar Eclipse on October 8\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total lunar eclipse on October 8 started at 1 AM and was visible from North America, Australia, western South America and parts of East Asia. If you missed it, not to worry — the eclipse was part of a tetrad of lunar eclipses, with the next two scheduled to occur in April and September of next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25506\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/martins-beach-access-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-25506\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/martins-beach-access-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"(Jeremy Raff/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Jeremy Raff/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>2. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/silicon-valley-billionaire-battles-surfers-over-beach-access/\">Silicon Valley Billionaire Battles Surfers Over Beach Access\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle over Martins Beach, three miles south of Half Moon Bay, began when Silicon Valley billionaire Vinod Khosla blocked public access to the area. Surfers had used the access road to the beach for decades, but after Khosla bought the property, the venture capitalist posted a no-trespassing sign. Four lawsuits were filed, and in October a San Mateo County Superior Court judge \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/24/martins-beach-ruling-superior-court-judge/\">ruled that the venture capitalist needs a coastal development permit\u003c/a> in order to close the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25515\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/pygmy-seahorses.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25515 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/pygmy-seahorses.jpg\" alt=\"pygmy seahorses\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>1. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/21/pygmy-seahorses-masters-of-camouflage/\">Pygmy Seahorses: Masters of Camouflage\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our pilot episode of Deep Look was our most popular piece by far with more than 100,00 YouTube views. It tells the story of how baby seahorses attach to vibrant corals, and take on their colors to become nearly invisible. Biologists at the California Academy of Sciences have successfully bred the seahorses in captivity for the first time. In this video we see the seahorses’ amazing act of camouflage and ask the question — what is identity?\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/25462/kqed-sciences-top-five-stories-of-2014","authors":["5432"],"categories":["science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_64","science_1927","science_1159","science_1841","science_577"],"featImg":"science_25487","label":"science"},"science_25305":{"type":"posts","id":"science_25305","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"25305","score":null,"sort":[1419026289000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"next-napa-quake-could-be-bigger-stronger","title":"Next Napa Quake Could Be Bigger, Stronger","publishDate":1419026289,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Next Napa Quake Could Be Bigger, Stronger | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25307\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Napa_quake-e1418960288287.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25307\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Napa_quake-e1418960288287.jpg\" alt=\"Dan Kavarian, chief building official with the City of Napa, surveys a building that was damaged by a 6.0 earthquake on August 24, 2014 in Napa, California. (Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dan Kavarian, chief building official with the City of Napa, surveys a building that was damaged by a 6.0 earthquake on August 24 in Napa, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Recent studies of the \u003ca href=\"http://comcat.cr.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc72282711#summary\">magnitude 6.0 Napa quake\u003c/a> in August suggest that the fault is longer and thus more powerful than previously thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main strand of the West Napa Fault Zone was initially thought to span 25 miles, from Benicia north toward St. Helena. But \u003ca href=\"http://ucdavis.edu/\">U.C. Davis\u003c/a> scientists who have scrutinized the local geology in the wake of the August temblor, say that the fault is 45 miles long, reaching nearly to Calistoga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means more potential slippage, which could mean bigger earthquakes, according to U.C. Davis geology professor \u003ca href=\"http://mygeologypage.ucdavis.edu/oskin/\">Mike Oskin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘A magnitude 7.0 would be much more destructive because it would hit the entire wine industry.’\u003ccite>–Mike Oskin,U.C. Davis geology professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Napa Valley and its surroundings shouldn’t be complacent,” said Oskin. “A magnitude 7.0 would be much more destructive because it would hit the entire wine industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, scientists have called the August quake an “overachieving 6.0,” in terms of the damage it caused and the extent of ruptures at the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oskin and his class mapped the Northern stem of the West Napa Valley Fault, which hadn’t been documented as active. There had been no Napa Valley surface rupture in recorded history prior to 2014; surface ruptures are a direct confirmation that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/09/quake-revived-streams-could-keep-flowing-for-a-while/\">the fault is active\u003c/a>, according to Oskin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The professor also noticed a line of deformed young gravel deposits along the West side of Napa Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We noticed the folding of river gravel,” Oskin said. “River valleys are flat so when you see a linear scar that’s an indication that the fault is active.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stretching from Benicia north, this young newly overturned rock suggested the fault is active and contiguous up to Calistoga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25378\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Napa-map-e1419027585710.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25378\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Napa-map-e1419027585710.jpg\" alt=\"The West Napa Valley Fault, including a newly mapped section near Calistoga created by U.C. Davis geology professor Mike Oskin and his class. (Mike Oskin)\" width=\"250\" height=\"327\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The West Napa Valley Fault, including a newly mapped section near Calistoga created by U.C. Davis geology professor Mike Oskin and his class. (Mike Oskin)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we did was continue mapping that fault,” said U.C. Davis geologist Chad Trexler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We extended that map all the way north to Calistoga, and when we realized it was all on one continuous structure, we started to think about what would happen if the whole fault ruptured in a single earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s potentially ugly. Trexler says the fault could produce a magnitude 7.0 quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/finding-faults-scientists-close-in-on-napa-quake-origins/\">South Napa quake\u003c/a> struck in August it was the strongest to hit the Bay Area in 25 years. About 200 people were injured and it caused hundreds of millions of dollars in damage to wineries and historic buildings downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/\">U.S. Geological Survey \u003c/a>revealed this week that the fault is still moving, showing persistent “afterslip,” as it’s known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, they called it “the fastest-moving fault in the world,” with the potential to slip another 2 to 6 inches over the next few years. Scientist say, however, that the afterslip doesn’t necessarily portend another imminent earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re very far from predicting an earthquake but we’re closer to knowing where they are likely to occur,” said Oskin. “Ideally we’ll get to something more like forecasting the weather in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oskin added a caveat saying even weather predictions aren’t foolproof.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"New research indicates the fault that triggered the August quake is 20 miles longer than scientists realized, which could produce more powerful earthquakes in the future.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932488,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":608},"headData":{"title":"Next Napa Quake Could Be Bigger, Stronger | KQED","description":"New research indicates the fault that triggered the August quake is 20 miles longer than scientists realized, which could produce more powerful earthquakes in the future.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/25305/next-napa-quake-could-be-bigger-stronger","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25307\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Napa_quake-e1418960288287.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25307\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Napa_quake-e1418960288287.jpg\" alt=\"Dan Kavarian, chief building official with the City of Napa, surveys a building that was damaged by a 6.0 earthquake on August 24, 2014 in Napa, California. (Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dan Kavarian, chief building official with the City of Napa, surveys a building that was damaged by a 6.0 earthquake on August 24 in Napa, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Recent studies of the \u003ca href=\"http://comcat.cr.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc72282711#summary\">magnitude 6.0 Napa quake\u003c/a> in August suggest that the fault is longer and thus more powerful than previously thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main strand of the West Napa Fault Zone was initially thought to span 25 miles, from Benicia north toward St. Helena. But \u003ca href=\"http://ucdavis.edu/\">U.C. Davis\u003c/a> scientists who have scrutinized the local geology in the wake of the August temblor, say that the fault is 45 miles long, reaching nearly to Calistoga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means more potential slippage, which could mean bigger earthquakes, according to U.C. Davis geology professor \u003ca href=\"http://mygeologypage.ucdavis.edu/oskin/\">Mike Oskin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘A magnitude 7.0 would be much more destructive because it would hit the entire wine industry.’\u003ccite>–Mike Oskin,U.C. Davis geology professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Napa Valley and its surroundings shouldn’t be complacent,” said Oskin. “A magnitude 7.0 would be much more destructive because it would hit the entire wine industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, scientists have called the August quake an “overachieving 6.0,” in terms of the damage it caused and the extent of ruptures at the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oskin and his class mapped the Northern stem of the West Napa Valley Fault, which hadn’t been documented as active. There had been no Napa Valley surface rupture in recorded history prior to 2014; surface ruptures are a direct confirmation that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/09/quake-revived-streams-could-keep-flowing-for-a-while/\">the fault is active\u003c/a>, according to Oskin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The professor also noticed a line of deformed young gravel deposits along the West side of Napa Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We noticed the folding of river gravel,” Oskin said. “River valleys are flat so when you see a linear scar that’s an indication that the fault is active.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stretching from Benicia north, this young newly overturned rock suggested the fault is active and contiguous up to Calistoga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25378\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Napa-map-e1419027585710.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-25378\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/12/Napa-map-e1419027585710.jpg\" alt=\"The West Napa Valley Fault, including a newly mapped section near Calistoga created by U.C. Davis geology professor Mike Oskin and his class. (Mike Oskin)\" width=\"250\" height=\"327\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The West Napa Valley Fault, including a newly mapped section near Calistoga created by U.C. Davis geology professor Mike Oskin and his class. (Mike Oskin)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we did was continue mapping that fault,” said U.C. Davis geologist Chad Trexler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We extended that map all the way north to Calistoga, and when we realized it was all on one continuous structure, we started to think about what would happen if the whole fault ruptured in a single earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s potentially ugly. Trexler says the fault could produce a magnitude 7.0 quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/finding-faults-scientists-close-in-on-napa-quake-origins/\">South Napa quake\u003c/a> struck in August it was the strongest to hit the Bay Area in 25 years. About 200 people were injured and it caused hundreds of millions of dollars in damage to wineries and historic buildings downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/\">U.S. Geological Survey \u003c/a>revealed this week that the fault is still moving, showing persistent “afterslip,” as it’s known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, they called it “the fastest-moving fault in the world,” with the potential to slip another 2 to 6 inches over the next few years. Scientist say, however, that the afterslip doesn’t necessarily portend another imminent earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re very far from predicting an earthquake but we’re closer to knowing where they are likely to occur,” said Oskin. “Ideally we’ll get to something more like forecasting the weather in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oskin added a caveat saying even weather predictions aren’t foolproof.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/25305/next-napa-quake-could-be-bigger-stronger","authors":["5432"],"categories":["science_35","science_38","science_40"],"tags":["science_218","science_1841"],"featImg":"science_25307","label":"science"},"science_21762":{"type":"posts","id":"science_21762","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"21762","score":null,"sort":[1411390827000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"finding-faults-scientists-close-in-on-napa-quake-origins","title":"Finding Faults: Scientists Close in on Napa Quake Origins","publishDate":1411390827,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Finding Faults: Scientists Close in on Napa Quake Origins | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/09/20140922science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21776\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/IMG_2163-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-21776\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/IMG_2163-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"USGS Geologist David Schwartz identifies surface cracks in the west Napa Valley that show lateral slip, a clue to the location of faults that caused the magnitude-6 South Napa Earthquake on August 24, 2014.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">USGS geologist David Schwartz identifies which surface cracks in the west Napa Valley offer clues to the location of faults that caused the magnitude-6 South Napa Earthquake on August 24. Schwartz says this buckling of a driveway is from ground shaking, not a direct indicator of the fault’s location. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It took less than 20 seconds to shake apart historic buildings and topple chimneys from Vallejo to St. Helena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But throughout the Napa Valley, the August 24th \u003ca title=\"Q - NewsFix - SNQ\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/south-napa-earthquake-photos/\">South Napa Earthquake\u003c/a> left its calling cards — not just the startling damage in downtown Napa but subtle traces on the ground itself: clues to what actually happened deep below the surface. In fact, geologists now say that the South Napa quake created more surface fractures than any known quake of its size in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeks after the magnitude-6.0 shaker, a new picture is emerging of the complex geology underneath. The quake is literally \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/02/napa-quake-forces-redrawing-of-fault-maps/\">re-drawing the fault maps\u003c/a> and providing valuable clues to the next major seismic event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an incredible laboratory,” says geologist David Schwartz, scrutinizing some buckled pavement in a driveway along Dry Creek Road, west of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We develop models and theories based on limited information,” he says, “so we when we have an earthquake that produces the kind of information that this one has, it’s just a great opportunity to learn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there’s still a lot to learn about the West Napa Fault Zone, a jumble of faults that runs from near Vallejo, for at least 20 miles up the west side of the Napa Valley. It \u003ci>had \u003c/i>been deceptively quiet, except for a 5-point quake in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early deconstructions of the South Napa quake indicate that it broke about 6 miles deep, upward and to the northwest, along unnamed strands of the West Napa Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21803\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/FaultMap_SNQ_USGS_800.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21803\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/FaultMap_SNQ_USGS_800.jpg\" alt=\"Orange lines show where surface clues reveal the likely source faults for the South Napa Earthquake. Some areas reveal up to about 18 inches of lateral displacement. (USGS)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1325\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orange lines show where surface clues reveal the likely source faults for the South Napa Earthquake. Some areas reveal up to about 18 inches of lateral displacement. (USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Schwartz has been crisscrossing the valley for the U.S. Geological Survey, studying cracks in roads and driveways for evidence of lateral movement, or side-slip, where it’s clear that one side of the crack moved north and the other south, even if just a few centimeters — just like the jagged fissure that cuts through a west-side subdivision in Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathy Ortiz remembers riding out the quake, the biggest that she can recall from her 65 years in Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was unbelievable,” she recalled, days afterward. “My brain is still trying to take it all in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ortiz had no clue until daylight appeared that the quake had left a crack running completely across her street and under the homes on either side — a subtle displacement that geologists say mirrors the grinding along the strike-slip fault that broke right under her house. It turns out that Ortiz lives in the Brown’s Valley section of the West Napa Fault Zone, an area that had never been fully mapped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In the video below, Schwartz explains why this narrow crack in a suburban street is a clue to the fault’s location beneath.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_fotvoGnF0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The faults in this part of Napa Valley had been mapped as old faults, faults that may have moved in the last 130,000 years or 1.6 million years,” Schwartz explained. “But they weren’t mapped as ‘Holocene,’ or active.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s about to change. But it’s not like Jules Verne’s “underground” classic, \u003ca title=\"YouTube - Journey trailer\" href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WF8Bf1d_crk\">Journey to the Center of the Earth\u003c/a>. Explorers can drop submersibles tens of thousands of feet to the ocean floor but there is no staircase through the Earth’s crust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The crust is complex,” Schwartz says. “And each one of these earthquakes gives us a little bit more insight into how it works, but we’ve got a long way to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, a combination of ground sleuthing and \u003ca title=\"Wiki - interferometry\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferometry\">interferometry\u003c/a>, which measures changes in the landscape from satellite data and precise radar measurements from NASA aircraft, have allowed scientists to track the Napa quake’s suspect fault for at least 7 miles beyond where it was mapped before. Ultimately, the re-mapping of these faults will likely mean some changes in the seismic zoning of the Napa Valley, and some reconsideration of what can be built, where.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21774\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/IMG_2157-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-21774\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/IMG_2157-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"UC Riverside geophysicist Gareth Funning uses high-precision GPS antennae and benchmarks placed by the National Geodetic Survey to track ground movements in the Napa Valley. This marker is near Highway 29 in Yountville.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Riverside geophysicist Gareth Funning uses high-precision GPS antennae and benchmarks placed by the National Geodetic Survey to track ground movements in the Napa Valley. This marker is near Highway 29 in Yountville. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Gareth Funning, the quake was like hitting the lottery. The geophysicist from UC Riverside had already been running a long-term study of ground movement in the valley when the earth moved. His network of precise GPS antennas will help create a model of the seismic events (literally) underlying the quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were up north measuring more things like this around Clear Lake when the earthquake happened,” Funning recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his graduate assistant, Jerlyn Swiatlowski, hightailed it down to Napa to take fresh readings, tracking the movement of \u003ca title=\"Wiki - post\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survey_marker\">markers\u003c/a> placed in the ground years ago as part of the \u003ca title=\"NOAA - Geodetic Survey\" href=\"http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/\">National Geodetic Survey\u003c/a>. Very precise GPS antennae — accurate to about 2 millimeters — placed over each marker, show that some of them moved up to 10 inches with the August 24th temblor. Funning says he’s using the data to model the underpinnings of the Napa quake and its ripple effects on the local geology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those models allow us to then calculate the effect of this earthquake on all the other faults around this area,” Funning says, “and whether the stresses on them have changed as a result of this earthquake happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funning says it does appear that neighboring faults from Fairfield to Petaluma were “loaded” with some additional stress by this quake, which could increase the chances of them slipping. The Rodgers Creek fault, which slices from the Bay to Santa Rosa, has the potential for a magnitude-7 quake — bigger than the Loma Prieta quake that hit the Bay Area in 1989.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to know whether an earthquake on another fault has become more likely because of this one,” Funning says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month after the quake, scientists are already gaining a better sense of the seismic potential underneath the wine country — but the picture is still coming together, and it’s hard to know exactly what it portends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes we see sequences of earthquakes over a period of decades and maybe that’s what’ll happen here,” Schwartz says. “We don’t know. But it should heighten the earthquake sensibilities of everyone in the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The South Napa Earthquake revealed how much we've yet to learn about seismic faults in the Napa Valley.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932899,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1196},"headData":{"title":"Finding Faults: Scientists Close in on Napa Quake Origins | KQED","description":"The South Napa Earthquake revealed how much we've yet to learn about seismic faults in the Napa Valley.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/09/20140922science.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/21762/finding-faults-scientists-close-in-on-napa-quake-origins","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audioLink","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/09/20140922science.mp3"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21776\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/IMG_2163-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-21776\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/IMG_2163-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"USGS Geologist David Schwartz identifies surface cracks in the west Napa Valley that show lateral slip, a clue to the location of faults that caused the magnitude-6 South Napa Earthquake on August 24, 2014.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">USGS geologist David Schwartz identifies which surface cracks in the west Napa Valley offer clues to the location of faults that caused the magnitude-6 South Napa Earthquake on August 24. Schwartz says this buckling of a driveway is from ground shaking, not a direct indicator of the fault’s location. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It took less than 20 seconds to shake apart historic buildings and topple chimneys from Vallejo to St. Helena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But throughout the Napa Valley, the August 24th \u003ca title=\"Q - NewsFix - SNQ\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/south-napa-earthquake-photos/\">South Napa Earthquake\u003c/a> left its calling cards — not just the startling damage in downtown Napa but subtle traces on the ground itself: clues to what actually happened deep below the surface. In fact, geologists now say that the South Napa quake created more surface fractures than any known quake of its size in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeks after the magnitude-6.0 shaker, a new picture is emerging of the complex geology underneath. The quake is literally \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/02/napa-quake-forces-redrawing-of-fault-maps/\">re-drawing the fault maps\u003c/a> and providing valuable clues to the next major seismic event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an incredible laboratory,” says geologist David Schwartz, scrutinizing some buckled pavement in a driveway along Dry Creek Road, west of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We develop models and theories based on limited information,” he says, “so we when we have an earthquake that produces the kind of information that this one has, it’s just a great opportunity to learn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there’s still a lot to learn about the West Napa Fault Zone, a jumble of faults that runs from near Vallejo, for at least 20 miles up the west side of the Napa Valley. It \u003ci>had \u003c/i>been deceptively quiet, except for a 5-point quake in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early deconstructions of the South Napa quake indicate that it broke about 6 miles deep, upward and to the northwest, along unnamed strands of the West Napa Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21803\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/FaultMap_SNQ_USGS_800.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21803\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/FaultMap_SNQ_USGS_800.jpg\" alt=\"Orange lines show where surface clues reveal the likely source faults for the South Napa Earthquake. Some areas reveal up to about 18 inches of lateral displacement. (USGS)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1325\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orange lines show where surface clues reveal the likely source faults for the South Napa Earthquake. Some areas reveal up to about 18 inches of lateral displacement. (USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Schwartz has been crisscrossing the valley for the U.S. Geological Survey, studying cracks in roads and driveways for evidence of lateral movement, or side-slip, where it’s clear that one side of the crack moved north and the other south, even if just a few centimeters — just like the jagged fissure that cuts through a west-side subdivision in Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathy Ortiz remembers riding out the quake, the biggest that she can recall from her 65 years in Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was unbelievable,” she recalled, days afterward. “My brain is still trying to take it all in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ortiz had no clue until daylight appeared that the quake had left a crack running completely across her street and under the homes on either side — a subtle displacement that geologists say mirrors the grinding along the strike-slip fault that broke right under her house. It turns out that Ortiz lives in the Brown’s Valley section of the West Napa Fault Zone, an area that had never been fully mapped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In the video below, Schwartz explains why this narrow crack in a suburban street is a clue to the fault’s location beneath.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/A_fotvoGnF0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/A_fotvoGnF0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“The faults in this part of Napa Valley had been mapped as old faults, faults that may have moved in the last 130,000 years or 1.6 million years,” Schwartz explained. “But they weren’t mapped as ‘Holocene,’ or active.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s about to change. But it’s not like Jules Verne’s “underground” classic, \u003ca title=\"YouTube - Journey trailer\" href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WF8Bf1d_crk\">Journey to the Center of the Earth\u003c/a>. Explorers can drop submersibles tens of thousands of feet to the ocean floor but there is no staircase through the Earth’s crust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The crust is complex,” Schwartz says. “And each one of these earthquakes gives us a little bit more insight into how it works, but we’ve got a long way to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, a combination of ground sleuthing and \u003ca title=\"Wiki - interferometry\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferometry\">interferometry\u003c/a>, which measures changes in the landscape from satellite data and precise radar measurements from NASA aircraft, have allowed scientists to track the Napa quake’s suspect fault for at least 7 miles beyond where it was mapped before. Ultimately, the re-mapping of these faults will likely mean some changes in the seismic zoning of the Napa Valley, and some reconsideration of what can be built, where.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21774\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/IMG_2157-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-21774\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/IMG_2157-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"UC Riverside geophysicist Gareth Funning uses high-precision GPS antennae and benchmarks placed by the National Geodetic Survey to track ground movements in the Napa Valley. This marker is near Highway 29 in Yountville.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Riverside geophysicist Gareth Funning uses high-precision GPS antennae and benchmarks placed by the National Geodetic Survey to track ground movements in the Napa Valley. This marker is near Highway 29 in Yountville. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Gareth Funning, the quake was like hitting the lottery. The geophysicist from UC Riverside had already been running a long-term study of ground movement in the valley when the earth moved. His network of precise GPS antennas will help create a model of the seismic events (literally) underlying the quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were up north measuring more things like this around Clear Lake when the earthquake happened,” Funning recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his graduate assistant, Jerlyn Swiatlowski, hightailed it down to Napa to take fresh readings, tracking the movement of \u003ca title=\"Wiki - post\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survey_marker\">markers\u003c/a> placed in the ground years ago as part of the \u003ca title=\"NOAA - Geodetic Survey\" href=\"http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/\">National Geodetic Survey\u003c/a>. Very precise GPS antennae — accurate to about 2 millimeters — placed over each marker, show that some of them moved up to 10 inches with the August 24th temblor. Funning says he’s using the data to model the underpinnings of the Napa quake and its ripple effects on the local geology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those models allow us to then calculate the effect of this earthquake on all the other faults around this area,” Funning says, “and whether the stresses on them have changed as a result of this earthquake happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funning says it does appear that neighboring faults from Fairfield to Petaluma were “loaded” with some additional stress by this quake, which could increase the chances of them slipping. The Rodgers Creek fault, which slices from the Bay to Santa Rosa, has the potential for a magnitude-7 quake — bigger than the Loma Prieta quake that hit the Bay Area in 1989.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to know whether an earthquake on another fault has become more likely because of this one,” Funning says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month after the quake, scientists are already gaining a better sense of the seismic potential underneath the wine country — but the picture is still coming together, and it’s hard to know exactly what it portends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes we see sequences of earthquakes over a period of decades and maybe that’s what’ll happen here,” Schwartz says. “We don’t know. But it should heighten the earthquake sensibilities of everyone in the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/21762/finding-faults-scientists-close-in-on-napa-quake-origins","authors":["221"],"categories":["science_46","science_38","science_40","science_42","science_43"],"tags":["science_257","science_1841","science_838"],"featImg":"science_21776","label":"science"},"science_21444":{"type":"posts","id":"science_21444","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"21444","score":null,"sort":[1410246068000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"quake-revived-streams-could-keep-flowing-for-a-while","title":"Quake-Revived Streams Could Keep Flowing for a While","publishDate":1410246068,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Quake-Revived Streams Could Keep Flowing for a While | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1151,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/DryCreek_wide_4915.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21454\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/DryCreek_wide_4915.jpg\" alt=\"Dry Creek in the west Napa Valley was bone-dry when the quake struck, but sprang back to life three days afterward. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dry Creek in the west Napa Valley was bone-dry when the quake struck, but sprang to life three days later. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Normally, Dry Creek, just west of Napa, lives up to its name this time of year. But three days after the South Napa Earthquake, it suddenly sprang to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was completely dry and right now it’s running at the rate that we’d normally see in May or so,” said Garrett Buckland, overlooking a stretch of the creek about 2.5 miles above where it empties into the Napa River. Buckland is a vineyard consultant who pays close attention to the hydrology of the Napa Valley. In September, he said, Dry Creek doesn’t usually make it as far as the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he started hearing the sound of moving water shortly after the magnitude-6.0 temblor, Buckland said he wasn’t entirely surprised; he said the same thing happened after a 4.9 temblor near here in 2000. Based on that experience, Buckland was willing to make a prediction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”2PiNvzNzd7sL8IuJr3cHhhBSSlxRgtHY”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will continue to flow all the way until it dries up next year,” he ventured. “All those changes in cracks and adjustments to the fissures all across this area are really just releasing a ton of really, really cold, crisp, clean groundwater, basically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resurgence of Dry Creek is just one of \u003ca title=\"Press-Dem - post\" href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/home/2655382-181/napa-quake-jumpstarts-stream-flows\">many similar stories\u003c/a> that have arisen since the August 24 quake that struck the Napa Valley and damaged buildings in at least three significant North Bay cities. But the \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/02/napa-quake-forces-redrawing-of-fault-maps/\">underground dynamics\u003c/a> that started it all are complicated and not nearly as clear as the crystalline water bubbling up from below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as elusive is the question of how long it will last. Geologists say this is a common occurrence following earthquakes and doesn’t often last more than a matter of weeks. But there are some optimists out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These ephemerals are flowing across the entire Mayacama Range (the western Napa Valley slope),” hydrologist Robert Shibatani, who toured the area last week, wrote in an email to KQED. “Nor is it necessarily a temporary event; streams are still running two weeks after the temblor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shibatani surmises that on the west side of Napa Valley, the quake didn’t create new springs so much as it opened new connections between underground aquifers, creating a fresh supply for existing springs. If so, these new \u003ca title=\"SFC - post\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/default/article/Surprise-bonanza-since-Napa-quake-dry-creeks-now-5739098.php#page-1\">flows could continue\u003c/a> into the rainy season — but there’s really no way to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21457\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/DryCreek_riffle_4912.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21457\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/DryCreek_riffle_4912.jpg\" alt=\"One hydrologist estimates the flow rates on some quake-revived streams could be significant in view of the current drought. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One hydrologist estimates the flow rates on some quake-revived streams could be significant in view of the current drought. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These flows could represent new base flows, which would be a significant enhancement to overall water supply yield to this area of northern California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing that gives Shibatani hope of some permanence is the volume of water he’s seen — up to 10 or 12 cubic feet per second, which, over the course of a year, would be enough to supply thousands of typical households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That kind of volume is considerable given the state of our current drought,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There remain some slippery questions, such as whether upstream wells might start running dry, and ultimately, to whom this wet new windfall belongs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a ‘natural’ stream flow (albeit new), initial indications [from state water regulators] are that they would be considered ‘riparian’ rights and permissible for diversion,” says Shibatani. “I think that someone needs to really get a sense of the overall scale of this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Buckland, who grew up virtually on the banks of Dry Creek, a spawning stream for salmon and steelhead, he’s just happy to see it running with such gusto at the driest time of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hopefully this is something that’ll really help out our fishery,” he says, “but it’s amazing what nature can do for us.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Napa quake jump-started several streams in the Napa and adjoining valleys, but how long they'll run and where the water is coming from is hard to pin down.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704932982,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":694},"headData":{"title":"Quake-Revived Streams Could Keep Flowing for a While | KQED","description":"The Napa quake jump-started several streams in the Napa and adjoining valleys, but how long they'll run and where the water is coming from is hard to pin down.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/21444/quake-revived-streams-could-keep-flowing-for-a-while","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/DryCreek_wide_4915.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21454\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/DryCreek_wide_4915.jpg\" alt=\"Dry Creek in the west Napa Valley was bone-dry when the quake struck, but sprang back to life three days afterward. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dry Creek in the west Napa Valley was bone-dry when the quake struck, but sprang to life three days later. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Normally, Dry Creek, just west of Napa, lives up to its name this time of year. But three days after the South Napa Earthquake, it suddenly sprang to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was completely dry and right now it’s running at the rate that we’d normally see in May or so,” said Garrett Buckland, overlooking a stretch of the creek about 2.5 miles above where it empties into the Napa River. Buckland is a vineyard consultant who pays close attention to the hydrology of the Napa Valley. In September, he said, Dry Creek doesn’t usually make it as far as the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he started hearing the sound of moving water shortly after the magnitude-6.0 temblor, Buckland said he wasn’t entirely surprised; he said the same thing happened after a 4.9 temblor near here in 2000. Based on that experience, Buckland was willing to make a prediction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will continue to flow all the way until it dries up next year,” he ventured. “All those changes in cracks and adjustments to the fissures all across this area are really just releasing a ton of really, really cold, crisp, clean groundwater, basically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resurgence of Dry Creek is just one of \u003ca title=\"Press-Dem - post\" href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/home/2655382-181/napa-quake-jumpstarts-stream-flows\">many similar stories\u003c/a> that have arisen since the August 24 quake that struck the Napa Valley and damaged buildings in at least three significant North Bay cities. But the \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/02/napa-quake-forces-redrawing-of-fault-maps/\">underground dynamics\u003c/a> that started it all are complicated and not nearly as clear as the crystalline water bubbling up from below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as elusive is the question of how long it will last. Geologists say this is a common occurrence following earthquakes and doesn’t often last more than a matter of weeks. But there are some optimists out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These ephemerals are flowing across the entire Mayacama Range (the western Napa Valley slope),” hydrologist Robert Shibatani, who toured the area last week, wrote in an email to KQED. “Nor is it necessarily a temporary event; streams are still running two weeks after the temblor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shibatani surmises that on the west side of Napa Valley, the quake didn’t create new springs so much as it opened new connections between underground aquifers, creating a fresh supply for existing springs. If so, these new \u003ca title=\"SFC - post\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/default/article/Surprise-bonanza-since-Napa-quake-dry-creeks-now-5739098.php#page-1\">flows could continue\u003c/a> into the rainy season — but there’s really no way to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21457\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/DryCreek_riffle_4912.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21457\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/DryCreek_riffle_4912.jpg\" alt=\"One hydrologist estimates the flow rates on some quake-revived streams could be significant in view of the current drought. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One hydrologist estimates the flow rates on some quake-revived streams could be significant in view of the current drought. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These flows could represent new base flows, which would be a significant enhancement to overall water supply yield to this area of northern California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing that gives Shibatani hope of some permanence is the volume of water he’s seen — up to 10 or 12 cubic feet per second, which, over the course of a year, would be enough to supply thousands of typical households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That kind of volume is considerable given the state of our current drought,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There remain some slippery questions, such as whether upstream wells might start running dry, and ultimately, to whom this wet new windfall belongs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a ‘natural’ stream flow (albeit new), initial indications [from state water regulators] are that they would be considered ‘riparian’ rights and permissible for diversion,” says Shibatani. “I think that someone needs to really get a sense of the overall scale of this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Buckland, who grew up virtually on the banks of Dry Creek, a spawning stream for salmon and steelhead, he’s just happy to see it running with such gusto at the driest time of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hopefully this is something that’ll really help out our fishery,” he says, “but it’s amazing what nature can do for us.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/21444/quake-revived-streams-could-keep-flowing-for-a-while","authors":["221"],"series":["science_1151"],"categories":["science_38","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_64","science_1231","science_179","science_1841"],"featImg":"science_21454","label":"science_1151"},"science_21247":{"type":"posts","id":"science_21247","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"21247","score":null,"sort":[1409688667000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"napa-quake-forces-redrawing-of-fault-maps","title":"Napa Quake Forces Redrawing of Fault Maps","publishDate":1409688667,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Napa Quake Forces Redrawing of Fault Maps | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21251\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Fault_CottageWy_4872.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21251\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Fault_CottageWy_4872.jpg\" alt=\"Seismologist David Schwartz examines a crack in suburban Napa that he says shows a few centimeters of side-slip -- a clue to faulting below. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Geologist David Schwartz examines a crack in suburban Napa that he says shows a few centimeters of side-slip — a clue to faulting far below the surface. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At least one good thing will come of the recent \u003ca title=\"Q - NewsFix - SNQ\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/quake-rolls-through-bay-area/\">South Napa Earthquake\u003c/a> that shook the wine country on August 24: It will lead to much better maps of active faulting in that area. The bad news: There is likely far more shake potential in the Napa Valley than was previously attributed to the faulting there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s hard to walk away from this and think otherwise,” says geologist David Schwartz of the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 6.0 quake has provided an instant laboratory for geologists and seismologists, whose prior knowledge of the \u003ca title=\"USGS - PDF - W. Napa Fault Zone\" href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/external/reports/05HQAG0002.pdf\">West Napa Fault Zone\u003c/a> was sketchy at best. One thing that’s already emerged is that the fault that triggered the 6.0 temblor is longer than they realized. “The earthquake has helped to identify some pieces of it that are clearly active,” says Schwartz. That’s important because prior to the shaking, all scientists knew of many area faults was that they had been active sometime within the last 130,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map below shows what teams from USGS, the California Geological Survey, UC Davis and others had plotted as of August 26, just two days after the quake. Schwartz says the map is preliminary but provides a “pretty good approximation” of the likely final map. The colored lines are previously mapped faults, red indicating the “youngest” or most recently active.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21264\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1064px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/WNFZPrelim_1408261.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21264\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/WNFZPrelim_1408261.jpeg\" alt=\"Red dots indicate where scientists had located surface fractures that trace underlying faults, as of August 26. (USGS)\" width=\"1064\" height=\"1099\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Red dots indicate where scientists had located surface fractures that trace underlying faults, as of August 26. (USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Schwartz was among a battalion of scientists who have been combing the Napa Valley, looking for evidence of “lateral slip.” These are essentially cracks where the two sides of the fracture moved in opposite directions. They’re visual clues to the exact location of \u003ca title=\"Exploratorium - fault types\" href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/faultline/basics/faults.html\">“strike-slip” faults\u003c/a> miles below the surface. The most extreme examples found so far in the wake of the South Napa Quake show about 18 (updated) inches of lateral offset. Scientists have to weed out the many instances of buckled pavement, broken sidewalks and the like, which were simply due to the shaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two things stand out. First, the quake caused a surprising amount of ruptures at the Earth’s surface. “To me it was really surprising how well defined and long this was for a magnitude-6,” says Schwartz, “which is really kind of at the threshold of the magnitude at which we actually see surface ruptures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And second, there’s more going on under the west side of Napa Valley than anyone realized. Preliminary mapping of side-slip at the surface reveals a fault in the Brown’s Valley Section of the West Napa Fault Zone that extends well beyond what was known. One trace on the far west side appears to extend about six miles beyond what was mapped prior to the quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21253\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/RedwoodRd_4864.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21253\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/RedwoodRd_4864.jpg\" alt=\"Highway lane markings offer highly visible clues to geologists looking for evidence of lateral slip. Scientists noted this fracture on Redwood Road, on Napa's west side. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Highway lane markings offer highly visible clues to geologists looking for evidence of lateral slip. Scientists noted this fracture on Redwood Road, on Napa’s west side. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For official purposes, geologists had identified only a short stretch near the Napa County Airport as recently active. “That slip has to go somewhere,” says Schwartz. “It doesn’t just end at the Napa Valley Airport. It’s in the Earth’s crust going northwest up into Napa Valley. Which fault or faults it’s released on really hasn’t been known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz says it will take some time to complete the picture, but remapping the jumble of north-south faults in the area will likely change the official fault maps and lead to building restrictions along the most active faults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bottom line,” he says, “is that the young faulting we see at the south end — that deformation, that slip — certainly continues north into Napa Valley. What it sits on, exactly, that’s the question.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Some surprises emerge, which could lead to additional building restrictions in the Napa Valley.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933038,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":708},"headData":{"title":"Napa Quake Forces Redrawing of Fault Maps | KQED","description":"Some surprises emerge, which could lead to additional building restrictions in the Napa Valley.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/21247/napa-quake-forces-redrawing-of-fault-maps","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21251\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Fault_CottageWy_4872.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21251\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Fault_CottageWy_4872.jpg\" alt=\"Seismologist David Schwartz examines a crack in suburban Napa that he says shows a few centimeters of side-slip -- a clue to faulting below. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Geologist David Schwartz examines a crack in suburban Napa that he says shows a few centimeters of side-slip — a clue to faulting far below the surface. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At least one good thing will come of the recent \u003ca title=\"Q - NewsFix - SNQ\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/quake-rolls-through-bay-area/\">South Napa Earthquake\u003c/a> that shook the wine country on August 24: It will lead to much better maps of active faulting in that area. The bad news: There is likely far more shake potential in the Napa Valley than was previously attributed to the faulting there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s hard to walk away from this and think otherwise,” says geologist David Schwartz of the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 6.0 quake has provided an instant laboratory for geologists and seismologists, whose prior knowledge of the \u003ca title=\"USGS - PDF - W. Napa Fault Zone\" href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/external/reports/05HQAG0002.pdf\">West Napa Fault Zone\u003c/a> was sketchy at best. One thing that’s already emerged is that the fault that triggered the 6.0 temblor is longer than they realized. “The earthquake has helped to identify some pieces of it that are clearly active,” says Schwartz. That’s important because prior to the shaking, all scientists knew of many area faults was that they had been active sometime within the last 130,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map below shows what teams from USGS, the California Geological Survey, UC Davis and others had plotted as of August 26, just two days after the quake. Schwartz says the map is preliminary but provides a “pretty good approximation” of the likely final map. The colored lines are previously mapped faults, red indicating the “youngest” or most recently active.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21264\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1064px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/WNFZPrelim_1408261.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21264\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/WNFZPrelim_1408261.jpeg\" alt=\"Red dots indicate where scientists had located surface fractures that trace underlying faults, as of August 26. (USGS)\" width=\"1064\" height=\"1099\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Red dots indicate where scientists had located surface fractures that trace underlying faults, as of August 26. (USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Schwartz was among a battalion of scientists who have been combing the Napa Valley, looking for evidence of “lateral slip.” These are essentially cracks where the two sides of the fracture moved in opposite directions. They’re visual clues to the exact location of \u003ca title=\"Exploratorium - fault types\" href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/faultline/basics/faults.html\">“strike-slip” faults\u003c/a> miles below the surface. The most extreme examples found so far in the wake of the South Napa Quake show about 18 (updated) inches of lateral offset. Scientists have to weed out the many instances of buckled pavement, broken sidewalks and the like, which were simply due to the shaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two things stand out. First, the quake caused a surprising amount of ruptures at the Earth’s surface. “To me it was really surprising how well defined and long this was for a magnitude-6,” says Schwartz, “which is really kind of at the threshold of the magnitude at which we actually see surface ruptures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And second, there’s more going on under the west side of Napa Valley than anyone realized. Preliminary mapping of side-slip at the surface reveals a fault in the Brown’s Valley Section of the West Napa Fault Zone that extends well beyond what was known. One trace on the far west side appears to extend about six miles beyond what was mapped prior to the quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21253\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/RedwoodRd_4864.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21253\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/RedwoodRd_4864.jpg\" alt=\"Highway lane markings offer highly visible clues to geologists looking for evidence of lateral slip. Scientists noted this fracture on Redwood Road, on Napa's west side. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Highway lane markings offer highly visible clues to geologists looking for evidence of lateral slip. Scientists noted this fracture on Redwood Road, on Napa’s west side. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For official purposes, geologists had identified only a short stretch near the Napa County Airport as recently active. “That slip has to go somewhere,” says Schwartz. “It doesn’t just end at the Napa Valley Airport. It’s in the Earth’s crust going northwest up into Napa Valley. Which fault or faults it’s released on really hasn’t been known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz says it will take some time to complete the picture, but remapping the jumble of north-south faults in the area will likely change the official fault maps and lead to building restrictions along the most active faults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bottom line,” he says, “is that the young faulting we see at the south end — that deformation, that slip — certainly continues north into Napa Valley. What it sits on, exactly, that’s the question.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/21247/napa-quake-forces-redrawing-of-fault-maps","authors":["221"],"categories":["science_38","science_40"],"tags":["science_64","science_1864","science_1841"],"featImg":"science_21251","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. 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By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago.\r\n\r\n[http_redir]","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Drought Watch Archives | KQED Science","description":"What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's The Lowdown) [iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"] We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the background and rounding up all the stories we’ve produced. Relief at Last In early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago. 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