Bay Area Carbon Emissions Steadily Fall as Region Embraces EVs
California Snowpack: Gov. Newsom Unveils Water Plan for a Climate-Changed Future
Toxic Dust Threatens California Salmon Population, Lawmaker Seeks Solution
San Francisco Will Continue Enforcing New-Building Gas Ban Despite Berkeley's Repeal of Similar Rules
Marin County Approves Contract to Prepare for Rising Seas and Extreme Storms
Don't Think Heat Pumps Are Sexy? Time to Listen to This Slow Jam
California's 'Normal' Winter and High Snowpack Could Curb Wildfire Risk, Prevent Drought
Bay Area Researchers Find Oil and Gas Companies’ Methane Output Surpasses EPA Reports
Come Read With Us Bay Area! KQED Launches a Climate Book Club
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Kevin joined KQED in 2019, and has covered issues related to energy, wildfire, climate change and the environment.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"starkkev","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Kevin Stark | KQED","description":"Senior Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/kevinstark"},"eromero":{"type":"authors","id":"11746","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11746","found":true},"name":"Ezra David Romero","firstName":"Ezra David","lastName":"Romero","slug":"eromero","email":"eromero@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"Climate Reporter","bio":"Ezra David Romero is a climate reporter for KQED News. 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These EVs, as well as hybrid cars and other more fuel-efficient models, are steadily lowering the region’s carbon footprint, according to researchers at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists found that carbon dioxide levels fell across the region at an annual rate of about 1.8% between 2018 and 2022. Vehicle emission rates saw a yearly drop of 2.6%. The scientists used data pulled from a \u003ca href=\"https://beacon.berkeley.edu/about/\">custom-designed network of sensors affixed\u003c/a> mostly to the top of schools in the East Bay to monitor carbon dioxide levels in real time, as well as state statistics and records from the DMV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Ronald Cohen, chemistry professor, UC Berkeley\"]‘We do need to accelerate. But the starting point is pretty good right now.’[/pullquote]The idea for the sensors came from Ronald Cohen, a UC Berkeley professor of chemistry, who argued it is the first real-world evidence that the region’s bellwether adoption of electric vehicles is measurably lowering the Bay Area’s carbon emissions. In an interview with KQED, he said his team has shown that it’s technically possible to measure changes in carbon dioxide over time and at a granular, city-level, which could have significant real-world applications as localities across the world pass goals for reducing planet-warming gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we set out to do is to be able to report on changes within cities in a way of providing observational feedback on the efficacy of policy,” he said. “We’re excited about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research results were \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.3c09642\">published Thursday in the American Chemical Society’s journal \u003cem>Environmental Science & Technology\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emission reductions in California and elsewhere are often calculated using a system of accounting and estimates. Or with federal sensors that cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. Cohen said that his sensors cost less than $10,000 and offer cities a realistic window for tracking their sources of pollution. The devices also measure air pollutants, including tiny particles in wildfire smoke, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides and ozone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that he was “pleasantly surprised” to see the scale of the average reductions of carbon dioxide over time. California’s goal is to be carbon neutral by 2045, slashing air pollution by 71% in the process. To meet that goal, the state needs to reduce its emissions by 3.7% per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least in the Bay Area, “we’re almost halfway there at our rate today,” Cohen said. “We do need to accelerate. But the starting point is pretty good right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11980088,news_11974466,science_1991185\"]That’s a glass half full interpretation. Even the Bay Area, which Cohen said has roughly double the EVs of a city like Los Angeles, would need to increase its emissions reductions each year to be on pace with the state target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study “reminds us that we are not reducing emissions faster enough,” said Jens Mühle, a researcher at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego. He was not involved in the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he agreed that the network of sensors has shown a statistically significant drop in emissions in the Bay Area, and it is important to be able to accurately measure carbon pollution at that level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities represent approximately 70% of global carbon dioxide emissions, and “oftentimes the impact of climate change is the worst [there],” he said. “You have all this concrete and asphalt, and you have the heat waves. They also have a potentially large impact on reducing global CO2 emissions, and that’s what they’re doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The region still needs to accelerate its annual emissions reduction to meet the state's net zero carbon goal.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1712260566,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":653},"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Carbon Emissions Steadily Fall as Region Embraces EVs | KQED","description":"The region still needs to accelerate its annual emissions reduction to meet the state's net zero carbon goal.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992222/bay-area-leads-california-and-nation-in-shift-to-evs-say-scientists-as-carbon-footprint-steadily-drops","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Area is leading the state and nation in a shift from gas-powered cars to electric vehicles. These EVs, as well as hybrid cars and other more fuel-efficient models, are steadily lowering the region’s carbon footprint, according to researchers at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists found that carbon dioxide levels fell across the region at an annual rate of about 1.8% between 2018 and 2022. Vehicle emission rates saw a yearly drop of 2.6%. The scientists used data pulled from a \u003ca href=\"https://beacon.berkeley.edu/about/\">custom-designed network of sensors affixed\u003c/a> mostly to the top of schools in the East Bay to monitor carbon dioxide levels in real time, as well as state statistics and records from the DMV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We do need to accelerate. But the starting point is pretty good right now.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Ronald Cohen, chemistry professor, UC Berkeley","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The idea for the sensors came from Ronald Cohen, a UC Berkeley professor of chemistry, who argued it is the first real-world evidence that the region’s bellwether adoption of electric vehicles is measurably lowering the Bay Area’s carbon emissions. In an interview with KQED, he said his team has shown that it’s technically possible to measure changes in carbon dioxide over time and at a granular, city-level, which could have significant real-world applications as localities across the world pass goals for reducing planet-warming gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we set out to do is to be able to report on changes within cities in a way of providing observational feedback on the efficacy of policy,” he said. “We’re excited about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research results were \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.3c09642\">published Thursday in the American Chemical Society’s journal \u003cem>Environmental Science & Technology\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emission reductions in California and elsewhere are often calculated using a system of accounting and estimates. Or with federal sensors that cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. Cohen said that his sensors cost less than $10,000 and offer cities a realistic window for tracking their sources of pollution. The devices also measure air pollutants, including tiny particles in wildfire smoke, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides and ozone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that he was “pleasantly surprised” to see the scale of the average reductions of carbon dioxide over time. California’s goal is to be carbon neutral by 2045, slashing air pollution by 71% in the process. To meet that goal, the state needs to reduce its emissions by 3.7% per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least in the Bay Area, “we’re almost halfway there at our rate today,” Cohen said. “We do need to accelerate. But the starting point is pretty good right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11980088,news_11974466,science_1991185"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That’s a glass half full interpretation. Even the Bay Area, which Cohen said has roughly double the EVs of a city like Los Angeles, would need to increase its emissions reductions each year to be on pace with the state target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study “reminds us that we are not reducing emissions faster enough,” said Jens Mühle, a researcher at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego. He was not involved in the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he agreed that the network of sensors has shown a statistically significant drop in emissions in the Bay Area, and it is important to be able to accurately measure carbon pollution at that level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities represent approximately 70% of global carbon dioxide emissions, and “oftentimes the impact of climate change is the worst [there],” he said. “You have all this concrete and asphalt, and you have the heat waves. They also have a potentially large impact on reducing global CO2 emissions, and that’s what they’re doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992222/bay-area-leads-california-and-nation-in-shift-to-evs-say-scientists-as-carbon-footprint-steadily-drops","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_1627","science_182","science_194","science_1133","science_813","science_309","science_450","science_190"],"featImg":"science_1992230","label":"science"},"science_1992194":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992194","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992194","score":null,"sort":[1712085349000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-snowpack-gov-newsom-unveils-water-plan-for-a-climate-changed-future","title":"California Snowpack: Gov. Newsom Unveils Water Plan for a Climate-Changed Future","publishDate":1712085349,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Snowpack: Gov. Newsom Unveils Water Plan for a Climate-Changed Future | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Tromping through multiple feet of snow near Lake Tahoe on Tuesday, California Gov. Gavin Newsom unveiled the state’s updated water plan for a climate-changed future as “snow droughts,” deluges and dry times intensify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can take a deep breath this year, but don’t quadruple the amount of time in your shower; then consider that this time next year, we may be at a different place,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said California’s new climate reality demands a new sophisticated approach to modernize aging water infrastructure and limited water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/California-Water-Plan/Update-2023\">California Water Plan\u003c/a> 2023 update is a strategic blueprint \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that guides water managers\u003c/span> to ensure that water systems — from rural communities plagued by contaminated water to metropolitan areas capturing stormwater for drier times to the state’s interconnected water system — are prepared for weather whiplash, deepened by human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll remind all of you the water system in California was designed for a world that no longer exists,” Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year isn’t a prime example of the future — the snowpack is glistening white at \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">110% of the average for April\u003c/a>, which means the state is heading into warmer months with plentiful water supplies — but snow-packed years aren’t a guarantee. And the snowpack accounts for 30% of the state’s water needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1991866,science_1991662,science_1991522\"]“Those are pretty healthy numbers,” UCLA climate scientist Daniel Swain said. “From a short-term water supply problem, we’re not going to have major issues in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With climate change “an urgent threat,” the state’s sprawling plan, updated every five years, addresses three key areas: strengthening watersheds, addressing climate change and closing a gap in “long-standing inequities” in water management. Planning with equity in mind is important because the report notes that water supplies will likely decrease by 10% by 2040, “challenging many vulnerable Californians in accessing their human right to water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom also lauded an endeavor to potentially build a new reservoir and a controversial plan to build a 45-mile water tunnel beneath the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta and said the project is “critical if we’re going to address the issue of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement comes after the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1991979/california-eases-urban-water-use-rules-as-residents-still-urged-to-conserve\">new conservation rules received strong criticism\u003c/a>. If the regulations go into effect, they will likely ease standards, giving water managers more time to comply, and environmentalists argue that this will lead to smaller water savings statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocacy groups, like the Community Water Center, applaud the state for focusing on equity and calling out a lack of inclusion in the world of water management. But Abraham Mendoza, the group’s policy manages, said the plan does “not speak to solving the problem in a timely manner.” He said funding and solutions are needed for “the infrastructure to implement community-driven solutions, programs for affordability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘Average is awesome’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In January, the snowpack measured just 25% of the average, and scientists warned of a potential “snow drought.” Water managers worried storms wouldn’t build it up and that the long-term trend of a shrinking snowpack would hold true this winter. But California’s luck changed in February as storm after storm rolled over the state. Then another in early March added as much as 12 feet of snow to the height of the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"California Gov. Gavin Newsom\"]‘I’ll remind all of you the water system in California was designed for a world that no longer exists.’[/pullquote]“The beginning of the year was more indicative of what we expect to see in the future,” said Andrew Schwartz, lead scientist at the UC Berkeley Central Sierra Snow Lab. “In terms of overall climate change this year, this is one of those years where we kind of wound up fortunate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, state leaders are rejoicing over this year’s snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Average is awesome,” said Karla Nemeth, director of California’s Department of Water Resources. “We’ve had some pretty big swings in the last couple of years, but average may be coming less and less common feature of snowpack.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s even more good news in the near term: the above-average snowpack could deepen this week — and potentially through the rest of April — as a cold storm could drop as much as a foot of fresh powder on the range starting Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the next week, another couple of storms may come through,” Schwartz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/UCB_CSSL/status/1775194478288175359\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz said the slightly above-average snowpack means a lighter flood risk as it melts, ultimately replenishing reservoirs “to help us prepare for a year when we might have a shortfall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is another year that’s helping us along; We’re looking like we’re in good shape this year,” he said of state reservoirs already at 116% of average levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said two years of above-average snow does not mean California should pause preparing for future droughts — which is why the state’s new water plan is essential. Over the past decades, California has had two multiyear droughts followed by record snowpacks and damaging floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heightened snowpack is also good news for staving off the threat of early-season wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s going to be an opportunity for a lot of prescribed burning,” UCLA’s Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all the snow most likely means decreased wildfire risk at high elevations, Swain expects “a significant increase in fire activity” in late summer because lower elevations are now bright green with grasses, shrubs and chaparral. All the growth could mean fires in areas of the state that don’t often burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the water will allow “invasive grasses to fill in the gaps between sagebrush and Joshua trees,” which “may increase the likelihood of fires in the deserts earlier in the season,” Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Gov. Gavin Newsom unveils new state water plan as the California snowpack peaks at more than 100% of average for April 1.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1712092027,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1065},"headData":{"title":"California Snowpack: Gov. Newsom Unveils Water Plan for a Climate-Changed Future | KQED","description":"Gov. Gavin Newsom unveils new state water plan as the California snowpack peaks at more than 100% of average for April 1.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992194/california-snowpack-gov-newsom-unveils-water-plan-for-a-climate-changed-future","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tromping through multiple feet of snow near Lake Tahoe on Tuesday, California Gov. Gavin Newsom unveiled the state’s updated water plan for a climate-changed future as “snow droughts,” deluges and dry times intensify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can take a deep breath this year, but don’t quadruple the amount of time in your shower; then consider that this time next year, we may be at a different place,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said California’s new climate reality demands a new sophisticated approach to modernize aging water infrastructure and limited water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/California-Water-Plan/Update-2023\">California Water Plan\u003c/a> 2023 update is a strategic blueprint \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that guides water managers\u003c/span> to ensure that water systems — from rural communities plagued by contaminated water to metropolitan areas capturing stormwater for drier times to the state’s interconnected water system — are prepared for weather whiplash, deepened by human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll remind all of you the water system in California was designed for a world that no longer exists,” Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year isn’t a prime example of the future — the snowpack is glistening white at \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">110% of the average for April\u003c/a>, which means the state is heading into warmer months with plentiful water supplies — but snow-packed years aren’t a guarantee. And the snowpack accounts for 30% of the state’s water needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"science_1991866,science_1991662,science_1991522"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Those are pretty healthy numbers,” UCLA climate scientist Daniel Swain said. “From a short-term water supply problem, we’re not going to have major issues in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With climate change “an urgent threat,” the state’s sprawling plan, updated every five years, addresses three key areas: strengthening watersheds, addressing climate change and closing a gap in “long-standing inequities” in water management. Planning with equity in mind is important because the report notes that water supplies will likely decrease by 10% by 2040, “challenging many vulnerable Californians in accessing their human right to water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom also lauded an endeavor to potentially build a new reservoir and a controversial plan to build a 45-mile water tunnel beneath the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta and said the project is “critical if we’re going to address the issue of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement comes after the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1991979/california-eases-urban-water-use-rules-as-residents-still-urged-to-conserve\">new conservation rules received strong criticism\u003c/a>. If the regulations go into effect, they will likely ease standards, giving water managers more time to comply, and environmentalists argue that this will lead to smaller water savings statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocacy groups, like the Community Water Center, applaud the state for focusing on equity and calling out a lack of inclusion in the world of water management. But Abraham Mendoza, the group’s policy manages, said the plan does “not speak to solving the problem in a timely manner.” He said funding and solutions are needed for “the infrastructure to implement community-driven solutions, programs for affordability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘Average is awesome’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In January, the snowpack measured just 25% of the average, and scientists warned of a potential “snow drought.” Water managers worried storms wouldn’t build it up and that the long-term trend of a shrinking snowpack would hold true this winter. But California’s luck changed in February as storm after storm rolled over the state. Then another in early March added as much as 12 feet of snow to the height of the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘I’ll remind all of you the water system in California was designed for a world that no longer exists.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"California Gov. Gavin Newsom","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The beginning of the year was more indicative of what we expect to see in the future,” said Andrew Schwartz, lead scientist at the UC Berkeley Central Sierra Snow Lab. “In terms of overall climate change this year, this is one of those years where we kind of wound up fortunate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, state leaders are rejoicing over this year’s snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Average is awesome,” said Karla Nemeth, director of California’s Department of Water Resources. “We’ve had some pretty big swings in the last couple of years, but average may be coming less and less common feature of snowpack.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s even more good news in the near term: the above-average snowpack could deepen this week — and potentially through the rest of April — as a cold storm could drop as much as a foot of fresh powder on the range starting Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the next week, another couple of storms may come through,” Schwartz said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1775194478288175359"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Schwartz said the slightly above-average snowpack means a lighter flood risk as it melts, ultimately replenishing reservoirs “to help us prepare for a year when we might have a shortfall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is another year that’s helping us along; We’re looking like we’re in good shape this year,” he said of state reservoirs already at 116% of average levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said two years of above-average snow does not mean California should pause preparing for future droughts — which is why the state’s new water plan is essential. Over the past decades, California has had two multiyear droughts followed by record snowpacks and damaging floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heightened snowpack is also good news for staving off the threat of early-season wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s going to be an opportunity for a lot of prescribed burning,” UCLA’s Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all the snow most likely means decreased wildfire risk at high elevations, Swain expects “a significant increase in fire activity” in late summer because lower elevations are now bright green with grasses, shrubs and chaparral. All the growth could mean fires in areas of the state that don’t often burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the water will allow “invasive grasses to fill in the gaps between sagebrush and Joshua trees,” which “may increase the likelihood of fires in the deserts earlier in the season,” Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992194/california-snowpack-gov-newsom-unveils-water-plan-for-a-climate-changed-future","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_2397","science_1622","science_194","science_4414","science_1127","science_201"],"featImg":"science_1992206","label":"science"},"science_1992122":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992122","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992122","score":null,"sort":[1711981857000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"toxic-dust-threatens-california-salmon-population-lawmaker-seeks-solution","title":"Toxic Dust Threatens California Salmon Population, Lawmaker Seeks Solution","publishDate":1711981857,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Toxic Dust Threatens California Salmon Population, Lawmaker Seeks Solution | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>For the first time in more than three decades of fishing for salmon near Bodega Bay, Dick Ogg will motor his white and navy boat, Karen Jeanne, north this summer past his typical fisheries in hopes of finding the multicolored species along the Oregon coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There aren’t enough salmon left off the California coast for Ogg to sell on Bodega Bay’s historic docks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We, as fishermen, have nowhere to turn,” he said.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dick Ogg, Bay Area fisher\"]‘We, as fishermen, have nowhere to turn.’[/pullquote]Fishery managers are signaling they may cancel California’s commercial salmon season for the second year in a row, which means the 71-year-old has two options: temporarily traveling to Oregon to catch salmon or barely making ends meet luring in rockfish and sablefish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ogg, often in a gray hoodie and wiry sunglasses, wishes there was a solution for boosting California’s salmon schools. He describes the species as “having one of the greatest spirits” an ocean-fairing creature can have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can take a hook and bend it straight to get away,” he said, remembering countless salmon that escaped. “Maybe that’s what they were supposed to do, having the chance to go up the river to spawn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers think they have a solution for at least one part of the salmon mortality problem: purifying highway runoff of toxic dust from tires that enters streams and rivers during storms — made worse by human-caused climate change. When the chemical enters waterways, it quickly kills some species of salmon and trout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Diane Papan (D-San Mateo) recently introduced legislation — \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1798\">AB 1798\u003c/a> — that would mandate the state’s leading transportation agency to devise a plan for naturally removing the toxic tire particles, known as 6PPD-quinone, before they slip into waterways and kill fish. While the state has already asked the tire industry to develop alternatives for the chemicals in every tire sold in California, Papan’s plan seeks to clean up the pollution from the cars already on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992175\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-003_qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992175\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-003_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A man wearing a grayish hoodie and sun glasses stands in the doorway on a boat with bright blue overalls to the left.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-003_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-003_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-003_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-003_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-003_qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-003_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salmon fisherman Richard “Dick” Ogg stands for a portrait on his boat, the Karen Jeanne at Spud Point Marina in Bodega Bay, Calif., on Saturday, March 30, 2024. Ogg is planning on going to Oregon for salmon season this year, due to California’s shortage. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While purifying runoff from tiny, tainted rubber bits won’t entirely solve the salmon die-off, Ogg sees the effort as an “opportunity to do what we can to support the fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The perils to California’s salmon are growing.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Sarah Bates, Bay Area fisher\"]‘… these fish are in peril because their river ecosystems are in peril. If we don’t take some steps now, then we might be looking at the final days of the species and the fishing fleet.’[/pullquote]A changing ocean, dams blocking migration paths, worsening drought conditions drastically decreasing water flows, and climate-fueled storms further complicate river systems. People are feeling the effects on land, even if they don’t realize it — fishers lose jobs, restaurants turn to farm-grown fish, and tribes who view salmon as part of their cultural identity can’t rely on salmon as a food source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Bates, who captains Bounty, a commercial fishing boat docked at Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco, said the industry is suffering after years of diminished salmon populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992177\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-020_qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992177\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-020_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A man walks by boats on a dock.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-020_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-020_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-020_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-020_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-020_qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-020_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salmon fisherman Richard “Dick” Ogg walks through Spud Point Marina in Bodega Bay, on Saturday, March 30, 2024. If fisheries cancel California’s salmon season for the second year in a row, Ogg plans to make a trip to Oregon to catch salmon there. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people are out of work and struggling financially and emotionally,” she said. “But the fact is that these fish are in peril because their river ecosystems are in peril. If we don’t take some steps now, then we might be looking at the final days of the species and the fishing fleet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is 6PPD?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For over half a century, manufacturers have included the chemical \u003ca href=\"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID9025114\">6PPD\u003c/a> in the tire-making process to help them last longer. When ozone in the air comes into contact with the chemical, it turns into 6PPD-quinone. The byproduct ends up as toxic dust on roadways. During storms, the chemical gets washed into rivers and streams, where it comes in contact with fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent studies have linked the death of coho salmon to the chemical. In watersheds near the busiest roadways, researchers found \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd6951\">up to 90% of returning salmon in the Pacific Northwest may die before spawning\u003c/a>. They also found the chemical in roadway runoff in Los Angeles and creeks in San Francisco and suggested the contaminated bits of rubber kill steelhead trout and chinook salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992167\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992167\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinook salmon (pictured) as well as steelhead trout are being killed by toxic tire dust that produces the chemical byproduct called 6PPD-quinone when ozone in the air comes into contact with the chemical. Researchers found the byproduct in roadway runoff in Los Angeles and creeks in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Patrick T. Fallon/AFL via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some species, like coho, are susceptible, and the substance diluted in water can kill them in hours. In 2022, researchers found that “\u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00467\">significant mortality occurred in coho even when roadway runoff was diluted by 95% in clean water\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical’s effect on human health is still unknown, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the Russian River in Sonoma and Mendocino counties, officials counted \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomawater.org/chinook\">fewer than 2,000 chinook salmon in December\u003c/a>, down from nearly 7,000 in 2012 — a far cry from the more than 150,000 fish that swam the river more than a century ago, said Don McEnhill, executive director of the environmental nonprofit Russian Riverkeeper.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Joseph L. James, chairman, Yurok Tribe\"]‘We could not sit idle while 6PPD kills the fish that sustain us.’[/pullquote]“This is kind of a straw that breaks the camel’s back kind of situation,” he said. “We have created a host of impacts on aquatic ecosystems, and this new stressor, climate change, is putting a lot more pressure on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last November, the U.S. EPA granted \u003ca href=\"https://earthjustice.org/press/2023/epa-grants-tribal-nations-petition-to-restrict-6ppd-in-tires\">a petition by tribes\u003c/a> for the agency to consider establishing regulations prohibiting the manufacturing, processing, use and distribution of 6PPD in tires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could not sit idle while 6PPD kills the fish that sustain us,” said Joseph L. James, chairman of the Yurok Tribe, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA officials said last fall that addressing the contaminant in the environment “is one way we can work to reverse this trend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the state required the tire industry to give California a list of more than 40 alternatives to 6PPD by last Friday. The state’s Department of Toxic Substances Control has two months to evaluate the findings before providing feedback to the tire companies, but in a statement, it said, “the responsibility to comply falls first on manufacturers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This marks a crucial milestone in our efforts to compel manufacturers to look for safer alternatives to this toxic chemical while ensuring tire safety on California’s roads,” said Meredith Williams, the agency’s director.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘It’s in every vehicle tire’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Removing 6PPD-quinone from storm runoff is a massive undertaking, but Assemblymember Papan is spearheading the challenge. In March, she introduced legislation \u003ca href=\"https://a21.asmdc.org/press-releases/20240319-legislation-safeguard-salmon-and-steelhead-trout-lethal-storm-water#:~:text=The%20S.A.L.M.O.N%20Act%20will%20direct,salmon%20and%20steelhead%20trout%20habitats.\">mandating Caltrans develop a regional strategy to eliminate the chemicals from stormwater discharge\u003c/a> into salmon and steelhead trout habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While tribes call for eliminating 6PPD in tires everywhere, Papan’s bill focuses on removing existing toxic dust from roadways because eliminating the chemicals from tires doesn’t address out-of-state travelers, imported tires or tires already on cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982500\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS50202_IMG_6476-2-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982500\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS50202_IMG_6476-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Cars and trucks on an interstate highway as seen from an overpass.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS50202_IMG_6476-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS50202_IMG_6476-2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS50202_IMG_6476-2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS50202_IMG_6476-2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS50202_IMG_6476-2-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS50202_IMG_6476-2-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Traffic on Interstate 880 toward Oakland flowing with cars and diesel trucks midafternoon on Monday, June 28, 2021. \u003ccite>(Joyce Tsai/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s sort of the first step,” she said. “It’s in every vehicle tire, and we’ve got to find a replacement. In short of finding that replacement, this bill plays a key role in keeping our waterways clean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation directs Caltrans to create five pilot projects in San Mateo, Contra Costa, Sonoma, Humboldt and Nevada counties where highways cross salmon and steelhead-bearing waters. The bill also advises Caltrans to create green basins near roads where plants and soil naturally remove the chemicals from runoff before entering rivers and streams.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Assemblymember Diane Papan (D-San Mateo)\"]‘It’s in every vehicle tire, and we’ve got to find a replacement. In short of finding that replacement, this bill plays a key role in keeping our waterways clean.’[/pullquote]“We won’t be able to do it everywhere, but as we expand out, we will look at where we can do it in a targeted fashion,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans declined to comment because the agency does not comment on pending legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Tire Manufacturers Association, representing a dozen companies that operate 57 tire-related facilities across the country, supports Papan’s bill. Sean Moore, who leads the group’s government relations team, said the organization is working with Papan because it could take years for the rules banning the preservative to come into effect, and “in the meantime, it’s important to look at other ways to mitigate concerns related to stormwater more broadly in the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups, like the California Coastkeeper Alliance, also back Papan’s effort, though it is unclear exactly how many salmon and trout in California die daily from exposure to the chemical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to start taking action, or else these species might go extinct,” the group’s executive director, Sean Bothwell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said filtering out the contaminants from stormwater using natural barriers is just the beginning; other roadway debris, like grease, oil and microplastics, could be treated using the same methods.[aside label='More on Climate Change' tag='climate-change']“It can address all that in one swoop,” he said. “We’re using 6PPD as the poster child of why we need to do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Papan’s solution for reducing salmon and trout dieoff may also have a secondary benefit: reducing flooding during storms, which are only becoming more intense as the world warms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t think about our infrastructure as one-trick ponies anymore,” said Hayley Currier, policy manager with the environmental nonprofit Save the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because much of the state’s water infrastructure is not ready for future storms, Currier said she hopes the pilot projects prove that creating extra space for tainted runoff to pool into will help save fish species while also reducing flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything has to do multiple things,” she said. “When building our infrastructure, we need to think about climate resilience, and flooding needs to be right up there with fire and heat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California salmon are in decline, but lawmakers believe they have a solution to the part of the problem: cleaning toxic tire dust from storm runoff that kills fish.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1712090631,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1929},"headData":{"title":"Toxic Dust Threatens California Salmon Population, Lawmaker Seeks Solution | KQED","description":"California salmon are in decline, but lawmakers believe they have a solution to the part of the problem: cleaning toxic tire dust from storm runoff that kills fish.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/5b1a77ca-1d3b-4f3b-b1f9-b14600f4458e/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992122/toxic-dust-threatens-california-salmon-population-lawmaker-seeks-solution","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For the first time in more than three decades of fishing for salmon near Bodega Bay, Dick Ogg will motor his white and navy boat, Karen Jeanne, north this summer past his typical fisheries in hopes of finding the multicolored species along the Oregon coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There aren’t enough salmon left off the California coast for Ogg to sell on Bodega Bay’s historic docks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We, as fishermen, have nowhere to turn,” he said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We, as fishermen, have nowhere to turn.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Dick Ogg, Bay Area fisher","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Fishery managers are signaling they may cancel California’s commercial salmon season for the second year in a row, which means the 71-year-old has two options: temporarily traveling to Oregon to catch salmon or barely making ends meet luring in rockfish and sablefish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ogg, often in a gray hoodie and wiry sunglasses, wishes there was a solution for boosting California’s salmon schools. He describes the species as “having one of the greatest spirits” an ocean-fairing creature can have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can take a hook and bend it straight to get away,” he said, remembering countless salmon that escaped. “Maybe that’s what they were supposed to do, having the chance to go up the river to spawn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers think they have a solution for at least one part of the salmon mortality problem: purifying highway runoff of toxic dust from tires that enters streams and rivers during storms — made worse by human-caused climate change. When the chemical enters waterways, it quickly kills some species of salmon and trout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Diane Papan (D-San Mateo) recently introduced legislation — \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1798\">AB 1798\u003c/a> — that would mandate the state’s leading transportation agency to devise a plan for naturally removing the toxic tire particles, known as 6PPD-quinone, before they slip into waterways and kill fish. While the state has already asked the tire industry to develop alternatives for the chemicals in every tire sold in California, Papan’s plan seeks to clean up the pollution from the cars already on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992175\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-003_qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992175\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-003_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A man wearing a grayish hoodie and sun glasses stands in the doorway on a boat with bright blue overalls to the left.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-003_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-003_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-003_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-003_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-003_qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-003_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salmon fisherman Richard “Dick” Ogg stands for a portrait on his boat, the Karen Jeanne at Spud Point Marina in Bodega Bay, Calif., on Saturday, March 30, 2024. Ogg is planning on going to Oregon for salmon season this year, due to California’s shortage. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While purifying runoff from tiny, tainted rubber bits won’t entirely solve the salmon die-off, Ogg sees the effort as an “opportunity to do what we can to support the fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The perils to California’s salmon are growing.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘… these fish are in peril because their river ecosystems are in peril. If we don’t take some steps now, then we might be looking at the final days of the species and the fishing fleet.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Sarah Bates, Bay Area fisher","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A changing ocean, dams blocking migration paths, worsening drought conditions drastically decreasing water flows, and climate-fueled storms further complicate river systems. People are feeling the effects on land, even if they don’t realize it — fishers lose jobs, restaurants turn to farm-grown fish, and tribes who view salmon as part of their cultural identity can’t rely on salmon as a food source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Bates, who captains Bounty, a commercial fishing boat docked at Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco, said the industry is suffering after years of diminished salmon populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992177\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-020_qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992177\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-020_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A man walks by boats on a dock.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-020_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-020_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-020_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-020_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-020_qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240330-Salmon-JY-020_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salmon fisherman Richard “Dick” Ogg walks through Spud Point Marina in Bodega Bay, on Saturday, March 30, 2024. If fisheries cancel California’s salmon season for the second year in a row, Ogg plans to make a trip to Oregon to catch salmon there. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people are out of work and struggling financially and emotionally,” she said. “But the fact is that these fish are in peril because their river ecosystems are in peril. If we don’t take some steps now, then we might be looking at the final days of the species and the fishing fleet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is 6PPD?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For over half a century, manufacturers have included the chemical \u003ca href=\"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID9025114\">6PPD\u003c/a> in the tire-making process to help them last longer. When ozone in the air comes into contact with the chemical, it turns into 6PPD-quinone. The byproduct ends up as toxic dust on roadways. During storms, the chemical gets washed into rivers and streams, where it comes in contact with fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent studies have linked the death of coho salmon to the chemical. In watersheds near the busiest roadways, researchers found \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd6951\">up to 90% of returning salmon in the Pacific Northwest may die before spawning\u003c/a>. They also found the chemical in roadway runoff in Los Angeles and creeks in San Francisco and suggested the contaminated bits of rubber kill steelhead trout and chinook salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1992167\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1992167\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/GettyImages-1233162632-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinook salmon (pictured) as well as steelhead trout are being killed by toxic tire dust that produces the chemical byproduct called 6PPD-quinone when ozone in the air comes into contact with the chemical. Researchers found the byproduct in roadway runoff in Los Angeles and creeks in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Patrick T. Fallon/AFL via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some species, like coho, are susceptible, and the substance diluted in water can kill them in hours. In 2022, researchers found that “\u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00467\">significant mortality occurred in coho even when roadway runoff was diluted by 95% in clean water\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical’s effect on human health is still unknown, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the Russian River in Sonoma and Mendocino counties, officials counted \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomawater.org/chinook\">fewer than 2,000 chinook salmon in December\u003c/a>, down from nearly 7,000 in 2012 — a far cry from the more than 150,000 fish that swam the river more than a century ago, said Don McEnhill, executive director of the environmental nonprofit Russian Riverkeeper.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We could not sit idle while 6PPD kills the fish that sustain us.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Joseph L. James, chairman, Yurok Tribe","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“This is kind of a straw that breaks the camel’s back kind of situation,” he said. “We have created a host of impacts on aquatic ecosystems, and this new stressor, climate change, is putting a lot more pressure on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last November, the U.S. EPA granted \u003ca href=\"https://earthjustice.org/press/2023/epa-grants-tribal-nations-petition-to-restrict-6ppd-in-tires\">a petition by tribes\u003c/a> for the agency to consider establishing regulations prohibiting the manufacturing, processing, use and distribution of 6PPD in tires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could not sit idle while 6PPD kills the fish that sustain us,” said Joseph L. James, chairman of the Yurok Tribe, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA officials said last fall that addressing the contaminant in the environment “is one way we can work to reverse this trend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the state required the tire industry to give California a list of more than 40 alternatives to 6PPD by last Friday. The state’s Department of Toxic Substances Control has two months to evaluate the findings before providing feedback to the tire companies, but in a statement, it said, “the responsibility to comply falls first on manufacturers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This marks a crucial milestone in our efforts to compel manufacturers to look for safer alternatives to this toxic chemical while ensuring tire safety on California’s roads,” said Meredith Williams, the agency’s director.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘It’s in every vehicle tire’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Removing 6PPD-quinone from storm runoff is a massive undertaking, but Assemblymember Papan is spearheading the challenge. In March, she introduced legislation \u003ca href=\"https://a21.asmdc.org/press-releases/20240319-legislation-safeguard-salmon-and-steelhead-trout-lethal-storm-water#:~:text=The%20S.A.L.M.O.N%20Act%20will%20direct,salmon%20and%20steelhead%20trout%20habitats.\">mandating Caltrans develop a regional strategy to eliminate the chemicals from stormwater discharge\u003c/a> into salmon and steelhead trout habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While tribes call for eliminating 6PPD in tires everywhere, Papan’s bill focuses on removing existing toxic dust from roadways because eliminating the chemicals from tires doesn’t address out-of-state travelers, imported tires or tires already on cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1982500\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS50202_IMG_6476-2-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1982500\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS50202_IMG_6476-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Cars and trucks on an interstate highway as seen from an overpass.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS50202_IMG_6476-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS50202_IMG_6476-2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS50202_IMG_6476-2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS50202_IMG_6476-2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS50202_IMG_6476-2-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/04/RS50202_IMG_6476-2-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Traffic on Interstate 880 toward Oakland flowing with cars and diesel trucks midafternoon on Monday, June 28, 2021. \u003ccite>(Joyce Tsai/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s sort of the first step,” she said. “It’s in every vehicle tire, and we’ve got to find a replacement. In short of finding that replacement, this bill plays a key role in keeping our waterways clean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation directs Caltrans to create five pilot projects in San Mateo, Contra Costa, Sonoma, Humboldt and Nevada counties where highways cross salmon and steelhead-bearing waters. The bill also advises Caltrans to create green basins near roads where plants and soil naturally remove the chemicals from runoff before entering rivers and streams.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It’s in every vehicle tire, and we’ve got to find a replacement. In short of finding that replacement, this bill plays a key role in keeping our waterways clean.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Assemblymember Diane Papan (D-San Mateo)","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We won’t be able to do it everywhere, but as we expand out, we will look at where we can do it in a targeted fashion,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans declined to comment because the agency does not comment on pending legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Tire Manufacturers Association, representing a dozen companies that operate 57 tire-related facilities across the country, supports Papan’s bill. Sean Moore, who leads the group’s government relations team, said the organization is working with Papan because it could take years for the rules banning the preservative to come into effect, and “in the meantime, it’s important to look at other ways to mitigate concerns related to stormwater more broadly in the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups, like the California Coastkeeper Alliance, also back Papan’s effort, though it is unclear exactly how many salmon and trout in California die daily from exposure to the chemical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to start taking action, or else these species might go extinct,” the group’s executive director, Sean Bothwell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said filtering out the contaminants from stormwater using natural barriers is just the beginning; other roadway debris, like grease, oil and microplastics, could be treated using the same methods.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on Climate Change ","tag":"climate-change"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It can address all that in one swoop,” he said. “We’re using 6PPD as the poster child of why we need to do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Papan’s solution for reducing salmon and trout dieoff may also have a secondary benefit: reducing flooding during storms, which are only becoming more intense as the world warms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t think about our infrastructure as one-trick ponies anymore,” said Hayley Currier, policy manager with the environmental nonprofit Save the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because much of the state’s water infrastructure is not ready for future storms, Currier said she hopes the pilot projects prove that creating extra space for tainted runoff to pool into will help save fish species while also reducing flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything has to do multiple things,” she said. “When building our infrastructure, we need to think about climate resilience, and flooding needs to be right up there with fire and heat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992122/toxic-dust-threatens-california-salmon-population-lawmaker-seeks-solution","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_5178","science_194","science_4417","science_4414","science_941","science_247"],"featImg":"science_1992176","label":"science"},"science_1992085":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1992085","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1992085","score":null,"sort":[1711470746000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"san-francisco-will-continue-enforcing-gas-ban-in-new-buildings-despite-berkeleys-repeal-of-similar-rules","title":"San Francisco Will Continue Enforcing New-Building Gas Ban Despite Berkeley's Repeal of Similar Rules","publishDate":1711470746,"format":"standard","headTitle":"San Francisco Will Continue Enforcing New-Building Gas Ban Despite Berkeley’s Repeal of Similar Rules | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 4 p.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley was the first city in the nation to ban natural gas piping from being installed into new buildings, a progressive policy that quickly spread to other municipalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as that city abandons its bellwether policy, San Francisco’s version of the all-electric building code may endure — at least for now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco officials told KQED that the city would continue prohibiting gas hookups in new housing and commercial construction, even after Berkeley agreed last week to repeal its hard-fought ban as part of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.calrest.org/news/california-restaurant-association-and-berkeley-settle-gas-ban-lawsuit-berkeley-will-not-enforce\">settlement with the California Restaurant Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one has come to us asking us to change or repeal our law,” said Supervisor Rafael Mandelman, who proposed \u003ca href=\"https://www.sf.gov/all-electric-new-construction-ordinance#:~:text=All%20new%20construction%20must%20use,systems%20must%20be%20all%2Delectric.\">San Francisco’s 2020 policy\u003c/a>. “We will continue to enforce it, continue to implement it, consistent with this court decision in the Berkeley case. We think we can do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"gas-ban\"]The powerful state restaurant group challenged the legality of Berkeley’s regulations, arguing the city overstepped its authority \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11946999/court-strikes-down-berkeleys-landmark-ban-on-natural-gas-in-new-construction\">in violation of a nearly 50-year-old U.S. law\u003c/a> authorizing federal officials to set national efficiency standards. Last April, a three-judge panel of the 9th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals agreed and struck down the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11947150/socalgas-helped-bankroll-law-firms-fight-against-berkeley-natural-gas-ban\">subsequently reported\u003c/a> that SoCalGas, the nation’s largest natural gas utility, billed a ratepayer account more than $1 million to help bankroll the law firm that successfully challenged Berkeley’s gas ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the full appeals court \u003ca href=\"https://subscriber.politicopro.com/f/?id=0000018c-cb3f-db9e-abbf-ffbf166e0000\">declined Berkeley’s request\u003c/a> to reconsider the ruling, prompting the city to agree to stop enforcing the policy and begin the legal process of repealing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court’s denial for a rehearing “left us with very few options to seek review,” Stefan Elgstrand, the mayor’s legislative aide, said in an email on Tuesday. “However, the ruling leaves open many policymaking avenues for Berkeley to address environmental and public health hazards within its borders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the setback, he added, “Berkeley will continue to lead in climate action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the city’s legal saga began nearly five years ago, dozens of other cities in California, including San Francisco and Los Angeles, have passed similar measures to prohibit gas lines in new construction projects. And both \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/climate/article/bay-area-regulators-vote-end-sales-key-gas-home-17836615.php\">Bay Area\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/california-will-ban-the-sale-of-natural-gas-17460877.php\">statewide\u003c/a> air regulators last year issued rules phasing out the sale of new gas-powered furnaces and water heaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the court struck down Berkeley’s law last year, however, a number of other jurisdictions that initially followed the city’s lead in limiting natural gas in new construction have since suspended enforcement of their bans — including \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1991664/san-mateo-contra-costa-pause-natural-gas-bans-for-new-buildings\">San Mateo and Contra Costa counties\u003c/a> and the cities of \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/california/article287006140.html\">Sacramento\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2023/06/14/santa-cruz-city-council-suspends-natural-gas-ordinance/\">Santa Cruz\u003c/a>. Other cities that have recently enacted gas bans, like San José, say they are evaluating the implications of the court’s ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jot Condie, CEO of the restaurant association, said in a statement that his group is encouraged that Berkeley finally agreed to repeal its ordinance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every city and county in California that has passed a similar ordinance should follow their lead,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But San Francisco officials believe the city may be inoculated from a lawsuit because of the policy’s focus on building safety and because it allows some restaurants and other businesses in new buildings to opt out of the regulation — even though none have yet to do so, according to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were, frankly, a more robust set of off ramps [in San Francisco’s legislation] and ways for people to seek exemptions, including exemptions for restaurants,” Mandelman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups insist that the court ruling against Berkeley’s policy won’t stop the growing electrification movement and are urging municipalities to continue transitioning away from fossil fuels in new construction in an effort to curb greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thankfully, since 2019, cities and local air quality agencies have developed a wide variety of policy paths to move forward, from energy codes to air quality protections, to protect their residents and help us all step into a zero-emissions future,” Matt Vespa, a senior attorney with Earthjustice, said in a statement. “The future is clean energy, and nothing can hold that back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"San Francisco officials told KQED that the city would continue prohibiting gas hookups in new housing and commercial construction, even after Berkeley agreed last week to stop enforcing its hard-fought ban.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1711496428,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":741},"headData":{"title":"San Francisco Will Continue Enforcing New-Building Gas Ban Despite Berkeley's Repeal of Similar Rules | KQED","description":"San Francisco officials told KQED that the city would continue prohibiting gas hookups in new housing and commercial construction, even after Berkeley agreed last week to stop enforcing its hard-fought ban.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992085/san-francisco-will-continue-enforcing-gas-ban-in-new-buildings-despite-berkeleys-repeal-of-similar-rules","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 4 p.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley was the first city in the nation to ban natural gas piping from being installed into new buildings, a progressive policy that quickly spread to other municipalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as that city abandons its bellwether policy, San Francisco’s version of the all-electric building code may endure — at least for now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco officials told KQED that the city would continue prohibiting gas hookups in new housing and commercial construction, even after Berkeley agreed last week to repeal its hard-fought ban as part of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.calrest.org/news/california-restaurant-association-and-berkeley-settle-gas-ban-lawsuit-berkeley-will-not-enforce\">settlement with the California Restaurant Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one has come to us asking us to change or repeal our law,” said Supervisor Rafael Mandelman, who proposed \u003ca href=\"https://www.sf.gov/all-electric-new-construction-ordinance#:~:text=All%20new%20construction%20must%20use,systems%20must%20be%20all%2Delectric.\">San Francisco’s 2020 policy\u003c/a>. “We will continue to enforce it, continue to implement it, consistent with this court decision in the Berkeley case. We think we can do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related coverage ","tag":"gas-ban"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The powerful state restaurant group challenged the legality of Berkeley’s regulations, arguing the city overstepped its authority \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11946999/court-strikes-down-berkeleys-landmark-ban-on-natural-gas-in-new-construction\">in violation of a nearly 50-year-old U.S. law\u003c/a> authorizing federal officials to set national efficiency standards. Last April, a three-judge panel of the 9th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals agreed and struck down the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11947150/socalgas-helped-bankroll-law-firms-fight-against-berkeley-natural-gas-ban\">subsequently reported\u003c/a> that SoCalGas, the nation’s largest natural gas utility, billed a ratepayer account more than $1 million to help bankroll the law firm that successfully challenged Berkeley’s gas ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the full appeals court \u003ca href=\"https://subscriber.politicopro.com/f/?id=0000018c-cb3f-db9e-abbf-ffbf166e0000\">declined Berkeley’s request\u003c/a> to reconsider the ruling, prompting the city to agree to stop enforcing the policy and begin the legal process of repealing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court’s denial for a rehearing “left us with very few options to seek review,” Stefan Elgstrand, the mayor’s legislative aide, said in an email on Tuesday. “However, the ruling leaves open many policymaking avenues for Berkeley to address environmental and public health hazards within its borders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the setback, he added, “Berkeley will continue to lead in climate action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the city’s legal saga began nearly five years ago, dozens of other cities in California, including San Francisco and Los Angeles, have passed similar measures to prohibit gas lines in new construction projects. And both \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/climate/article/bay-area-regulators-vote-end-sales-key-gas-home-17836615.php\">Bay Area\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/california-will-ban-the-sale-of-natural-gas-17460877.php\">statewide\u003c/a> air regulators last year issued rules phasing out the sale of new gas-powered furnaces and water heaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the court struck down Berkeley’s law last year, however, a number of other jurisdictions that initially followed the city’s lead in limiting natural gas in new construction have since suspended enforcement of their bans — including \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1991664/san-mateo-contra-costa-pause-natural-gas-bans-for-new-buildings\">San Mateo and Contra Costa counties\u003c/a> and the cities of \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/california/article287006140.html\">Sacramento\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2023/06/14/santa-cruz-city-council-suspends-natural-gas-ordinance/\">Santa Cruz\u003c/a>. Other cities that have recently enacted gas bans, like San José, say they are evaluating the implications of the court’s ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jot Condie, CEO of the restaurant association, said in a statement that his group is encouraged that Berkeley finally agreed to repeal its ordinance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every city and county in California that has passed a similar ordinance should follow their lead,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But San Francisco officials believe the city may be inoculated from a lawsuit because of the policy’s focus on building safety and because it allows some restaurants and other businesses in new buildings to opt out of the regulation — even though none have yet to do so, according to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were, frankly, a more robust set of off ramps [in San Francisco’s legislation] and ways for people to seek exemptions, including exemptions for restaurants,” Mandelman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups insist that the court ruling against Berkeley’s policy won’t stop the growing electrification movement and are urging municipalities to continue transitioning away from fossil fuels in new construction in an effort to curb greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thankfully, since 2019, cities and local air quality agencies have developed a wide variety of policy paths to move forward, from energy codes to air quality protections, to protect their residents and help us all step into a zero-emissions future,” Matt Vespa, a senior attorney with Earthjustice, said in a statement. “The future is clean energy, and nothing can hold that back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992085/san-francisco-will-continue-enforcing-gas-ban-in-new-buildings-despite-berkeleys-repeal-of-similar-rules","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_33","science_4450"],"tags":["science_1665","science_194","science_4417","science_4414","science_2164","science_5252","science_5183"],"featImg":"science_1954913","label":"science"},"science_1991936":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991936","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1991936","score":null,"sort":[1710881728000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"marin-county-approves-contract-to-prepare-for-rising-seas-and-extreme-storms","title":"Marin County Approves Contract to Prepare for Rising Seas and Extreme Storms","publishDate":1710881728,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Marin County Approves Contract to Prepare for Rising Seas and Extreme Storms | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Readying Marin County for future sea-level rise — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979603/california-overhauls-its-sea-level-rise-plan-as-climate-change-reshapes-coastal-life\">as much as 3 feet by the end of the century\u003c/a> — starts with reimagining how local governments think about the impact of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the Marin County Board of Supervisors approved a contract on Tuesday for a plan that could potentially restructure county government to prepare the more than 110 miles of coastal and bay shoreline for rising tides and extreme storms.[aside postID=science_1980525 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348806842-1020x691.jpg']County officials want AECOM, the consulting firm awarded the contract, to figure out how to advance solutions for rising seas while best using existing staff and resources to prepare for climate effects. This could mean creating a new sea-level rise department. Residents and climate advocates argue whatever the firm comes up with must benefit communities of color, who face disproportionate adverse outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study aims to develop “a governance structure that will unite the community,” said Ariel Espiritu Santo, an assistant county executive with Marin County, who presented on the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project will have two phases: recommending a sea-level rise decision-making model and determining how the county can fund and support the model. It will cost over $500,000 and has a late 2025 timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This project is timely because it occurs in tandem with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1981687/the-bay-could-soon-have-its-first-region-wide-sea-level-rise-plan-but-no-one-to-enforce-it\">a Bay Area sea-level rise plan due at the end of the year\u003c/a> by the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission. The plan, led by Dana Brechwald, is developing standards for sub-regional strategies like the one Marin may consider.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dana Brechwald, assistant planning director for climate adaptation, San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission\"]‘Their lives are just as valuable as people who own multimillion-dollar properties on the shoreline.’[/pullquote]Communities on the edges of the county frequently flood during king tides and storms — and inundation may get much worse by the end of the century. In the county alone, rising tides and extreme storms could impact more than 120 miles of roads and 10,000 buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brechwald said the study could result in a new sea-level rise department \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985919/san-mateo-county-proposes-off-shore-doors-to-combat-sea-level-rise\">like San Mateo County formed in 2020\u003c/a>. For it to be successful, she said the county needs to protect the most vulnerable residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their lives are just as valuable as people who own multimillion-dollar properties on the shoreline,” she said.[aside label='More on Sea-Level Rise' tag='sea-level-rise']The county plans to address equity issues within its review and mandate the consultant to create a governance structure that “lifts up the voices of those that will be most directly impacted by it,” Espiritu Santo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents in places like Marin City, a bowl of a town sandwiched between steep mountains and Highway 101 and just 5 miles north of the Golden Gate Bridge, are no strangers to flooding issues and have advocated for solutions for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Marin City has flooded for over 80 years,” said Marin City resident and climate advocate Terrie Harris-Green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Creating a new department to tackle sea-level rise, however, will be complex, and Gary Griggs, a distinguished professor of sciences at UC Santa Cruz, said putting the onus on one agency to prepare for sea-level rise could be shortsighted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a little cautious of a whole new department,” he said, especially when staff in existing programs and departments can work together to plan for sea-level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real question he asked is, “How can you bring those people together?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Marin Board of Supervisors voted on a $500,000 plan to potentially restructure county government to protect over 110 miles of shoreline from sea-level rise. The initiative seeks to address racial equity disparities in the county’s response to sea-level rise.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1710886516,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":622},"headData":{"title":"Marin County Approves Contract to Prepare for Rising Seas and Extreme Storms | KQED","description":"Marin Board of Supervisors voted on a $500,000 plan to potentially restructure county government to protect over 110 miles of shoreline from sea-level rise. The initiative seeks to address racial equity disparities in the county’s response to sea-level rise.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991936/marin-county-approves-contract-to-prepare-for-rising-seas-and-extreme-storms","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Readying Marin County for future sea-level rise — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979603/california-overhauls-its-sea-level-rise-plan-as-climate-change-reshapes-coastal-life\">as much as 3 feet by the end of the century\u003c/a> — starts with reimagining how local governments think about the impact of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the Marin County Board of Supervisors approved a contract on Tuesday for a plan that could potentially restructure county government to prepare the more than 110 miles of coastal and bay shoreline for rising tides and extreme storms.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1980525","hero":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/GettyImages-1348806842-1020x691.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>County officials want AECOM, the consulting firm awarded the contract, to figure out how to advance solutions for rising seas while best using existing staff and resources to prepare for climate effects. This could mean creating a new sea-level rise department. Residents and climate advocates argue whatever the firm comes up with must benefit communities of color, who face disproportionate adverse outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study aims to develop “a governance structure that will unite the community,” said Ariel Espiritu Santo, an assistant county executive with Marin County, who presented on the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project will have two phases: recommending a sea-level rise decision-making model and determining how the county can fund and support the model. It will cost over $500,000 and has a late 2025 timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This project is timely because it occurs in tandem with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1981687/the-bay-could-soon-have-its-first-region-wide-sea-level-rise-plan-but-no-one-to-enforce-it\">a Bay Area sea-level rise plan due at the end of the year\u003c/a> by the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission. The plan, led by Dana Brechwald, is developing standards for sub-regional strategies like the one Marin may consider.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Their lives are just as valuable as people who own multimillion-dollar properties on the shoreline.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Dana Brechwald, assistant planning director for climate adaptation, San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Communities on the edges of the county frequently flood during king tides and storms — and inundation may get much worse by the end of the century. In the county alone, rising tides and extreme storms could impact more than 120 miles of roads and 10,000 buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brechwald said the study could result in a new sea-level rise department \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985919/san-mateo-county-proposes-off-shore-doors-to-combat-sea-level-rise\">like San Mateo County formed in 2020\u003c/a>. For it to be successful, she said the county needs to protect the most vulnerable residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their lives are just as valuable as people who own multimillion-dollar properties on the shoreline,” she said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on Sea-Level Rise ","tag":"sea-level-rise"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The county plans to address equity issues within its review and mandate the consultant to create a governance structure that “lifts up the voices of those that will be most directly impacted by it,” Espiritu Santo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents in places like Marin City, a bowl of a town sandwiched between steep mountains and Highway 101 and just 5 miles north of the Golden Gate Bridge, are no strangers to flooding issues and have advocated for solutions for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Marin City has flooded for over 80 years,” said Marin City resident and climate advocate Terrie Harris-Green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Creating a new department to tackle sea-level rise, however, will be complex, and Gary Griggs, a distinguished professor of sciences at UC Santa Cruz, said putting the onus on one agency to prepare for sea-level rise could be shortsighted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a little cautious of a whole new department,” he said, especially when staff in existing programs and departments can work together to plan for sea-level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real question he asked is, “How can you bring those people together?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991936/marin-county-approves-contract-to-prepare-for-rising-seas-and-extreme-storms","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_856","science_194","science_4414","science_206"],"featImg":"science_1991941","label":"science"},"science_1991905":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991905","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1991905","score":null,"sort":[1710846046000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"dont-think-heat-pumps-are-sexy-time-to-listen-to-this-slow-jam","title":"Don't Think Heat Pumps Are Sexy? Time to Listen to This Slow Jam","publishDate":1710846046,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Don’t Think Heat Pumps Are Sexy? Time to Listen to This Slow Jam | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>You know what’s hot but also cool? R&B music. You know what else is? \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1981511/how-the-unassuming-heat-pump-can-stave-off-warming\">Heat pumps\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pair of Berkeley musicians set out to prove it by combining the two in a sultry, catchy slow jam called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.hotmike.com/heat-pump.html\">(I’m Your) Heat Pump\u003c/a>”—and the unlikely song delivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(I’m Your) Heat Pump” is full of delightful double entendres, with the heat pump playing the role of both lover and steady, dependable appliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you want it hot, I’m hot for you, when you want it cool, I’m cool witchu, babe,” croons singer Will Hammond Jr., in a line that will surely earworm its way into your head. “Cause I can do it all for you, baby, all you got to do is turn me on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with being surprisingly catchy, the song educates listeners about the heat pump: how it fights climate change, how heat pumps work, and why you might consider the heating and cooling device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can listen to the song here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" allow=\"autoplay\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1746273273&color=0053a4&hide_related=true&show_comments=false&show_teaser=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#song\">Why write a song about heat pumps?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#heatpump\">What’s a heat pump?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#climatesolution\">Why do heat pumps matter as a climate solution?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#cost\">How much do heat pumps cost?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#info\">What else should I know about heat pumps?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"song\">\u003c/a>Why write a song about heat pumps?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“People can mistakenly think that maybe [heat pumps] are a little boring. Maybe they’re a little humdrum,” said Mike Roberts, a part-time musician and part-time music teacher. But, he said, they aren’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want people to know that heat pumps are actually very exciting,” Roberts said. They are “such a great way for us as individuals to make a difference with the climate and to improve our lives at the same time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts converted his furnace, water heater, stove and clothes dryer — the most common gas-powered appliances — to electric appliances a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been such a fan of home electrification since then that he volunteers with the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://switchison.org/\">The Switch Is On\u003c/a>, which facilitates home electrification. He had joked before that he’d like to write music about electrification. And then he did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first lyrics he wrote were, “I’m your heat pump,” Roberts said. “And I just started laughing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts recruited his bandmate and music publisher, Will Hammond Jr., to sing the ballad with his deep and resonant voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991928\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1991928 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bandmates Will Hammond Jr. (left) and Mike Roberts at Roberts’s home in Berkeley on Mar. 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Styer Martínez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I had the ghost of Barry White sort of talking to me like, ‘Come on, man, you can do this,’” Hammond said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both musicians wanted the song to be more than funny; they wanted it to actually tell people about heat pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like edutainment,” Hammond said. “We’re educating people, but we’re also entertaining them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a lot of appetite in the climate space right now for a little bit of fun,” Roberts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"heatpump\">\u003c/a>What’s a heat pump?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A heat pump can warm or cool a home, serving the same role as a furnace and air conditioner all rolled into one. The difference is that most furnaces use gas, while a heat pump uses electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat pumps can also warm and cool water, like a water heater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the technology sounds strange, you may be surprised to know that you likely already have a type of heat pump in your home. This is how your refrigerator works.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"climatesolution\">\u003c/a>Why do heat pumps matter as a climate solution?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The largest source of emissions in your home comes from heating and cooling your indoor air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat pumps are \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-heat-pumps/how-a-heat-pump-works\">three to five times more efficient than gas furnaces\u003c/a> and can \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421522000386\">cut a home’s carbon pollution by 40%–50%\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1981511 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/02/RS60056_023_KQED_HomeElectrificationOakland_11072022-qut-1020x680.jpg']California’s grid is constantly getting greener as more zero-carbon and clean energy sources come online. And the state has\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/07/22/governor-newsom-calls-for-bold-actions-to-move-faster-toward-climate-goals/\"> the goal of installing 6 million heat pumps by 2030\u003c/a> — which would save millions of pounds of CO2.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"cost\">\u003c/a>How much do heat pumps cost?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Heat pumps tend to be more expensive than gas furnaces but less expensive than the price of a gas furnace and an air conditioning unit combined (and heat pumps do both things).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether a new build or an upgrade to an existing home, \u003ca href=\"https://apppack-app-tech-reporting-prod-privates3bucket-z0onruvirqb2.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/Heat_Pump_HVAC_Retrofit_Cost_Drivers_v4W3bW0_kiFU8k4.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=ASIASLLU4AX2FB6R7KFU&Signature=yGZT7rLoaJ7%2BRNLitrtUIa35LWM%3D&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjENT%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLXdlc3QtMiJHMEUCIDuu23RY5qtWEH25BKaYSOEaWzz1KxBLDbTY3oVyraq4AiEAxwp7Dhf0PmNINjscaVg6F8RAJp6K8C%2FqKYFi9%2F3uJ8QqvgQI3f%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARAGGgwxNjE4NDMyNTA2NzYiDFqtIb9jZcB%2FpgTqSCqSBMbA6qw4M1r8zkkA14FsfYZ9uuZY%2F95sBuPy3eEUZ8Rzp6PN1ZRLeuZu2pQsJuTjh8D1Gl5x2IYSiFgLTab4%2FiAzkOGbaifO3WXCmZB6DEHpJFyj%2BGcvoLrzDGKRk%2BRi312XMpGr0Oa8Lc6BvQXhwUlkXlzNyZbncs9KkGs%2FfyCAZbxC5xQ6BjHmZEH7H%2FlCPFGCyTCvaOGkgkiIWjrn1Xn0zZ4xJVVhZv7q%2BqxkHu9mIPo731fF5BoLVlDGwqs%2FkjS%2BlU0nyI1tsujjM3rJLlSDYamJYZ033H8eyatr0Viuyz5qZzNKfEARMcmRyDLduwyHvtORObJ3W9zJjDV3FObT3F6pVdMxcJBCykTHq1SY9GUfr7y1djCZnD%2B92cGh6WgZudJvF4mZwO6PtrWX5QeHFh9vADLaYYFtzu%2FAEzylrlYOdnd%2BRnBWhxCuRZWOkmn8A%2Fqw3d6jKu2pyMIg8GAU8srPNXslMJZWVfpYFr%2BL9sdRBYmNfy%2BxKDHchlzVGOC4GXBWp6ZorlkiJU8cCYruNjlL3uzOxxbgTdTrIfkor1rdw9Jv%2FnfohdQAMccOLcOmHdq6oTHLS74kP0vBn91kPYttUP8aSAA3skL3KURQh2LFEObVgZXHGCY4Hm6%2BfBtR5cKS1LJHmZ4ngl3VWMjXNrTkFzfrt0q4pVEswMlTw6lsHNmwNo0ahEuDTYV2VXyAMNus4q8GOqYBu6bjwn5L3uFxMMCVQWEjSXUCyqWG089lLC97XuE487rinw9Y%2B0CYSn9RbV4MdY6na2VLd1CjrLR%2BVFQsVn%2BvwU9NmxOTtwEyjhC5e8oG3nUUEDtMx29jA8prRXyNiZ28GmX4AbuOnOdHgNRl77FF%2BEJieTIUlgxHc4tfQa14Ai11xO%2FQCxKD5hNh95pNoCB8X9UdtJtk3o%2Fsty3BB7V21EhyInpLcw%3D%3D&Expires=1711408848\">the average installation project costs roughly $13,000 to $23,000 in California (PDF)\u003c/a>. This, of course, varies widely based on home size, the type of heat pump you purchase, and whether you need to upgrade any other aspects of your electrical system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are state and federal programs to help defray the cost. You can search for incentives through \u003ca href=\"https://incentives.switchison.org/residents/incentives?state=CA\">The Switch Is On\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://homes.rewiringamerica.org/calculator\">Rewiring America\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Inflation Reduction Act, passed in 2022, also includes a $2,000 tax credit for heat pumps and an additional $11,500 in rebates for low- and moderate-income households.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"info\">\u003c/a>What else should I know about heat pumps?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to say exactly how a heat pump will affect your monthly bills. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/news/press/2024/benefits-of-heat-pumps-detailed-in-new-nrel-report.html\">The majority of Americans see a drop in their energy bills by using a heat pump\u003c/a>, but in many cases, the high upfront costs of the appliance cancel out savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some heat pump critics say the appliance isn’t up to the task of warming a home when it’s sub-zero outside. A heat pump gets less efficient in extreme cold, but many models still operate well, even \u003ca href=\"https://www.mncee.org/cold-climate-air-source-heat-pump-final-report\">as low as -13 degrees Fahrenheit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>–\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts and Hammond don’t think their song will start a revolution, but they hope you’ll think of that humdrum, dependable appliance a little differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not that I think this song alone is going to make people run out and replace their gas furnace with a heat pump,” Roberts said. “But I’m hoping this is just going to create a good feeling. ‘Heat pumps are very cool. I don’t know why I think they’re so cool or sexy, but I’ll look into it.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Heat pumps are heroes in the fight against climate change. But the appliances have a publicity problem. So 2 Berkeley musicians wrote them a sultry slow jam.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1710869483,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1098},"headData":{"title":"Don't Think Heat Pumps Are Sexy? Time to Listen to This Slow Jam | KQED","description":"Heat pumps are heroes in the fight against climate change. But the appliances have a publicity problem. So 2 Berkeley musicians wrote them a sultry slow jam.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/4ece7854-0053-48cc-bcef-b1380107b8ab/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991905/dont-think-heat-pumps-are-sexy-time-to-listen-to-this-slow-jam","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You know what’s hot but also cool? R&B music. You know what else is? \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1981511/how-the-unassuming-heat-pump-can-stave-off-warming\">Heat pumps\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pair of Berkeley musicians set out to prove it by combining the two in a sultry, catchy slow jam called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.hotmike.com/heat-pump.html\">(I’m Your) Heat Pump\u003c/a>”—and the unlikely song delivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(I’m Your) Heat Pump” is full of delightful double entendres, with the heat pump playing the role of both lover and steady, dependable appliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you want it hot, I’m hot for you, when you want it cool, I’m cool witchu, babe,” croons singer Will Hammond Jr., in a line that will surely earworm its way into your head. “Cause I can do it all for you, baby, all you got to do is turn me on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with being surprisingly catchy, the song educates listeners about the heat pump: how it fights climate change, how heat pumps work, and why you might consider the heating and cooling device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can listen to the song here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" allow=\"autoplay\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1746273273&color=0053a4&hide_related=true&show_comments=false&show_teaser=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#song\">Why write a song about heat pumps?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#heatpump\">What’s a heat pump?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#climatesolution\">Why do heat pumps matter as a climate solution?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#cost\">How much do heat pumps cost?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#info\">What else should I know about heat pumps?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"song\">\u003c/a>Why write a song about heat pumps?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“People can mistakenly think that maybe [heat pumps] are a little boring. Maybe they’re a little humdrum,” said Mike Roberts, a part-time musician and part-time music teacher. But, he said, they aren’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want people to know that heat pumps are actually very exciting,” Roberts said. They are “such a great way for us as individuals to make a difference with the climate and to improve our lives at the same time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts converted his furnace, water heater, stove and clothes dryer — the most common gas-powered appliances — to electric appliances a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been such a fan of home electrification since then that he volunteers with the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://switchison.org/\">The Switch Is On\u003c/a>, which facilitates home electrification. He had joked before that he’d like to write music about electrification. And then he did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first lyrics he wrote were, “I’m your heat pump,” Roberts said. “And I just started laughing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts recruited his bandmate and music publisher, Will Hammond Jr., to sing the ballad with his deep and resonant voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991928\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1991928 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240313-HEATPUMPSONG-KSM-5-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bandmates Will Hammond Jr. (left) and Mike Roberts at Roberts’s home in Berkeley on Mar. 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Styer Martínez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I had the ghost of Barry White sort of talking to me like, ‘Come on, man, you can do this,’” Hammond said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both musicians wanted the song to be more than funny; they wanted it to actually tell people about heat pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like edutainment,” Hammond said. “We’re educating people, but we’re also entertaining them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a lot of appetite in the climate space right now for a little bit of fun,” Roberts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"heatpump\">\u003c/a>What’s a heat pump?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A heat pump can warm or cool a home, serving the same role as a furnace and air conditioner all rolled into one. The difference is that most furnaces use gas, while a heat pump uses electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat pumps can also warm and cool water, like a water heater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the technology sounds strange, you may be surprised to know that you likely already have a type of heat pump in your home. This is how your refrigerator works.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"climatesolution\">\u003c/a>Why do heat pumps matter as a climate solution?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The largest source of emissions in your home comes from heating and cooling your indoor air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat pumps are \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-heat-pumps/how-a-heat-pump-works\">three to five times more efficient than gas furnaces\u003c/a> and can \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421522000386\">cut a home’s carbon pollution by 40%–50%\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1981511","hero":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/02/RS60056_023_KQED_HomeElectrificationOakland_11072022-qut-1020x680.jpg","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>California’s grid is constantly getting greener as more zero-carbon and clean energy sources come online. And the state has\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/07/22/governor-newsom-calls-for-bold-actions-to-move-faster-toward-climate-goals/\"> the goal of installing 6 million heat pumps by 2030\u003c/a> — which would save millions of pounds of CO2.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"cost\">\u003c/a>How much do heat pumps cost?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Heat pumps tend to be more expensive than gas furnaces but less expensive than the price of a gas furnace and an air conditioning unit combined (and heat pumps do both things).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether a new build or an upgrade to an existing home, \u003ca href=\"https://apppack-app-tech-reporting-prod-privates3bucket-z0onruvirqb2.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/Heat_Pump_HVAC_Retrofit_Cost_Drivers_v4W3bW0_kiFU8k4.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=ASIASLLU4AX2FB6R7KFU&Signature=yGZT7rLoaJ7%2BRNLitrtUIa35LWM%3D&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjENT%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLXdlc3QtMiJHMEUCIDuu23RY5qtWEH25BKaYSOEaWzz1KxBLDbTY3oVyraq4AiEAxwp7Dhf0PmNINjscaVg6F8RAJp6K8C%2FqKYFi9%2F3uJ8QqvgQI3f%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARAGGgwxNjE4NDMyNTA2NzYiDFqtIb9jZcB%2FpgTqSCqSBMbA6qw4M1r8zkkA14FsfYZ9uuZY%2F95sBuPy3eEUZ8Rzp6PN1ZRLeuZu2pQsJuTjh8D1Gl5x2IYSiFgLTab4%2FiAzkOGbaifO3WXCmZB6DEHpJFyj%2BGcvoLrzDGKRk%2BRi312XMpGr0Oa8Lc6BvQXhwUlkXlzNyZbncs9KkGs%2FfyCAZbxC5xQ6BjHmZEH7H%2FlCPFGCyTCvaOGkgkiIWjrn1Xn0zZ4xJVVhZv7q%2BqxkHu9mIPo731fF5BoLVlDGwqs%2FkjS%2BlU0nyI1tsujjM3rJLlSDYamJYZ033H8eyatr0Viuyz5qZzNKfEARMcmRyDLduwyHvtORObJ3W9zJjDV3FObT3F6pVdMxcJBCykTHq1SY9GUfr7y1djCZnD%2B92cGh6WgZudJvF4mZwO6PtrWX5QeHFh9vADLaYYFtzu%2FAEzylrlYOdnd%2BRnBWhxCuRZWOkmn8A%2Fqw3d6jKu2pyMIg8GAU8srPNXslMJZWVfpYFr%2BL9sdRBYmNfy%2BxKDHchlzVGOC4GXBWp6ZorlkiJU8cCYruNjlL3uzOxxbgTdTrIfkor1rdw9Jv%2FnfohdQAMccOLcOmHdq6oTHLS74kP0vBn91kPYttUP8aSAA3skL3KURQh2LFEObVgZXHGCY4Hm6%2BfBtR5cKS1LJHmZ4ngl3VWMjXNrTkFzfrt0q4pVEswMlTw6lsHNmwNo0ahEuDTYV2VXyAMNus4q8GOqYBu6bjwn5L3uFxMMCVQWEjSXUCyqWG089lLC97XuE487rinw9Y%2B0CYSn9RbV4MdY6na2VLd1CjrLR%2BVFQsVn%2BvwU9NmxOTtwEyjhC5e8oG3nUUEDtMx29jA8prRXyNiZ28GmX4AbuOnOdHgNRl77FF%2BEJieTIUlgxHc4tfQa14Ai11xO%2FQCxKD5hNh95pNoCB8X9UdtJtk3o%2Fsty3BB7V21EhyInpLcw%3D%3D&Expires=1711408848\">the average installation project costs roughly $13,000 to $23,000 in California (PDF)\u003c/a>. This, of course, varies widely based on home size, the type of heat pump you purchase, and whether you need to upgrade any other aspects of your electrical system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are state and federal programs to help defray the cost. You can search for incentives through \u003ca href=\"https://incentives.switchison.org/residents/incentives?state=CA\">The Switch Is On\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://homes.rewiringamerica.org/calculator\">Rewiring America\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Inflation Reduction Act, passed in 2022, also includes a $2,000 tax credit for heat pumps and an additional $11,500 in rebates for low- and moderate-income households.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"info\">\u003c/a>What else should I know about heat pumps?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to say exactly how a heat pump will affect your monthly bills. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/news/press/2024/benefits-of-heat-pumps-detailed-in-new-nrel-report.html\">The majority of Americans see a drop in their energy bills by using a heat pump\u003c/a>, but in many cases, the high upfront costs of the appliance cancel out savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some heat pump critics say the appliance isn’t up to the task of warming a home when it’s sub-zero outside. A heat pump gets less efficient in extreme cold, but many models still operate well, even \u003ca href=\"https://www.mncee.org/cold-climate-air-source-heat-pump-final-report\">as low as -13 degrees Fahrenheit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>–\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts and Hammond don’t think their song will start a revolution, but they hope you’ll think of that humdrum, dependable appliance a little differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not that I think this song alone is going to make people run out and replace their gas furnace with a heat pump,” Roberts said. “But I’m hoping this is just going to create a good feeling. ‘Heat pumps are very cool. I don’t know why I think they’re so cool or sexy, but I’ll look into it.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991905/dont-think-heat-pumps-are-sexy-time-to-listen-to-this-slow-jam","authors":["8648"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_194"],"featImg":"science_1991897","label":"science"},"science_1991866":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991866","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1991866","score":null,"sort":[1710792064000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-normal-winter-and-high-snowpack-could-curb-wildfire-risk-prevent-drought","title":"California's 'Normal' Winter and High Snowpack Could Curb Wildfire Risk, Prevent Drought","publishDate":1710792064,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California’s ‘Normal’ Winter and High Snowpack Could Curb Wildfire Risk, Prevent Drought | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The California snowpack is glistening white at more than 100% of the average for this time of year — and meteorologists forecast a storm this weekend could deepen it even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snowpack could grow by as much as 2 feet at the highest elevations as a typical winter-like storm passes over the Sierra Nevada as soon as Friday and lasts through Sunday, said National Weather Service Sacramento meteorologist Dakari Anderson.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Andrew Schwartz, lead scientist, UC Berkeley Central Sierra Snow Lab\"]‘If these storms pan out, we could go from 100% of our April 1 average to potentially above that. We’re in a good spot.”[/pullquote]Water managers consider California’s snowpack as a frozen reservoir that plays a significant role in providing water to farms and cities as it slowly melts into reservoirs, rivers and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The storm won’t be like anything we saw in the last few storms,” Anderson said \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11977803/storm-barrels-down-on-sierra-as-blizzard-conditions-close-tahoe-resorts\">of weather patterns that piled as much as 12 feet of snow in parts of the Sierra\u003c/a>. “Overall, we are looking at above-normal amounts of snow across the Sierra because of what happened in February.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, California’s snowpack is \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">100% of the average for this time of year and 104% of the average of the April 1 snowpack\u003c/a>, which is the timeframe water managers look to as an indicator of potential water supply for the rest of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If these storms pan out, we could go from 100% of our April 1 average to potentially above that,” said Andrew Schwartz, lead scientist at the UC Berkeley Central Sierra Snow Lab. “We’re in a good spot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSSacramento/status/1769708214788981173\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even without the coming storm, California is on track to have an average snow year, which is a big deal because residents are used to bouncing back and forth between extremes: droughts, when Californians conserve water, and extremely wet years when the flood risk is highest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s infrequent that we actually get somewhat of a normal winter, and so far, it’s shaped up to be just that,” he said. “It’s that thing that we really want to aspire to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Significant snow years can increase flood risk as it melts into rivers and streams, but Schwartz and state officials said it is hard to tell if flooding will happen this year because of the snowpack melting. What could cause flooding is if spring heatwaves melt snow rapidly.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"David Rizzardo, manager, California Department of Water Resources hydrology section\"]‘The question now is how the snowpack translates into snowmelt and how much runoff reaches our reservoirs during the spring and summer.’[/pullquote]“The question now is how the snowpack translates into snowmelt and how much runoff reaches our reservoirs during the spring and summer,” said David Rizzardo, California Department of Water Resources hydrology section manager. “It is still possible that snowmelt runoff will be below average if we don’t see much added to the snowpack this month.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of a heatwave, Alan Rhoades, a Lawrence Berkeley National Lab atmospheric scientist, is aware that the\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/ocean-temperature-hit-record-high-february-2024-eu-scientists-say-2024-03-07/#:~:text=Ocean%20temperature%20hit%20record%20high%20in%20February%202024%2C%20EU%20scientists%20say,-By%20Gloria%20Dickie&text=LONDON%2C%20March%207%20(Reuters),(C3S)%20said%20on%20Thursday.\"> world’s oceans have experienced a year of unprecedented heat\u003c/a>. He said temperatures are way outside the normal range globally, which could impact the snowpack locally. The ocean temperature can significantly alter how much or how little rain or snow falls over the Sierra and how warm or cold the region is.[aside label='More on Climate Change' tag='climate-change']“With our snowpack, things like heat waves are something to keep in mind; they could lead to a potential ripening of the snow and an abrupt melt,” he said. “As we’re moving into a climate-changed world, we’re starting to see these heat waves start to occur more frequently in late spring and early summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The positive news is that now that the state has had two wet winters, \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/resapp/RescondMain\">its reservoir storage is above average\u003c/a>, meaning the threat of drought is virtually zero heading into the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a similar story for wildfire risk with two back-to-back wet years. UC Berkeley’s Schwartz doesn’t expect much fire danger at higher elevations because the forest is covered in thick snow, preventing brush and grasses from growing fast. The concern, he said, is primarily at lower elevations where rain has been more predominant in recent storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always a concern during an above-average year down at the lower elevations, where grasses and shrubs experience a burst of growth as the temperatures warm up and then die off in the summer heat,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The California snowpack exceeds 100% of the average for this season, with meteorologists forecasting a weekend storm to further increase its depth. At this point, climate scientists don’t see extreme flooding or fire risk this year.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1710793988,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":822},"headData":{"title":"California's 'Normal' Winter and High Snowpack Could Curb Wildfire Risk, Prevent Drought | KQED","description":"The California snowpack exceeds 100% of the average for this season, with meteorologists forecasting a weekend storm to further increase its depth. At this point, climate scientists don’t see extreme flooding or fire risk this year.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991866/californias-normal-winter-and-high-snowpack-could-curb-wildfire-risk-prevent-drought","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California snowpack is glistening white at more than 100% of the average for this time of year — and meteorologists forecast a storm this weekend could deepen it even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snowpack could grow by as much as 2 feet at the highest elevations as a typical winter-like storm passes over the Sierra Nevada as soon as Friday and lasts through Sunday, said National Weather Service Sacramento meteorologist Dakari Anderson.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘If these storms pan out, we could go from 100% of our April 1 average to potentially above that. We’re in a good spot.”","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Andrew Schwartz, lead scientist, UC Berkeley Central Sierra Snow Lab","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Water managers consider California’s snowpack as a frozen reservoir that plays a significant role in providing water to farms and cities as it slowly melts into reservoirs, rivers and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The storm won’t be like anything we saw in the last few storms,” Anderson said \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11977803/storm-barrels-down-on-sierra-as-blizzard-conditions-close-tahoe-resorts\">of weather patterns that piled as much as 12 feet of snow in parts of the Sierra\u003c/a>. “Overall, we are looking at above-normal amounts of snow across the Sierra because of what happened in February.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, California’s snowpack is \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">100% of the average for this time of year and 104% of the average of the April 1 snowpack\u003c/a>, which is the timeframe water managers look to as an indicator of potential water supply for the rest of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If these storms pan out, we could go from 100% of our April 1 average to potentially above that,” said Andrew Schwartz, lead scientist at the UC Berkeley Central Sierra Snow Lab. “We’re in a good spot.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1769708214788981173"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Even without the coming storm, California is on track to have an average snow year, which is a big deal because residents are used to bouncing back and forth between extremes: droughts, when Californians conserve water, and extremely wet years when the flood risk is highest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s infrequent that we actually get somewhat of a normal winter, and so far, it’s shaped up to be just that,” he said. “It’s that thing that we really want to aspire to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Significant snow years can increase flood risk as it melts into rivers and streams, but Schwartz and state officials said it is hard to tell if flooding will happen this year because of the snowpack melting. What could cause flooding is if spring heatwaves melt snow rapidly.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The question now is how the snowpack translates into snowmelt and how much runoff reaches our reservoirs during the spring and summer.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"David Rizzardo, manager, California Department of Water Resources hydrology section","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The question now is how the snowpack translates into snowmelt and how much runoff reaches our reservoirs during the spring and summer,” said David Rizzardo, California Department of Water Resources hydrology section manager. “It is still possible that snowmelt runoff will be below average if we don’t see much added to the snowpack this month.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of a heatwave, Alan Rhoades, a Lawrence Berkeley National Lab atmospheric scientist, is aware that the\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/ocean-temperature-hit-record-high-february-2024-eu-scientists-say-2024-03-07/#:~:text=Ocean%20temperature%20hit%20record%20high%20in%20February%202024%2C%20EU%20scientists%20say,-By%20Gloria%20Dickie&text=LONDON%2C%20March%207%20(Reuters),(C3S)%20said%20on%20Thursday.\"> world’s oceans have experienced a year of unprecedented heat\u003c/a>. He said temperatures are way outside the normal range globally, which could impact the snowpack locally. The ocean temperature can significantly alter how much or how little rain or snow falls over the Sierra and how warm or cold the region is.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on Climate Change ","tag":"climate-change"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“With our snowpack, things like heat waves are something to keep in mind; they could lead to a potential ripening of the snow and an abrupt melt,” he said. “As we’re moving into a climate-changed world, we’re starting to see these heat waves start to occur more frequently in late spring and early summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The positive news is that now that the state has had two wet winters, \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/resapp/RescondMain\">its reservoir storage is above average\u003c/a>, meaning the threat of drought is virtually zero heading into the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a similar story for wildfire risk with two back-to-back wet years. UC Berkeley’s Schwartz doesn’t expect much fire danger at higher elevations because the forest is covered in thick snow, preventing brush and grasses from growing fast. The concern, he said, is primarily at lower elevations where rain has been more predominant in recent storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always a concern during an above-average year down at the lower elevations, where grasses and shrubs experience a burst of growth as the temperatures warm up and then die off in the summer heat,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991866/californias-normal-winter-and-high-snowpack-could-curb-wildfire-risk-prevent-drought","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_5178","science_1622","science_4877","science_194","science_4417","science_4414","science_1462","science_365","science_1498"],"featImg":"science_1991868","label":"science"},"science_1991828":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991828","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1991828","score":null,"sort":[1710362252000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-area-researchers-find-oil-and-gas-companies-methane-output-surpasses-epa-reports","title":"Bay Area Researchers Find Oil and Gas Companies’ Methane Output Surpasses EPA Reports","publishDate":1710362252,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Researchers Find Oil and Gas Companies’ Methane Output Surpasses EPA Reports | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The oil and gas industry may be emitting about three times the amount of climate-warming methane as government estimates show, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07117-5\">new study in Nature\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is the main component of natural gas, and it is also produced when extracting crude oil. Methane is among the greenhouse gasses heating the planet, \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/video/whats-deal-methane#:~:text=Due%20to%20its%20structure%2C%20methane,years%20after%20it%20is%20released.\">and it is 80 times more potent than carbon dioxide.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s researchers used airplanes to gather 986,238 measurements of methane emissions from six domestic oil and gas production areas. The data include about half the country’s onshore oil production and 29% of natural gas production. Then, researchers combined that aerial data with information from sites on the ground, including wells, compressor stations, gas processing plants and pipelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers, from Stanford University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and other organizations, estimate that an average of 2.95% of gas the industry produces leaks into the air as methane. The authors said that’s nearly three times EPA estimates of 1.01%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specific measurements varied from a low of less than 1%, or about what the Environmental Protection Agency estimates, at a site in Pennsylvania to a high of nearly 10% in New Mexico. Researchers found the higher percentages of methane released generally had something in common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are places where production is mostly focusing on oil,” said Evan Sherwin, a research scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory who conducted the research as a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University. But oil and gas often come out of the ground together, and if there wasn’t a way to transport the less-valuable gas to where it could be sold, leaks were higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Pennsylvania, by contrast, drillers are focused on producing natural gas, and very little of the methane is wasted there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That complicates an argument many in the industry have made, generally in opposition to tighter government regulations on methane.\u003ca href=\"https://www.ipaa.org/methane/\"> They say drillers have an incentive to capture gas leaks\u003c/a> so they can sell the fossil fuel. But that’s not always possible if the industry hasn’t built the pipelines and other infrastructure to get the gas to consumers. In this study, researchers estimate the industry releases about 6.2 million tons of methane a year, valued at $1.08 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings echo \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2215275120\">other studies\u003c/a> that also conclude the EPA’s estimates are too low. Getting accurate measurements is important because the U.S. is among the countries pledging to cut methane pollution as one of its key climate goals. To achieve that, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/02/1216401828/epa-aims-to-slash-the-oil-industrys-climate-warming-methane-pollution\">EPA issued rules\u003c/a> for slashing the industry’s methane emissions in December. Those rules \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/texas-challenges-us-epa-limits-oil-gas-industry-methane-emissions-2024-03-09/\">now face a legal challenge\u003c/a> from Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane from human activities is responsible for \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/methane-emissions-are-driving-climate-change-heres-how-reduce-them\">about a third of the rise in global temperatures\u003c/a> since the start of the Industrial Revolution. The oil industry is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases#methane\">second-largest source of human-caused methane\u003c/a> after agriculture. While \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases#methane\">U.S. methane emissions have generally declined in recent decades\u003c/a>, the world is not on track to meet its goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (about 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While governments and the industry have routinely undercounted methane emissions, that may be changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the COP28 climate summit in Dubai last year, more countries joined the \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalmethanepledge.org/news/highlights-2023-global-methane-pledge-ministerial\">U.S. and European Union-led Global Methane Pledge\u003c/a> to cut emissions by at least 30% from 2020 levels by 2030. More than 155 countries have signed the pledge, representing nearly half the world’s human-caused methane emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the ability to measure methane pollution is improving rapidly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s night and day, even compared to five or six years ago,” Sherwin said. In the past, collecting data was done mostly on the ground and was labor intensive. But now, he said, airplanes and satellites are able to gather much more information in a shorter amount of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/03/05/1235694992/a-new-satellite-will-track-climate-warming-pollution-heres-why-thats-a-big-deal\">Earlier this month,\u003c/a> the Environmental Defense Fund led the launch of \u003ca href=\"https://www.methanesat.org/\">MethaneSAT\u003c/a>, which will circle the Earth 15 times a day, looking for methane from the oil and gas industry. It joins other projects, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-mission-excels-at-spotting-greenhouse-gas-emission-sources\">one from NASA\u003c/a>, that give researchers and the public a better understanding of the extent of the methane pollution problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Emissions of methane from fossil fuel operations remain unacceptably high,” said Tim Gould, chief economist at the International Energy Agency, during a Tuesday call with reporters. The organization’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2024\">Global Methane Tracker\u003c/a> shows methane from the energy sector was near the record high level in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite that, the IEA concludes that if countries fully implement existing pledges on methane reductions, that would make significant progress toward achieving global climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“2024 could mark a turning point, and policies are starting to be put into place. Greater transparency is coming. Awareness is spreading, and we have enhanced ability to track large leaks and act quickly to shut them down,” Gould said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould said he hopes to have good news to share, about a \u003cem>reduction \u003c/em>in methane emissions, next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Oil+and+gas+companies+emit+more+climate-warming+methane+than+EPA+reports&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Oil and gas drillers are releasing more climate-warming methane than the government estimates, a new study shows. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1710362252,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":861},"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Researchers Find Oil and Gas Companies’ Methane Output Surpasses EPA Reports | KQED","description":"Oil and gas drillers are releasing more climate-warming methane than the government estimates, a new study shows. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"David Goldman","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/4127076/jeff-brady\">Jeff Brady\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"1237962030","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1237962030&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2024/03/13/1237962030/climate-emissions-methane?ft=nprml&f=1237962030","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 13 Mar 2024 13:09:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 13 Mar 2024 12:02:28 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 13 Mar 2024 13:09:17 -0400","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991828/bay-area-researchers-find-oil-and-gas-companies-methane-output-surpasses-epa-reports","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The oil and gas industry may be emitting about three times the amount of climate-warming methane as government estimates show, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07117-5\">new study in Nature\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is the main component of natural gas, and it is also produced when extracting crude oil. Methane is among the greenhouse gasses heating the planet, \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/video/whats-deal-methane#:~:text=Due%20to%20its%20structure%2C%20methane,years%20after%20it%20is%20released.\">and it is 80 times more potent than carbon dioxide.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s researchers used airplanes to gather 986,238 measurements of methane emissions from six domestic oil and gas production areas. The data include about half the country’s onshore oil production and 29% of natural gas production. Then, researchers combined that aerial data with information from sites on the ground, including wells, compressor stations, gas processing plants and pipelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers, from Stanford University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and other organizations, estimate that an average of 2.95% of gas the industry produces leaks into the air as methane. The authors said that’s nearly three times EPA estimates of 1.01%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specific measurements varied from a low of less than 1%, or about what the Environmental Protection Agency estimates, at a site in Pennsylvania to a high of nearly 10% in New Mexico. Researchers found the higher percentages of methane released generally had something in common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are places where production is mostly focusing on oil,” said Evan Sherwin, a research scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory who conducted the research as a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University. But oil and gas often come out of the ground together, and if there wasn’t a way to transport the less-valuable gas to where it could be sold, leaks were higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Pennsylvania, by contrast, drillers are focused on producing natural gas, and very little of the methane is wasted there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That complicates an argument many in the industry have made, generally in opposition to tighter government regulations on methane.\u003ca href=\"https://www.ipaa.org/methane/\"> They say drillers have an incentive to capture gas leaks\u003c/a> so they can sell the fossil fuel. But that’s not always possible if the industry hasn’t built the pipelines and other infrastructure to get the gas to consumers. In this study, researchers estimate the industry releases about 6.2 million tons of methane a year, valued at $1.08 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings echo \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2215275120\">other studies\u003c/a> that also conclude the EPA’s estimates are too low. Getting accurate measurements is important because the U.S. is among the countries pledging to cut methane pollution as one of its key climate goals. To achieve that, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/02/1216401828/epa-aims-to-slash-the-oil-industrys-climate-warming-methane-pollution\">EPA issued rules\u003c/a> for slashing the industry’s methane emissions in December. Those rules \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/texas-challenges-us-epa-limits-oil-gas-industry-methane-emissions-2024-03-09/\">now face a legal challenge\u003c/a> from Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane from human activities is responsible for \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/methane-emissions-are-driving-climate-change-heres-how-reduce-them\">about a third of the rise in global temperatures\u003c/a> since the start of the Industrial Revolution. The oil industry is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases#methane\">second-largest source of human-caused methane\u003c/a> after agriculture. While \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases#methane\">U.S. methane emissions have generally declined in recent decades\u003c/a>, the world is not on track to meet its goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (about 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While governments and the industry have routinely undercounted methane emissions, that may be changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the COP28 climate summit in Dubai last year, more countries joined the \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalmethanepledge.org/news/highlights-2023-global-methane-pledge-ministerial\">U.S. and European Union-led Global Methane Pledge\u003c/a> to cut emissions by at least 30% from 2020 levels by 2030. More than 155 countries have signed the pledge, representing nearly half the world’s human-caused methane emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the ability to measure methane pollution is improving rapidly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s night and day, even compared to five or six years ago,” Sherwin said. In the past, collecting data was done mostly on the ground and was labor intensive. But now, he said, airplanes and satellites are able to gather much more information in a shorter amount of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/03/05/1235694992/a-new-satellite-will-track-climate-warming-pollution-heres-why-thats-a-big-deal\">Earlier this month,\u003c/a> the Environmental Defense Fund led the launch of \u003ca href=\"https://www.methanesat.org/\">MethaneSAT\u003c/a>, which will circle the Earth 15 times a day, looking for methane from the oil and gas industry. It joins other projects, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-mission-excels-at-spotting-greenhouse-gas-emission-sources\">one from NASA\u003c/a>, that give researchers and the public a better understanding of the extent of the methane pollution problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Emissions of methane from fossil fuel operations remain unacceptably high,” said Tim Gould, chief economist at the International Energy Agency, during a Tuesday call with reporters. The organization’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2024\">Global Methane Tracker\u003c/a> shows methane from the energy sector was near the record high level in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite that, the IEA concludes that if countries fully implement existing pledges on methane reductions, that would make significant progress toward achieving global climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“2024 could mark a turning point, and policies are starting to be put into place. Greater transparency is coming. Awareness is spreading, and we have enhanced ability to track large leaks and act quickly to shut them down,” Gould said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould said he hopes to have good news to share, about a \u003cem>reduction \u003c/em>in methane emissions, next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Oil+and+gas+companies+emit+more+climate-warming+methane+than+EPA+reports&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991828/bay-area-researchers-find-oil-and-gas-companies-methane-output-surpasses-epa-reports","authors":["byline_science_1991828"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_194","science_2080","science_784"],"featImg":"science_1991829","label":"source_science_1991828"},"science_1991819":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991819","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1991819","score":null,"sort":[1710241250000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"kqed-launches-a-climate-book-club-come-read-with-us","title":"Come Read With Us Bay Area! KQED Launches a Climate Book Club","publishDate":1710241250,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Come Read With Us Bay Area! KQED Launches a Climate Book Club | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>I’m concerned about how our climate is changing. My son is not growing up on the planet of my childhood. As a science reporter, I’ve covered climate-related issues for over a decade. Yet, there is still so much more for me to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why I’m launching a climate book club with KQED Science and Forum, our flagship morning call-in show. I want a refresher on the basics of climate change, where the most promising solutions lie, and how we can work to make the future better. And I want people to talk with. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Katharine Hayhoe, author, Saving Us: A Climate Scientist's Case for Hope\"]‘But we can’t give in to despair. We have to go out and actively look for the hope that we need, that will inspire us to act. And that hope begins with a conversation today.’[/pullquote] Katharine Hayhoe, author of \u003cem>Saving Us: A Climate Scientist’s Case for Hope\u003c/em>, said about climate change, “The number one thing we can do is the exact thing that we’re not doing: talk about it.” There are so many smart, well-researched climate books that I know will be interesting and impactful. Yet I haven’t read them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Can you relate?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find support, accountability and people to talk to in our book club. Will you join us?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who is behind it?\u003c/strong> Danielle Venton, science reporter, and Francesca Fenzi, Forum digital community producer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991816\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991816\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240311-FENZI-VENTON-DIPTYCH-MD-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240311-FENZI-VENTON-DIPTYCH-MD-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240311-FENZI-VENTON-DIPTYCH-MD-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240311-FENZI-VENTON-DIPTYCH-MD-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240311-FENZI-VENTON-DIPTYCH-MD-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240311-FENZI-VENTON-DIPTYCH-MD-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240311-FENZI-VENTON-DIPTYCH-MD-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240311-FENZI-VENTON-DIPTYCH-MD-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Francesca Fenzi and Danielle Venton\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is it?\u003c/strong> We’ll read a climate book every few months throughout 2024. You can join an online discussion group via \u003ca href=\"https://discord.gg/kqedforum\">Forum’s community on Discord\u003c/a>. (If you are new to the social media platform, read step-by-step instructions at \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/forum\">kqed.org/forum\u003c/a>.) Then join us for a live discussion, sometimes with the book author or with journalists and climate experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where and when is it?\u003c/strong> We’ll post discussion topics on Discord for our first book starting March 18, with new topics every week. On May 8, we’ll have our first live conversation about the book with KQED climate reporter Laura Klivans. (More details about that will be posted at \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/live\">KQED.org/live\u003c/a> in the coming weeks.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Which book? \u003c/strong>We’re starting with \u003cem>Not the End of the World: How We Can Be the First Generation To Build a Sustainable Planet \u003c/em>by Hannah Ritchie. This book is “for anyone who finds it difficult to believe in a better future,” the \u003cem>Times of London\u003c/em> review said. Ritchie is a data scientist and researcher at Oxford University. Her goal is to convince her readers that there’s a lot the average person can do to make sure the planet our children inherit is healthier than the one we were born into. Grab your copy now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who is it for? \u003c/strong>People who want a better climate future and need a little hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Join KQED's new climate-focused book club in partnership with KQED Science and Forum for a look into the fundamentals of climate change. Together, let's uncover the most promising solutions and collaborate on crafting a better future. Will you be a part of the conversation?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1710286337,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":509},"headData":{"title":"Come Read With Us Bay Area! KQED Launches a Climate Book Club | KQED","description":"Join KQED's new climate-focused book club in partnership with KQED Science and Forum for a look into the fundamentals of climate change. Together, let's uncover the most promising solutions and collaborate on crafting a better future. Will you be a part of the conversation?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991819/kqed-launches-a-climate-book-club-come-read-with-us","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I’m concerned about how our climate is changing. My son is not growing up on the planet of my childhood. As a science reporter, I’ve covered climate-related issues for over a decade. Yet, there is still so much more for me to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why I’m launching a climate book club with KQED Science and Forum, our flagship morning call-in show. I want a refresher on the basics of climate change, where the most promising solutions lie, and how we can work to make the future better. And I want people to talk with. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘But we can’t give in to despair. We have to go out and actively look for the hope that we need, that will inspire us to act. And that hope begins with a conversation today.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Katharine Hayhoe, author, Saving Us: A Climate Scientist's Case for Hope","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Katharine Hayhoe, author of \u003cem>Saving Us: A Climate Scientist’s Case for Hope\u003c/em>, said about climate change, “The number one thing we can do is the exact thing that we’re not doing: talk about it.” There are so many smart, well-researched climate books that I know will be interesting and impactful. Yet I haven’t read them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Can you relate?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find support, accountability and people to talk to in our book club. Will you join us?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who is behind it?\u003c/strong> Danielle Venton, science reporter, and Francesca Fenzi, Forum digital community producer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991816\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991816\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240311-FENZI-VENTON-DIPTYCH-MD-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240311-FENZI-VENTON-DIPTYCH-MD-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240311-FENZI-VENTON-DIPTYCH-MD-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240311-FENZI-VENTON-DIPTYCH-MD-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240311-FENZI-VENTON-DIPTYCH-MD-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240311-FENZI-VENTON-DIPTYCH-MD-KQED-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240311-FENZI-VENTON-DIPTYCH-MD-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240311-FENZI-VENTON-DIPTYCH-MD-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Francesca Fenzi and Danielle Venton\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is it?\u003c/strong> We’ll read a climate book every few months throughout 2024. You can join an online discussion group via \u003ca href=\"https://discord.gg/kqedforum\">Forum’s community on Discord\u003c/a>. (If you are new to the social media platform, read step-by-step instructions at \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/forum\">kqed.org/forum\u003c/a>.) Then join us for a live discussion, sometimes with the book author or with journalists and climate experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where and when is it?\u003c/strong> We’ll post discussion topics on Discord for our first book starting March 18, with new topics every week. On May 8, we’ll have our first live conversation about the book with KQED climate reporter Laura Klivans. (More details about that will be posted at \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/live\">KQED.org/live\u003c/a> in the coming weeks.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Which book? \u003c/strong>We’re starting with \u003cem>Not the End of the World: How We Can Be the First Generation To Build a Sustainable Planet \u003c/em>by Hannah Ritchie. This book is “for anyone who finds it difficult to believe in a better future,” the \u003cem>Times of London\u003c/em> review said. Ritchie is a data scientist and researcher at Oxford University. Her goal is to convince her readers that there’s a lot the average person can do to make sure the planet our children inherit is healthier than the one we were born into. Grab your copy now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who is it for? \u003c/strong>People who want a better climate future and need a little hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991819/kqed-launches-a-climate-book-club-come-read-with-us","authors":["11088"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_194","science_192","science_4414","science_2695"],"featImg":"science_1991821","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. 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And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/07/commonwealthclub.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Consider-This_3000_V3-copy-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/06/forum-logo-900x900tile-1.gif","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/mindshift2021-tile-3000x3000-1-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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