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This Time, an Earthquake Test","publishDate":1697626988,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Another Emergency Alert on Your Phone? This Time, an Earthquake Test | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 7:45 a.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> The MyShake test alert you might have received on Thursday morning at 3:19 a.m. was a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/USGS_ShakeAlert/status/1714969162282618894\">mixup between time zones in the test alert system, according to USGS\u003c/a>. The real test alert is still scheduled for 10:19 a.m. Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 12:00 p.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong> The emergency alert you might have received on Wednesday morning at 9:30 a.m. was for a \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc73948665/executive\">real 4.2 magnitude earthquake just east of the Bay Area city of Antioch, near Isleton in Sacramento County\u003c/a>. The MyShake emergency alert test detailed below is unrelated and should still go ahead as scheduled on Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday morning’s earthquake was initially overestimated as having a 5.7 magnitude by ShakeAlert USGS, which triggered the WEAS emergency alert on our cellphones. Ultimately, the earthquake’s magnitude was downgraded to 4.2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is public safety. And so yes, there are going to be events that will be overestimated because every earthquake is a little different,” said Robert-Michael de Groot, coordinator at ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning System, USGS. “The most important point about the earthquake early warning system is public safety. We try to maximize public safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De Groot said the fact that MyShake overestimated the magnitude of this quake is “the system doing what it does normally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story:\u003c/strong> Do you have the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977213/heres-where-to-download-californias-earthquake-early-warning-app\">MyShake earthquake warning app \u003c/a>downloaded on your cellphone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 2 million Californians already do — and they’ll be getting a loud earthquake test alert on Thursday morning, as part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakeout.org/faq/#:~:text=In%202023%2C%20International%20ShakeOut%20Day,participate%20%2D%20ShakeOut%20is%20for%20everyone.&text=You%20or%20your%20organization%2C%20however,that%20you%20find%20most%20convenient.\">Annual Great ShakeOut\u003c/a> quake preparedness drill that takes place across the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This alert is coming on the heels of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11963137/fema-fcc-emergency-alert\">a test of the FEMA emergency alert system that was sent to phones nationwide\u003c/a>. Keep reading for what you need to know about this latest test alert — and more ways to get these earthquake warnings for real.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>When will the MyShake earthquake test alert happen?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977213/heres-where-to-download-californias-earthquake-early-warning-app\">MyShake app\u003c/a> will be sending the test alert on Thursday, Oct. 19 at 10:19 a.m. PST.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11963137/fema-fcc-emergency-alert\">FEMA test alert that almost everyone experienced earlier this month\u003c/a>, this phone alert will \u003cem>only\u003c/em> apply to people with the MyShake app living in California, Oregon and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What will the alert look and sound like?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The MyShake test alert will be in the form of an image that will tell people to \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakeout.org/dropcoverholdon/\">“Drop, Cover, and Hold On.”\u003c/a> You’ll also get an audio alert that will signify that this is a test.[aside postID='science_1977213,science_1936949,science_1949019' label='Related coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The MyShake app, developed by UC Berkeley seismologists and engineers as an early earthquake warning system, gets its quake data from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakealert.org/media-kit/\">U.S. Geological Services (USGS) ShakeAlert system\u003c/a>. The app processes that data, and then distributes the alerts to where they need to go, according to de Groot, the ShakeAlert coordinator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The USGS role is critical in terms of how MyShake operates,” de Groot said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How can I get the MyShake app if I don’t already have it?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you have an iPhone, you can \u003ca href=\"https://apps.apple.com/us/app/myshake/id1467058529\">download the MyShake app from the Apple app store\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have an Android phone, you can \u003ca href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=edu.berkeley.bsl.myshake&pli=1\">download MyShake from the Google Play store\u003c/a> — but Android phones will also get these alerts automatically through the Android operating system (more on this below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977213/heres-where-to-download-californias-earthquake-early-warning-app\">Read more about the evolution of the MyShake app.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How will this system be used when a real earthquake is detected?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When an earthquake happens, multiple earthquake stations will detect the shaking of the ground. Algorithms then estimate the earthquake’s location and expected magnitude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the earthquake is estimated to be magnitude 4.5 or greater, MyShake delivers an alert to phones in areas where shaking is predicted,” said Christina Valens, a data analyst at UC Berkeley Seismological Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If someone is far enough from the earthquake’s epicenter, they will receive the alert a few seconds before the ground shaking gets more intense. These seconds of warning can be used to take protective action such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakeout.org/dropcoverholdon/\">Drop, Cover, and Hold On\u003c/a>, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>I have the app, but what if I don’t get the test alert?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you have the MyShake app, and you don’t get the alert on your phone on Thursday, don’t worry: It might be due to a few reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your alerts and notifications might be disabled for the MyShake app, or MyShake may not have permission to run in your phone’s background. Since the alert will be sent to phones in California, Oregon and Washington, the app will rely on your location data in order to send you the test alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valen says if you have your location services turned off, you might not be able to receive the alert. Valen encourages people to \u003ca href=\"myshake-info@berkeley.edu\">contact MyShake support\u003c/a> if they notice a problem on the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>If my phone is off or on airplane mode, will I receive the alert?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just like a normal alert, MyShake is unable to send test alerts to phones that are off or in airplane mode, according to Valens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people who have the MyShake app and prefer not to receive the alerts on Thursday, \u003ca href=\"https://myshake.berkeley.edu/faq.html#shakeout\">MyShake advises people to temporarily disable the app notifications \u003c/a>from 10:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. on the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Though we highly encourage everyone to participate in ShakeOut, MyShake is considering adding an opt-out feature for test alerts in the future,” Valen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://myshake.berkeley.edu/faq.html#shakeout\">Find more frequently asked questions about MyShake here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What are other ways than MyShake to get an alert if a real earthquake hits?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>USGS’s ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning System (EEW) sends \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-do-i-sign-shakealertr-earthquake-early-warning-system\">earthquake alerts to people’s phones in multiple ways.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA), MyShake alerts, the \u003ca href=\"https://earlywarninglabs.com/mobile-app/\">QuakeAlertUSA app for California and Oregon \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.readysandiego.org/SDEmergencyApp/\">the ShakeReadySD app for San Diego residents\u003c/a> are a few ShakeAlert-powered alerts that people can sign up to.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Christina Valens, data analyst at UC Berkeley Seismological Laboratory\"]“It may feel a little silly waiting under a table while nothing happens, but ShakeOut is meant to be an opportunity to practice and build muscle memory for when we experience actual earthquakes”[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1968352/android-phones-will-now-automatically-receive-california-earthquake-warnings\">Android phones have also been capable of receiving earthquake early warning alerts\u003c/a> through Google’s Android operating system — though users should still check their settings to make sure that earthquake alerts are enabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If an earthquake is expected to be magnitude 5 or greater, a Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) will be sent to WEA-capable devices, Valens said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MyShake differs from these other alert delivery tools in that it collects user experience reports for earthquakes greater than magnitude 3.5 and uses motion data captured by phones for research purposes, said Valen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope for this test alert is that when people receive it, they Drop, Cover, and Hold On.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It may feel a little silly waiting under a table while nothing happens, but ShakeOut is meant to be an opportunity to practice and build muscle memory for when we experience actual earthquakes,” Valen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Also, ShakeOut is a great opportunity to make a disaster plan, build an emergency supplies kit, and identify potential hazards that could cause injury when an earthquake happens,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"People in California who have the MyShake earthquake warning app will receive an emergency alert test on Thursday morning. Here's what you need to know.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845863,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1256},"headData":{"title":"Another Emergency Alert on Your Phone? This Time, an Earthquake Test | KQED","description":"People in California who have the MyShake earthquake warning app will receive an emergency alert test on Thursday morning. Here's what you need to know.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Another Emergency Alert on Your Phone? This Time, an Earthquake Test","datePublished":"2023-10-18T11:03:08.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:17:43.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1984781/myshake-earthquake-alert-test-thursday","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 7:45 a.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> The MyShake test alert you might have received on Thursday morning at 3:19 a.m. was a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/USGS_ShakeAlert/status/1714969162282618894\">mixup between time zones in the test alert system, according to USGS\u003c/a>. The real test alert is still scheduled for 10:19 a.m. Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 12:00 p.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong> The emergency alert you might have received on Wednesday morning at 9:30 a.m. was for a \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc73948665/executive\">real 4.2 magnitude earthquake just east of the Bay Area city of Antioch, near Isleton in Sacramento County\u003c/a>. The MyShake emergency alert test detailed below is unrelated and should still go ahead as scheduled on Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday morning’s earthquake was initially overestimated as having a 5.7 magnitude by ShakeAlert USGS, which triggered the WEAS emergency alert on our cellphones. Ultimately, the earthquake’s magnitude was downgraded to 4.2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is public safety. And so yes, there are going to be events that will be overestimated because every earthquake is a little different,” said Robert-Michael de Groot, coordinator at ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning System, USGS. “The most important point about the earthquake early warning system is public safety. We try to maximize public safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De Groot said the fact that MyShake overestimated the magnitude of this quake is “the system doing what it does normally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story:\u003c/strong> Do you have the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977213/heres-where-to-download-californias-earthquake-early-warning-app\">MyShake earthquake warning app \u003c/a>downloaded on your cellphone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 2 million Californians already do — and they’ll be getting a loud earthquake test alert on Thursday morning, as part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakeout.org/faq/#:~:text=In%202023%2C%20International%20ShakeOut%20Day,participate%20%2D%20ShakeOut%20is%20for%20everyone.&text=You%20or%20your%20organization%2C%20however,that%20you%20find%20most%20convenient.\">Annual Great ShakeOut\u003c/a> quake preparedness drill that takes place across the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This alert is coming on the heels of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11963137/fema-fcc-emergency-alert\">a test of the FEMA emergency alert system that was sent to phones nationwide\u003c/a>. Keep reading for what you need to know about this latest test alert — and more ways to get these earthquake warnings for real.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>When will the MyShake earthquake test alert happen?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977213/heres-where-to-download-californias-earthquake-early-warning-app\">MyShake app\u003c/a> will be sending the test alert on Thursday, Oct. 19 at 10:19 a.m. PST.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11963137/fema-fcc-emergency-alert\">FEMA test alert that almost everyone experienced earlier this month\u003c/a>, this phone alert will \u003cem>only\u003c/em> apply to people with the MyShake app living in California, Oregon and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What will the alert look and sound like?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The MyShake test alert will be in the form of an image that will tell people to \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakeout.org/dropcoverholdon/\">“Drop, Cover, and Hold On.”\u003c/a> You’ll also get an audio alert that will signify that this is a test.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1977213,science_1936949,science_1949019","label":"Related coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The MyShake app, developed by UC Berkeley seismologists and engineers as an early earthquake warning system, gets its quake data from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakealert.org/media-kit/\">U.S. Geological Services (USGS) ShakeAlert system\u003c/a>. The app processes that data, and then distributes the alerts to where they need to go, according to de Groot, the ShakeAlert coordinator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The USGS role is critical in terms of how MyShake operates,” de Groot said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How can I get the MyShake app if I don’t already have it?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you have an iPhone, you can \u003ca href=\"https://apps.apple.com/us/app/myshake/id1467058529\">download the MyShake app from the Apple app store\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have an Android phone, you can \u003ca href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=edu.berkeley.bsl.myshake&pli=1\">download MyShake from the Google Play store\u003c/a> — but Android phones will also get these alerts automatically through the Android operating system (more on this below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977213/heres-where-to-download-californias-earthquake-early-warning-app\">Read more about the evolution of the MyShake app.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How will this system be used when a real earthquake is detected?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When an earthquake happens, multiple earthquake stations will detect the shaking of the ground. Algorithms then estimate the earthquake’s location and expected magnitude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the earthquake is estimated to be magnitude 4.5 or greater, MyShake delivers an alert to phones in areas where shaking is predicted,” said Christina Valens, a data analyst at UC Berkeley Seismological Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If someone is far enough from the earthquake’s epicenter, they will receive the alert a few seconds before the ground shaking gets more intense. These seconds of warning can be used to take protective action such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakeout.org/dropcoverholdon/\">Drop, Cover, and Hold On\u003c/a>, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>I have the app, but what if I don’t get the test alert?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you have the MyShake app, and you don’t get the alert on your phone on Thursday, don’t worry: It might be due to a few reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your alerts and notifications might be disabled for the MyShake app, or MyShake may not have permission to run in your phone’s background. Since the alert will be sent to phones in California, Oregon and Washington, the app will rely on your location data in order to send you the test alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valen says if you have your location services turned off, you might not be able to receive the alert. Valen encourages people to \u003ca href=\"myshake-info@berkeley.edu\">contact MyShake support\u003c/a> if they notice a problem on the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>If my phone is off or on airplane mode, will I receive the alert?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just like a normal alert, MyShake is unable to send test alerts to phones that are off or in airplane mode, according to Valens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people who have the MyShake app and prefer not to receive the alerts on Thursday, \u003ca href=\"https://myshake.berkeley.edu/faq.html#shakeout\">MyShake advises people to temporarily disable the app notifications \u003c/a>from 10:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. on the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Though we highly encourage everyone to participate in ShakeOut, MyShake is considering adding an opt-out feature for test alerts in the future,” Valen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://myshake.berkeley.edu/faq.html#shakeout\">Find more frequently asked questions about MyShake here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What are other ways than MyShake to get an alert if a real earthquake hits?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>USGS’s ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning System (EEW) sends \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-do-i-sign-shakealertr-earthquake-early-warning-system\">earthquake alerts to people’s phones in multiple ways.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA), MyShake alerts, the \u003ca href=\"https://earlywarninglabs.com/mobile-app/\">QuakeAlertUSA app for California and Oregon \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.readysandiego.org/SDEmergencyApp/\">the ShakeReadySD app for San Diego residents\u003c/a> are a few ShakeAlert-powered alerts that people can sign up to.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"“It may feel a little silly waiting under a table while nothing happens, but ShakeOut is meant to be an opportunity to practice and build muscle memory for when we experience actual earthquakes”","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Christina Valens, data analyst at UC Berkeley Seismological Laboratory","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1968352/android-phones-will-now-automatically-receive-california-earthquake-warnings\">Android phones have also been capable of receiving earthquake early warning alerts\u003c/a> through Google’s Android operating system — though users should still check their settings to make sure that earthquake alerts are enabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If an earthquake is expected to be magnitude 5 or greater, a Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) will be sent to WEA-capable devices, Valens said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MyShake differs from these other alert delivery tools in that it collects user experience reports for earthquakes greater than magnitude 3.5 and uses motion data captured by phones for research purposes, said Valen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope for this test alert is that when people receive it, they Drop, Cover, and Hold On.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It may feel a little silly waiting under a table while nothing happens, but ShakeOut is meant to be an opportunity to practice and build muscle memory for when we experience actual earthquakes,” Valen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Also, ShakeOut is a great opportunity to make a disaster plan, build an emergency supplies kit, and identify potential hazards that could cause injury when an earthquake happens,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1984781/myshake-earthquake-alert-test-thursday","authors":["11631"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_4992","science_257","science_218","science_2677"],"featImg":"science_1984785","label":"science"},"science_1981541":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1981541","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1981541","score":null,"sort":[1676064170000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"earthquake-science","title":"Can a 7.8 Earthquake Hit the Bay Area? Here's the Science Behind It","publishDate":1676064170,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Can a 7.8 Earthquake Hit the Bay Area? Here’s the Science Behind It | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The magnitude 7.8 earthquake that rocked parts of Turkey and Syria on Monday, killing more than 23,000 people, resembles a threat that Californians could potentially face. The same type of fault runs across most of the state. Here’s the science behind these huge earthquakes and how to be prepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What makes a big earthquake?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Earthquakes result from a slip along a fault line, a geological term for a crack in Earth’s crust. Basically, two slabs of rock suddenly and violently slip past one another, radiating energy in all directions in the form of seismic waves that cause the shaking that people experience. The Turkey earthquake occurred along the East Anatolian fault, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/media/videos/strike-slip-fault\">strike-slip fault \u003c/a>— where two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally — that measures hundreds of miles long. The portion that ruptured is at least 100 miles long. Essentially, the longer the length of the fault that ruptures, the larger the magnitude of the earthquake it produces. And the larger the population surrounding the fault lines, the more devastation is caused by the earthquake.[aside postID=news_11940413,science_1933064]“You’re not necessarily seeing stronger ground motions, but you’re seeing a longer duration of ground motion and a greater area that is exposed to the most extreme shaking just because more of the fault is involved in producing the shaking,” said Austin Elliott, a research geologist at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Earthquake Science Center based in Mountain View’s Moffett Field in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have several long faults in the Bay Area that are capable of producing strong earthquakes similar to what happened in Turkey. A strike-slip quake can occur along the San Andreas Fault, for example. The fault line runs 800 miles long from the Salton Sea in Southern California to Cape Mendocino through the Peninsula and San Francisco and along the North Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tectonically and seismologically, the earthquakes we expect in California are very similar to the earthquakes that have just happened in Turkey,” said Elliott, but, “geographically and demographically, the situation is different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Andreas Fault is largely offshore as it goes north, and is distant from some of the major population centers, Elliott said. Other faults that run through cities, like the Hayward Fault, the Rodgers Creek Fault and the Calaveras Fault, are also capable of large earthquakes, potentially involving more communities in the temblor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Explaining Earthquakes - KQED QUEST\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/wDfIgoXaXis?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have calculated about a \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3020/fs20163020.pdf\">30% chance that the Hayward Fault will “break big” (PDF)\u003c/a> — with a magnitude 6.7 event or bigger — within 30 years. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/programs/science-application-for-risk-reduction/science/haywired-scenario?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects\">“HayWired” scenario\u003c/a> from the USGS projects that in the aftermath of a magnitude 7.0 quake in Hayward, 2,500 people would need immediate rescue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still consider the Hayward Fault to be the one with the highest probability of producing a large event in the Bay Area in years and decades to come,” said Roland Bürgmann, a UC Berkeley seismologist. ”The damages will be tremendous given the continuing exposure, despite all the great efforts made to mitigate the impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists use triangulation to find the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/quest/136760/how-to-find-the-epicenter-of-an-earthquake\">epicenter of an earthquake\u003c/a>, collecting seismic data from at least three locations. Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Improved building codes and infrastructure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has experienced multiple large-scale earthquakes in history. The 1857 earthquake in Central California was an estimated magnitude 7.8, the 1868 Hayward Fault quake was a magnitude 6.8, and the famous 1906 San Francisco earthquake was at a 7.9 magnitude along the San Andreas Fault. In comparison, the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989 was a magnitude 6.9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each new earthquake teaches us more about what works and what doesn’t work in constructing buildings and infrastructure,” said Elliott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has strong building standards and codes, some of the strictest in the world as far as seismic preparedness, he said. Its built environment is generally well-prepared to withstand the earthquakes seismologists expect in the region. That said, there are still a lot of vulnerable facilities and structures that require seismic retrofitting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really takes building codes, planning by all the different agencies and communities involved to be more and more ready,” said Bürgmann.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Earthquake prep from a geologist’s perspective\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To prepare for a big earthquake, Elliott recommends using sites like \u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/bayarea/\">Earthquake Country Alliance\u003c/a>, which has a wealth of preparedness information. Homeowners should make sure their homes are properly braced and bolted to their foundations. California has \u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakebracebolt.com/\">grant programs\u003c/a> to help to improve the structural stability of your home.[aside postID=science_1949019] At home, look around your space and brace things like bookshelves, televisions and furniture that could be toppled by heavy shaking. Have shoes next to your bed so that if it’s dark and there’s glass on the floors, you don’t step on it and hurt yourself. And don’t forget to prepare your \u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step3/\">emergency kit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an earthquake, emergency services will be swamped. So it’s important to try to be self-sufficient by having your emergency supplies in hand and knowing basic first aid. Fire departments, paramedics and hospitals are going to be spread thin. So making sure you have your first aid kit within reach is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stay connected with your neighbors and friends during this time. “Your neighbors or your friends may live in more vulnerable buildings than you do or vice versa,” said Elliott. “And you may want to be conscious of that as well in your planning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The magnitude 7.8 earthquake that rocked parts of Turkey and Syria on Monday, killing more than 23,000 people, resembles a threat that Californians could potentially face. The same type of fault runs across most of the state. Here's the science behind these huge earthquakes and how to be prepared.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1709849784,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":962},"headData":{"title":"Can a 7.8 Earthquake Hit the Bay Area? Here's the Science Behind It | KQED","description":"The magnitude 7.8 earthquake that rocked parts of Turkey and Syria on Monday, killing more than 23,000 people, resembles a threat that Californians could potentially face. The same type of fault runs across most of the state. Here's the science behind these huge earthquakes and how to be prepared.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Can a 7.8 Earthquake Hit the Bay Area? Here's the Science Behind It","datePublished":"2023-02-10T21:22:50.000Z","dateModified":"2024-03-07T22:16:24.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Science Podcast","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast","sticky":false,"audioTrackLength":183,"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1981541/earthquake-science","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The magnitude 7.8 earthquake that rocked parts of Turkey and Syria on Monday, killing more than 23,000 people, resembles a threat that Californians could potentially face. The same type of fault runs across most of the state. Here’s the science behind these huge earthquakes and how to be prepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What makes a big earthquake?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Earthquakes result from a slip along a fault line, a geological term for a crack in Earth’s crust. Basically, two slabs of rock suddenly and violently slip past one another, radiating energy in all directions in the form of seismic waves that cause the shaking that people experience. The Turkey earthquake occurred along the East Anatolian fault, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/media/videos/strike-slip-fault\">strike-slip fault \u003c/a>— where two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally — that measures hundreds of miles long. The portion that ruptured is at least 100 miles long. Essentially, the longer the length of the fault that ruptures, the larger the magnitude of the earthquake it produces. And the larger the population surrounding the fault lines, the more devastation is caused by the earthquake.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"news_11940413,science_1933064","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“You’re not necessarily seeing stronger ground motions, but you’re seeing a longer duration of ground motion and a greater area that is exposed to the most extreme shaking just because more of the fault is involved in producing the shaking,” said Austin Elliott, a research geologist at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Earthquake Science Center based in Mountain View’s Moffett Field in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have several long faults in the Bay Area that are capable of producing strong earthquakes similar to what happened in Turkey. A strike-slip quake can occur along the San Andreas Fault, for example. The fault line runs 800 miles long from the Salton Sea in Southern California to Cape Mendocino through the Peninsula and San Francisco and along the North Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tectonically and seismologically, the earthquakes we expect in California are very similar to the earthquakes that have just happened in Turkey,” said Elliott, but, “geographically and demographically, the situation is different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Andreas Fault is largely offshore as it goes north, and is distant from some of the major population centers, Elliott said. Other faults that run through cities, like the Hayward Fault, the Rodgers Creek Fault and the Calaveras Fault, are also capable of large earthquakes, potentially involving more communities in the temblor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Explaining Earthquakes - KQED QUEST\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/wDfIgoXaXis?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have calculated about a \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3020/fs20163020.pdf\">30% chance that the Hayward Fault will “break big” (PDF)\u003c/a> — with a magnitude 6.7 event or bigger — within 30 years. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/programs/science-application-for-risk-reduction/science/haywired-scenario?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects\">“HayWired” scenario\u003c/a> from the USGS projects that in the aftermath of a magnitude 7.0 quake in Hayward, 2,500 people would need immediate rescue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still consider the Hayward Fault to be the one with the highest probability of producing a large event in the Bay Area in years and decades to come,” said Roland Bürgmann, a UC Berkeley seismologist. ”The damages will be tremendous given the continuing exposure, despite all the great efforts made to mitigate the impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists use triangulation to find the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/quest/136760/how-to-find-the-epicenter-of-an-earthquake\">epicenter of an earthquake\u003c/a>, collecting seismic data from at least three locations. Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Improved building codes and infrastructure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has experienced multiple large-scale earthquakes in history. The 1857 earthquake in Central California was an estimated magnitude 7.8, the 1868 Hayward Fault quake was a magnitude 6.8, and the famous 1906 San Francisco earthquake was at a 7.9 magnitude along the San Andreas Fault. In comparison, the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989 was a magnitude 6.9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each new earthquake teaches us more about what works and what doesn’t work in constructing buildings and infrastructure,” said Elliott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has strong building standards and codes, some of the strictest in the world as far as seismic preparedness, he said. Its built environment is generally well-prepared to withstand the earthquakes seismologists expect in the region. That said, there are still a lot of vulnerable facilities and structures that require seismic retrofitting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really takes building codes, planning by all the different agencies and communities involved to be more and more ready,” said Bürgmann.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Earthquake prep from a geologist’s perspective\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To prepare for a big earthquake, Elliott recommends using sites like \u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/bayarea/\">Earthquake Country Alliance\u003c/a>, which has a wealth of preparedness information. Homeowners should make sure their homes are properly braced and bolted to their foundations. California has \u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakebracebolt.com/\">grant programs\u003c/a> to help to improve the structural stability of your home.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1949019","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> At home, look around your space and brace things like bookshelves, televisions and furniture that could be toppled by heavy shaking. Have shoes next to your bed so that if it’s dark and there’s glass on the floors, you don’t step on it and hurt yourself. And don’t forget to prepare your \u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step3/\">emergency kit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an earthquake, emergency services will be swamped. So it’s important to try to be self-sufficient by having your emergency supplies in hand and knowing basic first aid. Fire departments, paramedics and hospitals are going to be spread thin. So making sure you have your first aid kit within reach is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stay connected with your neighbors and friends during this time. “Your neighbors or your friends may live in more vulnerable buildings than you do or vice versa,” said Elliott. “And you may want to be conscious of that as well in your planning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1981541/earthquake-science","authors":["11631"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_38","science_40","science_4450","science_3423"],"tags":["science_1888","science_257","science_427","science_654","science_813"],"featImg":"science_1981584","label":"source_science_1981541"},"science_1949019":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1949019","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1949019","score":null,"sort":[1675723511000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"its-about-time-how-to-get-ready-for-the-next-emergency","title":"Prepping for the Next Big Quake: One Hour a Day, Four Days","publishDate":1675723511,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Prepping for the Next Big Quake: One Hour a Day, Four Days | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ci>Are you feeling less than secure about how ready you are for a major earthquake emergency? That’s how many of us at KQED were feeling in the wake of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/06/1154818692/turkey-earthquake-syria-rescue-disaster\">the magnitude 7.8 earthquake that struck southeastern Turkey and northern Syria early Monday\u003c/a>. The quake — which has so far killed more than 3,400 people — was followed by at least 55 aftershocks of magnitude 4.3 or greater, \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/?extent=-30.14513,-76.28906&extent=73.92247,151.34766&sort=smallest&listOnlyShown=true&baseLayer=terrain\">according to the U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/a>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Back in 2019, we asked science reporter Peter Arcuni to lead us through a four-day prep, spending one hour a day. Here’s how to get ready for the next big Bay Area temblor — the one scientists say is inevitable.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Day One was all about making an emergency plan; Days Two and Three he devoted to assembling earthquake kits. For the final day, Peter took steps to make his home more earthquake safe.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on Oct. 16, 2019. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Let’s get started\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, I awoke to a sound like thunder. Was it a low-flying jet? A truck zooming past? In one, raucous jolt, the mattress, with me atop it, bobbled on its frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time I realized what was going on, the shake, rattle and roll were over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Did you feel that?” I shouted to my wife and daughter in the other room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No answer. Of course, they were fine, just too caught up in playing fairies, or trolls, or maybe fairy trolls, to notice a mere 3.6 magnitude quake. But the shock was enough for me to read the writing clear across the bedroom wall: \u003cem>It was time to make an earthquake plan\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah, right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve lived in the Bay Area for 16 years, and just about annually I get a brief moment of religion when it comes to quake preparedness. But even though seismic experts offer ample evidence to remind us a big earthquake is not a matter of if, but when, I \u003cem>still\u003c/em> haven’t followed through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]Resources\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/library/Margin_Step_3_Infographics_Flyer.pdf\">Earthquake Country Alliance pamphlet (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ready.gov/plan\">FEMA Ready.gov site\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/survival-kit-supplies.html\">American Red Cross survival kit supply list\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/content/dam/redcross/atg/PDF_s/Preparedness___Disaster_Recovery/Disaster_Preparedness/Earthquake/Earthquake.pdf\">earthquake safety checklist\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True, I’ve got plenty of excuses. In the early days, common sense collided with a misguided feeling of invincibility. Later, it was work, marriage, grad school, fatherhood. Frankly, now in my spare time, I’d simply rather be playing Candyland with my four-year-old daughter than shopping for emergency supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, it’s the same old story: Life is full and busy, and preparing for disaster feels overwhelming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But guess what? Now I’ve actually been \u003cem>assigned\u003c/em> earthquake preparation by my editors, in the hope we can show that it’s possible to get ready for a disaster in a reasonable amount of time, even amidst the usual perpetual commitments of work, family and daily living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So here are the ground rules for this challenge. For each of four days, I’m allowed to commit just one hour to earthquake preparation, using only the free time I would normally have outside work and family life.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\"]Yesterday, we had only a vague notion of what to do if a big earthquake hit. Today we have a solid plan we feel pretty good about.[/pullquote] Join me in finding out how ready we can be in just one hour a day, over four days. I’ll chronicle my success — or not — right here. We may not get to everything, but as I learned from the experts, doing any amount of preparation matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing I realized while embarking on this project: The difference between preparedness and perpetual optimism could be the difference between life and death. In 2018, KQED’s Craig Miller \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933064/map-are-you-in-the-severe-damage-zone-for-the-bay-areas-next-big-earthquake\">wrote a story about the Hayward Fault\u003c/a>, which runs 40 miles through the East Bay’s most densely populated areas and could produce the proverbial Big One at any time:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The U.S. Geological Survey projects that in the aftermath of a magnitude 7.0 quake on the Hayward, 2,500 people would need immediate rescue. Serious questions remain about whether emergency responders could get to everyone’s aid, given that roads are likely to be blocked and water for fighting fires cut off in many areas — possibly for weeks or months.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>“In terms of exposure of hospitals, schools, lifelines, it’s really unequaled,” said UC Berkeley seismologist Roland Burgmann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So … this is a not just an assignment for a journalist, it’s an assignment for \u003cem>everybody\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2019/10/ArcuniEarthquakePrep.mp3\" title=\"Day One: Make a Plan\" program=\"KQED Science\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_007.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Day One: Make a plan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Generally speaking, earthquake preparedness is broken into three categories:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Having survival supplies ready to go\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Safety-proofing your home\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Making an emergency plan for the earthquake and its aftermath\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>I decided to begin my four days of preparation by making an emergency plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Ferguson, with the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES), says it’s one of the most important steps you can take.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a great dinner table conversation that all families should have, if there’s an emergency, here’s what we would do,” he said. “‘We would meet you at this place, we would go this way.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told me there’s no one-size-fits-all blueprint, so you’ll need to tailor your plan to your own circumstances. But some guidelines apply to everybody, such as …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Doorways are out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949266\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949266\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_004-800x593.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"593\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_004-800x593.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_004-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_004-768x569.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_004-1020x755.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_004-1200x889.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_004.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peter Arcuni, his wife, Maureen, and their daughter, Izzy, read a book after collecting all the materials for their earthquake preparedness kit. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My first conversation today was with my preschooler, Izzy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Izzy, do you know what an earthquake is?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s when the ground shakes and you have to go hide under a table.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hide under the table. That’s a great idea — you know more than I do!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a widespread \u003ca href=\"https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/storms/10-pieces-of-disaster-safety-advice-you-should-ignore4.htm\">myth\u003c/a> that standing in the doorway is the most protective place to be during a major quake. But most experts say, forget it. Here’s what the U.S. Geological Survey recommends:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“DROP, COVER, AND HOLD ON. If you are indoors, when you feel strong earthquake shaking, drop to the floor, take cover under a sturdy desk or table, and hold on to it firmly until the shaking stops. If you are not near a desk or table, drop to the floor against an interior wall and protect your head and neck with your arms.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Got it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After we tucked the little one in, my wife Maureen and I went to the couch to write out our emergency plan. For this we decided to focus on a handful of essential items from the USGS handbook:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Locate a safe place outside of your home for your family to meet after the shaking stops.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Establish an out-of-area contact person everyone in the household can call to relay information.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provide all family members with a list of important contact phone numbers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Determine where you can live if you can’t stay in your home after an earthquake or other disaster. In other words: Ask friends or relatives in advance if they might be willing to put you up when the Big One hits.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Sounds like a lot. But it took us just under an hour — 56 minutes — to hash most of this out. We even called my cousin in Menlo Park, who agreed to shelter us in case we need to evacuate San Francisco. Because we appeared to have woken her from a deep slumber, I’ll need to confirm she actually \u003cem>remembers\u003c/em> what she’s gotten herself into next time I see her. \u003cem>Sorry to wake you up Carin. And, thanks!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Final thoughts: Day One\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I admit I was feeling a bit daunted by the thought of starting this challenge. But I agreed with my wife when she said, “It was not \u003cem>so\u003c/em> bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday, we had only a vague notion of what to do if a big earthquake hit. Today we have a solid plan we feel pretty good about. We have more to do, for sure, but this is a good start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Brian Ferguson from Cal OES put it: “People feel intimidated by it, but any amount of preparation will make you safer than no preparation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tomorrow for our earthquake prep challenge, I’ll go shopping — fun! — for survival supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2019/10/ArcuniPreparingBigOne.mp3\" title=\"Day Two: Earthquake Kits, or Shopping for Survival\" program=\"KQED Science\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/EarthquakePrep_001-1.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Day Two: Earthquake kits, or shopping for survival\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Yesterday, while my wife, Maureen, and I were mapping out our emergency plan, we took a quick inventory of our emergency supplies. That is, we rifled through the briar patch that is our hallway closet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our key takeaways: The first aid kit was pretty depleted. Why? Because we’ve been dipping into it for everyday scrapes and burns, rendering the “emergency” in “emergency supplies” meaningless. But there were a few good items, including a hand crank AM/FM radio that triples as both a flashlight and phone charger. We also located the student survival kit purchased from my daughter’s day care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All in all, while we had the \u003cem>beginnings\u003c/em> of an earthquake kit, we did not have an \u003cem>actual\u003c/em> earthquake kit. There were some glaring omissions, like food and water, for instance, and our organization was lacking. Considering that the USGS \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/science-application-risk-reduction/science/haywired-scenario?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects\">forecasts\u003c/a> the displacement of 77,000 to 152,000 households from a 7.0 earthquake on the Hayward Fault, this was not good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I decided to break my kit preparation into two sessions. First day, shopping; second day, assembling. I used the American Red Cross \u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/survival-kit-supplies.html\">list of 15 essential items\u003c/a> as a blueprint for the minimum inventory of what we needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Water: one gallon per person, per day; three-day supply for evacuation, two-week supply for home\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Food: nonperishable, easy-to-prepare items; three-day supply for evacuation, two-week supply for home\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Flashlight\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Battery-powered or hand-crank radio, a NOAA Weather Radio, if possible\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Extra batteries\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Deluxe family first aid kit\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Medications, seven-day supply, and other necessary medical items\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Multipurpose tool\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sanitation and personal hygiene items\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Copies of personal documents: medication list and pertinent medical information, proof of address, deed/lease to home, passports, birth certificates, insurance policies\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Cellphone with chargers\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Family and emergency contact information\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Extra cash\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Emergency blanket\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Map(s) of the area\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind the American Red Cross \u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/survival-kit-supplies.html\">recommends additional items\u003c/a> you should consider, like sleeping bags, work gloves and N95 masks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949519\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949519\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/EarthquakePrep_001-1-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/EarthquakePrep_001-1-800x598.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/EarthquakePrep_001-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/EarthquakePrep_001-1-768x574.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/EarthquakePrep_001-1-1020x763.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/EarthquakePrep_001-1-1200x898.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/EarthquakePrep_001-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reporter Peter Arcuni shops for survival supplies to put into his earthquake kit. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We already had some of the essentials, so we just needed to track down the remaining items, plus a few more we thought were important. Our shopping list included water, food, cash, first aid kit, flashlights, batteries, cell phone charging pack, local maps, hygienic items and the ever-popular all-purpose emergency standby, duct tape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this challenge, I headed to nearby 24th Street in Noe Valley to hit the Whole Foods, Walgreens and bank, all within a two-block radius. As on the first day, I limited myself to one hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timer set.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Go.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Canned goods and venison sea salt pepper bars\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The American Red Cross recommends you keep on hand at least one gallon of water per person per day, for three days. For me, my wife and daughter, that’s nine gallons. At $0.89 a gallon, I was able to cross that off the list for under 10 bucks. Felt like a pretty good deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nonperishable food, I started with the canned goods aisle. I homed in on soups, refried beans and tuna fish, choosing in particular the brands that had pull-off tops so I wouldn’t need a can opener. True, I had a multi-use tool, which included a can opener (of sorts), but do I want to be attempting to poke holes through cans of refried beans during an earthquake emergency? No.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next up: granola bars. Lots of options, of course, so I went for variety, making sure to accommodate my wife’s request for those that are peanut-butter flavored. The venison sea salt pepper bars looked classy, if somewhat pricey, so I decided to indulge.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Small bills, please\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Next up was the bank for some cold, hard cash. With power and network outages likely in the event of a big earthquake or other emergency, the places where they still keep the actual money may prove to be inaccessible, and ATMs could very well go down, too. Not to mention credit card machines. So if you end up needing to pay for something, from a bottle of water to a hotel room, you are going to have to use existing cash on hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much? That depends on the number of people in your family and where you live, according to Brian Ferguson, from the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services. Emergency experts recommend small denominations, so you won’t have to worry about getting change from stores that may not be able to give it. So I went for a mix of 20s, 10s, fives and ones. And one two-dollar bill for good luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Drugstore\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>I found most of my other items at the pharmacy. Medications aren’t a major issue for my family, but I picked up some extra pain reliever, antihistamine and children’s Tylenol, just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you do take medications, the American Red Cross recommends having a seven-day supply, as well as a list of what they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Final thoughts: Day Two\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The shopping trip, when factoring in the ride to and from my house, took just about an hour and change. I was able to get most of the items on my list. Here’s where I came up short:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local maps\u003c/strong>: These are good to keep on hand if you need to evacuate while cell networks are down. Neither Whole Foods nor Walgreens carried them, but you can find maps at \u003ca href=\"https://www.aaa.com/mapgallery/\">AAA\u003c/a> or order online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cellphone battery charging pack\u003c/strong>: Walgreens had one, but I wasn’t sure it was right for me. So I’m planning to do some research before buying. There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/s?k=emergency+phone+charger&crid=2CXQDD1XT85YG&sprefix=emergency+phone+c%2Caps%2C205&ref=nb_sb_ss_i_1_17\">several options\u003c/a> available online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forgetting to check expiration on food\u003c/strong>: One could assume — and by one, I mean me — that if food is wrapped in plastic, it is nonperishable. This is not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While evaluating my haul my wife asked if I checked the “best by” dates on the food. I had not. We found that while the canned goods would remain edible for a number of years, about half the granola bars I picked out listed dates about six months from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Me: But what does date that mean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maureen: Could we get sick?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Me: Maybe. I don’t think so. But …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end we removed these from the kit. Further research showed we probably would’ve been fine, even if our bars lost their flavor over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a breakdown from \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/food-safety/how-to-tell-whether-expired-food-is-safe-to-eat/\">Consumer Reports\u003c/a> on good rules of thumb for nonperishables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you should always check the expiration dates on your food items, and you’ll also want check your kit periodically to refresh any expired items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In sum, it appears you can grab many of the basic necessities for a survival kit over the course of an hour or a little longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, if convenience is a priority, both the \u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/store/preparedness\">American Red Cross\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/s?k=earthquake+survival+kit&crid=3GMZ4T10S4KQ3&sprefix=earthquak%2Caps%2C247&ref=nb_sb_ss_i_2_9\">Amazon\u003c/a> have a variety of survival kits available for a range of prices. Consider your time and needs — this may be a good way to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up next, I’ll organize my supplies into a proper earthquake kit!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2019/10/ArcuniPreparingfortheBigOne.mp3\" title=\"Day Three: Putting Together My Earthquake Kits\" program=\"KQED Science\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_001.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Day Three: Putting together my earthquake kit\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A quick note about fatigue: After the first few days of this challenge, I was riding high. Emergency plan, check. Trunkload of survival supplies, yup. Then … the inevitable crash. After a full day of work, making dinner, cleaning the kitchen, bathing my kid, and putting her to bed, I was spent. So I psyched myself up, mustered all the energy I could, and … watched “The Great British Bake Off” on Netflix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was delightful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re only human. Carving out an hour on a given day may not be possible, emotionally or otherwise. So I decided to give myself credit for what I’d already accomplished and go back at it the next morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which I did. I started by laying out my earthquake supplies on the living room floor. Satisfying as it was to look at, I still needed to put them somewhere I could find them in a true emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>“Organize disaster supplies in convenient locations…Keep them where you spend most of your time, so they can be reached even if your building is badly damaged.” — Earthquake Country Alliance\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/2005/15/gip-15.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey (PDF)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step3/\">EarthquakeCountry.org\u003c/a> provide an assortment of tips on preparing and storing your kits. Here are a few:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Use backpacks for personal survival kits because they’re easy to grab if you need to evacuate. You want one for each person in your household.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You can keep a larger disaster kit in a plastic bin or other waterproof container. This should contain additional food and water, first aid items and other supplies, like an emergency radio, for instance, that you would need if you have to stay put for a while. This kit should also be easy to move around the house or load into a car if necessary.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Sifting through the bedroom closet, I found what I needed: a green plastic tub with a lid and handles for my household kit, and a black backpack with compartments for my to-go bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After packing my supplies into them, I scouted for storage locations. The bin slid nicely under the bench beside our bed, and I cleared out the bottom shelf of the hallway closet for the backpack, since it’s centrally located in the house. I then stashed some extra gallon jugs of water alongside the bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949522\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_001-800x545.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_001-800x545.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_001-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_001-768x523.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_001-1020x694.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_001-1200x817.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_001.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Organizing survival supplies is an important step in readiness planning, according to emergency experts. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Emergency experts recommend that you also have survival kits for your car and workplace. For today, I focused mainly on the home, though I did throw water, towels and a blanket in the car. I’m considering ordering online additional prepacked kits for the car and work.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Bags for shoes and stuffed animals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Here’s something I hadn’t thought about: Say a big earthquake hits at two in the morning. Suddenly, I’d be in the dark with broken glass and debris all over the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The aftermath of an earthquake is no time to wander around the house barefoot. That’s why experts recommend putting a pair of shoes or boots, plus a flashlight, in a plastic bag tied to the foot of your bed or nightstand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That ensures that you have quick access to getting something on your feet and allows you to safely get up, survey what’s happened to your home and check on your loved ones,” said Cynthia Shaw from \u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/local/california/northern-california-coastal.html\">Red Cross Northern California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this, I used kitchen twine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For my 4-year-old daughter, I made up a special bag to add to my to-go backpack. Emergencies can be scary, and they can also involve waiting around for long stretches of time without much to do. So USGS recommends including “comfort items, such as games, crayons, writing materials, and teddy bears” for the little ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With my daughter’s help, we picked out a soft blanket with purple butterflies on it, coloring pad, storybook and one of her favorite stuffed foxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Not just supplies — documents, too\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After I took inventory and shopped for supplies, I had tracked down most of the 15 essential survival items recommended by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/survival-kit-supplies.html\">American Red Cross\u003c/a>, along with some additions, to populate my kit. I even found the Bay Area and California maps I was looking for in the glove box of my car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I’m done, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When putting together survival supplies, it’s easy to obsess over gear and rations. But in emergencies, information matters too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember these checklist items from Day Two?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u003ci>Item 10: Copies of personal documents: medication list and pertinent medical information, proof of address, deed/lease to home, passports, birth certificates, insurance policies\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u003ci>Item 12: Family and emergency contact information \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, my wife and I had written out a list of our contacts and made sure we had them in our phones. But we didn’t make a paper copy with the actual numbers, which is important in case cell service isn’t available or you can’t charge your phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FEMA has a pre-made \u003ca href=\"https://www.ready.gov/kids/make-a-plan\">emergency contact form\u003c/a> you can fill out on your computer and print for your wallet, survival kits and car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the documents, we got as far as sorting through the file cabinet where we keep these types of things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today I decided to fire up the old all-in-one printer-scanner-copier and take care of business. But if you’re like me, nine times out of 10 your ink cartridge is empty. Today was no exception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I’ve got to get that ink, find a local copy shop or ask the kind people at KQED if it’s okay to print out a few documents for a good cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s was my hour for today. Tomorrow, I’ll be getting out the tool box to make a few home improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2019/10/ArcuniPreparingBigOne4c.mp3\" title=\"Day Four: Securing the Home\" program=\"KQED Science\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_008.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Day Four: Securing the home\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One thing I learned while researching this challenge was that most people who got hurt during earthquakes like Loma Prieta in the Bay Area and Northridge in the Los Angeles area didn’t have buildings or structures collapse on them. Many of the injuries were caused by falling objects or furniture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for my final hour of this week’s earthquake prep, I surveyed my apartment to see what home improvements I could tackle to make it safer in the event of a big quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthquake Country Alliance has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step1/\">thorough guide\u003c/a> to securing your space. Here’s what to look out for:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Heavy objects hung on the wall, like mirrors or art in glass picture frames\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Loose objects stored on open shelves or bookcases which can fly through the air during a quake\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Top-heavy furniture, like dressers, bookcases or TVs that could tip over\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In particular, experts say to look out for these potential hazards near places where you spend a lot of time: beds, couches, desks, the kids’ favorite play spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a quick perusal for hazards, I detected a big problem: the large print hanging over our couch in a glass-paned metal frame. My brother got it for us in Nashville, and it really ties the room together. But, it was either gonna have to go or be moved to a safer spot away from the sofa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another danger zone: the dresser next to my bed, with a digital camera, ceramic mason jar and mementos, including a hefty amethyst stone, lying on top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I took a quick trip to San Francisco’s Glen Park Hardware, where a few helpful employees showed me some stuff I could use to lock things down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big find was a product called Museum Wax, which is putty you stick underneath an object so it’ll stay attached to a surface. This was just the ticket for objects like my amethyst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The store also sold furniture safety straps, which let you attach freestanding shelves and armoires to the wall. These use hook-and-eye fixtures and industrial-strength Velcro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I left with the museum wax and a heavy-duty frame hanger that had three nail anchor points for remounting the print.\u003cbr>\n[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation='Brian Ferguson, Cal OES']‘Any amount of preparation will make you safer than no preparation.’[/pullquote]At home, I lifted the frame off the wall. Its weight confirmed that I’d rather not have it crash on my head under any circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I picked a spot on the opposite wall, across from the sofa, and hammered away. Once the frame was up, I took a breather on the sofa … with a renewed sense of calm.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Final thoughts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That’s it for my hour-a-day earthquake readiness prep. These four days have taught me that spending just an hour here and there can make a world of difference when it comes to getting ready for the next emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes it wore me out. But the 4.5 magnitude quake that rumbled my sofa as I wrote Monday night, and another on Tuesday, offered the jolts of motivation I needed to persevere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s more to do, for sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In four hours, though, I mapped out an emergency plan, prepped survival kits and made my home a safer, or at least less hazardous, place. I’ll repeat here what Brian Ferguson with Cal OES told me on the first day of this challenge:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any amount of preparation will make you safer than no preparation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While I have your ear, let’s cram in a few final bits of advice I picked up from experts along the way:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your emergency readiness will depend on your own circumstances. So prepare accordingly. For example, living on landfill in the Bay Area means you may want to take extra steps to secure your home; whereas living in wildfire prone areas may require different preparations. Perhaps you have a large family or pets to consider. We have just one pet, a betta fish named Emily. What would we do with her if the Big One hits? I’ll have to think on that one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter your priorities, readiness experts recommend signing up for emergency alerts. California has an early warning \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949333/download-californias-new-earthquake-early-warning-app\">ShakeAlert app\u003c/a>. Any amount of extra time you have could save your life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And finally, make a conscious effort to put gas in your car \u003ci>before\u003c/i> the low fuel light comes on. It’ll help if you ever have to evacuate. From now on, I’m gonna try. If nothing else, it’ll make my mom happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Science reporter Peter Arcuni prepares for an earthquake over four days, spending just an hour each day. Here's how to get ready for the next big Bay Area temblor — the one scientists say is inevitable.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846097,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":118,"wordCount":4653},"headData":{"title":"Prepping for the Next Big Quake: One Hour a Day, Four Days | KQED","description":"Science reporter Peter Arcuni prepares for an earthquake over four days, spending just an hour each day. Here's how to get ready for the next big Bay Area temblor — the one scientists say is inevitable.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Prepping for the Next Big Quake: One Hour a Day, Four Days","datePublished":"2023-02-06T22:45:11.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:21:37.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Earthquakes","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2019/10/ArcuniEarthquakePrep.mp3","sticky":false,"audioTrackLength":183,"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1949019/its-about-time-how-to-get-ready-for-the-next-emergency","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ci>Are you feeling less than secure about how ready you are for a major earthquake emergency? That’s how many of us at KQED were feeling in the wake of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/06/1154818692/turkey-earthquake-syria-rescue-disaster\">the magnitude 7.8 earthquake that struck southeastern Turkey and northern Syria early Monday\u003c/a>. The quake — which has so far killed more than 3,400 people — was followed by at least 55 aftershocks of magnitude 4.3 or greater, \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/?extent=-30.14513,-76.28906&extent=73.92247,151.34766&sort=smallest&listOnlyShown=true&baseLayer=terrain\">according to the U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/a>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Back in 2019, we asked science reporter Peter Arcuni to lead us through a four-day prep, spending one hour a day. Here’s how to get ready for the next big Bay Area temblor — the one scientists say is inevitable.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Day One was all about making an emergency plan; Days Two and Three he devoted to assembling earthquake kits. For the final day, Peter took steps to make his home more earthquake safe.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on Oct. 16, 2019. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Let’s get started\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, I awoke to a sound like thunder. Was it a low-flying jet? A truck zooming past? In one, raucous jolt, the mattress, with me atop it, bobbled on its frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time I realized what was going on, the shake, rattle and roll were over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Did you feel that?” I shouted to my wife and daughter in the other room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No answer. Of course, they were fine, just too caught up in playing fairies, or trolls, or maybe fairy trolls, to notice a mere 3.6 magnitude quake. But the shock was enough for me to read the writing clear across the bedroom wall: \u003cem>It was time to make an earthquake plan\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah, right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve lived in the Bay Area for 16 years, and just about annually I get a brief moment of religion when it comes to quake preparedness. But even though seismic experts offer ample evidence to remind us a big earthquake is not a matter of if, but when, I \u003cem>still\u003c/em> haven’t followed through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"Resources\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/library/Margin_Step_3_Infographics_Flyer.pdf\">Earthquake Country Alliance pamphlet (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ready.gov/plan\">FEMA Ready.gov site\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/survival-kit-supplies.html\">American Red Cross survival kit supply list\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/content/dam/redcross/atg/PDF_s/Preparedness___Disaster_Recovery/Disaster_Preparedness/Earthquake/Earthquake.pdf\">earthquake safety checklist\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True, I’ve got plenty of excuses. In the early days, common sense collided with a misguided feeling of invincibility. Later, it was work, marriage, grad school, fatherhood. Frankly, now in my spare time, I’d simply rather be playing Candyland with my four-year-old daughter than shopping for emergency supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, it’s the same old story: Life is full and busy, and preparing for disaster feels overwhelming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But guess what? Now I’ve actually been \u003cem>assigned\u003c/em> earthquake preparation by my editors, in the hope we can show that it’s possible to get ready for a disaster in a reasonable amount of time, even amidst the usual perpetual commitments of work, family and daily living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So here are the ground rules for this challenge. For each of four days, I’m allowed to commit just one hour to earthquake preparation, using only the free time I would normally have outside work and family life.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"Yesterday, we had only a vague notion of what to do if a big earthquake hit. Today we have a solid plan we feel pretty good about.","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Join me in finding out how ready we can be in just one hour a day, over four days. I’ll chronicle my success — or not — right here. We may not get to everything, but as I learned from the experts, doing any amount of preparation matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing I realized while embarking on this project: The difference between preparedness and perpetual optimism could be the difference between life and death. In 2018, KQED’s Craig Miller \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933064/map-are-you-in-the-severe-damage-zone-for-the-bay-areas-next-big-earthquake\">wrote a story about the Hayward Fault\u003c/a>, which runs 40 miles through the East Bay’s most densely populated areas and could produce the proverbial Big One at any time:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The U.S. Geological Survey projects that in the aftermath of a magnitude 7.0 quake on the Hayward, 2,500 people would need immediate rescue. Serious questions remain about whether emergency responders could get to everyone’s aid, given that roads are likely to be blocked and water for fighting fires cut off in many areas — possibly for weeks or months.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>“In terms of exposure of hospitals, schools, lifelines, it’s really unequaled,” said UC Berkeley seismologist Roland Burgmann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So … this is a not just an assignment for a journalist, it’s an assignment for \u003cem>everybody\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2019/10/ArcuniEarthquakePrep.mp3","title":"Day One: Make a Plan","program":"KQED Science","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_007.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Day One: Make a plan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Generally speaking, earthquake preparedness is broken into three categories:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Having survival supplies ready to go\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Safety-proofing your home\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Making an emergency plan for the earthquake and its aftermath\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>I decided to begin my four days of preparation by making an emergency plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Ferguson, with the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES), says it’s one of the most important steps you can take.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a great dinner table conversation that all families should have, if there’s an emergency, here’s what we would do,” he said. “‘We would meet you at this place, we would go this way.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told me there’s no one-size-fits-all blueprint, so you’ll need to tailor your plan to your own circumstances. But some guidelines apply to everybody, such as …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Doorways are out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949266\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949266\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_004-800x593.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"593\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_004-800x593.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_004-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_004-768x569.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_004-1020x755.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_004-1200x889.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_004.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peter Arcuni, his wife, Maureen, and their daughter, Izzy, read a book after collecting all the materials for their earthquake preparedness kit. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My first conversation today was with my preschooler, Izzy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Izzy, do you know what an earthquake is?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s when the ground shakes and you have to go hide under a table.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hide under the table. That’s a great idea — you know more than I do!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a widespread \u003ca href=\"https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/climate-weather/storms/10-pieces-of-disaster-safety-advice-you-should-ignore4.htm\">myth\u003c/a> that standing in the doorway is the most protective place to be during a major quake. But most experts say, forget it. Here’s what the U.S. Geological Survey recommends:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“DROP, COVER, AND HOLD ON. If you are indoors, when you feel strong earthquake shaking, drop to the floor, take cover under a sturdy desk or table, and hold on to it firmly until the shaking stops. If you are not near a desk or table, drop to the floor against an interior wall and protect your head and neck with your arms.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Got it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After we tucked the little one in, my wife Maureen and I went to the couch to write out our emergency plan. For this we decided to focus on a handful of essential items from the USGS handbook:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Locate a safe place outside of your home for your family to meet after the shaking stops.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Establish an out-of-area contact person everyone in the household can call to relay information.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provide all family members with a list of important contact phone numbers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Determine where you can live if you can’t stay in your home after an earthquake or other disaster. In other words: Ask friends or relatives in advance if they might be willing to put you up when the Big One hits.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Sounds like a lot. But it took us just under an hour — 56 minutes — to hash most of this out. We even called my cousin in Menlo Park, who agreed to shelter us in case we need to evacuate San Francisco. Because we appeared to have woken her from a deep slumber, I’ll need to confirm she actually \u003cem>remembers\u003c/em> what she’s gotten herself into next time I see her. \u003cem>Sorry to wake you up Carin. And, thanks!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Final thoughts: Day One\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I admit I was feeling a bit daunted by the thought of starting this challenge. But I agreed with my wife when she said, “It was not \u003cem>so\u003c/em> bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday, we had only a vague notion of what to do if a big earthquake hit. Today we have a solid plan we feel pretty good about. We have more to do, for sure, but this is a good start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Brian Ferguson from Cal OES put it: “People feel intimidated by it, but any amount of preparation will make you safer than no preparation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tomorrow for our earthquake prep challenge, I’ll go shopping — fun! — for survival supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2019/10/ArcuniPreparingBigOne.mp3","title":"Day Two: Earthquake Kits, or Shopping for Survival","program":"KQED Science","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/EarthquakePrep_001-1.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Day Two: Earthquake kits, or shopping for survival\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Yesterday, while my wife, Maureen, and I were mapping out our emergency plan, we took a quick inventory of our emergency supplies. That is, we rifled through the briar patch that is our hallway closet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our key takeaways: The first aid kit was pretty depleted. Why? Because we’ve been dipping into it for everyday scrapes and burns, rendering the “emergency” in “emergency supplies” meaningless. But there were a few good items, including a hand crank AM/FM radio that triples as both a flashlight and phone charger. We also located the student survival kit purchased from my daughter’s day care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All in all, while we had the \u003cem>beginnings\u003c/em> of an earthquake kit, we did not have an \u003cem>actual\u003c/em> earthquake kit. There were some glaring omissions, like food and water, for instance, and our organization was lacking. Considering that the USGS \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/science-application-risk-reduction/science/haywired-scenario?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects\">forecasts\u003c/a> the displacement of 77,000 to 152,000 households from a 7.0 earthquake on the Hayward Fault, this was not good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I decided to break my kit preparation into two sessions. First day, shopping; second day, assembling. I used the American Red Cross \u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/survival-kit-supplies.html\">list of 15 essential items\u003c/a> as a blueprint for the minimum inventory of what we needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Water: one gallon per person, per day; three-day supply for evacuation, two-week supply for home\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Food: nonperishable, easy-to-prepare items; three-day supply for evacuation, two-week supply for home\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Flashlight\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Battery-powered or hand-crank radio, a NOAA Weather Radio, if possible\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Extra batteries\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Deluxe family first aid kit\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Medications, seven-day supply, and other necessary medical items\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Multipurpose tool\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sanitation and personal hygiene items\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Copies of personal documents: medication list and pertinent medical information, proof of address, deed/lease to home, passports, birth certificates, insurance policies\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Cellphone with chargers\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Family and emergency contact information\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Extra cash\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Emergency blanket\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Map(s) of the area\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind the American Red Cross \u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/survival-kit-supplies.html\">recommends additional items\u003c/a> you should consider, like sleeping bags, work gloves and N95 masks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949519\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949519\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/EarthquakePrep_001-1-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/EarthquakePrep_001-1-800x598.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/EarthquakePrep_001-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/EarthquakePrep_001-1-768x574.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/EarthquakePrep_001-1-1020x763.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/EarthquakePrep_001-1-1200x898.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/EarthquakePrep_001-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reporter Peter Arcuni shops for survival supplies to put into his earthquake kit. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We already had some of the essentials, so we just needed to track down the remaining items, plus a few more we thought were important. Our shopping list included water, food, cash, first aid kit, flashlights, batteries, cell phone charging pack, local maps, hygienic items and the ever-popular all-purpose emergency standby, duct tape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this challenge, I headed to nearby 24th Street in Noe Valley to hit the Whole Foods, Walgreens and bank, all within a two-block radius. As on the first day, I limited myself to one hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timer set.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Go.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Canned goods and venison sea salt pepper bars\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The American Red Cross recommends you keep on hand at least one gallon of water per person per day, for three days. For me, my wife and daughter, that’s nine gallons. At $0.89 a gallon, I was able to cross that off the list for under 10 bucks. Felt like a pretty good deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nonperishable food, I started with the canned goods aisle. I homed in on soups, refried beans and tuna fish, choosing in particular the brands that had pull-off tops so I wouldn’t need a can opener. True, I had a multi-use tool, which included a can opener (of sorts), but do I want to be attempting to poke holes through cans of refried beans during an earthquake emergency? No.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next up: granola bars. Lots of options, of course, so I went for variety, making sure to accommodate my wife’s request for those that are peanut-butter flavored. The venison sea salt pepper bars looked classy, if somewhat pricey, so I decided to indulge.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Small bills, please\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Next up was the bank for some cold, hard cash. With power and network outages likely in the event of a big earthquake or other emergency, the places where they still keep the actual money may prove to be inaccessible, and ATMs could very well go down, too. Not to mention credit card machines. So if you end up needing to pay for something, from a bottle of water to a hotel room, you are going to have to use existing cash on hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much? That depends on the number of people in your family and where you live, according to Brian Ferguson, from the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services. Emergency experts recommend small denominations, so you won’t have to worry about getting change from stores that may not be able to give it. So I went for a mix of 20s, 10s, fives and ones. And one two-dollar bill for good luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Drugstore\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>I found most of my other items at the pharmacy. Medications aren’t a major issue for my family, but I picked up some extra pain reliever, antihistamine and children’s Tylenol, just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you do take medications, the American Red Cross recommends having a seven-day supply, as well as a list of what they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Final thoughts: Day Two\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The shopping trip, when factoring in the ride to and from my house, took just about an hour and change. I was able to get most of the items on my list. Here’s where I came up short:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local maps\u003c/strong>: These are good to keep on hand if you need to evacuate while cell networks are down. Neither Whole Foods nor Walgreens carried them, but you can find maps at \u003ca href=\"https://www.aaa.com/mapgallery/\">AAA\u003c/a> or order online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cellphone battery charging pack\u003c/strong>: Walgreens had one, but I wasn’t sure it was right for me. So I’m planning to do some research before buying. There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/s?k=emergency+phone+charger&crid=2CXQDD1XT85YG&sprefix=emergency+phone+c%2Caps%2C205&ref=nb_sb_ss_i_1_17\">several options\u003c/a> available online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forgetting to check expiration on food\u003c/strong>: One could assume — and by one, I mean me — that if food is wrapped in plastic, it is nonperishable. This is not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While evaluating my haul my wife asked if I checked the “best by” dates on the food. I had not. We found that while the canned goods would remain edible for a number of years, about half the granola bars I picked out listed dates about six months from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Me: But what does date that mean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maureen: Could we get sick?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Me: Maybe. I don’t think so. But …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end we removed these from the kit. Further research showed we probably would’ve been fine, even if our bars lost their flavor over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a breakdown from \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/food-safety/how-to-tell-whether-expired-food-is-safe-to-eat/\">Consumer Reports\u003c/a> on good rules of thumb for nonperishables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you should always check the expiration dates on your food items, and you’ll also want check your kit periodically to refresh any expired items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In sum, it appears you can grab many of the basic necessities for a survival kit over the course of an hour or a little longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, if convenience is a priority, both the \u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/store/preparedness\">American Red Cross\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/s?k=earthquake+survival+kit&crid=3GMZ4T10S4KQ3&sprefix=earthquak%2Caps%2C247&ref=nb_sb_ss_i_2_9\">Amazon\u003c/a> have a variety of survival kits available for a range of prices. Consider your time and needs — this may be a good way to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up next, I’ll organize my supplies into a proper earthquake kit!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2019/10/ArcuniPreparingfortheBigOne.mp3","title":"Day Three: Putting Together My Earthquake Kits","program":"KQED Science","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_001.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Day Three: Putting together my earthquake kit\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A quick note about fatigue: After the first few days of this challenge, I was riding high. Emergency plan, check. Trunkload of survival supplies, yup. Then … the inevitable crash. After a full day of work, making dinner, cleaning the kitchen, bathing my kid, and putting her to bed, I was spent. So I psyched myself up, mustered all the energy I could, and … watched “The Great British Bake Off” on Netflix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was delightful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re only human. Carving out an hour on a given day may not be possible, emotionally or otherwise. So I decided to give myself credit for what I’d already accomplished and go back at it the next morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which I did. I started by laying out my earthquake supplies on the living room floor. Satisfying as it was to look at, I still needed to put them somewhere I could find them in a true emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>“Organize disaster supplies in convenient locations…Keep them where you spend most of your time, so they can be reached even if your building is badly damaged.” — Earthquake Country Alliance\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/2005/15/gip-15.pdf\">U.S. Geological Survey (PDF)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step3/\">EarthquakeCountry.org\u003c/a> provide an assortment of tips on preparing and storing your kits. Here are a few:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Use backpacks for personal survival kits because they’re easy to grab if you need to evacuate. You want one for each person in your household.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You can keep a larger disaster kit in a plastic bin or other waterproof container. This should contain additional food and water, first aid items and other supplies, like an emergency radio, for instance, that you would need if you have to stay put for a while. This kit should also be easy to move around the house or load into a car if necessary.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Sifting through the bedroom closet, I found what I needed: a green plastic tub with a lid and handles for my household kit, and a black backpack with compartments for my to-go bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After packing my supplies into them, I scouted for storage locations. The bin slid nicely under the bench beside our bed, and I cleared out the bottom shelf of the hallway closet for the backpack, since it’s centrally located in the house. I then stashed some extra gallon jugs of water alongside the bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949522\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_001-800x545.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_001-800x545.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_001-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_001-768x523.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_001-1020x694.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_001-1200x817.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_001.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Organizing survival supplies is an important step in readiness planning, according to emergency experts. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Emergency experts recommend that you also have survival kits for your car and workplace. For today, I focused mainly on the home, though I did throw water, towels and a blanket in the car. I’m considering ordering online additional prepacked kits for the car and work.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Bags for shoes and stuffed animals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Here’s something I hadn’t thought about: Say a big earthquake hits at two in the morning. Suddenly, I’d be in the dark with broken glass and debris all over the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The aftermath of an earthquake is no time to wander around the house barefoot. That’s why experts recommend putting a pair of shoes or boots, plus a flashlight, in a plastic bag tied to the foot of your bed or nightstand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That ensures that you have quick access to getting something on your feet and allows you to safely get up, survey what’s happened to your home and check on your loved ones,” said Cynthia Shaw from \u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/local/california/northern-california-coastal.html\">Red Cross Northern California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this, I used kitchen twine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For my 4-year-old daughter, I made up a special bag to add to my to-go backpack. Emergencies can be scary, and they can also involve waiting around for long stretches of time without much to do. So USGS recommends including “comfort items, such as games, crayons, writing materials, and teddy bears” for the little ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With my daughter’s help, we picked out a soft blanket with purple butterflies on it, coloring pad, storybook and one of her favorite stuffed foxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Not just supplies — documents, too\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After I took inventory and shopped for supplies, I had tracked down most of the 15 essential survival items recommended by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies/survival-kit-supplies.html\">American Red Cross\u003c/a>, along with some additions, to populate my kit. I even found the Bay Area and California maps I was looking for in the glove box of my car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I’m done, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When putting together survival supplies, it’s easy to obsess over gear and rations. But in emergencies, information matters too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember these checklist items from Day Two?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u003ci>Item 10: Copies of personal documents: medication list and pertinent medical information, proof of address, deed/lease to home, passports, birth certificates, insurance policies\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\u003ci>Item 12: Family and emergency contact information \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, my wife and I had written out a list of our contacts and made sure we had them in our phones. But we didn’t make a paper copy with the actual numbers, which is important in case cell service isn’t available or you can’t charge your phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FEMA has a pre-made \u003ca href=\"https://www.ready.gov/kids/make-a-plan\">emergency contact form\u003c/a> you can fill out on your computer and print for your wallet, survival kits and car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the documents, we got as far as sorting through the file cabinet where we keep these types of things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today I decided to fire up the old all-in-one printer-scanner-copier and take care of business. But if you’re like me, nine times out of 10 your ink cartridge is empty. Today was no exception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I’ve got to get that ink, find a local copy shop or ask the kind people at KQED if it’s okay to print out a few documents for a good cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s was my hour for today. Tomorrow, I’ll be getting out the tool box to make a few home improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2019/10/ArcuniPreparingBigOne4c.mp3","title":"Day Four: Securing the Home","program":"KQED Science","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Earthquakekit_008.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Day Four: Securing the home\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One thing I learned while researching this challenge was that most people who got hurt during earthquakes like Loma Prieta in the Bay Area and Northridge in the Los Angeles area didn’t have buildings or structures collapse on them. Many of the injuries were caused by falling objects or furniture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for my final hour of this week’s earthquake prep, I surveyed my apartment to see what home improvements I could tackle to make it safer in the event of a big quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthquake Country Alliance has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakecountry.org/step1/\">thorough guide\u003c/a> to securing your space. Here’s what to look out for:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Heavy objects hung on the wall, like mirrors or art in glass picture frames\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Loose objects stored on open shelves or bookcases which can fly through the air during a quake\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Top-heavy furniture, like dressers, bookcases or TVs that could tip over\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In particular, experts say to look out for these potential hazards near places where you spend a lot of time: beds, couches, desks, the kids’ favorite play spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a quick perusal for hazards, I detected a big problem: the large print hanging over our couch in a glass-paned metal frame. My brother got it for us in Nashville, and it really ties the room together. But, it was either gonna have to go or be moved to a safer spot away from the sofa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another danger zone: the dresser next to my bed, with a digital camera, ceramic mason jar and mementos, including a hefty amethyst stone, lying on top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I took a quick trip to San Francisco’s Glen Park Hardware, where a few helpful employees showed me some stuff I could use to lock things down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big find was a product called Museum Wax, which is putty you stick underneath an object so it’ll stay attached to a surface. This was just the ticket for objects like my amethyst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The store also sold furniture safety straps, which let you attach freestanding shelves and armoires to the wall. These use hook-and-eye fixtures and industrial-strength Velcro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I left with the museum wax and a heavy-duty frame hanger that had three nail anchor points for remounting the print.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Any amount of preparation will make you safer than no preparation.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Brian Ferguson, Cal OES","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At home, I lifted the frame off the wall. Its weight confirmed that I’d rather not have it crash on my head under any circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I picked a spot on the opposite wall, across from the sofa, and hammered away. Once the frame was up, I took a breather on the sofa … with a renewed sense of calm.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Final thoughts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That’s it for my hour-a-day earthquake readiness prep. These four days have taught me that spending just an hour here and there can make a world of difference when it comes to getting ready for the next emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes it wore me out. But the 4.5 magnitude quake that rumbled my sofa as I wrote Monday night, and another on Tuesday, offered the jolts of motivation I needed to persevere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s more to do, for sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In four hours, though, I mapped out an emergency plan, prepped survival kits and made my home a safer, or at least less hazardous, place. I’ll repeat here what Brian Ferguson with Cal OES told me on the first day of this challenge:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any amount of preparation will make you safer than no preparation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While I have your ear, let’s cram in a few final bits of advice I picked up from experts along the way:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your emergency readiness will depend on your own circumstances. So prepare accordingly. For example, living on landfill in the Bay Area means you may want to take extra steps to secure your home; whereas living in wildfire prone areas may require different preparations. Perhaps you have a large family or pets to consider. We have just one pet, a betta fish named Emily. What would we do with her if the Big One hits? I’ll have to think on that one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter your priorities, readiness experts recommend signing up for emergency alerts. California has an early warning \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949333/download-californias-new-earthquake-early-warning-app\">ShakeAlert app\u003c/a>. Any amount of extra time you have could save your life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And finally, make a conscious effort to put gas in your car \u003ci>before\u003c/i> the low fuel light comes on. It’ll help if you ever have to evacuate. From now on, I’m gonna try. If nothing else, it’ll make my mom happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1949019/its-about-time-how-to-get-ready-for-the-next-emergency","authors":["11368"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_38","science_40","science_4450","science_3423"],"tags":["science_1888","science_257","science_427","science_654","science_5181","science_813"],"featImg":"science_1952361","label":"source_science_1949019"},"science_1949485":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1949485","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1949485","score":null,"sort":[1571421604000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"socals-big-july-quakes-strained-a-fault-thats-been-quiet-for-500-years-study-says","title":"SoCal’s Big July Quakes Strained a Fault That’s Been Quiet for 500 Years, Study Says","publishDate":1571421604,"format":"standard","headTitle":"SoCal’s Big July Quakes Strained a Fault That’s Been Quiet for 500 Years, Study Says | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The earthquakes that hammered the Southern California desert near the town of Ridgecrest last summer involved ruptures on a web of interconnected faults and increased strain on a major nearby fault that has begun to slowly move, according to a new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Ruptures in the Ridgecrest earthquake sequence ended a few miles from the Garlock Fault, which runs east-west for 185 miles (300 kilometers) from the San Andreas Fault to Death Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The Garlock Fault has been relatively quiet for 500 years. It now has begun a process called fault creep and has slipped 0.8 inch (2 centimeters) since July, the research found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The study by geophysicists from the California Institute of Technology and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory was published in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> on Thursday, coinciding with the implementation of a statewide earthquake early warning system for the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Southern California’s largest earthquake sequence in two decades began July 4 in the Mojave Desert about 120 miles (190 kilometers) north of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">A magnitude 6.4 foreshock was followed the next day by a magnitude 7.1 mainshock and then more than 100,000 aftershocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Zachary Ross, assistant professor of geophysics at Caltech and lead author of the paper, said in a statement that it was one of the most well-documented earthquake sequences in history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Ross developed automated computer analysis of seismometer data to detect the huge number of aftershocks with precise location information, Caltech and JPL said in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The JPL scientists mapped surface ruptures of the faults with data from Japanese and European Space Agency radar satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">“I was surprised to see how much complexity there was and the number of faults that ruptured,” said Eric Fielding, a co-author of the study from JPL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">About 20 previously unknown crisscrossing faults were involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Ross said the 6.4 quake simultaneously broke faults at right angles to each other, which he characterized as surprising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">It was a commonly held idea that major earthquakes are caused by rupture of single long fault, but that has been reconsidered since a 1992 quake in the desert near Landers, California, ruptured several faults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The Ridgecrest sequence adds evidence of a more complex process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">“It’s going to force people to think hard about how we quantify seismic hazard and whether our approach to defining faults needs to change,” Ross said. “We can’t just assume that the largest faults dominate the seismic hazard if many smaller faults can link up to create these major quakes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The study was published on the 30th anniversary of the deadly magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake that badly damaged the San Francisco Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Gov. Gavin Newsom marked the occasion by formally announcing the launch of the nation’s first statewide earthquake early warning system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Alerts previously were made available to schools, government agencies, industries and industries but not the general public, except in Los Angeles County where an app-based system has been in use since January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The ShakeAlert system that has been under development by the U.S. Geological Survey and science institutions for years will now push alerts to cellphones through an app developed by the University of California, Berkeley, and the Wire Emergency Alert system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">ShakeAlert uses hundreds of seismic sensor stations to detect the start of an earthquake, calculate its location and strength and generate alerts that the app and WEA system send to phones in areas that are expected to have significant shaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The intent is to provide seconds or tens of seconds in which people can protect themselves before shaking arrives at their location.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The Garlock Fault has been relatively quiet for 500 years. It now has begun a process called fault creep.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848223,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":2,"wordCount":616},"headData":{"title":"SoCal’s Big July Quakes Strained a Fault That’s Been Quiet for 500 Years, Study Says | KQED","description":"The Garlock Fault has been relatively quiet for 500 years. It now has begun a process called fault creep.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"SoCal’s Big July Quakes Strained a Fault That’s Been Quiet for 500 Years, Study Says","datePublished":"2019-10-18T18:00:04.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:57:03.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Associated Press","sticky":false,"nprByline":"John Anticzak \u003cbr/>Associated Press\u003cbr>","path":"/science/1949485/socals-big-july-quakes-strained-a-fault-thats-been-quiet-for-500-years-study-says","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The earthquakes that hammered the Southern California desert near the town of Ridgecrest last summer involved ruptures on a web of interconnected faults and increased strain on a major nearby fault that has begun to slowly move, according to a new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Ruptures in the Ridgecrest earthquake sequence ended a few miles from the Garlock Fault, which runs east-west for 185 miles (300 kilometers) from the San Andreas Fault to Death Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The Garlock Fault has been relatively quiet for 500 years. It now has begun a process called fault creep and has slipped 0.8 inch (2 centimeters) since July, the research found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The study by geophysicists from the California Institute of Technology and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory was published in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> on Thursday, coinciding with the implementation of a statewide earthquake early warning system for the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Southern California’s largest earthquake sequence in two decades began July 4 in the Mojave Desert about 120 miles (190 kilometers) north of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">A magnitude 6.4 foreshock was followed the next day by a magnitude 7.1 mainshock and then more than 100,000 aftershocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Zachary Ross, assistant professor of geophysics at Caltech and lead author of the paper, said in a statement that it was one of the most well-documented earthquake sequences in history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Ross developed automated computer analysis of seismometer data to detect the huge number of aftershocks with precise location information, Caltech and JPL said in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The JPL scientists mapped surface ruptures of the faults with data from Japanese and European Space Agency radar satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">“I was surprised to see how much complexity there was and the number of faults that ruptured,” said Eric Fielding, a co-author of the study from JPL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">About 20 previously unknown crisscrossing faults were involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Ross said the 6.4 quake simultaneously broke faults at right angles to each other, which he characterized as surprising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">It was a commonly held idea that major earthquakes are caused by rupture of single long fault, but that has been reconsidered since a 1992 quake in the desert near Landers, California, ruptured several faults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The Ridgecrest sequence adds evidence of a more complex process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">“It’s going to force people to think hard about how we quantify seismic hazard and whether our approach to defining faults needs to change,” Ross said. “We can’t just assume that the largest faults dominate the seismic hazard if many smaller faults can link up to create these major quakes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The study was published on the 30th anniversary of the deadly magnitude 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake that badly damaged the San Francisco Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Gov. Gavin Newsom marked the occasion by formally announcing the launch of the nation’s first statewide earthquake early warning system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">Alerts previously were made available to schools, government agencies, industries and industries but not the general public, except in Los Angeles County where an app-based system has been in use since January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The ShakeAlert system that has been under development by the U.S. Geological Survey and science institutions for years will now push alerts to cellphones through an app developed by the University of California, Berkeley, and the Wire Emergency Alert system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">ShakeAlert uses hundreds of seismic sensor stations to detect the start of an earthquake, calculate its location and strength and generate alerts that the app and WEA system send to phones in areas that are expected to have significant shaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0154 c0149\">The intent is to provide seconds or tens of seconds in which people can protect themselves before shaking arrives at their location.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1949485/socals-big-july-quakes-strained-a-fault-thats-been-quiet-for-500-years-study-says","authors":["byline_science_1949485"],"categories":["science_89","science_38"],"tags":["science_4081","science_257","science_3838","science_546"],"featImg":"science_1949492","label":"source_science_1949485"},"science_1949362":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1949362","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1949362","score":null,"sort":[1571341715000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-loma-prieta-changed-earthquake-science-building-codes-and-the-bay-area","title":"How Loma Prieta Changed Earthquake Science","publishDate":1571341715,"format":"audio","headTitle":"How Loma Prieta Changed Earthquake Science | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>For so many of us, memories of the Loma Prieta quake crystallized around Candlestick Park, where Game 3 of the 1989 A’s-Giants World Series was about to begin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many in the Bay Area had rushed home from work to watch on TV. As they waited for the first pitch to be thrown, broadcasters Al Michaels and Tim McCarver analyzed highlights from the previous game. Suddenly, the image of Jose Canseco flickered out, followed by an audio-only pronouncement of Michaels:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell ya what, I think we’re having an earth-”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, the transmission cut, before the audio returned. “I don’t know if we’re on the air or not, and I’m not sure I care at this particular moment … ” Michaels said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5fJdM69pbQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major League Baseball canceled the game. Players and fans, in a state of shock, made their way home. People already at home were glued to the radio or TV news as damage reports poured in. Fires broke out in San Francisco’s Marina District. The Cypress Viaduct pancaked. A section of the Bay Bridge caved in. A department store in Santa Cruz’s Pacific Garden Mall collapsed. The 6.9 magnitude quake \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3092/pdf/fs2014-3092.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">killed at least 63 people and caused $6-10 billion dollars\u003c/a> in property loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the public eye, away from the news teams, plenty more was going on. What happened there in the days, months and years following Oct. 17, 1989 would rewrite our understanding of how the ground moves and what we need to do to stay safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Quake Throws Scientists for a Loop\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Loma Prieta was in many ways a transformative earthquake.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Loma Prieta was in many ways a transformative earthquake,” said Bill Ellsworth, a professor of geophysics at Stanford. In 1989, he worked as a researcher at the U.S. Geological Survey headquarters in Menlo Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 5:03 p.m., Ellsworth had been preparing to leave work for the day and go home to watch the ball game. At 5:04, he said, “I felt the ground begin to move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knew instantly this was no ordinary small-scale temblor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Often we feel earthquakes and there’s kind of a sharp rattle. This was a much lower-frequency motion, and really quite large amplitude. Putting those two together told me immediately that this was going to be a significant earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He got up, braced himself in the doorframe, and “rode through the earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USGS snapped into action. Its first task was to determine the source. The agency’s automated network of sensors had gone out, as had the power and all the computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We actually did it the old-fashioned way,” said Tom Holzer, a USGS geologist. At the time Holzer was the branch chief for the team that did much of the work documenting the earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had these old recording drums . . . they’re what earthquakes used to look like before we had all the digital stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the hour, his team had pinpointed the epicenter near Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The next step was to to get organized to have people go out and document what had happened,” Holzer says. “We actually sent one person out that night. He volunteered to drive to Santa Cruz to see if the fault intersected any of the roads he was on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other USGS staff went to work supporting responders. Some of the most severe damage took place at the Cypress Viaduct, a two-tiered freeway that connected West Oakland to the MacArthur Maze. Its top level collapsed onto the bottom, and 42 people — two-thirds of the earthquake’s death toll — lost their lives there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It clearly needed to be taken down but to do that was dangerous and were another strong earthquake to occur while people were working on that, they would really be in harm’s way,” Ellsworth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within days, engineers built the first earthquake early warning system used in the United States, to alert demolition crews about coming aftershocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We placed instruments in the Loma Prieta region,” Ellsworth said, “and then if shaking were strong we would send a radio signal to the Cypress Structure, to tell people that sound an alarm to tell people that they needed to take action to be safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, there were no aftershocks during the demolition. But Ellsworth says the earthquake threw scientists for a loop in other ways. For starters, the earthquake struck in a location they had not expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A dangerous quake had seemed likely on the southern part of the 1906 rupture along the San Andreas Fault. The Loma Prieta quake was close to that, “but it was on an unknown fault we had never seen before,” Ellsworth said. “So it really reminded us that we don’t know where all the faults are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ground Motion Illuminated\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\n\u003cp>Remembering Loma Prieta and Preparing for the Next ‘Big One’\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949019/its-about-time-how-to-get-ready-for-the-next-emergency\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Prepping for the Next Big Quake, One Hour a Day. Four Days.\u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949166/photos-what-san-franciscos-marina-looked-like-after-loma-prieta-and-now\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Photos: What San Francisco’s Marina District Looked Like After Loma Prieta and Now \u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11780447/the-bay-area-remembers-loma-prieta-30-years-later\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Bay Area Remembers Loma Prieta, 30 Years Later \u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/121413/inside-candlestick-park-on-the-night-the-earth-shook\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Inside Candlestick Park on the Night the Earth Shook\u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11780734/an-earthquake-early-warning-system-in-your-pocket\">An Earthquake Early Warning System in Your Pocket \u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Before the quake, engineers generally modeled earthquake intensity the way they did volume. The closer you are to the source, the stronger the signal. The 1989 disaster showed clearly in the Bay Area how certain regions, particularly areas built on fill, or unstable soil, can amplify the motion of the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was severe damage 100 kilometers away from the epicenter. So that is much farther than we would generally expect for this size, this magnitude earthquake,” said Annemarie Baltay, a current USGS researcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just as if you have a bowl of Jell-O and you shake it once. You stop touching it. It continues to wiggle, right?” Baltay says. “But if you took a rock and you shook it and you stopped shaking, it would just stop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of extreme shaking happened in San Francisco’s Marina District, at the Cypress Viaduct, and along the Bay at the San Francisco and Oakland airports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The [building] code didn’t have a very good accommodation of what soft soils could do to modify the shaking,” Holzer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insights that came out of studying this quake spurred a lot of research. In 1990, Congress directed \u003ca href=\"https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/101/hjres423/text/enr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$40 million to the USGS\u003c/a> to study earthquakes and reduce their hazards. Scientists reassessed the earthquake threat to the region. What they learned \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/fs151-99/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">informed new building codes\u003c/a> and spurred retrofits and rebuilds around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And if we look at the way that we designed freeways before then, and now they are very different,” Ellsworth said. “I think the earthquake really helped educate the public about the reality of earthquakes and over the following years we’ve made a lot of progress in California in terms of addressing many of those problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After the earthquake, scientists snapped into action, and what they discovered would rewrite our understanding of how the ground moves and what we need to do to stay safe.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848229,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":1231},"headData":{"title":"How Loma Prieta Changed Earthquake Science | KQED","description":"After the earthquake, scientists snapped into action, and what they discovered would rewrite our understanding of how the ground moves and what we need to do to stay safe.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Loma Prieta Changed Earthquake Science","datePublished":"2019-10-17T19:48:35.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:57:09.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Earthquakes","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2019/10/LomaPrietaBseg1017.mp3","sticky":false,"audioTrackLength":323,"path":"/science/1949362/how-loma-prieta-changed-earthquake-science-building-codes-and-the-bay-area","parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For so many of us, memories of the Loma Prieta quake crystallized around Candlestick Park, where Game 3 of the 1989 A’s-Giants World Series was about to begin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many in the Bay Area had rushed home from work to watch on TV. As they waited for the first pitch to be thrown, broadcasters Al Michaels and Tim McCarver analyzed highlights from the previous game. Suddenly, the image of Jose Canseco flickered out, followed by an audio-only pronouncement of Michaels:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell ya what, I think we’re having an earth-”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, the transmission cut, before the audio returned. “I don’t know if we’re on the air or not, and I’m not sure I care at this particular moment … ” Michaels said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/P5fJdM69pbQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/P5fJdM69pbQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Major League Baseball canceled the game. Players and fans, in a state of shock, made their way home. People already at home were glued to the radio or TV news as damage reports poured in. Fires broke out in San Francisco’s Marina District. The Cypress Viaduct pancaked. A section of the Bay Bridge caved in. A department store in Santa Cruz’s Pacific Garden Mall collapsed. The 6.9 magnitude quake \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3092/pdf/fs2014-3092.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">killed at least 63 people and caused $6-10 billion dollars\u003c/a> in property loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the public eye, away from the news teams, plenty more was going on. What happened there in the days, months and years following Oct. 17, 1989 would rewrite our understanding of how the ground moves and what we need to do to stay safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Quake Throws Scientists for a Loop\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Loma Prieta was in many ways a transformative earthquake.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Loma Prieta was in many ways a transformative earthquake,” said Bill Ellsworth, a professor of geophysics at Stanford. In 1989, he worked as a researcher at the U.S. Geological Survey headquarters in Menlo Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 5:03 p.m., Ellsworth had been preparing to leave work for the day and go home to watch the ball game. At 5:04, he said, “I felt the ground begin to move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knew instantly this was no ordinary small-scale temblor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Often we feel earthquakes and there’s kind of a sharp rattle. This was a much lower-frequency motion, and really quite large amplitude. Putting those two together told me immediately that this was going to be a significant earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He got up, braced himself in the doorframe, and “rode through the earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USGS snapped into action. Its first task was to determine the source. The agency’s automated network of sensors had gone out, as had the power and all the computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We actually did it the old-fashioned way,” said Tom Holzer, a USGS geologist. At the time Holzer was the branch chief for the team that did much of the work documenting the earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had these old recording drums . . . they’re what earthquakes used to look like before we had all the digital stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the hour, his team had pinpointed the epicenter near Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The next step was to to get organized to have people go out and document what had happened,” Holzer says. “We actually sent one person out that night. He volunteered to drive to Santa Cruz to see if the fault intersected any of the roads he was on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other USGS staff went to work supporting responders. Some of the most severe damage took place at the Cypress Viaduct, a two-tiered freeway that connected West Oakland to the MacArthur Maze. Its top level collapsed onto the bottom, and 42 people — two-thirds of the earthquake’s death toll — lost their lives there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It clearly needed to be taken down but to do that was dangerous and were another strong earthquake to occur while people were working on that, they would really be in harm’s way,” Ellsworth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within days, engineers built the first earthquake early warning system used in the United States, to alert demolition crews about coming aftershocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We placed instruments in the Loma Prieta region,” Ellsworth said, “and then if shaking were strong we would send a radio signal to the Cypress Structure, to tell people that sound an alarm to tell people that they needed to take action to be safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, there were no aftershocks during the demolition. But Ellsworth says the earthquake threw scientists for a loop in other ways. For starters, the earthquake struck in a location they had not expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A dangerous quake had seemed likely on the southern part of the 1906 rupture along the San Andreas Fault. The Loma Prieta quake was close to that, “but it was on an unknown fault we had never seen before,” Ellsworth said. “So it really reminded us that we don’t know where all the faults are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ground Motion Illuminated\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\n\u003cp>Remembering Loma Prieta and Preparing for the Next ‘Big One’\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949019/its-about-time-how-to-get-ready-for-the-next-emergency\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Prepping for the Next Big Quake, One Hour a Day. Four Days.\u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949166/photos-what-san-franciscos-marina-looked-like-after-loma-prieta-and-now\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Photos: What San Francisco’s Marina District Looked Like After Loma Prieta and Now \u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11780447/the-bay-area-remembers-loma-prieta-30-years-later\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Bay Area Remembers Loma Prieta, 30 Years Later \u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/121413/inside-candlestick-park-on-the-night-the-earth-shook\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Inside Candlestick Park on the Night the Earth Shook\u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11780734/an-earthquake-early-warning-system-in-your-pocket\">An Earthquake Early Warning System in Your Pocket \u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Before the quake, engineers generally modeled earthquake intensity the way they did volume. The closer you are to the source, the stronger the signal. The 1989 disaster showed clearly in the Bay Area how certain regions, particularly areas built on fill, or unstable soil, can amplify the motion of the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was severe damage 100 kilometers away from the epicenter. So that is much farther than we would generally expect for this size, this magnitude earthquake,” said Annemarie Baltay, a current USGS researcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just as if you have a bowl of Jell-O and you shake it once. You stop touching it. It continues to wiggle, right?” Baltay says. “But if you took a rock and you shook it and you stopped shaking, it would just stop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of extreme shaking happened in San Francisco’s Marina District, at the Cypress Viaduct, and along the Bay at the San Francisco and Oakland airports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The [building] code didn’t have a very good accommodation of what soft soils could do to modify the shaking,” Holzer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insights that came out of studying this quake spurred a lot of research. In 1990, Congress directed \u003ca href=\"https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/101/hjres423/text/enr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$40 million to the USGS\u003c/a> to study earthquakes and reduce their hazards. Scientists reassessed the earthquake threat to the region. What they learned \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/fs151-99/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">informed new building codes\u003c/a> and spurred retrofits and rebuilds around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And if we look at the way that we designed freeways before then, and now they are very different,” Ellsworth said. “I think the earthquake really helped educate the public about the reality of earthquakes and over the following years we’ve made a lot of progress in California in terms of addressing many of those problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1949362/how-loma-prieta-changed-earthquake-science-building-codes-and-the-bay-area","authors":["11088"],"categories":["science_89","science_37","science_40"],"tags":["science_257","science_3370","science_3833"],"featImg":"science_1949365","label":"source_science_1949362"},"science_1946505":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1946505","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1946505","score":null,"sort":[1566334879000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nasas-insight-lander-detects-its-first-marsquake","title":"NASA's InSight Lander Detects its First Marsquake","publishDate":1566334879,"format":"standard","headTitle":"NASA’s InSight Lander Detects its First Marsquake | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Since the recent Mojave Desert and \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurancejournal.com/blogs/corelogic/2019/08/08/535205.htm\">Ridgecrest earthquakes\u003c/a>, tremors in the ground have been on people’s minds. And the approaching 30th anniversary of the \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/1989lomaprieta/\">Loma Prieta earthquake \u003c/a>reminds the Bay Area that we all live on shaky ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists —not just those who listen to Earth’s restless rumbling crust with their global arrays of seismometers — have seismic activity on their minds, too. At NASA they’ve put their ears to the ground on the planet Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1946521\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/PIA23180_raw-800x800.gif\" alt=\"Picture showing the InSight lander's seismic detection instrument, SEIS, deployed on Mars' surface. \" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/PIA23180_raw-800x800.gif 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/PIA23180_raw-160x160.gif 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/PIA23180_raw-768x768.gif 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/PIA23180_raw-1020x1020.gif 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picture showing the InSight lander’s seismic detection instrument, SEIS, deployed on Mars’ surface. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/\">NASA’s InSight\u003c/a> lander made its \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7383\">debut “marsquake” detection\u003c/a> on April 6th, with its \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/seis/\">Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure\u003c/a> (SEIS) instrument. Like a doctor’s stethoscope, SEIS is placed against the Martian surface to listen for faint sounds from deep within the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>To Feel a Marsquake\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You would not have felt the marsquake SEIS detected even had you been standing near the lander when it happened. Like the thousands of “\u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2006/15mar_moonquakes\">moonquakes\u003c/a>” that Apollo mission seismometers detected on the moon between 1969 and 1977, the April 6 Mars-tremor was little more than a \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/22429/first-likely-marsquake-heard-by-nasas-insight/?site=insight\">faint and distant murmur\u003c/a> picked up by the highly sensitive SEIS detector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get a feel for the dynamics of the marsquake, experimenters at the Swiss university \u003ca href=\"https://ethz.ch/en.html\">ETH Zurich\u003c/a> ran the SEIS tremor data through a “\u003ca href=\"https://focusterra.ethz.ch/en/museum/earthquake-simulator.html\">shake room\u003c/a>,” a simulator that replicates the motion of earthquakes from recorded seismometer data. A shake room offers a more visceral quake-replay experience than you would get simply by studying tables of figures and graphs of the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to make the marsquake even noticeable to people in the shake room, the experiment crew really had to crank up the volume on the SEIS signals–10 million times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Study Marsquakes?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The characteristic motions of quakes—the direction of shaking, the frequency of vibrations, the duration and strength of the seismic event—all tell scientists about the materials and geologic structures the seismic waves passed through on their way to the detector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946526\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1946526\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/planetary-interiors-800x491.jpg\" alt=\"Comparing the interior geologic structures of Earth, moon and Mars. Earth's interior is much better understood by virtue of decades of seismic and gravity measurements taken all over the world. With much less interior data to go on, the moon and Mars still present a lot of questions, which NASA hopes to begin answering with InSight. \" width=\"800\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/planetary-interiors-800x491.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/planetary-interiors-160x98.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/planetary-interiors-768x472.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/planetary-interiors.jpg 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comparing the interior geologic structures of Earth, moon and Mars. Earth’s interior is much better understood by virtue of decades of seismic and gravity measurements taken all over the world. With much less interior data to go on, the moon and Mars still present a lot of questions, which NASA hopes to begin answering with InSight. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Varying densities in different geologic layers bend and focus the waves in different ways and directions as they bounce and echo inside a planet, and with enough data it’s possible to map these otherwise buried and \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7460\">hidden structures.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The April 6 marsquake did not contain enough information for scientists to begin mapping the planet’s internal structure, but this first-ever detection of a tremor ringing through Mars is a resounding opening bell for a new field in science, Martian Seismology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Causes Marsquakes?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The violent collision or edge-on-edge grinding of moving crustal plates driven by upwelling currents of molten magma in the hot mantle below cause most quakes on Earth. Scientists call this process \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/plate-tectonics/\">plate tectonics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine an over-crowded bumper-car rink, packed with vehicles trying to move in their own directions. The cars push against each other in a tense state of deadlocked traffic, but occasionally, something slips and a jerk of motion passes through the cars and riders. That’s kind of how quakes go down on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Mars, as well as the moon, conditions are different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These masses have cooled off to the point that they no longer experience plate tectonics, if they ever did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, as they continue to cool their interiors are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/goddard/2019/moonquakes\">gradually contracting\u003c/a>, a global “collapse” that creates stress in the hardened crust–stress that occasionally reaches a breaking point, causing it to fracture and collapse. Marsquakes are the result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>InSight’s Insightful Mission\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists sent InSight to Mars with three \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/summary/\">main scientific instruments\u003c/a> designed to do essentially one thing: offer a look inside Mars and develop a picture of its internal structure and composition, straight to its core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seismic vibrations—marsquakes— allow scientists to listen for clues about the planet’s interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades on Earth, seismic listening posts located all around the globe have performed a similar function. They track the motion and qualities of shock waves that seismic events cause to develop a picture of Earth’s internal structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946527\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1946527\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/download-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Artist illustration of NASA's InSight lander, with its main scientific instruments and other tools labeled. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/download-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/download-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/download-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/download-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/download-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/download.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist illustration of NASA’s InSight lander, with its main scientific instruments and other tools labeled. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>InSight’s second experiment is a string of temperature sensors buried in the top few feet of Mars’ soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By measuring ground temperature at different depths, scientists can calculate how much heat is escaping from Mars’ interior into space, and estimate temperatures deeper down, even to its core. Knowing these two factors, scientists can also chart the history of the cooling of Mars from the time of its formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, scientists are measuring the \u003ca href=\"https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/features/yba/M31_velocity/spectrum/doppler_more.html\">Doppler shift\u003c/a> of InSight’s radio transmissions to make very precise calculations of Mars’ rotational motion. By analyzing peculiar wobbles and gyrations in Mars’ rotation they can glean useful information about the distribution of mass within Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is similar to how each load of laundry you run causes the washing machine to vibrate or dance to a slightly different tune during the spin cycle, as it distributes each load of wet laundry a bit differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the data points that InSight is gathering give scientists information about what’s inside Mars, how its interior is laid out, and even the geologic history of its formation over eons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding how Mars is put together and has evolved can, by example, tell us how the other rocky planets of the inner solar system—Earth, Venus, and Mercury—formed, and infer the conditions in the early solar system that shaped them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The phenomena that InSight studies are incredibly subtle: Echoes of sound ten million times too weak to feel; the slow crawl of heat through a few feet of cold soil; minute perturbations in Mars’ spin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by taking the pulse, temperature, and reflexes of Mars, scientists can begin to understand how our home planet came to be.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"On April 6th NASA's InSight lander detected its first \"marsquake\" with its SEIS instrument.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848388,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":1084},"headData":{"title":"NASA's InSight Lander Detects its First Marsquake | KQED","description":"On April 6th NASA's InSight lander detected its first "marsquake" with its SEIS instrument.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"NASA's InSight Lander Detects its First Marsquake","datePublished":"2019-08-20T21:01:19.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:59:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Astronomy","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1946505/nasas-insight-lander-detects-its-first-marsquake","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Since the recent Mojave Desert and \u003ca href=\"https://www.insurancejournal.com/blogs/corelogic/2019/08/08/535205.htm\">Ridgecrest earthquakes\u003c/a>, tremors in the ground have been on people’s minds. And the approaching 30th anniversary of the \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/events/1989lomaprieta/\">Loma Prieta earthquake \u003c/a>reminds the Bay Area that we all live on shaky ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists —not just those who listen to Earth’s restless rumbling crust with their global arrays of seismometers — have seismic activity on their minds, too. At NASA they’ve put their ears to the ground on the planet Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1946521\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/PIA23180_raw-800x800.gif\" alt=\"Picture showing the InSight lander's seismic detection instrument, SEIS, deployed on Mars' surface. \" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/PIA23180_raw-800x800.gif 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/PIA23180_raw-160x160.gif 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/PIA23180_raw-768x768.gif 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/PIA23180_raw-1020x1020.gif 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picture showing the InSight lander’s seismic detection instrument, SEIS, deployed on Mars’ surface. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/\">NASA’s InSight\u003c/a> lander made its \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7383\">debut “marsquake” detection\u003c/a> on April 6th, with its \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/seis/\">Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure\u003c/a> (SEIS) instrument. Like a doctor’s stethoscope, SEIS is placed against the Martian surface to listen for faint sounds from deep within the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>To Feel a Marsquake\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You would not have felt the marsquake SEIS detected even had you been standing near the lander when it happened. Like the thousands of “\u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2006/15mar_moonquakes\">moonquakes\u003c/a>” that Apollo mission seismometers detected on the moon between 1969 and 1977, the April 6 Mars-tremor was little more than a \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/22429/first-likely-marsquake-heard-by-nasas-insight/?site=insight\">faint and distant murmur\u003c/a> picked up by the highly sensitive SEIS detector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get a feel for the dynamics of the marsquake, experimenters at the Swiss university \u003ca href=\"https://ethz.ch/en.html\">ETH Zurich\u003c/a> ran the SEIS tremor data through a “\u003ca href=\"https://focusterra.ethz.ch/en/museum/earthquake-simulator.html\">shake room\u003c/a>,” a simulator that replicates the motion of earthquakes from recorded seismometer data. A shake room offers a more visceral quake-replay experience than you would get simply by studying tables of figures and graphs of the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to make the marsquake even noticeable to people in the shake room, the experiment crew really had to crank up the volume on the SEIS signals–10 million times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Study Marsquakes?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The characteristic motions of quakes—the direction of shaking, the frequency of vibrations, the duration and strength of the seismic event—all tell scientists about the materials and geologic structures the seismic waves passed through on their way to the detector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946526\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1946526\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/planetary-interiors-800x491.jpg\" alt=\"Comparing the interior geologic structures of Earth, moon and Mars. Earth's interior is much better understood by virtue of decades of seismic and gravity measurements taken all over the world. With much less interior data to go on, the moon and Mars still present a lot of questions, which NASA hopes to begin answering with InSight. \" width=\"800\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/planetary-interiors-800x491.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/planetary-interiors-160x98.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/planetary-interiors-768x472.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/planetary-interiors.jpg 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Comparing the interior geologic structures of Earth, moon and Mars. Earth’s interior is much better understood by virtue of decades of seismic and gravity measurements taken all over the world. With much less interior data to go on, the moon and Mars still present a lot of questions, which NASA hopes to begin answering with InSight. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Varying densities in different geologic layers bend and focus the waves in different ways and directions as they bounce and echo inside a planet, and with enough data it’s possible to map these otherwise buried and \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7460\">hidden structures.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The April 6 marsquake did not contain enough information for scientists to begin mapping the planet’s internal structure, but this first-ever detection of a tremor ringing through Mars is a resounding opening bell for a new field in science, Martian Seismology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Causes Marsquakes?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The violent collision or edge-on-edge grinding of moving crustal plates driven by upwelling currents of molten magma in the hot mantle below cause most quakes on Earth. Scientists call this process \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/plate-tectonics/\">plate tectonics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine an over-crowded bumper-car rink, packed with vehicles trying to move in their own directions. The cars push against each other in a tense state of deadlocked traffic, but occasionally, something slips and a jerk of motion passes through the cars and riders. That’s kind of how quakes go down on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Mars, as well as the moon, conditions are different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These masses have cooled off to the point that they no longer experience plate tectonics, if they ever did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, as they continue to cool their interiors are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/goddard/2019/moonquakes\">gradually contracting\u003c/a>, a global “collapse” that creates stress in the hardened crust–stress that occasionally reaches a breaking point, causing it to fracture and collapse. Marsquakes are the result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>InSight’s Insightful Mission\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists sent InSight to Mars with three \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/summary/\">main scientific instruments\u003c/a> designed to do essentially one thing: offer a look inside Mars and develop a picture of its internal structure and composition, straight to its core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seismic vibrations—marsquakes— allow scientists to listen for clues about the planet’s interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades on Earth, seismic listening posts located all around the globe have performed a similar function. They track the motion and qualities of shock waves that seismic events cause to develop a picture of Earth’s internal structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946527\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1946527\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/download-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Artist illustration of NASA's InSight lander, with its main scientific instruments and other tools labeled. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/download-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/download-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/download-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/download-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/download-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/download.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist illustration of NASA’s InSight lander, with its main scientific instruments and other tools labeled. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>InSight’s second experiment is a string of temperature sensors buried in the top few feet of Mars’ soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By measuring ground temperature at different depths, scientists can calculate how much heat is escaping from Mars’ interior into space, and estimate temperatures deeper down, even to its core. Knowing these two factors, scientists can also chart the history of the cooling of Mars from the time of its formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, scientists are measuring the \u003ca href=\"https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/features/yba/M31_velocity/spectrum/doppler_more.html\">Doppler shift\u003c/a> of InSight’s radio transmissions to make very precise calculations of Mars’ rotational motion. By analyzing peculiar wobbles and gyrations in Mars’ rotation they can glean useful information about the distribution of mass within Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is similar to how each load of laundry you run causes the washing machine to vibrate or dance to a slightly different tune during the spin cycle, as it distributes each load of wet laundry a bit differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the data points that InSight is gathering give scientists information about what’s inside Mars, how its interior is laid out, and even the geologic history of its formation over eons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding how Mars is put together and has evolved can, by example, tell us how the other rocky planets of the inner solar system—Earth, Venus, and Mercury—formed, and infer the conditions in the early solar system that shaped them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The phenomena that InSight studies are incredibly subtle: Echoes of sound ten million times too weak to feel; the slow crawl of heat through a few feet of cold soil; minute perturbations in Mars’ spin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by taking the pulse, temperature, and reflexes of Mars, scientists can begin to understand how our home planet came to be.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1946505/nasas-insight-lander-detects-its-first-marsquake","authors":["6180"],"categories":["science_28"],"tags":["science_257","science_2938","science_5179","science_5175","science_1864"],"featImg":"science_1946524","label":"source_science_1946505"},"science_1944868":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1944868","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1944868","score":null,"sort":[1562959824000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"new-sensor-promises-assessment-of-which-buildings-are-safe-after-quake","title":"New Sensor Promises Assessment of Which Buildings Are Safe After Quake","publishDate":1562959824,"format":"aside","headTitle":"New Sensor Promises Assessment of Which Buildings Are Safe After Quake | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>More than a quarter century ago, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/10084/24-years-later-the-legacy-of-loma-prieta-lives-on\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Loma Prieta\u003c/a> earthquake tore across the Bay Area landscape. The quake ruptured the Bay Bridge and ripped through buildings, killing 63 people and injuring over 3,000. More than 11,000 homes were destroyed, with over 12,000 people left homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, city managers scrambled to inspect all the damaged buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As bad as that was, it’s far less damage than what could happen to the Bay Area from an earthquake on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/13923/interactive-earthquake-map-get-to-know-your-neighborhood-fault-lines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hayward Faul\u003c/a>t, says David McCallen, a senior scientist with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">says\u003c/a> the fault, which runs for 70 miles through the middle of the urban East Bay, is “a tectonic time bomb.” Scientists have calculated about a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933064/map-are-you-in-the-severe-damage-zone-for-the-bay-areas-next-big-earthquake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30 percent chance\u003c/a> that the Hayward will “break big,” causing a quake of magnitude 6.7 or higher, within 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There will be literally hundreds to thousands of buildings that will be impacted by that earthquake,” McCallen said, “and the ability for us to recover from that is going to be a tremendous effort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCallen says he has technology that can provide city engineers with a rapid response tool to speed up the evaluation of buildings and help them determine which ones are safe to occupy after a major shaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s developed an optical sensor (remember laser pointers?) that can be installed in each floor of a skyscraper, hospital or any other building. The sensors can capture information about their structural integriy and can immediately alert managers about any serious damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sensors send information over the internet or cell networks to emergency response centers, and if all communications are down, they can communicate via satellite phones. \u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means that emergency responders can know in real time which buildings are unsafe. “This technology will give engineers a tremendous leg up in being able to understand whether that building has been damaged,” McCallen said. “They will know immediately, floor-by-floor, the likelihood of that building being damaged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944877 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-800x1041.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1041\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-800x1041.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-160x208.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-768x999.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1020x1327.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-922x1200.png 922w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1920x2498.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek.png 1574w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">Historically, scientists have used an accelerometer to measure how buildings respond to earthquakes. It’s a small mechanical vibrating device that measures accelerations in the back-and-forth movement of a building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But McCallen said the accelerometers cannot measure the vertical displacement of floors inside a building. Plus, they are costly and not widely used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sensors allow researchers to measure how two floors move relative to each other, and to detect any stress in the beams and columns of the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a whole new paradigm that allows us to measure that drift between floors directly,” McCallen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944876 size-medium alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-800x494.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-800x494.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-160x99.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-768x474.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1020x629.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1200x740.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1920x1184.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While McCallen successfully deployed the sensors using a scale model and a shake table at a laboratory at the University of Nevada, the technology must be tested in an actual earthquake on an actual building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next few months, he will install sensors at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s Wang Hall, a building close to the Hayward Fault that houses the research institution’s supercomputer, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.nersc.gov/users/computational-systems/cori/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cori\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s relatively easy to install the sensors in new buildings, finding surfaces in existing buildings can be challenging, as the sensors require a direct line of sight from floor to floor, making a retrofit potentially difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we validate the field performance of these things, then I think we really want to find people that have critical facilities that want to have this technology available,” McCallen said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Researchers are piloting a new sensor that can analyze the integrity of a building moments after an earthquake.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848514,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":606},"headData":{"title":"New Sensor Promises Assessment of Which Buildings Are Safe After Quake | KQED","description":"Researchers are piloting a new sensor that can analyze the integrity of a building moments after an earthquake.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"New Sensor Promises Assessment of Which Buildings Are Safe After Quake","datePublished":"2019-07-12T19:30:24.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T01:01:54.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Earthquakes","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1944868/new-sensor-promises-assessment-of-which-buildings-are-safe-after-quake","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than a quarter century ago, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/10084/24-years-later-the-legacy-of-loma-prieta-lives-on\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Loma Prieta\u003c/a> earthquake tore across the Bay Area landscape. The quake ruptured the Bay Bridge and ripped through buildings, killing 63 people and injuring over 3,000. More than 11,000 homes were destroyed, with over 12,000 people left homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, city managers scrambled to inspect all the damaged buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As bad as that was, it’s far less damage than what could happen to the Bay Area from an earthquake on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/13923/interactive-earthquake-map-get-to-know-your-neighborhood-fault-lines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hayward Faul\u003c/a>t, says David McCallen, a senior scientist with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">says\u003c/a> the fault, which runs for 70 miles through the middle of the urban East Bay, is “a tectonic time bomb.” Scientists have calculated about a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933064/map-are-you-in-the-severe-damage-zone-for-the-bay-areas-next-big-earthquake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30 percent chance\u003c/a> that the Hayward will “break big,” causing a quake of magnitude 6.7 or higher, within 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There will be literally hundreds to thousands of buildings that will be impacted by that earthquake,” McCallen said, “and the ability for us to recover from that is going to be a tremendous effort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCallen says he has technology that can provide city engineers with a rapid response tool to speed up the evaluation of buildings and help them determine which ones are safe to occupy after a major shaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s developed an optical sensor (remember laser pointers?) that can be installed in each floor of a skyscraper, hospital or any other building. The sensors can capture information about their structural integriy and can immediately alert managers about any serious damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sensors send information over the internet or cell networks to emergency response centers, and if all communications are down, they can communicate via satellite phones. \u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means that emergency responders can know in real time which buildings are unsafe. “This technology will give engineers a tremendous leg up in being able to understand whether that building has been damaged,” McCallen said. “They will know immediately, floor-by-floor, the likelihood of that building being damaged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944877 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-800x1041.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1041\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-800x1041.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-160x208.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-768x999.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1020x1327.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-922x1200.png 922w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1920x2498.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/buildingDDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek.png 1574w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">Historically, scientists have used an accelerometer to measure how buildings respond to earthquakes. It’s a small mechanical vibrating device that measures accelerations in the back-and-forth movement of a building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But McCallen said the accelerometers cannot measure the vertical displacement of floors inside a building. Plus, they are costly and not widely used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sensors allow researchers to measure how two floors move relative to each other, and to detect any stress in the beams and columns of the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a whole new paradigm that allows us to measure that drift between floors directly,” McCallen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1944876 size-medium alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-800x494.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-800x494.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-160x99.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-768x474.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1020x629.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1200x740.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DDPS_BerkeleyLabDianaSwantek-1920x1184.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While McCallen successfully deployed the sensors using a scale model and a shake table at a laboratory at the University of Nevada, the technology must be tested in an actual earthquake on an actual building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next few months, he will install sensors at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s Wang Hall, a building close to the Hayward Fault that houses the research institution’s supercomputer, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.nersc.gov/users/computational-systems/cori/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cori\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s relatively easy to install the sensors in new buildings, finding surfaces in existing buildings can be challenging, as the sensors require a direct line of sight from floor to floor, making a retrofit potentially difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we validate the field performance of these things, then I think we really want to find people that have critical facilities that want to have this technology available,” McCallen said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1944868/new-sensor-promises-assessment-of-which-buildings-are-safe-after-quake","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_89","science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_3840","science_257","science_3830"],"featImg":"science_1944875","label":"source_science_1944868"},"science_1936949":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1936949","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1936949","score":null,"sort":[1548163851000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"do-little-quakes-mean-the-big-one-is-close-at-hand","title":"Do Little Earthquakes Mean the Big One Is Close at Hand?","publishDate":1548163851,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Do Little Earthquakes Mean the Big One Is Close at Hand? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>On two straight mornings in January 2019, residents awoke to the familiar rock and roll from a\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718873/another-morning-another-wake-up-quake-in-the-east-bay-hills\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> cluster of relatively small earthquakes\u003c/a> along the Hayward Fault, across the bay from San Francisco. It’s not the first time, nor will it be the last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While neither the magnitude 3.4 nor 3.5 quakes broke the seismograph, the two events struck in essentially the same spot. Both had epicenters nestled in the Oakland-Berkeley Hills, just a few miles from the UC Berkeley campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such cluster quakes always get people wondering if they mean more than the usual random jiggling. To get a read on this, we spoke to earthquake experts with UC Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"http://earthquakes.berkeley.edu/blog/2015/10/13/weak-stresses-strong-earthquakes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Seismology Lab\u003c/a> about what it means, if anything, when it comes to forecasting the next Big One.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Peggy Hellweg with UC Berkeley’s Seismology Lab, there’s minor earthquake activity occurring almost continuously along the Hayward Fault, though most of it goes unnoticed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while January’s “felt quakes” were reported as individual events, they can be thought of as belonging to the same sequence of earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would actually group them together since they’re so close together on the fault and call one the foreshock, and then the one from Thursday morning, the main shock,” Hellweg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Kind of Fault?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trouble with terms like “foreshock” and “aftershock” is that scientists never know how to categorize one or the other until after the shaking settles down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hellweg says she wouldn’t have been surprised to see tiny quakes or even another of similar size in the days following to finish out the sequence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the history of earthquakes along this section of the Hayward Fault, there can be from one to four earthquakes felt by the people who live here,” Hellweg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do minor “felt quakes” foretell about the likelihood of the next Big One hitting the Hayward Fault?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short answer: There’s no way to know for sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, Hellweg says, in the last 20 to 30 years, “no big earthquake has happened on the Hayward Fault associated with one of these little sequences of earthquakes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here’s the bad news: pressure has been building up on the Hayward Fault. It’s been more than 150 years since the\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933064/map-are-you-in-the-severe-damage-zone-for-the-bay-areas-next-big-earthquake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> last major earthquake\u003c/a> to rattle the fault, which stretches through the most \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/hayward/\">densely populated\u003c/a> stretch of the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geological studies put the average interval between big quakes on the Hayward Fault at about 140 years, give or take 50 years. Meaning the Big One could happen any day now or not in the lifetime of many middle-aged residents. Scientists who developed the \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3020/fs20163020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">HayWired\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3020/fs20163020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> modeling scenario\u003c/a> estimate that there’s about a one-in-three chance of a magnitude-7 quake on the Hayward within the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here’s the other bad news: the oft-repeated idea that minor temblors serve to relieve pressure on the fault and lessen the chances of a major event, is a myth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the question of whether it happens tomorrow, Hellweg says, “Do I expect it? No. Would I be surprised? No.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/thepaintgrammer/status/1085905639077928969\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where does that leave the current state of the Hayward Fault?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reports from the U.S. Geological Survey suggest that damage caused by the next major quake along the Hayward Fault could be \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-hayward-fault-20180417-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">catastrophic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What concerns UC Berkeley seismologist Roland Burgmann is where recent small quakes occurred on the fault line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re right next to part of the Hayward Fault that — from the kind of research we do here at Berkeley — we know to be the part that’s fully locked,” Burgman says. “That’s the part that, when a really big earthquake — magnitude 7 or so — happens again on the Hayward Fault, it will likely rupture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fault lines — or different portions of the same fault — can be classified as \u003ca href=\"https://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/sfgeo/quaternary/stories/hayward_creep.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">locked or creeping\u003c/a>. Creeping faults shift slowly over time, and may undergo smaller quakes like the ones observed this week. Locked faults, however, don’t move, causing pressure to build until a large-magnitude earthquake releases it. The Hayward Fault is considered a mixed fault line, with sections that creep and ones that don’t. The ones that don’t pose the biggest danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This [latest] pair of events is small, but they’re right next to the sleeping beast of the Hayward Fault that we know is essentially ready to have a big earthquake today or in a couple of decades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The danger, according to Burgmann, is that a cluster of small quakes adjacent to the locked portion of the fault could be “possible foreshocks” to a major quake. Unfortunately, he says, there’s no real way to predict this scenario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Get those earthquake kits ready\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The takeaway here is probably already clear; Burgmann says small quakes are a good signal to get prepared — that whenever we have one, it boosts the probability of another occurring within a week by about 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Essentially what that means for people is whenever you feel an earthquake, that’s a good time to check on your earthquake kit.” Burgmann says. “It shouldn’t be a cause for true alarm, but it should be a reason to reassess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for what it’s worth: Burgmann muses that after years of studying the fault, a recent series of small shakers on the Hayward finally prompted him to buy earthquake insurance himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Science Editor Craig Miller contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"When smaller earthquakes strike, how does it affect forecasting the next 'Big One'?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927190,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":31,"wordCount":986},"headData":{"title":"Do Little Earthquakes Mean the Big One Is Close at Hand? | KQED","description":"When smaller earthquakes strike, how does it affect forecasting the next 'Big One'?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Do Little Earthquakes Mean the Big One Is Close at Hand?","datePublished":"2019-01-22T13:30:51.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:53:10.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Science","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1936949/do-little-quakes-mean-the-big-one-is-close-at-hand","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On two straight mornings in January 2019, residents awoke to the familiar rock and roll from a\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718873/another-morning-another-wake-up-quake-in-the-east-bay-hills\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> cluster of relatively small earthquakes\u003c/a> along the Hayward Fault, across the bay from San Francisco. It’s not the first time, nor will it be the last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While neither the magnitude 3.4 nor 3.5 quakes broke the seismograph, the two events struck in essentially the same spot. Both had epicenters nestled in the Oakland-Berkeley Hills, just a few miles from the UC Berkeley campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such cluster quakes always get people wondering if they mean more than the usual random jiggling. To get a read on this, we spoke to earthquake experts with UC Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"http://earthquakes.berkeley.edu/blog/2015/10/13/weak-stresses-strong-earthquakes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Seismology Lab\u003c/a> about what it means, if anything, when it comes to forecasting the next Big One.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Peggy Hellweg with UC Berkeley’s Seismology Lab, there’s minor earthquake activity occurring almost continuously along the Hayward Fault, though most of it goes unnoticed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while January’s “felt quakes” were reported as individual events, they can be thought of as belonging to the same sequence of earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would actually group them together since they’re so close together on the fault and call one the foreshock, and then the one from Thursday morning, the main shock,” Hellweg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Kind of Fault?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trouble with terms like “foreshock” and “aftershock” is that scientists never know how to categorize one or the other until after the shaking settles down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hellweg says she wouldn’t have been surprised to see tiny quakes or even another of similar size in the days following to finish out the sequence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the history of earthquakes along this section of the Hayward Fault, there can be from one to four earthquakes felt by the people who live here,” Hellweg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do minor “felt quakes” foretell about the likelihood of the next Big One hitting the Hayward Fault?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short answer: There’s no way to know for sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, Hellweg says, in the last 20 to 30 years, “no big earthquake has happened on the Hayward Fault associated with one of these little sequences of earthquakes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here’s the bad news: pressure has been building up on the Hayward Fault. It’s been more than 150 years since the\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933064/map-are-you-in-the-severe-damage-zone-for-the-bay-areas-next-big-earthquake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> last major earthquake\u003c/a> to rattle the fault, which stretches through the most \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/hayward/\">densely populated\u003c/a> stretch of the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geological studies put the average interval between big quakes on the Hayward Fault at about 140 years, give or take 50 years. Meaning the Big One could happen any day now or not in the lifetime of many middle-aged residents. Scientists who developed the \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3020/fs20163020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">HayWired\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3020/fs20163020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> modeling scenario\u003c/a> estimate that there’s about a one-in-three chance of a magnitude-7 quake on the Hayward within the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here’s the other bad news: the oft-repeated idea that minor temblors serve to relieve pressure on the fault and lessen the chances of a major event, is a myth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the question of whether it happens tomorrow, Hellweg says, “Do I expect it? No. Would I be surprised? No.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1085905639077928969"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where does that leave the current state of the Hayward Fault?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reports from the U.S. Geological Survey suggest that damage caused by the next major quake along the Hayward Fault could be \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-hayward-fault-20180417-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">catastrophic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What concerns UC Berkeley seismologist Roland Burgmann is where recent small quakes occurred on the fault line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re right next to part of the Hayward Fault that — from the kind of research we do here at Berkeley — we know to be the part that’s fully locked,” Burgman says. “That’s the part that, when a really big earthquake — magnitude 7 or so — happens again on the Hayward Fault, it will likely rupture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fault lines — or different portions of the same fault — can be classified as \u003ca href=\"https://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/sfgeo/quaternary/stories/hayward_creep.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">locked or creeping\u003c/a>. Creeping faults shift slowly over time, and may undergo smaller quakes like the ones observed this week. Locked faults, however, don’t move, causing pressure to build until a large-magnitude earthquake releases it. The Hayward Fault is considered a mixed fault line, with sections that creep and ones that don’t. The ones that don’t pose the biggest danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This [latest] pair of events is small, but they’re right next to the sleeping beast of the Hayward Fault that we know is essentially ready to have a big earthquake today or in a couple of decades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The danger, according to Burgmann, is that a cluster of small quakes adjacent to the locked portion of the fault could be “possible foreshocks” to a major quake. Unfortunately, he says, there’s no real way to predict this scenario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Get those earthquake kits ready\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The takeaway here is probably already clear; Burgmann says small quakes are a good signal to get prepared — that whenever we have one, it boosts the probability of another occurring within a week by about 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Essentially what that means for people is whenever you feel an earthquake, that’s a good time to check on your earthquake kit.” Burgmann says. “It shouldn’t be a cause for true alarm, but it should be a reason to reassess.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for what it’s worth: Burgmann muses that after years of studying the fault, a recent series of small shakers on the Hayward finally prompted him to buy earthquake insurance himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Science Editor Craig Miller contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1936949/do-little-quakes-mean-the-big-one-is-close-at-hand","authors":["11368"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_38","science_40"],"tags":["science_257","science_427","science_192","science_3832","science_3834","science_654"],"featImg":"science_1937339","label":"source_science_1936949"},"science_1935035":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1935035","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1935035","score":null,"sort":[1543607913000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"7-0-magnitude-quake-hits-alaska-triggers-tsunami-warning","title":"7.0 Magnitude Quake Hits Alaska, Triggers Tsunami Warning","publishDate":1543607913,"format":"standard","headTitle":"7.0 Magnitude Quake Hits Alaska, Triggers Tsunami Warning | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>ANCHORAGE, Alaska — Back-to-back earthquakes measuring 7.0 and 5.8 rocked buildings and shattered roads Friday morning in Anchorage, sending people running into the streets and briefly triggering a warning to residents in Kodiak to flee to higher ground for fear of a tsunami.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warning was lifted a short time later. There were no immediate reports of any deaths or serious injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Geological Survey said the first and more powerful quake was centered about 7 miles north of Anchorage, Alaska’s largest city, with a population of about 300,000. People ran from their offices or took cover under desks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cracks could be seen in a two-story downtown Anchorage building, and photographs posted to social media showed fractured roads and collapsed ceiling tiles at an Anchorage high school. One image showed a car stranded on an island of pavement, surrounded by cavernous cracks where the earthquake split the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Nat_Herz/status/1068585299528232960\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cereal boxes and packages of batteries littered the floor of a grocery store, and picture frames and mirrors were knocked from living room walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People went back inside after the first earthquake struck, but the 5.8 aftershock about five minutes later sent them running back into the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A tsunami warning was issued for the southern Alaska coastal areas of Cook’s Inlet and part of the Kenai peninsula. Kodiak police on Kodiak Island warned people in the city of 6,100 to “evacuate to higher ground immediately” because of “wave estimated 10 minutes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Kenai, north of Anchorage, Brandon Slaton was alone at home and soaking in the bathtub when the earthquake struck. Slaton, who weighs 209 pounds, said it created a powerful bath-and-forth sloshing in the bath, and before he knew it, he was thrown out of the tub by the waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His 120-pound mastiff panicked and tried to run down the stairs, but the house was swaying so much that the dog was thrown off its feet and into a wall and tumbled to the base of the stairs, Slaton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slaton ran into his son’s room after the shaking stopped and found his fish tank shattered and the fish on the floor, gasping for breath. He grabbed it and put it in another bowl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was anarchy,” he said. “There’s no pictures left on the walls, there’s no power, there’s no fish tank left. Everything that’s not tied down is broke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alaska averages 40,000 earthquakes per year, with more large quakes than the 49 other states combined. Southern Alaska has a high risk of earthquakes because of tectonic plates sliding past each other under the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Harper was getting some coffee at a store when the low rumble began and intensified into something that sounded “like the building was just going to fall apart.” Harper ran to the exit with other patrons there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The main thought that was going through my head as I was trying to get out the door was, ‘I want this to stop,'” he said. Harper said the quake was “significant enough that the people who were outside were actively hugging each other. You could tell that it was a bad one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 27, 1964, Alaska was hit by a magnitude 9.2 earthquake, the strongest recorded in U.S. history, centered about 75 miles east of Anchorage. The quake, which lasted about four-and-a-half minutes, and the tsunami it triggered claimed about 130 lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/101ba6d6df894e629bddff152a45146d\">Associated Press\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Back-to-back earthquakes measuring 7.0 and 5.8 rocked buildings and shattered roads Friday morning in Anchorage. The quakes briefly triggering a warning to residents in Kodiak to flee to higher ground for fear of a tsunami.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704927274,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":617},"headData":{"title":"7.0 Magnitude Quake Hits Alaska, Triggers Tsunami Warning | KQED","description":"Back-to-back earthquakes measuring 7.0 and 5.8 rocked buildings and shattered roads Friday morning in Anchorage. The quakes briefly triggering a warning to residents in Kodiak to flee to higher ground for fear of a tsunami.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"7.0 Magnitude Quake Hits Alaska, Triggers Tsunami Warning","datePublished":"2018-11-30T19:58:33.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T22:54:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Associated Press","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Rachel D'Oro and Dan Joling\u003cbr />Associated Press","path":"/science/1935035/7-0-magnitude-quake-hits-alaska-triggers-tsunami-warning","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>ANCHORAGE, Alaska — Back-to-back earthquakes measuring 7.0 and 5.8 rocked buildings and shattered roads Friday morning in Anchorage, sending people running into the streets and briefly triggering a warning to residents in Kodiak to flee to higher ground for fear of a tsunami.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warning was lifted a short time later. There were no immediate reports of any deaths or serious injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Geological Survey said the first and more powerful quake was centered about 7 miles north of Anchorage, Alaska’s largest city, with a population of about 300,000. People ran from their offices or took cover under desks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cracks could be seen in a two-story downtown Anchorage building, and photographs posted to social media showed fractured roads and collapsed ceiling tiles at an Anchorage high school. One image showed a car stranded on an island of pavement, surrounded by cavernous cracks where the earthquake split the road.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1068585299528232960"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cereal boxes and packages of batteries littered the floor of a grocery store, and picture frames and mirrors were knocked from living room walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People went back inside after the first earthquake struck, but the 5.8 aftershock about five minutes later sent them running back into the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A tsunami warning was issued for the southern Alaska coastal areas of Cook’s Inlet and part of the Kenai peninsula. Kodiak police on Kodiak Island warned people in the city of 6,100 to “evacuate to higher ground immediately” because of “wave estimated 10 minutes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Kenai, north of Anchorage, Brandon Slaton was alone at home and soaking in the bathtub when the earthquake struck. Slaton, who weighs 209 pounds, said it created a powerful bath-and-forth sloshing in the bath, and before he knew it, he was thrown out of the tub by the waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His 120-pound mastiff panicked and tried to run down the stairs, but the house was swaying so much that the dog was thrown off its feet and into a wall and tumbled to the base of the stairs, Slaton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slaton ran into his son’s room after the shaking stopped and found his fish tank shattered and the fish on the floor, gasping for breath. He grabbed it and put it in another bowl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was anarchy,” he said. “There’s no pictures left on the walls, there’s no power, there’s no fish tank left. Everything that’s not tied down is broke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alaska averages 40,000 earthquakes per year, with more large quakes than the 49 other states combined. Southern Alaska has a high risk of earthquakes because of tectonic plates sliding past each other under the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Harper was getting some coffee at a store when the low rumble began and intensified into something that sounded “like the building was just going to fall apart.” Harper ran to the exit with other patrons there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The main thought that was going through my head as I was trying to get out the door was, ‘I want this to stop,'” he said. Harper said the quake was “significant enough that the people who were outside were actively hugging each other. You could tell that it was a bad one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 27, 1964, Alaska was hit by a magnitude 9.2 earthquake, the strongest recorded in U.S. history, centered about 75 miles east of Anchorage. The quake, which lasted about four-and-a-half minutes, and the tsunami it triggered claimed about 130 lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/101ba6d6df894e629bddff152a45146d\">Associated Press\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1935035/7-0-magnitude-quake-hits-alaska-triggers-tsunami-warning","authors":["byline_science_1935035"],"categories":["science_35","science_40"],"tags":["science_257","science_3370","science_258"],"featImg":"science_1935042","label":"source_science_1935035"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. 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