San Francisco's Aging Infrastructure Isn't Ready for Its Wetter Future
Facing Drought, Wildfires, Scorching Heat, Bay Area Wineries Are Changing How They Grow Grapes
¿Qué puede hacer el Área de la Bahía ante el aumento del nivel del mar? El Este de Palo Alto ya está proponiendo algunas soluciones
Oh, Snap! Hear the Big Noise Tiny Shrimp Make in the Ocean
Century-Old Records Show Bird Species Have Seriously Declined in a Hotter Mojave Desert
Californians Must Change Thinking to Meet Challenge of Rising Seas, Says Author
IPCC: Climate Change Is Taking a Toll in California and It's Going to Get Worse
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You can email him at: parcuni@kqed.org","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"peterarcuni","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Peter Arcuni | KQED","description":"Reporter","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d5032f6f27199d478af34ad2e1d98732?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/parcuni"},"kevinstark":{"type":"authors","id":"11608","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11608","found":true},"name":"Kevin Stark","firstName":"Kevin","lastName":"Stark","slug":"kevinstark","email":"kstark@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["science"],"title":"Senior Editor","bio":"Kevin is a senior editor for KQED Science, managing the station's health and climate desks. His journalism career began in the Pacific Northwest, and he later became a lead reporter for the San Francisco Public Press. His work has appeared in Pacific Standard magazine, the Energy News Network, the Center for Investigative Reporting's Reveal and WBEZ in Chicago. Kevin joined KQED in 2019, and has covered issues related to energy, wildfire, climate change and the environment.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"starkkev","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["administrator"]}],"headData":{"title":"Kevin Stark | KQED","description":"Senior Editor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/kevinstark"},"aremmel":{"type":"authors","id":"11653","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11653","found":true},"name":"Ariana Remmel","firstName":"Ariana","lastName":"Remmel","slug":"aremmel","email":"aremmel@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":null,"avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/88d31419d97c3f81993d2d8db8608039?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ariana Remmel | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/88d31419d97c3f81993d2d8db8608039?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/88d31419d97c3f81993d2d8db8608039?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/aremmel"},"eromero":{"type":"authors","id":"11746","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11746","found":true},"name":"Ezra David Romero","firstName":"Ezra David","lastName":"Romero","slug":"eromero","email":"eromero@kqed.org","display_author_email":true,"staff_mastheads":["news","science"],"title":"Climate Reporter","bio":"Ezra David Romero is a climate reporter for KQED News. He covers the absence and excess of water in the Bay Area — think sea level rise, flooding and drought. For nearly a decade he’s covered how warming temperatures are altering the lives of Californians. He’s reported on farmers worried their pistachio trees aren’t getting enough sleep, families desperate for water, scientists studying dying giant sequoias, and alongside firefighters containing wildfires. His work has appeared on local stations across California and nationally on public radio shows like Morning Edition, Here and Now, All Things Considered and Science Friday. ","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9c15bb8bab267e058708a9eeaeef16bf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"ezraromero","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Ezra David Romero | KQED","description":"Climate 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FM","link":"/"}},"science_1983299":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1983299","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1983299","score":null,"sort":[1688851437000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"san-franciscos-aging-infrastructure-isnt-ready-for-its-wetter-future","title":"San Francisco's Aging Infrastructure Isn't Ready for Its Wetter Future","publishDate":1688851437,"format":"standard","headTitle":"San Francisco’s Aging Infrastructure Isn’t Ready for Its Wetter Future | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>San Francisco’s future looks a whole lot wetter, thanks in part to human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s according to a new city-funded study that predicts that San Francisco will be hit by\u003ca href=\"https://sfpuc.org/about-us/reports/san-francisco-bay-area-precipitation-warmer-world\"> increasingly intense storms in the coming decades\u003c/a>, and needs to dramatically update its stormwater infrastructure to try to handle the deluge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re gonna see more areas that flood that have never flooded before,” said Kris May, founder of the Pathways Climate Institute, a San Francisco-based consulting firm, who helped lead the study. “I don’t think we have nomenclature anymore for what is coming with climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, which was released weeks after KQED filed a public records request about it, predicts that storms in San Francisco, and throughout the Bay Area, could become 37% wetter by the end of this century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our infrastructure is not designed for these big storms, and we’re never going to really be able to design it to handle them,” said May, noting that the study stops short of recommending how the city should adapt its sewer system and water-related infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know how to solve this yet and that’s what’s scary for most of the folks I’ve been working with,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While San Francisco has its own unique challenges, May added, it’s among scores of coastal cities that are now being forced to address storm-related threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think any city is really in the shape to prepare for the storms that are coming,” May said. “It’s just going to be a big change that the country as a whole has to deal with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"more on climate adaptation\" tag=\"climate-change-adaptation\"]Unlike typical climate studies that cover larger geographic areas, this report focuses on only 3 kilometers (just under 2 miles), in an effort to identify which parts of the city are most vulnerable to flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It enables us to look at extreme weather in ways we hadn’t before,” said study co-author Michael Wehner, a senior scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. “If you use the old techniques, you’re underestimating how bad the future is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For San Francisco, that future periodically brings the heightened risk of intense flooding in a city with aging infrastructure that’s bordered by water on three sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public needs to know that dangerous climate change is already here,” he said, pointing to the intense atmospheric river storms that battered the city earlier this year. “This is not our grandchildren’s problem or our children’s problem. It’s ours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to overall wetter conditions, the study predicts increasingly intense bursts of heavy rain during storms — up to two-thirds wetter by the end of the century — the type of brief torrents that can easily overwhelm sewer systems, swamp cars and cause significant property damage and even loss of life, said Michael Mak, a Pathways water resources engineer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco got a preview of that this winter, when massive amounts of rainfall in short periods left thousands without power, turned roads into rivers and downed scores of trees across the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the city does not adapt, “we’re going to see more events like we saw over the past few months, except it might be much more frequent than once every few decades and might be every other year, or it might be multiple times a season,” said Mak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Mak, San Francisco’s sewer system and flood infrastructure, designed to clean and push water out to the bay during storms, simply don’t have the capacity to handle the extreme influxes of water that are expected to become more frequent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At first, it was like, ‘Wow, OK, these extreme storms are going to be much more extreme than what we’ve seen,’” said Brian Strong, San Francisco’s chief resilience officer. “Then this past year, we’ve seen some of that come true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strong, whose office helped commission the study, recognizes there are limits to how San Francisco can physically adapt its infrastructure to deal with substantially more rainfall. But he hopes the study will help guide future development decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t build streets without thinking about where the water is going to go,” he said. “We can’t completely engineer our way out of all of these things. So, we will have to work together and figure out how to do a better job capturing water and reducing runoff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New infrastructure, Strong said, can only help so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t make sense to keep building a bigger pipe if, ultimately, it’s still not going to be big enough,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The city will be hit by increasingly intense storms in the coming decades and needs to dramatically update its stormwater infrastructure to handle the deluge, according to a new city-funded report.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845967,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":852},"headData":{"title":"San Francisco's Aging Infrastructure Isn't Ready for Its Wetter Future | KQED","description":"The city will be hit by increasingly intense storms in the coming decades and needs to dramatically update its stormwater infrastructure to handle the deluge, according to a new city-funded report.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1983299/san-franciscos-aging-infrastructure-isnt-ready-for-its-wetter-future","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco’s future looks a whole lot wetter, thanks in part to human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s according to a new city-funded study that predicts that San Francisco will be hit by\u003ca href=\"https://sfpuc.org/about-us/reports/san-francisco-bay-area-precipitation-warmer-world\"> increasingly intense storms in the coming decades\u003c/a>, and needs to dramatically update its stormwater infrastructure to try to handle the deluge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re gonna see more areas that flood that have never flooded before,” said Kris May, founder of the Pathways Climate Institute, a San Francisco-based consulting firm, who helped lead the study. “I don’t think we have nomenclature anymore for what is coming with climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, which was released weeks after KQED filed a public records request about it, predicts that storms in San Francisco, and throughout the Bay Area, could become 37% wetter by the end of this century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our infrastructure is not designed for these big storms, and we’re never going to really be able to design it to handle them,” said May, noting that the study stops short of recommending how the city should adapt its sewer system and water-related infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know how to solve this yet and that’s what’s scary for most of the folks I’ve been working with,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While San Francisco has its own unique challenges, May added, it’s among scores of coastal cities that are now being forced to address storm-related threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think any city is really in the shape to prepare for the storms that are coming,” May said. “It’s just going to be a big change that the country as a whole has to deal with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"more on climate adaptation ","tag":"climate-change-adaptation"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Unlike typical climate studies that cover larger geographic areas, this report focuses on only 3 kilometers (just under 2 miles), in an effort to identify which parts of the city are most vulnerable to flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It enables us to look at extreme weather in ways we hadn’t before,” said study co-author Michael Wehner, a senior scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. “If you use the old techniques, you’re underestimating how bad the future is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For San Francisco, that future periodically brings the heightened risk of intense flooding in a city with aging infrastructure that’s bordered by water on three sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public needs to know that dangerous climate change is already here,” he said, pointing to the intense atmospheric river storms that battered the city earlier this year. “This is not our grandchildren’s problem or our children’s problem. It’s ours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to overall wetter conditions, the study predicts increasingly intense bursts of heavy rain during storms — up to two-thirds wetter by the end of the century — the type of brief torrents that can easily overwhelm sewer systems, swamp cars and cause significant property damage and even loss of life, said Michael Mak, a Pathways water resources engineer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco got a preview of that this winter, when massive amounts of rainfall in short periods left thousands without power, turned roads into rivers and downed scores of trees across the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the city does not adapt, “we’re going to see more events like we saw over the past few months, except it might be much more frequent than once every few decades and might be every other year, or it might be multiple times a season,” said Mak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Mak, San Francisco’s sewer system and flood infrastructure, designed to clean and push water out to the bay during storms, simply don’t have the capacity to handle the extreme influxes of water that are expected to become more frequent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At first, it was like, ‘Wow, OK, these extreme storms are going to be much more extreme than what we’ve seen,’” said Brian Strong, San Francisco’s chief resilience officer. “Then this past year, we’ve seen some of that come true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strong, whose office helped commission the study, recognizes there are limits to how San Francisco can physically adapt its infrastructure to deal with substantially more rainfall. But he hopes the study will help guide future development decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t build streets without thinking about where the water is going to go,” he said. “We can’t completely engineer our way out of all of these things. So, we will have to work together and figure out how to do a better job capturing water and reducing runoff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New infrastructure, Strong said, can only help so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t make sense to keep building a bigger pipe if, ultimately, it’s still not going to be big enough,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1983299/san-franciscos-aging-infrastructure-isnt-ready-for-its-wetter-future","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_194","science_1461","science_4414","science_2114","science_271","science_813","science_5183"],"featImg":"science_1983305","label":"science"},"science_1976952":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1976952","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1976952","score":null,"sort":[1633017644000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"facing-drought-wildfires-scorching-heat-bay-area-wineries-are-changing-how-they-grow-grapes","title":"Facing Drought, Wildfires, Scorching Heat, Bay Area Wineries Are Changing How They Grow Grapes","publishDate":1633017644,"format":"image","headTitle":"Facing Drought, Wildfires, Scorching Heat, Bay Area Wineries Are Changing How They Grow Grapes | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen above for a KQED podcast episode of this story created by The Bay team.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a foggy September morning farmworkers harvest plump, dark purple grapes at \u003ca href=\"https://hamelfamilywines.com/\">Hamel Family Wines\u003c/a> in Sonoma County. But winemaker John Hamel II recognizes these Cabernet Sauvignon grapes are very different from others grown in Sonoma and Napa counties. The green vines are flourishing mostly without direct watering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These vines haven’t received a drop of water since 2017,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamel stopped watering 80% of his vines after realizing that’s what some growers do in places like France. The method is called dry farming, and uses little to no water to irrigate vineyards. The result is grapes with thicker skins and tastier wine, says Hamel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This season will be slightly lower in yield, but we actually feel like this has potential to be a very good vintage,” he said of this year’s harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is in a second year of drought and for many North Bay grape growers, the hot, dry conditions mean lost crops. In 2020 some growers lost 20% or more of their crops because of dry conditions, fires, or smoke tainting the flavor of their grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the climate warms, winemakers and grape growers are changing the direction they grow vines, picking earlier, covering crops with shade cloth, and adapting in other ways. Others have invested in solar panels, electric vehicles, and climate action plans. Some, like Hamel, have shifted to dry farming and are using a lot less water or none at all. At least one Bay Area winery is using “sunscreen” on grape leaves to protect harvests from excessive heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rethinking growing practices is critical, Hamel says, because back-to-back dry years are more frequent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now every year is warm and dry,” he said. “I think it’s good to realize that you’re never fully in control, and being able to adapt to the best of your ability is the job. It’s humbling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976969\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1976969\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The only water these grape vines received since 2017 was from fog and rain.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eighty percent of the vines at Hamel Family Wines have not received any irrigation this year. That number has grown from 20% in 2017. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All growers are feeling pressure from drought, fire and heat, but do warming temperatures pose an existential threat to wine?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353907512_Global_warming_and_wine_quality_are_we_close_to_the_tipping_point\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> released this summer by \u003ca href=\"https://wineserver.ucdavis.edu/people/kaan-kurtural#/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kaan Kurtural\u003c/a>, a UC Davis viticulture specialist, found that California’s wine industry is “not at a tipping point” because of climate change or its effects — although heat waves and fires can have an immediate impact on winemaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell the growers, their grapevines are not going to die,” he said. “They might not be economical to grow for one or two years, but they always come back. There are very resilient plants. So we’re able to adapt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also found that the climate has warmed steadily in California since the 1980s. But he says this has not been bad for the industry — a warmer climate helped establish the state as a premier wine growing region globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As it became warmer we started harvesting sweeter grapes, and with sweeter grapes, the wine ratings have steadily increased,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5689930505&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the negative impacts of climate change, Kurtural says the state’s $40 billion wine market is strong and growers will adapt to make sure it stays that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are growing grapes at the lowest costs for the grossest profit,” he said. “As long as growers are making money, they will keep them because it’s a business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Dry farming through a drought\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Dry farming in California is not a widely used tactic — it’s just one way some growers like Hamel are acclimating to a warming world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just turning off the water and hoping for the best,” Hamel said. “Even in a year where we received less than half of normal rainfall with a hot summer the vines are doing well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamel began dry farming before the current drought, and he’s glad he did. The roots of his vines had years to acclimate, growing deeper and finding underground sources of water. As a result, they are now well-prepared for dry times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the first year where we’ve really had a payback,” he said. “The vines have been trained to deal with a drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamel says he saved 2 million gallons of water last year and plans to eventually dry farm almost the entirety of his 100 acres in the coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976958\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976958 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Hamel Family Wines doesn't use any water on 80% of it's 100 acres.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For John Hamel II, dry farming is about preserving a future for Hamel Family Wines as droughts worsen because of climate change. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“[We’re] essentially training the vine to endure more drought each season,” he said. “The drought doesn’t make things easier by any means. We really are on the razor’s edge all season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drought is not new in California. But Hamel says the pendulum swings between wet and dry years have been more radical in recent years. “We have high rainfall years, close to double the amount of average rain, or we have almost half of the normal rainfall and it’s super difficult to get through an entire season,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"climate-change\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.712622/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> by Kurtural, the UC Davis viticulture specialist, found growers can use half of the water they normally use without compromising the taste or color of wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But dry farming isn’t a viable option for all wine grape growers, said Connor Bockman with \u003ca href=\"https://rdwinery.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RD Winery\u003c/a>, Napa’s first Vietnamese-owned winery. The growers use drip irrigation to limit water use and utilize a practice called deficit irrigation where vines are only given water when they reach a certain level of stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says switching from irrigation to dry farming takes time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In comparison to other crops — orchards, annual field crops, and others — high-quality wine grapes use a relatively small amount of water,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RD Winery had less fruit on the vine this year. Exactly how much of that is caused by drought is “hard to say,” Bockman said, but their harvest is “40% to 50% under expected yield.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he says, the grapes are of both “great quality and concentration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Impacts of wildfire smoke\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976959\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976959 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A fire circled two vineyards at Green and Red Vineyards in Napa County the summer of 2020.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lightning-sparked fire burned right up to some of the vines at Green and Red Vineyards in 2020. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some winemakers are already feeling the pain that comes with the short-term effects of climate change. Smoke from wildfires, made worse by drought and heat waves, can sully whole harvests with a fumy aroma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, a series of lightning-sparked fire, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2020/8/17/lnu-lightning-complex-includes-hennessey-gamble-15-10-spanish-markley-13-4-11-16-walbridge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LNU Lightning Complex,\u003c/a> consumed 363,000 acres and burned just feet from \u003ca href=\"https://greenandred.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Green and Red Vineyards\u003c/a> in the hills of Napa County. Winery owner Tobin Heminway says most of the 31-acre vineyard acted as a fire break, but the wildfire did burn a few of the vines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were evacuated, and it came up and almost burnt our house down, which is up above on the property, and the fire circled two of our vineyards,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vines survived, but smoke tainted their grapes and they lost all of their reds. This year they picked a few weeks early, after heat waves ripened their grapes sooner than expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had these radical growth spurts in the beginning of the season,” she said. “[The grapes] ripened earlier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the yield is smaller this year, but the grapes are “good quality” and “intense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976960\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976960 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The winemakers tour the vineyard in a jeep showcasing how the fire surrounded the vineyard.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For Green and Red Vineyard operators Tobin Heminway and Raymond Hannigan, the winery is more than grapes and vines. It represents family legacy. Jay Heminway, Tobin’s father, founded the winery and passed away two years ago. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Heminway took over the winery in 2019 after her father, Jay Heminway, passed away. Since then, she’s experienced one climate impact after another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an emotionally crazy time to live,” she said. “How do we survive and live in this environment, which is becoming less and less friendly?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heminway has considered foregoing the Zinfandel vines her father planted in the early 1970s for a different varietal. But every time she walks through the vineyard, she thinks about her dad, and removing the vineyard is too closely tied to the legacy he planted and grew. With drought, fires and heat waves continuing to stress her winemaking, she’s aware that climate change is also jeopardizing her family history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all questioning what we are doing here,” she said. “Do we have any control? In farming, we’re dependent on Mother Nature and Mother Nature is pissed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using grape leaf “sunscreen” for heat waves\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976965\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976965 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-800x300.jpg\" alt=\"A wine grape grower in Napa County uses a clay spray on grape leaves to protect grapes from the hot temperatures. The liquid clay acts like sunscreen for the leaves lowering the temperature.\" width=\"800\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-800x300.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-1020x382.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-160x60.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-768x288.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE.jpg 1366w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Winemakers at Green and Red Vineyard in Napa County use a clay spray on grape leaves to protect grapes from hot temperatures. The liquid clay acts like sunscreen for the leaves, lowering the temperature. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wildfires and drought aren’t the only climate effects pressuring vines at Green and Red Vineyards. Scorching heat waves earlier this summer singed the leaves, exposing grapes to the scorching sun. For Aaron Whitlatch, the vineyard’s winemaker, losing another crop wasn’t an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I liken it to being a chef that doesn’t get to complete their meal,” he said. “They spent all day chopping things and preparing it, and then you just don’t get to put it out on the plate for people to enjoy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect the grapes from turning into raisins on the vine, Whitlatch turned to a human idea: sunscreen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s actually sunscreen for the leaves, not so much for the grapes themselves,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solution, borrowed from wineries in Australia, was already being used at a few other Northern California wineries. He tried it on his Petite Sirah vineyard, which is heavily exposed to sun on a hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He sprayed the leaves with white organic liquid clay, which after it has dried, coats them in a cooling white powder and prevents shriveling or turning, ensuring the grapes are shielded from high heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Whitlatch says heat waves and drought this year will likely cut the total yield in half and he’s aware that future harvests remain in jeopardy as the climate emergency continues to worsen globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: A previous version of this story misidentified Connor Bockman.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"California is in a second year of drought and for many North Bay grape growers, the hot, dry conditions mean lost crops.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846416,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":51,"wordCount":1835},"headData":{"title":"Facing Drought, Wildfires, Scorching Heat, Bay Area Wineries Are Changing How They Grow Grapes | KQED","description":"California is in a second year of drought and for many North Bay grape growers, the hot, dry conditions mean lost crops.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Water","audioUrl":"https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/traffic.megaphone.fm/KQINC5689930505.mp3?updated=1632768570","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1976952/facing-drought-wildfires-scorching-heat-bay-area-wineries-are-changing-how-they-grow-grapes","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen above for a KQED podcast episode of this story created by The Bay team.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a foggy September morning farmworkers harvest plump, dark purple grapes at \u003ca href=\"https://hamelfamilywines.com/\">Hamel Family Wines\u003c/a> in Sonoma County. But winemaker John Hamel II recognizes these Cabernet Sauvignon grapes are very different from others grown in Sonoma and Napa counties. The green vines are flourishing mostly without direct watering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These vines haven’t received a drop of water since 2017,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamel stopped watering 80% of his vines after realizing that’s what some growers do in places like France. The method is called dry farming, and uses little to no water to irrigate vineyards. The result is grapes with thicker skins and tastier wine, says Hamel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This season will be slightly lower in yield, but we actually feel like this has potential to be a very good vintage,” he said of this year’s harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is in a second year of drought and for many North Bay grape growers, the hot, dry conditions mean lost crops. In 2020 some growers lost 20% or more of their crops because of dry conditions, fires, or smoke tainting the flavor of their grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the climate warms, winemakers and grape growers are changing the direction they grow vines, picking earlier, covering crops with shade cloth, and adapting in other ways. Others have invested in solar panels, electric vehicles, and climate action plans. Some, like Hamel, have shifted to dry farming and are using a lot less water or none at all. At least one Bay Area winery is using “sunscreen” on grape leaves to protect harvests from excessive heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rethinking growing practices is critical, Hamel says, because back-to-back dry years are more frequent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now every year is warm and dry,” he said. “I think it’s good to realize that you’re never fully in control, and being able to adapt to the best of your ability is the job. It’s humbling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976969\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1976969\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The only water these grape vines received since 2017 was from fog and rain.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHT-WINE-FOG-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eighty percent of the vines at Hamel Family Wines have not received any irrigation this year. That number has grown from 20% in 2017. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All growers are feeling pressure from drought, fire and heat, but do warming temperatures pose an existential threat to wine?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353907512_Global_warming_and_wine_quality_are_we_close_to_the_tipping_point\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> released this summer by \u003ca href=\"https://wineserver.ucdavis.edu/people/kaan-kurtural#/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kaan Kurtural\u003c/a>, a UC Davis viticulture specialist, found that California’s wine industry is “not at a tipping point” because of climate change or its effects — although heat waves and fires can have an immediate impact on winemaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell the growers, their grapevines are not going to die,” he said. “They might not be economical to grow for one or two years, but they always come back. There are very resilient plants. So we’re able to adapt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also found that the climate has warmed steadily in California since the 1980s. But he says this has not been bad for the industry — a warmer climate helped establish the state as a premier wine growing region globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As it became warmer we started harvesting sweeter grapes, and with sweeter grapes, the wine ratings have steadily increased,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5689930505&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the negative impacts of climate change, Kurtural says the state’s $40 billion wine market is strong and growers will adapt to make sure it stays that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are growing grapes at the lowest costs for the grossest profit,” he said. “As long as growers are making money, they will keep them because it’s a business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Dry farming through a drought\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Dry farming in California is not a widely used tactic — it’s just one way some growers like Hamel are acclimating to a warming world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just turning off the water and hoping for the best,” Hamel said. “Even in a year where we received less than half of normal rainfall with a hot summer the vines are doing well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamel began dry farming before the current drought, and he’s glad he did. The roots of his vines had years to acclimate, growing deeper and finding underground sources of water. As a result, they are now well-prepared for dry times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the first year where we’ve really had a payback,” he said. “The vines have been trained to deal with a drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamel says he saved 2 million gallons of water last year and plans to eventually dry farm almost the entirety of his 100 acres in the coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976958\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976958 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Hamel Family Wines doesn't use any water on 80% of it's 100 acres.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-3-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For John Hamel II, dry farming is about preserving a future for Hamel Family Wines as droughts worsen because of climate change. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“[We’re] essentially training the vine to endure more drought each season,” he said. “The drought doesn’t make things easier by any means. We really are on the razor’s edge all season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drought is not new in California. But Hamel says the pendulum swings between wet and dry years have been more radical in recent years. “We have high rainfall years, close to double the amount of average rain, or we have almost half of the normal rainfall and it’s super difficult to get through an entire season,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","tag":"climate-change"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.712622/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> by Kurtural, the UC Davis viticulture specialist, found growers can use half of the water they normally use without compromising the taste or color of wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But dry farming isn’t a viable option for all wine grape growers, said Connor Bockman with \u003ca href=\"https://rdwinery.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RD Winery\u003c/a>, Napa’s first Vietnamese-owned winery. The growers use drip irrigation to limit water use and utilize a practice called deficit irrigation where vines are only given water when they reach a certain level of stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says switching from irrigation to dry farming takes time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In comparison to other crops — orchards, annual field crops, and others — high-quality wine grapes use a relatively small amount of water,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RD Winery had less fruit on the vine this year. Exactly how much of that is caused by drought is “hard to say,” Bockman said, but their harvest is “40% to 50% under expected yield.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he says, the grapes are of both “great quality and concentration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Impacts of wildfire smoke\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976959\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976959 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A fire circled two vineyards at Green and Red Vineyards in Napa County the summer of 2020.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-6-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lightning-sparked fire burned right up to some of the vines at Green and Red Vineyards in 2020. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some winemakers are already feeling the pain that comes with the short-term effects of climate change. Smoke from wildfires, made worse by drought and heat waves, can sully whole harvests with a fumy aroma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, a series of lightning-sparked fire, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2020/8/17/lnu-lightning-complex-includes-hennessey-gamble-15-10-spanish-markley-13-4-11-16-walbridge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LNU Lightning Complex,\u003c/a> consumed 363,000 acres and burned just feet from \u003ca href=\"https://greenandred.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Green and Red Vineyards\u003c/a> in the hills of Napa County. Winery owner Tobin Heminway says most of the 31-acre vineyard acted as a fire break, but the wildfire did burn a few of the vines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were evacuated, and it came up and almost burnt our house down, which is up above on the property, and the fire circled two of our vineyards,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vines survived, but smoke tainted their grapes and they lost all of their reds. This year they picked a few weeks early, after heat waves ripened their grapes sooner than expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had these radical growth spurts in the beginning of the season,” she said. “[The grapes] ripened earlier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the yield is smaller this year, but the grapes are “good quality” and “intense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976960\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976960 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The winemakers tour the vineyard in a jeep showcasing how the fire surrounded the vineyard.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/WINE-DROUGHT-ROMERO-8-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For Green and Red Vineyard operators Tobin Heminway and Raymond Hannigan, the winery is more than grapes and vines. It represents family legacy. Jay Heminway, Tobin’s father, founded the winery and passed away two years ago. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Heminway took over the winery in 2019 after her father, Jay Heminway, passed away. Since then, she’s experienced one climate impact after another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an emotionally crazy time to live,” she said. “How do we survive and live in this environment, which is becoming less and less friendly?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heminway has considered foregoing the Zinfandel vines her father planted in the early 1970s for a different varietal. But every time she walks through the vineyard, she thinks about her dad, and removing the vineyard is too closely tied to the legacy he planted and grew. With drought, fires and heat waves continuing to stress her winemaking, she’s aware that climate change is also jeopardizing her family history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all questioning what we are doing here,” she said. “Do we have any control? In farming, we’re dependent on Mother Nature and Mother Nature is pissed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using grape leaf “sunscreen” for heat waves\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1976965\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1976965 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-800x300.jpg\" alt=\"A wine grape grower in Napa County uses a clay spray on grape leaves to protect grapes from the hot temperatures. The liquid clay acts like sunscreen for the leaves lowering the temperature.\" width=\"800\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-800x300.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-1020x382.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-160x60.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE-768x288.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/DROUGHTWINESIDE.jpg 1366w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Winemakers at Green and Red Vineyard in Napa County use a clay spray on grape leaves to protect grapes from hot temperatures. The liquid clay acts like sunscreen for the leaves, lowering the temperature. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wildfires and drought aren’t the only climate effects pressuring vines at Green and Red Vineyards. Scorching heat waves earlier this summer singed the leaves, exposing grapes to the scorching sun. For Aaron Whitlatch, the vineyard’s winemaker, losing another crop wasn’t an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I liken it to being a chef that doesn’t get to complete their meal,” he said. “They spent all day chopping things and preparing it, and then you just don’t get to put it out on the plate for people to enjoy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect the grapes from turning into raisins on the vine, Whitlatch turned to a human idea: sunscreen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s actually sunscreen for the leaves, not so much for the grapes themselves,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solution, borrowed from wineries in Australia, was already being used at a few other Northern California wineries. He tried it on his Petite Sirah vineyard, which is heavily exposed to sun on a hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He sprayed the leaves with white organic liquid clay, which after it has dried, coats them in a cooling white powder and prevents shriveling or turning, ensuring the grapes are shielded from high heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Whitlatch says heat waves and drought this year will likely cut the total yield in half and he’s aware that future harvests remain in jeopardy as the climate emergency continues to worsen globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: A previous version of this story misidentified Connor Bockman.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1976952/facing-drought-wildfires-scorching-heat-bay-area-wineries-are-changing-how-they-grow-grapes","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450","science_98","science_3730"],"tags":["science_1622","science_194","science_1461","science_383","science_113","science_393"],"featImg":"science_1977032","label":"source_science_1976952"},"science_1974191":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1974191","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1974191","score":null,"sort":[1619712029000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"que-puede-hacer-el-area-de-la-bahia-ante-el-aumento-del-nivel-del-mar-el-este-de-palo-alto-ya-esta-proponiendo-algunas-soluciones","title":"¿Qué puede hacer el Área de la Bahía ante el aumento del nivel del mar? El Este de Palo Alto ya está proponiendo algunas soluciones","publishDate":1619712029,"format":"image","headTitle":"¿Qué puede hacer el Área de la Bahía ante el aumento del nivel del mar? El Este de Palo Alto ya está proponiendo algunas soluciones | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Esta serie es parte de la iniciativa nacional de periodismo ‘\u003ca href=\"http://connected-coastlines.pulitzercenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Connected Coastlines\u003c/a>‘ del Centro Pulitzer.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973805/climate-solutions-in-east-palo-alto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Read in English\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">L\u003c/span>a primera vez que las calles se inundaron, Appollonia Grey ‘Uhilamoelangi, mejor conocida como ‘Mamá Dee’ en su comunidad del Este de Palo Alto, recordó el clima de su natal Samoa, pese a que estas lluvias eran más frías y severas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yo me sentía muy feliz esa vez”, dijo ‘Uhilamoelangi, refiriéndose a su primer gran diluvio en el Área de la Bahía. “Yo estaba afuera nadando en la lluvia, jugando en la lluvia. Había agua por todas partes”, agregó.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]Según las proyecciones, dentro de unos 10 años hasta dos tercios del Este de Palo Alto podrían sufrir inundaciones con regularidad, lo que podría desencadenar un efecto domino de varias crisis alrededor del Área de la Bahía. Ahora, el gobierno, las empresas y los residentes se han unido para intentar prepararse.[/pullquote]Pero la ciudad del Este de Palo Alto es propensa a inundaciones, y en tres instancias en los últimos treinta años, las lluvias torrenciales han devastado a esta localidad que cuenta con alrededor de 30 mil habitantes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“En las dos últimas inundaciones, la pregunta era, ¿dónde está Dios?”, dijo ella. “No me malinterpreten. Yo creo en el poder de la oración. Pero he sobrevivido muchas catástrofes”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahora, el nivel del mar en la bahía de San Francisco está subiendo por los efectos del cambio climático, lo cual representa una amenaza existencial para esta pequeña comunidad, compuesta por lo general de familias de color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No es una exageración. El Este de Palo Alto se encuentra situado entre las ciudades de San Francisco y San José, al extremo occidental del puente Dumbarton. De todos los condados del Área de la Bahía, el condado San Mateo es el que corre más riesgo por el aumento del nivel del mar. Y de todas las poblaciones en el condado, el Este de Palo Alto es la más vulnerable a las inundaciones provocadas por el clima.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch5>Una proyección del aumento del nivel del mar en el Área de la Bahía hasta el 2050\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 90%\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>Puede mover su mouse para explorar las direcciones del mapa. Puede usar los signos (+) y (-) para acercarse o alejarse. Selecciona la lupa para buscar una dirección específica. Para esconder la leyenda, selecciona la flecha hacia abajo que está ubicada al lado derecho de la leyenda del mapa. Fuentes: USGS, OCOF, Pacific Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqed.carto.com/u/kqednews/builder/13e1ca7c-3df3-4f40-bcd3-8072f22d9e6c/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Con un área de 2.5 millas cuadradas y repleta de árboles de cítricos y casas estilo rancho, la ciudad está rodeada de agua por sus tres lados: el arroyo San Francisquito que serpentea a lo largo del extremo sur y la bahía, al norte y al este.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La mitad del Este de Palo Alto ya ha sido \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofepa.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/community_amp_economic_development/page/2531/fema_maps_2015_201509011239377956.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">designada como una zona de inundación\u003c/a> por el gobierno federal. Según las proyecciones, en alrededor de 10 años, hasta dos tercios del terreno dentro de los límites de la ciudad podrían sufrir inundados con regularidad. A mediados del siglo, esas zonas podrían quedar frecuentemente bajo el agua durante las altas mareas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los efectos del cambio climático están impactando de manera desproporcionada a las comunidades de color como el Este de Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1974232,science_1974195\"]El aburguesamiento (conocido comunmente como ‘gentrificación’) y la afluencia de los gigantes de la tecnología como Facebook, Google y Amazon ha transformado a la ciudad pero aún así, sigue siendo una comunidad mayormente compuesta por personas no blancas. El 66% de la población se identifica como Latina y muchas personas provenientes de las islas del Pacífico, como ‘Uhilamoelangi, viven aquí.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando las lluvias son fuertes, el arroyo se desborda e inunda las partes al este de la ciudad y un nivel de mar elevado agravará el problema aún más, complicando la viabilidad de que el Este de Palo Alto siga siendo el hogar para familias obreras, dijo Derek Ouyang académico y gerente de programas con \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofepa.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/community_amp_economic_development/page/2531/fema_maps_2015_201509011239377956.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stanford Future Bay Initiative\u003c/a>\u003c/em> (o la Iniciativa por el Futuro de la Bahía de Stanford), que trabaja con líderes comunitarios de la ciudad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Si conocieras a 100 familias del el Este de Palo Alto, quizás 50 de ellas ya han llegado al punto en que sus ahorros son tan bajos…que una inundación…podría ser su límite”, dijo Ouyang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En 1998, las aguas de una inundación \u003ca href=\"https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2018/02/03/a-flood-next-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">anegaron a más de mil hogares\u003c/a>. Y en el 2012, el arroyo se desbordó, resultando en evacuaciones de las zonas afectadas. Para mitigar el riesgo, la ciudad, en colaboración con otras localidades cercanas a través de la oficina de \u003cem>San Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority\u003c/em> (o la Autoridad de Poderes Conjuntos del Arroyo San Francisquito) rediseñó partes de su costa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1974199\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1974199\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-1020x574-1.jpg\" alt=\"Varias partes del Este de Palo Alto se inundaron en 1998.\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-1020x574-1.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-1020x574-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-1020x574-1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-1020x574-1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Varias partes del Este de Palo Alto se inundaron en 1998. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Para algunos residentes del Este de Palo Alto, no es la primera vez que las inundaciones y el cambio climático amenazan a sus hogares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aquí viven refugiados que huyeron de una crisis ambiental en las islas del Pacífico, donde el nivel del mar aún sigue creciendo. Y ahora, a pesar de que se encuentran a miles de millas de distancia en un nuevo hogar, nuevamente enfrentan amenazas similares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muchos están colaborando con científicos, la ciudad y la autoridad de poderes conjuntos para salvar hogares restaurando y creando un nuevo humedal que se encuentra en la orilla de la bahía.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Y pese a que \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofepa.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/finance/page/4321/adopted_fy_2020-21_budget.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">el presupuesto del Este de Palo Alto\u003c/a> (que equivale $41.8 millones) es 325 veces menor que el de San Francisco, la ciudad se está desempeñando muy por encima de su capacidad en términos de planificación para un aumento en la marea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1974211\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1974211\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48667_IMG_2781-sfi-1.jpg\" alt=\"Heleine Grewe, de 17 años, y Leia Grewe, su madre, están afuera en un día soleado.\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48667_IMG_2781-sfi-1.jpg 480w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48667_IMG_2781-sfi-1-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heleine Grewe, de 17 años con su madre, Leia Grewe, en el Este de Palo Alto. \u003ccite>(Kevin Stark/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sin embargo, puede ser no suficiente. Los ecosistemas y la infraestructura del Área de la Bahía están profundamente interconectados, lo que significa que sin un plan regional que incluya a todas las comunidades a lo largo de la bahía, los esfuerzos de los residentes del Este de Palo Alto podrían tener un impacto muy limitado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tanto los líderes políticos como los activistas comunitarios de la ciudad, muchos quienes son adolescentes frustrados por el hecho de heredar los peores efectos del aumento en el nivel del océano y el derretimiento de las capas de hielo, entienden la importancia de este hecho.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sólo quiero un plan para el futuro, porque si esto pasa y hay inundaciones por todas partes, la gente debe de saber cómo responder”, dijo Heleine Grewe, una estudiante de 17 años en el último año de la preparatoria Menlo-Atherton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Leía Grewe, residente del Este de Palo Alto\"]‘Me acuerdo de todos los lugares que no estaban listos…Como lo que pasó con [el huracán] Katrina. Eso nos podría pasar en algunos años.’[/pullquote]Los abuelos maternos de Grewe emigraron de Tonga y la familia de su papá llegó al Este de Palo Alto como parte de una migración más grande de familias afroamericanas a la ciudad a mediados del siglo pasado. Muchos experimentaron \u003ca href=\"https://bos.smcgov.org/history-east-palo-alto#:~:text=East%20Palo%20Alto%20became%20one,in%201983%3A%201%2C782%20to%201%2C767\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">acoso inmobiliario\u003c/a> y otras \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Hearings_Before_the_United_States_Commis/fUXVAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=East%20Palo%20Alto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tácticas de vivienda discriminatorias\u003c/a>, el resultado de décadas de políticas basadas en la segregación racial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leia, su madre, teme que el agua llegará con toda su furia a su puerta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me acuerdo de todos los lugares que no estaban listos”, dijo ella. “Como lo que pasó con [el hurac\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">án]\u003c/span> Katrina. Eso nos podría pasar en algunos años”.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Los vínculos del cambio climático\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>‘Uhilamoelangi emigró de Samoa junto a su esposo Senita (quien también lo conocen como ‘Papá Senter’) a mediados de la década de los 70 debido a que en ese entonces, los huracanes y tsunamis comenzaron a llegar con mayor frecuencia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Todo los isleños…nunca tenemos una conversación casual sobre la lluvia, las inundaciones”, explicó ella, y agregó, “Cada vez que llega un tsunami a nuestra isla, o cualquiera de las islas, todos nosotros sentimos una conexión y es muy emotivo”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero no fue hasta mediados de los años 2010 que ella entendió el vínculo entre estas tormentas tropicales y el calentamiento del planeta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yo no sabía lo que era el cambio climático”, dijo ‘Uhilamoelangi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Aquí puedes escuchar los reportajes que salieron en la radio de esta investigación, en inglés\" link1=\"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/9781a65a-2213-47f8-8203-ad1201221d2f/audio.mp3,Parte 1\" link2=\"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/eceb8c18-f067-4a06-97d7-ad13011a189e/audio.mp3,Parte 2\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Las inundaciones en el Este de Palo Alto, el clima extremo en Samoa y él aumento del nivel del mar, para ‘Uhilamoelangi, todo esto está conectado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ella logró entender cómo las inundaciones en el Este de Palo Alto, el clima extremo en Samoa y la subida del nivel del mar están todos interconectados luego de conocer a Violet Saena del grupo \u003ca href=\"https://www.acterra.org/climate-resilient-communities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Climate Resilient Communities\u003c/em>\u003c/a> (o las ‘Comunidades Resistentes al Clima’), el cual se dedica a proteger los residentes de la península que no están respresentandos en la crisis climática.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Puedo hacer preguntas que parezcan estúpidas, pero Violet siempre me da una respuesta “, dijo Mamá Dee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saena fue la primera en dirigir los esfuerzos para enfrentar el cambio climático en Samoa, creando el primer plan de resistencia del país . Cuando acompañó a su marido al Área de la Bahía, ella vio cómo esta comunidad también necesitaba entender más sobre este riesgo que se avecina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Con el apoyo de algunos estudiantes de Stanford, ella fue de puerta en puerta en el Este de Palo Alto, preguntando a los residentes qué sabían sobre los efectos del aumento del nivel del mar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Para mí, esto es algo fácil ya que soy una persona de color y porque vengo de la isla”, dijo ella. “Ellos ven eso y piensan, ‘Ah sí, ella es como nosotros’ “.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1974212\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1974212\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-1020x680-1.jpg\" alt=\"Violet Saena, directora ejecutiva del grupo 'Comunidades resistentes al clima' en el parque Cooley Landing del Este de Palo Alto.\" width=\"1020\" height=\"680\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-1020x680-1.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-1020x680-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-1020x680-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-1020x680-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Violet Saena, directora ejecutiva del grupo ‘Comunidades resistentes al clima’ en el parque Cooley Landing del Este de Palo Alto. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Algo que surgió a raíz de esas pláticas fue la creación de grupos climáticos comunitarios destinados a involucrar y educar a residentes en los planes de adaptación del Este de Palo Alto, así como a ayudarles en sus necesidades básicas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La gente quiere formar parte de “estrategias reales”, dijo Saena. “No sólo les interesa el dique. También quieren saber qué pueden hacer ellos mismos, como manejar cisternas de agua o sistemas de precipitación en sus jardines”, explicó.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ella reconoce que el número de residentes de bajos ingresos que necesitarán ayuda es alto. “No tendrán los medios para comprar otro carro si el que tienen lo pierden en una inundación. Entonces, ¿qué programas podemos desarrollar que puedan ayudar a todos?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Si toda el Área de la Bahía adoptara esta filosofía, la región podría ser mucho más resistente al cambio climático, afirma \u003ca href=\"https://www.elizabethallisonphd.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elizabeth Allison\u003c/a>, que estudia la intersección entre la religion y la ecología en el Instituto de Estudios Integrales de California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Creo que debemos adoptar una cierta especie de ética integral de cuidado cuando consideramos el cambio climático”, dijo ella. Esto incluye ser consciente de todo el planeta, incluyendo a las generaciones por venir “de la misma manera que nos importa nuestros vecinos, amistades y familiares”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Appollonia Grey ‘Uhilamoelangi, o 'Mamá Dee', residente del Este de Palo Alto y líder comunitaria\"]‘Si queremos impedir otro desastre, ¿a dónde iremos?.’[/pullquote]Este tipo de cuidado está en el corazón de \u003ca href=\"https://anamatangi.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Anamantangi Polynesian Voices\u003c/em>\u003c/a> (o ‘Voces polinesias anamantangi’), la organización creada por los ‘Uhilamoelangi, la cual provee asistencia a los inmigrantes recién llegados con escasos recursos. Esto incluye a la educación, algo que motiva mucho a la pareja.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Somos voluntarios de tiempo completo en los esfuerzos para detener el cambio climático”, dijo Mamá Dee, “si queremos impedir otro desastre, ¿a dónde iremos?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No escapando a otra localidad posiblemente más segura, dice ella. La pareja está decidida a quedarse en el Este de Palo Alto, pese a la doble amenaza de la subida del nivel del mar y la gentrificación. Se mantendrán firmes hasta el final.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Un semicírculo de protección\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Actualmente existe en desarrollo un proyecto para proteger parte del Este de Palo Alto: un nuevo dique que separaría un segmento de la ciudad y el arroyo de San Francisquito, el cual está conectado a la bahía.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Este proyecto, que ya lleva más de 20 años, comenzó luego de la inundación del 1998”, dijo el alcalde Carlos Romero, parado encima del dique con vista a un vecindario repleto de casas de una planta y calles repletas de carros. “Todo esto estaba inundado. Tenía amigos aquí que sus salas se llenaron con cuatro pies de agua”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teme que otra inundación arremeta contra el Este de Palo Alto, lo que podría devastar a la ciudad de la misma manera que le pasó a Nueva Orleáns luego del huracán Katrina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Si te fijas y miras por encima del dique, puedes ver que algunos de los techos están por debajo de ese dique”, dijo el alcalde, “básicamente sería una repetición de lo que le pasó al noveno distrito [de Nuevo Orleáns]”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1974213\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1974213\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-1020x764-1.jpg\" alt=\"El alcalde del Este de Palo Alto, Carlos Romero, con su bicicleta en el nuevo dique que rodea partes de su ciudad. Las casas a la izquierda se encuentran a un extremo de la ciudad y a la derecha hay un arroyo que conduce a la bahía.\" width=\"1020\" height=\"764\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-1020x764-1.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-1020x764-1-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-1020x764-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-1020x764-1-768x575.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">El alcalde del Este de Palo Alto, Carlos Romero, con su bicicleta en el nuevo dique que rodea partes de su ciudad. Las casas a la izquierda se encuentran a un extremo de la ciudad y a la derecha hay un arroyo que conduce a la bahía. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aparte de este nuevo dique, también existe la estructura de otra presa, pero esta es mucho más vieja y “ofrece un poco de protección, pero no mucho”, dijo Tess Byler, directora de proyecto con \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcjpa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>San Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. Ella maneja el programa encargado de proteger a la región de la subida del nivel del mar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La meta es completamente reemplazar el antiguo dique antes del 2030. Este proyecto se ha formalizado en el plan \u003cem>Strategy to Advance Flood Protection, Ecosystems and Recreation along San Francisco Bay\u003c/em> (o la Estrategia para Avanzar en la Protección Contra Inundaciones, Ecosistemas y Recreación a lo largo de la Bahía de San Francisco), mejor conocido como \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcjpa.org/safer-bay-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>SAFER Bay\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diseñado para soportar simultáneamente una inundación centenal, marea alta y hasta un aumento de 3.5 pies en el nivel del mar, este sistema de arcilla e ingeniería que también incluye pantanos y diques, llegará desde la frontera entre Redwood City y Menlo Park en el norte hasta el límite entre Palo Alto y Mountain View en el sur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En total, este sistema tendrá que contener una proyección adicional de 10 pies en el promedio actual de la altura máxima del agua.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Este proyecto se divide en nueve fases, con la primera abarcando Menlo Park y el Este de Palo Alto. La finalización del tramo inicial, prevista para 2024, protegerá cerca de mil 600 inmuebles, la mayoría de las viviendas del Este de Palo Alto cerca de las ciénagas gestionadas por el Servicio de Pesca y Vida Silvestre de los Estados Unidos. En Menlo Park, el plan propone restaurar más de 550 acres de estanques de sal y pantanos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Para lograr formar un círculo de protección en torno a esta parte de la bahía se necesitará cooperación y los fondos de varios propietarios privados y gubernamentales tan diversos como Caltrans, Facebook, varias empresas de servicios públicos y municipios, dice Byler, agregando que también hay que tomar en cuenta la fauna con estatus especial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hay varios factores que debemos considerar, por ejemplo, las cosas que no podemos ver, como el posicionamiento de los sistemas de alcantarillado, y las cosas que sí podemos ver como las torres eléctricas”, explicó ella. “Y además debemos de ser conscientes de proteger el marjal que es hogar de muchas maravillosas especies de aves y animales”, dijo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Más en español' tag='kqed-en-espanol']Todavía falta mucho que se debe resolver, dice Byler, incluyendo decidir quién va a construir los diques y cómo se va a limpiar la contaminación de arsénico en la tierra, los restos de una vieja planta procesadora de residuos peligrosos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aún así, ella está segura que el proyecto seguirá adelante, no sólo por el amplio compromiso de la comunidad, pero también porque muchas entidades parecen estar trabajando juntas, pero quizás no todas a la misma velocidad. Ella dice que fondos estatales podrían ayudar a completar el presupuesto para el proyecto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ya tenemos los fondos para el Este de Palo Alto, entonces ese será nuestra primer prioridad”, dijo ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero el sistema de diques es tan solo una solución de ámbito reducido. Para proteger la infraestructura crítica del Área de la Bahía como la autopista 101 se requerirá un enfoque regional que involucre a cada condado de la región, afirma \u003ca href=\"https://oneshoreline.org/staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Len Materman\u003c/a>, director ejecutivo de la dependencia \u003cem>San Mateo County Flood and Sea Level Rise Resiliency District\u003c/em> (o el ‘Distrito para la Resistencia a las Inundaciones y la Subida del Nivel del Mar del Condado de San Mateo’).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aún no lo logramos, todos los nueve condados”, dijo él e indicó, “cuanto antes se incorporen todos, mejor”.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Una reacción en cadena\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Una razón por la cual funcionarios y líderes comunitarios les interesa incluir a toda el Área de la Bahía cuando hablan de soluciones a la crisis climática es que lo que ocurre en el Este de Palo Alto no se va a quedar sólo en esa localidad. Una catástrofe aquí provocará una reacción en cadena la cual podría impactar a millones de habitantes en decenas de ciudades, poniendo en mayor riesgo a quienes viven cerca de la costa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La casa de la familia Grewe, ubicada en una zona de alto riesgo, está situada a la misma altura por encima del nivel del mar, que las salidas y entradas del puente Dumbarton. Si se inundaran estas secciones del puente, una de las arterias de transporte más importantes del sur y el este de la Bahía fallaría, y el sistema de transporte vial de la región se podría convertir rápidamente en un caos total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KTNaQmeCxY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Un vídeo publicado originalmente por la dependencia del agua del valle de Santa Clara que demuestra varios momentos durante la inundación que afectó al Este de Palo Alto luego de que el arroyo de San Francisquito se desbordara.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lo mismo podría ocurrir para las cadenas de distribución de agua y combustible y las redes de electricidad y comunicaciones, dijo Mark Stacey, un ingeniero ambiental con la Universidad de California en Berkeley. Él explica que el Área de la Bahía es un ecosistema interconectado y que cada rompeolas, cada dique, cada cambio a la costa de la bahía podría tener un gran impacto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En el Este de Palo Alto, una inundación podría provocar una serie de crisis a lo largo de la región.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A medida que nosotros transformamos nuestras costas o a medida que nuestras costas son transformadas por la subida del nivel del mar, las dinámicas de las corrientes en la bahía cambian también”, dijo Stacey. “Cambios a nivel local en el litoral pueden tener impactos regionales en el nivel del mar”, indicó.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]A medida que distintas comunidades fortalecen sus riberas ante la subida del nivel del mar, las corrientes por venir rebotarán en contra de estos rompeolas. Cuando esto ocurre, la fuerza de estas mismas corrientes irá creciendo en otras partes de la bahía.[/pullquote]Cuando las corrientes marinas entran del Pacífico a la bahía de San Francisco, la desembocadura más grande en la costa oeste, a veces se dispersan a lo largo de los humedales que se encuentran en varios puntos de la bahía y en otras ocasiones suman al nivel del mar cuando rebotan contra los rompeolas ubicados junto la costa, dice Stacey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A medida que distintas comunidades fortalecen sus riberas ante la subida del nivel del mar, las corrientes por venir rebotarán en contra de estos rompeolas. Cuando esto ocurre, la fuerza de estas mismas corrientes irá creciendo en otras partes de la bahía y formaría un ciclo de acción y reacción que podría sumar unas pulgadas adicionales al nivel del mar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millones de residentes del Área de la Bahía se podrían ver afectados por esto. El sur de la bahía, donde se encuentra el Este de Palo Alto, es la zona más vulnerable a este fenómeno de “amplificación”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica Fain, directora de planeación para la oficina Bay Conservation and Development Commission (en español, la ‘Comisión de Conservación y Desarrollo de la Bahía’ o BCDC por sus siglas en inglés), dice que el Este de Palo Alto es el punto óptimo para abordar en un solo lugar todos los retos relacionados al aumento del nivel del mar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aquí se unen todos los puntos”, dijo ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1974220\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1974220\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-1020x680-1.jpg\" alt=\"Una imagen aérea tomada por un drone del puente Dumbarton cerca de la costa del Este de Palo Alto.\" width=\"1020\" height=\"680\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-1020x680-1.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-1020x680-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-1020x680-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-1020x680-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Una imagen aérea tomada por un drone del puente Dumbarton cerca de la costa del Este de Palo Alto. \u003ccite>(JJ Harris - Techboogie/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Detrás de la estrategia regional que Fain está ayudando a diseñar, llamada \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayadapt.org/\">\u003cem>Bay Adapt\u003c/em>\u003c/a> (o ‘la Bahía se adapta’), está la convicción de que el aumento del nivel del mar afectará a cada aspecto de la vida. La función original de la dependencia no incluía responder al aumento del nivel del mar pero ha evolucionado para formar nexos entre ciudades, condados, negocios y la gente.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entre las herramientas a la disposición de la BCDC, existen por ejemplo las subvenciones que pueden incluir lineamientos para alentar el cumplimiento de las metas regionales. O también pueden recaudar apoyo para fomentar los buenos proyectos y rechazar aquellos que no son útiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pero todavía no llegamos a ese punto”, dijo Fain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Julio García, miembro de 'Nuestra Casa'\"]‘Sin mencionar la situación del COVID-19, el [cambio climático] es la crisis número uno que estamos enfrentando ahora.’[/pullquote]Lo que le falta es la autoridad para forzar a ciudades y condados a coordinar su programa de diques y otras soluciones. Por ahora, la BCDC está trabajando con grupos comunitarios por toda el Área de la Bahía para seguir desarrollando un compromiso con las metas de la dependencia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uno de estos grupos es ‘\u003ca href=\"https://nuestracasa.org/es/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nuestra Casa\u003c/a>‘ en el Este de Palo Alto. Julio García dirige clases, talleres y grupos de sondeo para asegurar que se escuche la voz de los residentes en el proceso en que se forman los planes de la BCDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sin mencionar la situación del COVID-19, el [cambio climático] es la crisis número uno que estamos enfrentando ahora”, dijo García. “Como una comunidad de personas de color, como personas que trabajan, esto es algo muy importante. Porque si las casas comienzan a inundarse, ¿a donde nos vamos a ir?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La familia Grewe forman parte de este grupo, donde Heleine enseña una clase de justicia ambiental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“En verdad me encantaría si más ciudades aledañas se unieran para proteger a nuestra pequeña ciudad”, dijo Leía Grewe, durante una junta reciente del grupo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lo que le preocupa a García, y también a Heleine y Leía, es que si se extienden los marjales con el fin de proteger a las zonas residenciales, esto podría resultar en que suba el costo de la vivienda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tendremos que mudarnos a Stockton, a Sacramento”, dijo Leía. “Y detesto eso porque cuando te pones a pensar en el Este de Palo Alto, tenemos a muchos familiares que no pueden regresar. Una propiedad aquí ya está fuera de su alcance”, agregó.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Con 27 años de edad, Antonio López es el concejal más joven del Este de San José y él dice que entiende la preocupación que siente la familia Grewe acerca del aburguesamiento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1974216\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1974216\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-1020x765-1.jpg\" alt=\"Antonio López, concejal de la ciudad del Este de Palo Alto, se recarga sobre un barendal cerca del arroyo de San Francisquito.\" width=\"1020\" height=\"765\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-1020x765-1.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-1020x765-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-1020x765-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-1020x765-1-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Antonio López, concejal de la ciudad del Este de Palo Alto, se recarga sobre un barendal cerca del arroyo de San Francisquito. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Nosotros quienes trabajamos con la ciudad luchamos para que tú puedas seguir aquí y que se escuche tu voz”, dijo él y mantiene que “los diques tan sólo son un símbolo de que todavía tenemos una oportunidad de permanecer aquí”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>López guarda una fotografía del arroyo de San Francisquito en su teléfono móvil, la cual demuestra un momento cuando el arroyo, de color café se desbordó, llegando a una pulgada por debajo de las calles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En el mismo lugar que se tomó esta foto ahora existe un dique verde de acero que abraza la figura del arroyo, una \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcjpa.org/reach-1-downstream-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sección del proyecto\u003c/a> fue completada por \u003cem>San Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority\u003c/em> en el 2019. En colaboración con esta dependencia, la ciudad del Este de Palo Alto amplió el arroyo, reconstruyó los salares y desarrolló un dique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contemplando la foto, “veo la ansiedad causada por las inundaciones, pero también veo una oportunidad y un recordatorio de dónde tenemos que estar”, dijo López.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este artículo fue traducido por el periodista, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/ccabreralomeli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí \u003c/a>y editado por la periodista \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/soytapatia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">María Peña\u003c/a> del equipo de \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/kqedenespanol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED en Español\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"East Palo Alto, o el 'Este de Palo Alto' es una pequeña ciudad costeña que enfrenta el reto de inundaciones a medida que sube el nivel del mar a causa del cambio climático. Sin embargo, la comunidad está tomando acción.\r\n","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846647,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://kqed.carto.com/u/kqednews/builder/13e1ca7c-3df3-4f40-bcd3-8072f22d9e6c/embed"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":89,"wordCount":5002},"headData":{"title":"¿Qué puede hacer el Área de la Bahía ante el aumento del nivel del mar? El Este de Palo Alto ya está proponiendo algunas soluciones | KQED","description":"East Palo Alto, o el 'Este de Palo Alto' es una pequeña ciudad costeña que enfrenta el reto de inundaciones a medida que sube el nivel del mar a causa del cambio climático. Sin embargo, la comunidad está tomando acción.\r\n","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"KQED en Español","sourceUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/kqedenespanol","audioUrl":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-4[…]f-aaef00f5a073/9781a65a-2213-47f8-8203-ad1201221d2f/audio.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1974191/que-puede-hacer-el-area-de-la-bahia-ante-el-aumento-del-nivel-del-mar-el-este-de-palo-alto-ya-esta-proponiendo-algunas-soluciones","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Esta serie es parte de la iniciativa nacional de periodismo ‘\u003ca href=\"http://connected-coastlines.pulitzercenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Connected Coastlines\u003c/a>‘ del Centro Pulitzer.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973805/climate-solutions-in-east-palo-alto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Read in English\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">L\u003c/span>a primera vez que las calles se inundaron, Appollonia Grey ‘Uhilamoelangi, mejor conocida como ‘Mamá Dee’ en su comunidad del Este de Palo Alto, recordó el clima de su natal Samoa, pese a que estas lluvias eran más frías y severas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yo me sentía muy feliz esa vez”, dijo ‘Uhilamoelangi, refiriéndose a su primer gran diluvio en el Área de la Bahía. “Yo estaba afuera nadando en la lluvia, jugando en la lluvia. Había agua por todas partes”, agregó.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"Según las proyecciones, dentro de unos 10 años hasta dos tercios del Este de Palo Alto podrían sufrir inundaciones con regularidad, lo que podría desencadenar un efecto domino de varias crisis alrededor del Área de la Bahía. Ahora, el gobierno, las empresas y los residentes se han unido para intentar prepararse.","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Pero la ciudad del Este de Palo Alto es propensa a inundaciones, y en tres instancias en los últimos treinta años, las lluvias torrenciales han devastado a esta localidad que cuenta con alrededor de 30 mil habitantes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“En las dos últimas inundaciones, la pregunta era, ¿dónde está Dios?”, dijo ella. “No me malinterpreten. Yo creo en el poder de la oración. Pero he sobrevivido muchas catástrofes”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahora, el nivel del mar en la bahía de San Francisco está subiendo por los efectos del cambio climático, lo cual representa una amenaza existencial para esta pequeña comunidad, compuesta por lo general de familias de color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No es una exageración. El Este de Palo Alto se encuentra situado entre las ciudades de San Francisco y San José, al extremo occidental del puente Dumbarton. De todos los condados del Área de la Bahía, el condado San Mateo es el que corre más riesgo por el aumento del nivel del mar. Y de todas las poblaciones en el condado, el Este de Palo Alto es la más vulnerable a las inundaciones provocadas por el clima.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch5>Una proyección del aumento del nivel del mar en el Área de la Bahía hasta el 2050\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 90%\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>Puede mover su mouse para explorar las direcciones del mapa. Puede usar los signos (+) y (-) para acercarse o alejarse. Selecciona la lupa para buscar una dirección específica. Para esconder la leyenda, selecciona la flecha hacia abajo que está ubicada al lado derecho de la leyenda del mapa. Fuentes: USGS, OCOF, Pacific Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqed.carto.com/u/kqednews/builder/13e1ca7c-3df3-4f40-bcd3-8072f22d9e6c/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Con un área de 2.5 millas cuadradas y repleta de árboles de cítricos y casas estilo rancho, la ciudad está rodeada de agua por sus tres lados: el arroyo San Francisquito que serpentea a lo largo del extremo sur y la bahía, al norte y al este.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La mitad del Este de Palo Alto ya ha sido \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofepa.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/community_amp_economic_development/page/2531/fema_maps_2015_201509011239377956.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">designada como una zona de inundación\u003c/a> por el gobierno federal. Según las proyecciones, en alrededor de 10 años, hasta dos tercios del terreno dentro de los límites de la ciudad podrían sufrir inundados con regularidad. A mediados del siglo, esas zonas podrían quedar frecuentemente bajo el agua durante las altas mareas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los efectos del cambio climático están impactando de manera desproporcionada a las comunidades de color como el Este de Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1974232,science_1974195","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>El aburguesamiento (conocido comunmente como ‘gentrificación’) y la afluencia de los gigantes de la tecnología como Facebook, Google y Amazon ha transformado a la ciudad pero aún así, sigue siendo una comunidad mayormente compuesta por personas no blancas. El 66% de la población se identifica como Latina y muchas personas provenientes de las islas del Pacífico, como ‘Uhilamoelangi, viven aquí.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando las lluvias son fuertes, el arroyo se desborda e inunda las partes al este de la ciudad y un nivel de mar elevado agravará el problema aún más, complicando la viabilidad de que el Este de Palo Alto siga siendo el hogar para familias obreras, dijo Derek Ouyang académico y gerente de programas con \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofepa.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/community_amp_economic_development/page/2531/fema_maps_2015_201509011239377956.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stanford Future Bay Initiative\u003c/a>\u003c/em> (o la Iniciativa por el Futuro de la Bahía de Stanford), que trabaja con líderes comunitarios de la ciudad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Si conocieras a 100 familias del el Este de Palo Alto, quizás 50 de ellas ya han llegado al punto en que sus ahorros son tan bajos…que una inundación…podría ser su límite”, dijo Ouyang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En 1998, las aguas de una inundación \u003ca href=\"https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2018/02/03/a-flood-next-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">anegaron a más de mil hogares\u003c/a>. Y en el 2012, el arroyo se desbordó, resultando en evacuaciones de las zonas afectadas. Para mitigar el riesgo, la ciudad, en colaboración con otras localidades cercanas a través de la oficina de \u003cem>San Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority\u003c/em> (o la Autoridad de Poderes Conjuntos del Arroyo San Francisquito) rediseñó partes de su costa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1974199\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1974199\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-1020x574-1.jpg\" alt=\"Varias partes del Este de Palo Alto se inundaron en 1998.\" width=\"1020\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-1020x574-1.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-1020x574-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-1020x574-1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-1020x574-1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Varias partes del Este de Palo Alto se inundaron en 1998. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Para algunos residentes del Este de Palo Alto, no es la primera vez que las inundaciones y el cambio climático amenazan a sus hogares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aquí viven refugiados que huyeron de una crisis ambiental en las islas del Pacífico, donde el nivel del mar aún sigue creciendo. Y ahora, a pesar de que se encuentran a miles de millas de distancia en un nuevo hogar, nuevamente enfrentan amenazas similares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muchos están colaborando con científicos, la ciudad y la autoridad de poderes conjuntos para salvar hogares restaurando y creando un nuevo humedal que se encuentra en la orilla de la bahía.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Y pese a que \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofepa.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/finance/page/4321/adopted_fy_2020-21_budget.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">el presupuesto del Este de Palo Alto\u003c/a> (que equivale $41.8 millones) es 325 veces menor que el de San Francisco, la ciudad se está desempeñando muy por encima de su capacidad en términos de planificación para un aumento en la marea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1974211\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1974211\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48667_IMG_2781-sfi-1.jpg\" alt=\"Heleine Grewe, de 17 años, y Leia Grewe, su madre, están afuera en un día soleado.\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48667_IMG_2781-sfi-1.jpg 480w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48667_IMG_2781-sfi-1-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heleine Grewe, de 17 años con su madre, Leia Grewe, en el Este de Palo Alto. \u003ccite>(Kevin Stark/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sin embargo, puede ser no suficiente. Los ecosistemas y la infraestructura del Área de la Bahía están profundamente interconectados, lo que significa que sin un plan regional que incluya a todas las comunidades a lo largo de la bahía, los esfuerzos de los residentes del Este de Palo Alto podrían tener un impacto muy limitado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tanto los líderes políticos como los activistas comunitarios de la ciudad, muchos quienes son adolescentes frustrados por el hecho de heredar los peores efectos del aumento en el nivel del océano y el derretimiento de las capas de hielo, entienden la importancia de este hecho.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sólo quiero un plan para el futuro, porque si esto pasa y hay inundaciones por todas partes, la gente debe de saber cómo responder”, dijo Heleine Grewe, una estudiante de 17 años en el último año de la preparatoria Menlo-Atherton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Me acuerdo de todos los lugares que no estaban listos…Como lo que pasó con [el huracán] Katrina. Eso nos podría pasar en algunos años.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Leía Grewe, residente del Este de Palo Alto","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Los abuelos maternos de Grewe emigraron de Tonga y la familia de su papá llegó al Este de Palo Alto como parte de una migración más grande de familias afroamericanas a la ciudad a mediados del siglo pasado. Muchos experimentaron \u003ca href=\"https://bos.smcgov.org/history-east-palo-alto#:~:text=East%20Palo%20Alto%20became%20one,in%201983%3A%201%2C782%20to%201%2C767\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">acoso inmobiliario\u003c/a> y otras \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Hearings_Before_the_United_States_Commis/fUXVAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=East%20Palo%20Alto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tácticas de vivienda discriminatorias\u003c/a>, el resultado de décadas de políticas basadas en la segregación racial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leia, su madre, teme que el agua llegará con toda su furia a su puerta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me acuerdo de todos los lugares que no estaban listos”, dijo ella. “Como lo que pasó con [el hurac\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">án]\u003c/span> Katrina. Eso nos podría pasar en algunos años”.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Los vínculos del cambio climático\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>‘Uhilamoelangi emigró de Samoa junto a su esposo Senita (quien también lo conocen como ‘Papá Senter’) a mediados de la década de los 70 debido a que en ese entonces, los huracanes y tsunamis comenzaron a llegar con mayor frecuencia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Todo los isleños…nunca tenemos una conversación casual sobre la lluvia, las inundaciones”, explicó ella, y agregó, “Cada vez que llega un tsunami a nuestra isla, o cualquiera de las islas, todos nosotros sentimos una conexión y es muy emotivo”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero no fue hasta mediados de los años 2010 que ella entendió el vínculo entre estas tormentas tropicales y el calentamiento del planeta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yo no sabía lo que era el cambio climático”, dijo ‘Uhilamoelangi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Aquí puedes escuchar los reportajes que salieron en la radio de esta investigación, en inglés ","link1":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/9781a65a-2213-47f8-8203-ad1201221d2f/audio.mp3,Parte 1","link2":"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/eceb8c18-f067-4a06-97d7-ad13011a189e/audio.mp3,Parte 2"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Las inundaciones en el Este de Palo Alto, el clima extremo en Samoa y él aumento del nivel del mar, para ‘Uhilamoelangi, todo esto está conectado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ella logró entender cómo las inundaciones en el Este de Palo Alto, el clima extremo en Samoa y la subida del nivel del mar están todos interconectados luego de conocer a Violet Saena del grupo \u003ca href=\"https://www.acterra.org/climate-resilient-communities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Climate Resilient Communities\u003c/em>\u003c/a> (o las ‘Comunidades Resistentes al Clima’), el cual se dedica a proteger los residentes de la península que no están respresentandos en la crisis climática.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Puedo hacer preguntas que parezcan estúpidas, pero Violet siempre me da una respuesta “, dijo Mamá Dee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saena fue la primera en dirigir los esfuerzos para enfrentar el cambio climático en Samoa, creando el primer plan de resistencia del país . Cuando acompañó a su marido al Área de la Bahía, ella vio cómo esta comunidad también necesitaba entender más sobre este riesgo que se avecina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Con el apoyo de algunos estudiantes de Stanford, ella fue de puerta en puerta en el Este de Palo Alto, preguntando a los residentes qué sabían sobre los efectos del aumento del nivel del mar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Para mí, esto es algo fácil ya que soy una persona de color y porque vengo de la isla”, dijo ella. “Ellos ven eso y piensan, ‘Ah sí, ella es como nosotros’ “.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1974212\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1974212\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-1020x680-1.jpg\" alt=\"Violet Saena, directora ejecutiva del grupo 'Comunidades resistentes al clima' en el parque Cooley Landing del Este de Palo Alto.\" width=\"1020\" height=\"680\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-1020x680-1.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-1020x680-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-1020x680-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-1020x680-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Violet Saena, directora ejecutiva del grupo ‘Comunidades resistentes al clima’ en el parque Cooley Landing del Este de Palo Alto. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Algo que surgió a raíz de esas pláticas fue la creación de grupos climáticos comunitarios destinados a involucrar y educar a residentes en los planes de adaptación del Este de Palo Alto, así como a ayudarles en sus necesidades básicas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La gente quiere formar parte de “estrategias reales”, dijo Saena. “No sólo les interesa el dique. También quieren saber qué pueden hacer ellos mismos, como manejar cisternas de agua o sistemas de precipitación en sus jardines”, explicó.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ella reconoce que el número de residentes de bajos ingresos que necesitarán ayuda es alto. “No tendrán los medios para comprar otro carro si el que tienen lo pierden en una inundación. Entonces, ¿qué programas podemos desarrollar que puedan ayudar a todos?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Si toda el Área de la Bahía adoptara esta filosofía, la región podría ser mucho más resistente al cambio climático, afirma \u003ca href=\"https://www.elizabethallisonphd.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elizabeth Allison\u003c/a>, que estudia la intersección entre la religion y la ecología en el Instituto de Estudios Integrales de California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Creo que debemos adoptar una cierta especie de ética integral de cuidado cuando consideramos el cambio climático”, dijo ella. Esto incluye ser consciente de todo el planeta, incluyendo a las generaciones por venir “de la misma manera que nos importa nuestros vecinos, amistades y familiares”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Si queremos impedir otro desastre, ¿a dónde iremos?.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Appollonia Grey ‘Uhilamoelangi, o 'Mamá Dee', residente del Este de Palo Alto y líder comunitaria","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Este tipo de cuidado está en el corazón de \u003ca href=\"https://anamatangi.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Anamantangi Polynesian Voices\u003c/em>\u003c/a> (o ‘Voces polinesias anamantangi’), la organización creada por los ‘Uhilamoelangi, la cual provee asistencia a los inmigrantes recién llegados con escasos recursos. Esto incluye a la educación, algo que motiva mucho a la pareja.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Somos voluntarios de tiempo completo en los esfuerzos para detener el cambio climático”, dijo Mamá Dee, “si queremos impedir otro desastre, ¿a dónde iremos?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No escapando a otra localidad posiblemente más segura, dice ella. La pareja está decidida a quedarse en el Este de Palo Alto, pese a la doble amenaza de la subida del nivel del mar y la gentrificación. Se mantendrán firmes hasta el final.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Un semicírculo de protección\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Actualmente existe en desarrollo un proyecto para proteger parte del Este de Palo Alto: un nuevo dique que separaría un segmento de la ciudad y el arroyo de San Francisquito, el cual está conectado a la bahía.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Este proyecto, que ya lleva más de 20 años, comenzó luego de la inundación del 1998”, dijo el alcalde Carlos Romero, parado encima del dique con vista a un vecindario repleto de casas de una planta y calles repletas de carros. “Todo esto estaba inundado. Tenía amigos aquí que sus salas se llenaron con cuatro pies de agua”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teme que otra inundación arremeta contra el Este de Palo Alto, lo que podría devastar a la ciudad de la misma manera que le pasó a Nueva Orleáns luego del huracán Katrina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Si te fijas y miras por encima del dique, puedes ver que algunos de los techos están por debajo de ese dique”, dijo el alcalde, “básicamente sería una repetición de lo que le pasó al noveno distrito [de Nuevo Orleáns]”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1974213\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1974213\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-1020x764-1.jpg\" alt=\"El alcalde del Este de Palo Alto, Carlos Romero, con su bicicleta en el nuevo dique que rodea partes de su ciudad. Las casas a la izquierda se encuentran a un extremo de la ciudad y a la derecha hay un arroyo que conduce a la bahía.\" width=\"1020\" height=\"764\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-1020x764-1.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-1020x764-1-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-1020x764-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-1020x764-1-768x575.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">El alcalde del Este de Palo Alto, Carlos Romero, con su bicicleta en el nuevo dique que rodea partes de su ciudad. Las casas a la izquierda se encuentran a un extremo de la ciudad y a la derecha hay un arroyo que conduce a la bahía. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aparte de este nuevo dique, también existe la estructura de otra presa, pero esta es mucho más vieja y “ofrece un poco de protección, pero no mucho”, dijo Tess Byler, directora de proyecto con \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcjpa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>San Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. Ella maneja el programa encargado de proteger a la región de la subida del nivel del mar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La meta es completamente reemplazar el antiguo dique antes del 2030. Este proyecto se ha formalizado en el plan \u003cem>Strategy to Advance Flood Protection, Ecosystems and Recreation along San Francisco Bay\u003c/em> (o la Estrategia para Avanzar en la Protección Contra Inundaciones, Ecosistemas y Recreación a lo largo de la Bahía de San Francisco), mejor conocido como \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcjpa.org/safer-bay-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>SAFER Bay\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diseñado para soportar simultáneamente una inundación centenal, marea alta y hasta un aumento de 3.5 pies en el nivel del mar, este sistema de arcilla e ingeniería que también incluye pantanos y diques, llegará desde la frontera entre Redwood City y Menlo Park en el norte hasta el límite entre Palo Alto y Mountain View en el sur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En total, este sistema tendrá que contener una proyección adicional de 10 pies en el promedio actual de la altura máxima del agua.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Este proyecto se divide en nueve fases, con la primera abarcando Menlo Park y el Este de Palo Alto. La finalización del tramo inicial, prevista para 2024, protegerá cerca de mil 600 inmuebles, la mayoría de las viviendas del Este de Palo Alto cerca de las ciénagas gestionadas por el Servicio de Pesca y Vida Silvestre de los Estados Unidos. En Menlo Park, el plan propone restaurar más de 550 acres de estanques de sal y pantanos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Para lograr formar un círculo de protección en torno a esta parte de la bahía se necesitará cooperación y los fondos de varios propietarios privados y gubernamentales tan diversos como Caltrans, Facebook, varias empresas de servicios públicos y municipios, dice Byler, agregando que también hay que tomar en cuenta la fauna con estatus especial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hay varios factores que debemos considerar, por ejemplo, las cosas que no podemos ver, como el posicionamiento de los sistemas de alcantarillado, y las cosas que sí podemos ver como las torres eléctricas”, explicó ella. “Y además debemos de ser conscientes de proteger el marjal que es hogar de muchas maravillosas especies de aves y animales”, dijo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Más en español ","tag":"kqed-en-espanol"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Todavía falta mucho que se debe resolver, dice Byler, incluyendo decidir quién va a construir los diques y cómo se va a limpiar la contaminación de arsénico en la tierra, los restos de una vieja planta procesadora de residuos peligrosos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aún así, ella está segura que el proyecto seguirá adelante, no sólo por el amplio compromiso de la comunidad, pero también porque muchas entidades parecen estar trabajando juntas, pero quizás no todas a la misma velocidad. Ella dice que fondos estatales podrían ayudar a completar el presupuesto para el proyecto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ya tenemos los fondos para el Este de Palo Alto, entonces ese será nuestra primer prioridad”, dijo ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero el sistema de diques es tan solo una solución de ámbito reducido. Para proteger la infraestructura crítica del Área de la Bahía como la autopista 101 se requerirá un enfoque regional que involucre a cada condado de la región, afirma \u003ca href=\"https://oneshoreline.org/staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Len Materman\u003c/a>, director ejecutivo de la dependencia \u003cem>San Mateo County Flood and Sea Level Rise Resiliency District\u003c/em> (o el ‘Distrito para la Resistencia a las Inundaciones y la Subida del Nivel del Mar del Condado de San Mateo’).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aún no lo logramos, todos los nueve condados”, dijo él e indicó, “cuanto antes se incorporen todos, mejor”.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Una reacción en cadena\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Una razón por la cual funcionarios y líderes comunitarios les interesa incluir a toda el Área de la Bahía cuando hablan de soluciones a la crisis climática es que lo que ocurre en el Este de Palo Alto no se va a quedar sólo en esa localidad. Una catástrofe aquí provocará una reacción en cadena la cual podría impactar a millones de habitantes en decenas de ciudades, poniendo en mayor riesgo a quienes viven cerca de la costa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La casa de la familia Grewe, ubicada en una zona de alto riesgo, está situada a la misma altura por encima del nivel del mar, que las salidas y entradas del puente Dumbarton. Si se inundaran estas secciones del puente, una de las arterias de transporte más importantes del sur y el este de la Bahía fallaría, y el sistema de transporte vial de la región se podría convertir rápidamente en un caos total.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/2KTNaQmeCxY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/2KTNaQmeCxY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Un vídeo publicado originalmente por la dependencia del agua del valle de Santa Clara que demuestra varios momentos durante la inundación que afectó al Este de Palo Alto luego de que el arroyo de San Francisquito se desbordara.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lo mismo podría ocurrir para las cadenas de distribución de agua y combustible y las redes de electricidad y comunicaciones, dijo Mark Stacey, un ingeniero ambiental con la Universidad de California en Berkeley. Él explica que el Área de la Bahía es un ecosistema interconectado y que cada rompeolas, cada dique, cada cambio a la costa de la bahía podría tener un gran impacto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En el Este de Palo Alto, una inundación podría provocar una serie de crisis a lo largo de la región.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A medida que nosotros transformamos nuestras costas o a medida que nuestras costas son transformadas por la subida del nivel del mar, las dinámicas de las corrientes en la bahía cambian también”, dijo Stacey. “Cambios a nivel local en el litoral pueden tener impactos regionales en el nivel del mar”, indicó.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"A medida que distintas comunidades fortalecen sus riberas ante la subida del nivel del mar, las corrientes por venir rebotarán en contra de estos rompeolas. Cuando esto ocurre, la fuerza de estas mismas corrientes irá creciendo en otras partes de la bahía.","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Cuando las corrientes marinas entran del Pacífico a la bahía de San Francisco, la desembocadura más grande en la costa oeste, a veces se dispersan a lo largo de los humedales que se encuentran en varios puntos de la bahía y en otras ocasiones suman al nivel del mar cuando rebotan contra los rompeolas ubicados junto la costa, dice Stacey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A medida que distintas comunidades fortalecen sus riberas ante la subida del nivel del mar, las corrientes por venir rebotarán en contra de estos rompeolas. Cuando esto ocurre, la fuerza de estas mismas corrientes irá creciendo en otras partes de la bahía y formaría un ciclo de acción y reacción que podría sumar unas pulgadas adicionales al nivel del mar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millones de residentes del Área de la Bahía se podrían ver afectados por esto. El sur de la bahía, donde se encuentra el Este de Palo Alto, es la zona más vulnerable a este fenómeno de “amplificación”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica Fain, directora de planeación para la oficina Bay Conservation and Development Commission (en español, la ‘Comisión de Conservación y Desarrollo de la Bahía’ o BCDC por sus siglas en inglés), dice que el Este de Palo Alto es el punto óptimo para abordar en un solo lugar todos los retos relacionados al aumento del nivel del mar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aquí se unen todos los puntos”, dijo ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1974220\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1974220\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-1020x680-1.jpg\" alt=\"Una imagen aérea tomada por un drone del puente Dumbarton cerca de la costa del Este de Palo Alto.\" width=\"1020\" height=\"680\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-1020x680-1.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-1020x680-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-1020x680-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-1020x680-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Una imagen aérea tomada por un drone del puente Dumbarton cerca de la costa del Este de Palo Alto. \u003ccite>(JJ Harris - Techboogie/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Detrás de la estrategia regional que Fain está ayudando a diseñar, llamada \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayadapt.org/\">\u003cem>Bay Adapt\u003c/em>\u003c/a> (o ‘la Bahía se adapta’), está la convicción de que el aumento del nivel del mar afectará a cada aspecto de la vida. La función original de la dependencia no incluía responder al aumento del nivel del mar pero ha evolucionado para formar nexos entre ciudades, condados, negocios y la gente.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entre las herramientas a la disposición de la BCDC, existen por ejemplo las subvenciones que pueden incluir lineamientos para alentar el cumplimiento de las metas regionales. O también pueden recaudar apoyo para fomentar los buenos proyectos y rechazar aquellos que no son útiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pero todavía no llegamos a ese punto”, dijo Fain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Sin mencionar la situación del COVID-19, el [cambio climático] es la crisis número uno que estamos enfrentando ahora.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Julio García, miembro de 'Nuestra Casa'","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Lo que le falta es la autoridad para forzar a ciudades y condados a coordinar su programa de diques y otras soluciones. Por ahora, la BCDC está trabajando con grupos comunitarios por toda el Área de la Bahía para seguir desarrollando un compromiso con las metas de la dependencia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uno de estos grupos es ‘\u003ca href=\"https://nuestracasa.org/es/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nuestra Casa\u003c/a>‘ en el Este de Palo Alto. Julio García dirige clases, talleres y grupos de sondeo para asegurar que se escuche la voz de los residentes en el proceso en que se forman los planes de la BCDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sin mencionar la situación del COVID-19, el [cambio climático] es la crisis número uno que estamos enfrentando ahora”, dijo García. “Como una comunidad de personas de color, como personas que trabajan, esto es algo muy importante. Porque si las casas comienzan a inundarse, ¿a donde nos vamos a ir?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La familia Grewe forman parte de este grupo, donde Heleine enseña una clase de justicia ambiental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“En verdad me encantaría si más ciudades aledañas se unieran para proteger a nuestra pequeña ciudad”, dijo Leía Grewe, durante una junta reciente del grupo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lo que le preocupa a García, y también a Heleine y Leía, es que si se extienden los marjales con el fin de proteger a las zonas residenciales, esto podría resultar en que suba el costo de la vivienda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tendremos que mudarnos a Stockton, a Sacramento”, dijo Leía. “Y detesto eso porque cuando te pones a pensar en el Este de Palo Alto, tenemos a muchos familiares que no pueden regresar. Una propiedad aquí ya está fuera de su alcance”, agregó.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Con 27 años de edad, Antonio López es el concejal más joven del Este de San José y él dice que entiende la preocupación que siente la familia Grewe acerca del aburguesamiento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1974216\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1020px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1974216\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-1020x765-1.jpg\" alt=\"Antonio López, concejal de la ciudad del Este de Palo Alto, se recarga sobre un barendal cerca del arroyo de San Francisquito.\" width=\"1020\" height=\"765\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-1020x765-1.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-1020x765-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-1020x765-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-1020x765-1-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Antonio López, concejal de la ciudad del Este de Palo Alto, se recarga sobre un barendal cerca del arroyo de San Francisquito. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Nosotros quienes trabajamos con la ciudad luchamos para que tú puedas seguir aquí y que se escuche tu voz”, dijo él y mantiene que “los diques tan sólo son un símbolo de que todavía tenemos una oportunidad de permanecer aquí”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>López guarda una fotografía del arroyo de San Francisquito en su teléfono móvil, la cual demuestra un momento cuando el arroyo, de color café se desbordó, llegando a una pulgada por debajo de las calles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En el mismo lugar que se tomó esta foto ahora existe un dique verde de acero que abraza la figura del arroyo, una \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcjpa.org/reach-1-downstream-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sección del proyecto\u003c/a> fue completada por \u003cem>San Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority\u003c/em> en el 2019. En colaboración con esta dependencia, la ciudad del Este de Palo Alto amplió el arroyo, reconstruyó los salares y desarrolló un dique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contemplando la foto, “veo la ansiedad causada por las inundaciones, pero también veo una oportunidad y un recordatorio de dónde tenemos que estar”, dijo López.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este artículo fue traducido por el periodista, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/ccabreralomeli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí \u003c/a>y editado por la periodista \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/soytapatia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">María Peña\u003c/a> del equipo de \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/kqedenespanol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED en Español\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1974191/que-puede-hacer-el-area-de-la-bahia-ante-el-aumento-del-nivel-del-mar-el-este-de-palo-alto-ya-esta-proponiendo-algunas-soluciones","authors":["11608","11746"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_4550","science_40","science_2873","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_194","science_1461","science_2943","science_5184","science_843","science_1155","science_206"],"featImg":"science_1974227","label":"source_science_1974191"},"science_1957391":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1957391","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1957391","score":null,"sort":[1582574065000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"oh-snap-hear-the-big-noise-tiny-shrimp-make-in-the-ocean","title":"Oh, Snap! Hear the Big Noise Tiny Shrimp Make in the Ocean","publishDate":1582574065,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Oh, Snap! Hear the Big Noise Tiny Shrimp Make in the Ocean | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>You may think it’s quiet in the ocean, but a tiny creature is raising quite a ruckus as ocean temperatures rise. New research presented at this year’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.agu.org/Ocean-Sciences-Meeting/\">Ocean Sciences Meeting\u003c/a> in San Diego says the oceans may be getting louder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s because of shrimp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean’s acoustic environment has been drawing a lot of attention as scientists learn that many of its inhabitants use sound to communicate. Whale songs and dolphin squeals have captivated audiences of nature documentaries and animated films, but fish and invertebrates also signal one another with sound in the ocean waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snapping shrimp — over 300 species of them — live in coastal oceans all around the world. These shrimp may be some of the smallest critters in coral reefs, and they’re also some of the loudest. Generally less than an inch long, these tiny crustaceans snap their claws fast to create air bubbles that implode with a \u003cem>pop\u003c/em>! With these sounds, snapping shrimp communicate with each other and defend their territory. The combined snaps from shrimp colonies create a cacophony that divers and submarine crews can easily hear. You can hear the sound, which is reminiscent of spattering rain or fying bacon, by \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/snapping-shrimp-noises-online-audio-converter.com_.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">clicking here\u003c/a> or on the audio link at the top of the article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pumping Up the Volume in Warmer Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts, marine biologists Aran Mooney and Ashlee Lillis have studied snapping shrimp on coral reefs in the Atlantic Ocean and in the lab. They’ve \u003ca href=\"http://(https://agu.confex.com/agu/osm20/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/651501\">examined\u003c/a> how shrimp, individually and in groups, change their tune at different temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found, both in terms of observing the coral reefs and with animals in the lab, that if you increase temperature in the water, these snapping shrimp have increased their snap rates and the oceans actually get louder,” Mooney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s likely because these animals become more active in warmer water. The heat likely increases their need to communicate with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mooney’s experiments showed that changing the temperature from 70 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit nearly doubled the snap rate. As the temperature increased by one degree Celsius, the noise level rose by 1-2 decibels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That pumps up the volume for other marine animals, said Annebelle Kok, a marine ecologist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego. “I was very impressed by this work,” she said, noting the originality and creativity of the researchers’ approach to studying warming oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As ocean temperatures continue to rise, Mooney said, the shrimp symphony could cause problems for other communications under the sea. “We know that fish hear, but we really don’t understand that for most species of fish, especially really important commercial species of fish,” he said. “And so increasing this level of noise … we really don’t understand how that would impact these fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other species also rely on underwater sound to gather information, as do commercial fishermen and the U.S. Navy, which use sonar equipment that the constant background noise from chattering shrimp could interrupt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noisier oceans could also cause problems for marine biologists. “If this really is a wider pattern and the oceans continue to warm,” Kok said, “then that might mean that it will be more difficult for people to extract other sounds from the soundscape, such as dolphin sounds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s too early to say if this applies to other parts of the ocean,” Kok said. She’s looking forward to reviewing further research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"You may think it’s quiet in the ocean, but a tiny creature is raising quite a ruckus as ocean temperatures rise. New research presented at this year’s Ocean Sciences Meeting in San Diego says the oceans may be getting louder --because of shrimp.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847749,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":613},"headData":{"title":"Oh, Snap! Hear the Big Noise Tiny Shrimp Make in the Ocean | KQED","description":"You may think it’s quiet in the ocean, but a tiny creature is raising quite a ruckus as ocean temperatures rise. New research presented at this year’s Ocean Sciences Meeting in San Diego says the oceans may be getting louder --because of shrimp.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Oceans","audioUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/snapping-shrimp-noises-online-audio-converter.com_.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1957391/oh-snap-hear-the-big-noise-tiny-shrimp-make-in-the-ocean","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You may think it’s quiet in the ocean, but a tiny creature is raising quite a ruckus as ocean temperatures rise. New research presented at this year’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.agu.org/Ocean-Sciences-Meeting/\">Ocean Sciences Meeting\u003c/a> in San Diego says the oceans may be getting louder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s because of shrimp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean’s acoustic environment has been drawing a lot of attention as scientists learn that many of its inhabitants use sound to communicate. Whale songs and dolphin squeals have captivated audiences of nature documentaries and animated films, but fish and invertebrates also signal one another with sound in the ocean waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snapping shrimp — over 300 species of them — live in coastal oceans all around the world. These shrimp may be some of the smallest critters in coral reefs, and they’re also some of the loudest. Generally less than an inch long, these tiny crustaceans snap their claws fast to create air bubbles that implode with a \u003cem>pop\u003c/em>! With these sounds, snapping shrimp communicate with each other and defend their territory. The combined snaps from shrimp colonies create a cacophony that divers and submarine crews can easily hear. You can hear the sound, which is reminiscent of spattering rain or fying bacon, by \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/snapping-shrimp-noises-online-audio-converter.com_.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">clicking here\u003c/a> or on the audio link at the top of the article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pumping Up the Volume in Warmer Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts, marine biologists Aran Mooney and Ashlee Lillis have studied snapping shrimp on coral reefs in the Atlantic Ocean and in the lab. They’ve \u003ca href=\"http://(https://agu.confex.com/agu/osm20/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/651501\">examined\u003c/a> how shrimp, individually and in groups, change their tune at different temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found, both in terms of observing the coral reefs and with animals in the lab, that if you increase temperature in the water, these snapping shrimp have increased their snap rates and the oceans actually get louder,” Mooney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s likely because these animals become more active in warmer water. The heat likely increases their need to communicate with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mooney’s experiments showed that changing the temperature from 70 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit nearly doubled the snap rate. As the temperature increased by one degree Celsius, the noise level rose by 1-2 decibels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That pumps up the volume for other marine animals, said Annebelle Kok, a marine ecologist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego. “I was very impressed by this work,” she said, noting the originality and creativity of the researchers’ approach to studying warming oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As ocean temperatures continue to rise, Mooney said, the shrimp symphony could cause problems for other communications under the sea. “We know that fish hear, but we really don’t understand that for most species of fish, especially really important commercial species of fish,” he said. “And so increasing this level of noise … we really don’t understand how that would impact these fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other species also rely on underwater sound to gather information, as do commercial fishermen and the U.S. Navy, which use sonar equipment that the constant background noise from chattering shrimp could interrupt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noisier oceans could also cause problems for marine biologists. “If this really is a wider pattern and the oceans continue to warm,” Kok said, “then that might mean that it will be more difficult for people to extract other sounds from the soundscape, such as dolphin sounds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s too early to say if this applies to other parts of the ocean,” Kok said. She’s looking forward to reviewing further research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1957391/oh-snap-hear-the-big-noise-tiny-shrimp-make-in-the-ocean","authors":["11653"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_40","science_3423"],"tags":["science_1461","science_2409","science_324"],"featImg":"science_1957403","label":"source_science_1957391"},"science_1948486":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1948486","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1948486","score":null,"sort":[1570206116000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-hotter-mojave-desert-means-a-lot-fewer-birds-how-we-know-and-why","title":"Century-Old Records Show Bird Species Have Seriously Declined in a Hotter Mojave Desert","publishDate":1570206116,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Century-Old Records Show Bird Species Have Seriously Declined in a Hotter Mojave Desert | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>It’s easy to imagine deserts as barren landscapes. Hot, punishing and absent of life. When we do think of life in the desert, it’s often cacti, snakes or other reptiles that come to mind. But turn your attention skyward, you’ll see birds play a role in desert ecosystems as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]A new study finds climate change has caused a decline in the populations of 39 bird species compared to those surveyed by groundbreaking field biologist Joseph Grinnell. The common raven was the only species whose population increased over the last century.[/pullquote]Desert birds help pollinate flowers and disperse seeds, control insect outbreaks, and keep rodent populations in check. They also fill the silence with the sound of their calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As UC Berkeley ecologist Steven Beissinger puts it: “A desert without birds is half empty. A desert without birds is a quiet place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 15 years, Beissinger and his colleagues at Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology have been\u003ca href=\"http://mvz.berkeley.edu/Grinnell/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> studying changes\u003c/a> in wildlife populations across California’s diverse landscapes. Their research found that nearly 30 percent of the 135 bird species that once flourished in the Mojave Desert have suffered significant declines over the past century. And more than 40 percent fewer species were observed, on average, across individual fields sites when compared with surveys from the museum’s archives — meaning even more birds have disappeared in pockets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/09/30/1908791116\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> published this week in \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/em> links the disappearance of Mojave’s desert birds to heat stress from climate change, and helps explain why some species are more vulnerable than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mojave occupies nearly 50,000 square miles, mostly in southeastern California and Nevada, and it’s considered to be North America’s driest desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948511\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948511\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_5-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_5-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_5-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_5-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_5-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_5-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_5-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_5.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunrise in the Mojave Desert, where average temperatures have increased roughly 2 degrees Celsius over the last century. \u003ccite>(Eric Riddell/UC Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the last 100 years, average temperatures in the Mojave have risen about 2 degrees Celsius. The extra heat means birds require more water to keep their core body temperatures low enough to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Simply put, what we’ve found is that birds don’t have enough water to keep themselves cool anymore,” said Eric Riddell, a physiological ecologist at UC Berkeley and the study’s lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not all species were affected equally. The American kestrel, prairie falcon, western meadowlark and violet-green swallow were among those whose populations have declined most. Populations of canyon wren, verdin, blue-gray gnatcatcher and ruby-crowned kinglet were more stable. The common raven was the only species whose population increased over the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Water Needed = Bigger Decline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds lower their temperature through a process of evaporative cooling, akin to perspiration in humans. But instead of sweating moisture, birds expel it in their breath. As they breath, moisture evaporates off their throats, releasing excess body heat and cooling them down. This cooling can be sped up by panting (similar to dogs) or vibrating their throat muscles in a gesture called gular fluttering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Riddell says different species need different amounts of water to meet the demands of evaporative cooling. This need for water is determined by characteristics like size, shape, feather density and color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948513\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948513\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_10-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_10-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_10-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_10-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_10-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_10-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_10-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_10.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A violet-green swallow in the California desert. Larger insectivores have been hit hard by hotter conditions in the Mojave. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sean Peterson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In general, Riddell says, larger birds will need more water to keep cool, as will darker birds, whose feathers absorb more heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand the relationship between climate change and bird decline, Riddell created computational models, or “virtual birds,” to measure how the water demand of different species changed with the temperature increases of the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we found was that the more water that a certain species needed to cool off, the more that that species has declined over the last hundred years,” Riddell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the species most affected were the larger insectivores and carnivorous birds, like hawks and raptors, which get most of their water not by drinking, but from what they eat. And those types of birds have particularly high cooling requirements, Riddell says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In hotter climates, these species will need to eat more to stay cool. An insectivore, for example, might need to catch 70 more bugs per day to fulfill its water demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948490\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948490\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_12-800x618.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"618\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_12-800x618.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_12-160x124.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_12-768x593.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_12-1020x788.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_12-1200x927.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_12-1920x1482.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An increased need to hunt means some birds will face more exposure to the hotter climate. \u003ccite>(Eric Riddell/UC Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The increased need to hunt and forage means these species must expel more energy and face even more exposure to sun and heat. The end result is heat stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riddell say birds that rely on seeds for their diet typically get their water by drinking from springs or pools found in desert oases. While the Mojave has been getting drier with climate change, the continued presence of at least some surface water appears to have mitigated population declines in certain herbivore species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What 100 Year-Old Field Notes Tell Us\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riddell and Beissinger say the insights gained from their research would not be possible without the work of groundbreaking field biologist \u003ca href=\"http://mvz.berkeley.edu/Grinnell.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joseph Grinnell\u003c/a>, the first director of Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, who headed the institution from 1908 until his death in 1939. Surveys of birds and mammals conducted by Grinnell and his colleagues, along with meticulously kept field field notes, have given researchers a baseline from which to measure changes over the past century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beissinger says he recognizes this cache as a “rare opportunity,” considering how many climate change studies must rely on data just three or four decades old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These field notebooks would be sort of like an (inventory) of what life was like in California and the West,” Beissigner said. “[Grinnell] recognized that the value of this would likely, as he wrote, not be known for a century … and that the student of the future would have an opportunity to see what the original faunal conditions were like in California. And we were that student of the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riddell says that a lot of climate change research is focused on forecasting the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we sit around and we talk about the effects of climate change, we’re often focused on the future, and we rarely think about what’s happened in the last hundred years,” he said. “We think that these birds are going to experience this in the future. This sort of lethal wall that they can’t get past and they’re all going to essentially drop from the sky. But what our research has shown is that even the climate change that’s already occurred is too hot for these birds and too much for them to deal with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal, Riddell says, is to better understand how and why climate change is affecting bird and other wildlife populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riddell says some birds may be able to adapt. For example, there’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/114/49/12976\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence to suggest\u003c/a> that some species may be shifting their nesting periods to earlier in the year in response to warming temperatures.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting smaller is another way birds can combat heat stress. Smaller birds, Riddell says, will need less water to keep themselves cool. But, he says, there’s a limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found, depending on the climate scenario, that birds would have to shrink by as much as 35 to 50 percent over the next century, which is just not possible.” With deserts getting hotter and desert-like conditions becoming more common in western North America, he expects bird populations will continue to decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that means that when we go out to the Mojave or Joshua Tree or the Sonoran Desert, that over the next century we can expect to see far fewer birds as we’re walking around in the desert environment.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Over the past century, 39 species of birds in the Mojave Desert have suffered major population declines. A new study links the disappearance of desert birds to heat stress from climate change.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704848268,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1350},"headData":{"title":"Century-Old Records Show Bird Species Have Seriously Declined in a Hotter Mojave Desert | KQED","description":"Over the past century, 39 species of birds in the Mojave Desert have suffered major population declines. A new study links the disappearance of desert birds to heat stress from climate change.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Climate","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1948486/a-hotter-mojave-desert-means-a-lot-fewer-birds-how-we-know-and-why","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s easy to imagine deserts as barren landscapes. Hot, punishing and absent of life. When we do think of life in the desert, it’s often cacti, snakes or other reptiles that come to mind. But turn your attention skyward, you’ll see birds play a role in desert ecosystems as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"A new study finds climate change has caused a decline in the populations of 39 bird species compared to those surveyed by groundbreaking field biologist Joseph Grinnell. The common raven was the only species whose population increased over the last century.","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Desert birds help pollinate flowers and disperse seeds, control insect outbreaks, and keep rodent populations in check. They also fill the silence with the sound of their calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As UC Berkeley ecologist Steven Beissinger puts it: “A desert without birds is half empty. A desert without birds is a quiet place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 15 years, Beissinger and his colleagues at Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology have been\u003ca href=\"http://mvz.berkeley.edu/Grinnell/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> studying changes\u003c/a> in wildlife populations across California’s diverse landscapes. Their research found that nearly 30 percent of the 135 bird species that once flourished in the Mojave Desert have suffered significant declines over the past century. And more than 40 percent fewer species were observed, on average, across individual fields sites when compared with surveys from the museum’s archives — meaning even more birds have disappeared in pockets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/09/30/1908791116\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> published this week in \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/em> links the disappearance of Mojave’s desert birds to heat stress from climate change, and helps explain why some species are more vulnerable than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mojave occupies nearly 50,000 square miles, mostly in southeastern California and Nevada, and it’s considered to be North America’s driest desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948511\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948511\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_5-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_5-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_5-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_5-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_5-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_5-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_5-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_5.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunrise in the Mojave Desert, where average temperatures have increased roughly 2 degrees Celsius over the last century. \u003ccite>(Eric Riddell/UC Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the last 100 years, average temperatures in the Mojave have risen about 2 degrees Celsius. The extra heat means birds require more water to keep their core body temperatures low enough to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Simply put, what we’ve found is that birds don’t have enough water to keep themselves cool anymore,” said Eric Riddell, a physiological ecologist at UC Berkeley and the study’s lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not all species were affected equally. The American kestrel, prairie falcon, western meadowlark and violet-green swallow were among those whose populations have declined most. Populations of canyon wren, verdin, blue-gray gnatcatcher and ruby-crowned kinglet were more stable. The common raven was the only species whose population increased over the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Water Needed = Bigger Decline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds lower their temperature through a process of evaporative cooling, akin to perspiration in humans. But instead of sweating moisture, birds expel it in their breath. As they breath, moisture evaporates off their throats, releasing excess body heat and cooling them down. This cooling can be sped up by panting (similar to dogs) or vibrating their throat muscles in a gesture called gular fluttering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Riddell says different species need different amounts of water to meet the demands of evaporative cooling. This need for water is determined by characteristics like size, shape, feather density and color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948513\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948513\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_10-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_10-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_10-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_10-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_10-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_10-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_10-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_10.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A violet-green swallow in the California desert. Larger insectivores have been hit hard by hotter conditions in the Mojave. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Sean Peterson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In general, Riddell says, larger birds will need more water to keep cool, as will darker birds, whose feathers absorb more heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand the relationship between climate change and bird decline, Riddell created computational models, or “virtual birds,” to measure how the water demand of different species changed with the temperature increases of the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we found was that the more water that a certain species needed to cool off, the more that that species has declined over the last hundred years,” Riddell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the species most affected were the larger insectivores and carnivorous birds, like hawks and raptors, which get most of their water not by drinking, but from what they eat. And those types of birds have particularly high cooling requirements, Riddell says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In hotter climates, these species will need to eat more to stay cool. An insectivore, for example, might need to catch 70 more bugs per day to fulfill its water demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948490\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948490\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_12-800x618.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"618\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_12-800x618.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_12-160x124.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_12-768x593.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_12-1020x788.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_12-1200x927.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_12-1920x1482.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An increased need to hunt means some birds will face more exposure to the hotter climate. \u003ccite>(Eric Riddell/UC Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The increased need to hunt and forage means these species must expel more energy and face even more exposure to sun and heat. The end result is heat stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riddell say birds that rely on seeds for their diet typically get their water by drinking from springs or pools found in desert oases. While the Mojave has been getting drier with climate change, the continued presence of at least some surface water appears to have mitigated population declines in certain herbivore species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What 100 Year-Old Field Notes Tell Us\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riddell and Beissinger say the insights gained from their research would not be possible without the work of groundbreaking field biologist \u003ca href=\"http://mvz.berkeley.edu/Grinnell.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joseph Grinnell\u003c/a>, the first director of Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, who headed the institution from 1908 until his death in 1939. Surveys of birds and mammals conducted by Grinnell and his colleagues, along with meticulously kept field field notes, have given researchers a baseline from which to measure changes over the past century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beissinger says he recognizes this cache as a “rare opportunity,” considering how many climate change studies must rely on data just three or four decades old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These field notebooks would be sort of like an (inventory) of what life was like in California and the West,” Beissigner said. “[Grinnell] recognized that the value of this would likely, as he wrote, not be known for a century … and that the student of the future would have an opportunity to see what the original faunal conditions were like in California. And we were that student of the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riddell says that a lot of climate change research is focused on forecasting the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we sit around and we talk about the effects of climate change, we’re often focused on the future, and we rarely think about what’s happened in the last hundred years,” he said. “We think that these birds are going to experience this in the future. This sort of lethal wall that they can’t get past and they’re all going to essentially drop from the sky. But what our research has shown is that even the climate change that’s already occurred is too hot for these birds and too much for them to deal with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal, Riddell says, is to better understand how and why climate change is affecting bird and other wildlife populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riddell says some birds may be able to adapt. For example, there’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/114/49/12976\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence to suggest\u003c/a> that some species may be shifting their nesting periods to earlier in the year in response to warming temperatures.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting smaller is another way birds can combat heat stress. Smaller birds, Riddell says, will need less water to keep themselves cool. But, he says, there’s a limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found, depending on the climate scenario, that birds would have to shrink by as much as 35 to 50 percent over the next century, which is just not possible.” With deserts getting hotter and desert-like conditions becoming more common in western North America, he expects bird populations will continue to decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that means that when we go out to the Mojave or Joshua Tree or the Sonoran Desert, that over the next century we can expect to see far fewer birds as we’re walking around in the desert environment.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1948486/a-hotter-mojave-desert-means-a-lot-fewer-birds-how-we-know-and-why","authors":["11368"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_31","science_35","science_40","science_98"],"tags":["science_163","science_194","science_1461","science_4203","science_3370","science_438"],"featImg":"science_1948488","label":"source_science_1948486"},"science_1915608":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1915608","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1915608","score":null,"sort":[1505718084000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californians-must-change-thinking-to-meet-challenge-of-rising-seas-says-author","title":"Californians Must Change Thinking to Meet Challenge of Rising Seas, Says Author","publishDate":1505718084,"format":"audio","headTitle":"Californians Must Change Thinking to Meet Challenge of Rising Seas, Says Author | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The repeated scenes of flooded streets and half-submerged homes this month have literally brought the issue of rising seas home to millions of people along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts. The threat is no less real here on the West Coast, as marine scientist Gary Griggs points out in his new book, “Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs, who for 26 years, headed the UC Santa Cruz Institute of Marine Sciences, has advised state and local governments in California to plan for:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>6 inches of sea rise by 2030\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>12 inches by 2050, and\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>36 inches (3 feet) by 2100\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Griggs spoke with KQED Science Editor Craig Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Craig Miller: Let’s put that in some perspective, because this seems to be the problem with trying to get people to engage with sea level rise — that it is a sort of slow-motion train wreck. Six inches by 2030 might not sound like a lot. What would that actually look like in a place like the Bay Area?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I will say boldly that sea level rise is going to be the biggest challenge human civilization has ever faced.’\u003ccite>Gary Griggs, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Gary Griggs: There are places now that are already what has been called nuisance flooding, but it’s really high tides: these El Niños, when sea level can rise a foot or two over two or three month at a time, or a king tide when it can be six inches or so higher than normal, or the combination of storm waves and high tides. The sea level is a ramp that all these are on top of, so everything’s going to get progressively worse as we go on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: I find it interesting that you say “progressively,” because seas are rising faster now than they used to.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: Yeah. The last century was, along the California coast, maybe seven or eight inches. Right now, the rate is just about twice that high. The last 20-plus years we’ve been measuring sea level from space through satellites. Previously, it was done by averaging global tide gauges, and some of those the land is going up, some of those it’s going down. Now that we’re measuring it very precisely from space, which takes out the land component, the rates are maybe 13 and-a-half inches per century, or roughly twice as fast as it was, say in the last century. That’s significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915668\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2550px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1915668 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg\" alt=\"Map shows estimated extend of flooding with 16-and-55 inches of sea rise.\" width=\"2550\" height=\"3300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg 2550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-160x207.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-800x1035.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-768x994.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1020x1320.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1920x2485.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1180x1527.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-960x1242.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-240x311.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-375x485.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-520x673.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2550px) 100vw, 2550px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map shows estimated extent of flooding around San Francisco Bay with 16-and-55 inches of sea rise. \u003ccite>(BCDC via UC Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: Okay, so we now have Miami, where people are wading around certain streets, not just after Hurricane Irma but anytime there’s a high tide. How long before that’s the case on the Embarcadero in San Francisco?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: We could see much more problematic conditions by 2030, in 10 or 15 years. But again we’re on this curve, and the rate of increase is not completely known. What’s going to happen to Antarctica — which is where the biggest amount of potential rise is — where you have these massive glaciers or ice sheets, but they’re held in place by these floating ice shelves. They’re starting to crack and break loose. That then, is like taking the cork out of the champagne bottle, so a big pulse could happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: The Bay Area may be the exception. We’ve seen some ambitious initiatives, and even a new tax recently, to prepare for encroaching seas. But do you think that Northern California as a whole is paying enough attention to this threat?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’ve got to start acting now. We have to start acting collectively, because I think our entire human future depends on it.’\u003ccite>Gary Griggs, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Griggs: You know, as I look around the country and I see what’s happening in places like Florida, North Carolina, where you either outlaw it or don’t talk about it, I’d say we’re way ahead. I think the fact that that tax passed [Measure AA in 2016] is a good indication of people’s awareness and concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think talking about it is one thing, and getting something done is a much bigger step. The Bay has somewhere between 400 and 500 miles of shoreline. What many people don’t realize is, from the Golden Gate all the way to Sacramento — which is sea level because Sacramento’s an ocean port — it’s 100 miles inland. So not only is the Embarcadero a problem, but we’ve got a problem 100 miles inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: Well, there’s a lot of critical infrastructure — airports, freeways, treatment plants — sitting almost right at sea level, with no place to move them really. What do we do about those? Are we looking at a future of ever rising sea walls?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: You know, that’s the solution we’ve used in the short term. I think if you look at something like San Francisco International or Oakland, they weren’t thinking about sea level rise. You can imagine a levee or a wall for a while, but at some point that doesn’t work anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915609\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 667px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1915609\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis.jpeg\" alt=\"Griggs' book, "Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge," takes on multiple threats to coastal regions, including sea rise, seismic threats, and pollution.\" width=\"667\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis.jpeg 667w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-240x360.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-375x562.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-520x780.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Griggs’ book, “Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge,” takes on multiple threats to coastal regions, including sea rise, seismic threats, and pollution. \u003ccite>(UC Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We also have most of our power plants around the Bay which are right at sea level, to pump in cold sea water for cooling. Those are not a parking lot or a bike trail, they are multi-million dollar facilities, and there are dozens and dozens of those. I will say boldly that sea level rise is going to be the biggest challenge human civilization has ever faced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: If there’s one big takeaway from your book that you want to get out there, what would it be?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: We’ve got to start acting now. We have to start acting collectively, because I think our entire human future depends on it. I think traditionally what we’ve done — and we’re still doing now — is, whenever a conflict comes up, we draw a line and you get on that side and I get on this side and we punch it out. I think what we have to do is come to the realization finally that it’s a circle and we’re all inside of it.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The recent repeated scenes of flooded streets and half-submerged homes have literally brought the issue of rising seas home to millions of people along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts. The threat is no less real here on the West Coast, as marine scientist Gary Griggs points out in his new book, \"Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge.\"","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704928382,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":1140},"headData":{"title":"Californians Must Change Thinking to Meet Challenge of Rising Seas, Says Author | KQED","description":"The recent repeated scenes of flooded streets and half-submerged homes have literally brought the issue of rising seas home to millions of people along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts. The threat is no less real here on the West Coast, as marine scientist Gary Griggs points out in his new book, "Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge."","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/10/CoastsinCrisis.mp3","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1915608/californians-must-change-thinking-to-meet-challenge-of-rising-seas-says-author","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The repeated scenes of flooded streets and half-submerged homes this month have literally brought the issue of rising seas home to millions of people along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts. The threat is no less real here on the West Coast, as marine scientist Gary Griggs points out in his new book, “Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs, who for 26 years, headed the UC Santa Cruz Institute of Marine Sciences, has advised state and local governments in California to plan for:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>6 inches of sea rise by 2030\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>12 inches by 2050, and\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>36 inches (3 feet) by 2100\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Griggs spoke with KQED Science Editor Craig Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Craig Miller: Let’s put that in some perspective, because this seems to be the problem with trying to get people to engage with sea level rise — that it is a sort of slow-motion train wreck. Six inches by 2030 might not sound like a lot. What would that actually look like in a place like the Bay Area?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I will say boldly that sea level rise is going to be the biggest challenge human civilization has ever faced.’\u003ccite>Gary Griggs, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Gary Griggs: There are places now that are already what has been called nuisance flooding, but it’s really high tides: these El Niños, when sea level can rise a foot or two over two or three month at a time, or a king tide when it can be six inches or so higher than normal, or the combination of storm waves and high tides. The sea level is a ramp that all these are on top of, so everything’s going to get progressively worse as we go on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: I find it interesting that you say “progressively,” because seas are rising faster now than they used to.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: Yeah. The last century was, along the California coast, maybe seven or eight inches. Right now, the rate is just about twice that high. The last 20-plus years we’ve been measuring sea level from space through satellites. Previously, it was done by averaging global tide gauges, and some of those the land is going up, some of those it’s going down. Now that we’re measuring it very precisely from space, which takes out the land component, the rates are maybe 13 and-a-half inches per century, or roughly twice as fast as it was, say in the last century. That’s significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915668\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2550px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1915668 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg\" alt=\"Map shows estimated extend of flooding with 16-and-55 inches of sea rise.\" width=\"2550\" height=\"3300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap.jpeg 2550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-160x207.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-800x1035.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-768x994.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1020x1320.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1920x2485.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-1180x1527.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-960x1242.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-240x311.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-375x485.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/Fig5-13_BCDCmap-520x673.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2550px) 100vw, 2550px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map shows estimated extent of flooding around San Francisco Bay with 16-and-55 inches of sea rise. \u003ccite>(BCDC via UC Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: Okay, so we now have Miami, where people are wading around certain streets, not just after Hurricane Irma but anytime there’s a high tide. How long before that’s the case on the Embarcadero in San Francisco?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: We could see much more problematic conditions by 2030, in 10 or 15 years. But again we’re on this curve, and the rate of increase is not completely known. What’s going to happen to Antarctica — which is where the biggest amount of potential rise is — where you have these massive glaciers or ice sheets, but they’re held in place by these floating ice shelves. They’re starting to crack and break loose. That then, is like taking the cork out of the champagne bottle, so a big pulse could happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: The Bay Area may be the exception. We’ve seen some ambitious initiatives, and even a new tax recently, to prepare for encroaching seas. But do you think that Northern California as a whole is paying enough attention to this threat?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’ve got to start acting now. We have to start acting collectively, because I think our entire human future depends on it.’\u003ccite>Gary Griggs, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Griggs: You know, as I look around the country and I see what’s happening in places like Florida, North Carolina, where you either outlaw it or don’t talk about it, I’d say we’re way ahead. I think the fact that that tax passed [Measure AA in 2016] is a good indication of people’s awareness and concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think talking about it is one thing, and getting something done is a much bigger step. The Bay has somewhere between 400 and 500 miles of shoreline. What many people don’t realize is, from the Golden Gate all the way to Sacramento — which is sea level because Sacramento’s an ocean port — it’s 100 miles inland. So not only is the Embarcadero a problem, but we’ve got a problem 100 miles inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: Well, there’s a lot of critical infrastructure — airports, freeways, treatment plants — sitting almost right at sea level, with no place to move them really. What do we do about those? Are we looking at a future of ever rising sea walls?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: You know, that’s the solution we’ve used in the short term. I think if you look at something like San Francisco International or Oakland, they weren’t thinking about sea level rise. You can imagine a levee or a wall for a while, but at some point that doesn’t work anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1915609\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 667px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1915609\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis.jpeg\" alt=\"Griggs' book, "Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge," takes on multiple threats to coastal regions, including sea rise, seismic threats, and pollution.\" width=\"667\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis.jpeg 667w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-240x360.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-375x562.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/09/CoastsinCrisis-520x780.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 667px) 100vw, 667px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Griggs’ book, “Coasts in Crisis: A Global Challenge,” takes on multiple threats to coastal regions, including sea rise, seismic threats, and pollution. \u003ccite>(UC Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We also have most of our power plants around the Bay which are right at sea level, to pump in cold sea water for cooling. Those are not a parking lot or a bike trail, they are multi-million dollar facilities, and there are dozens and dozens of those. I will say boldly that sea level rise is going to be the biggest challenge human civilization has ever faced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miller: If there’s one big takeaway from your book that you want to get out there, what would it be?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Griggs: We’ve got to start acting now. We have to start acting collectively, because I think our entire human future depends on it. I think traditionally what we’ve done — and we’re still doing now — is, whenever a conflict comes up, we draw a line and you get on that side and I get on this side and we punch it out. I think what we have to do is come to the realization finally that it’s a circle and we’re all inside of it.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1915608/californians-must-change-thinking-to-meet-challenge-of-rising-seas-says-author","authors":["221"],"categories":["science_31","science_89","science_40","science_2873"],"tags":["science_1461","science_603","science_2114","science_206"],"featImg":"science_1915666","label":"science"},"science_16016":{"type":"posts","id":"science_16016","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"16016","score":null,"sort":[1396379964000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"ipcc-climate-change-is-taking-a-toll-in-california-and-its-going-to-get-worse","title":"IPCC: Climate Change Is Taking a Toll in California and It's Going to Get Worse","publishDate":1396379964,"format":"aside","headTitle":"IPCC: Climate Change Is Taking a Toll in California and It’s Going to Get Worse | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The latest \u003ca href=\"http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/\">report from the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u003c/a> focuses on impacts from climate change, both current and looming, and recommendations for how to adapt. It also ratchets up considerably the confidence levels for those predicted impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201404010900\">KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> hosted a segment on the report Tuesday morning. And the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/01/science/earth/climate.html\">New York Times has this story\u003c/a> on the scope of the IPCC’s work, the expected impacts from climate change — hunger, thirst, flooding, violent conflicts, mass migrations — and the political response (or lack thereof):\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://static01.nyt.com/images/2014/03/31/science/earth/31climate/31climate-videoSixteenByNine1050.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/01/science/earth/climate.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Panel’s Warning on Climate Risk: Worst Is Yet to Come\u003c/a>YOKOHAMA, Japan – Climate change is already having sweeping effects on every continent and throughout the world’s oceans, scientists reported on Monday, and they warned that the problem was likely to grow substantially worse unless greenhouse emissions are brought under control.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly/code?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F04%2F01%2Fscience%2Fearth%2Fclimate.html\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nytimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/WGIIAR5-Chap26_FGDall.pdf\">North America\u003c/a> section drills down into some local impacts. Here’s a taste of what the IPCC says we can expect in California. And yes, the report says that some of this is already happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Flooding in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Loss of suitable land for wine growing\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/heat-and-harvest/\">Declines in agricultural productivity\u003c/a> for other crops, though some of that may be softened by irrigation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A longer \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">wildfire season\u003c/a> and more acreage burned\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Earlier spring runoff and declines in the amount of water stored by the mountain snowpack\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/san-francisco-a-test-case-for-coping-with-rising-seas/\">Sea level rise\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The latest report from the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change focuses on impacts from climate change, both current and looming, and recommendations for how to adapt.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704933914,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":6,"wordCount":243},"headData":{"title":"IPCC: Climate Change Is Taking a Toll in California and It's Going to Get Worse | KQED","description":"The latest report from the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change focuses on impacts from climate change, both current and looming, and recommendations for how to adapt.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"path":"/science/16016/ipcc-climate-change-is-taking-a-toll-in-california-and-its-going-to-get-worse","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The latest \u003ca href=\"http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/\">report from the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u003c/a> focuses on impacts from climate change, both current and looming, and recommendations for how to adapt. It also ratchets up considerably the confidence levels for those predicted impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201404010900\">KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> hosted a segment on the report Tuesday morning. And the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/01/science/earth/climate.html\">New York Times has this story\u003c/a> on the scope of the IPCC’s work, the expected impacts from climate change — hunger, thirst, flooding, violent conflicts, mass migrations — and the political response (or lack thereof):\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://static01.nyt.com/images/2014/03/31/science/earth/31climate/31climate-videoSixteenByNine1050.jpg\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/01/science/earth/climate.html\" rel=\"noopener\">Panel’s Warning on Climate Risk: Worst Is Yet to Come\u003c/a>YOKOHAMA, Japan – Climate change is already having sweeping effects on every continent and throughout the world’s oceans, scientists reported on Monday, and they warned that the problem was likely to grow substantially worse unless greenhouse emissions are brought under control.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly/code?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F04%2F01%2Fscience%2Fearth%2Fclimate.html\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nytimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/WGIIAR5-Chap26_FGDall.pdf\">North America\u003c/a> section drills down into some local impacts. Here’s a taste of what the IPCC says we can expect in California. And yes, the report says that some of this is already happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Flooding in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Loss of suitable land for wine growing\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/heat-and-harvest/\">Declines in agricultural productivity\u003c/a> for other crops, though some of that may be softened by irrigation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A longer \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">wildfire season\u003c/a> and more acreage burned\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Earlier spring runoff and declines in the amount of water stored by the mountain snowpack\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/san-francisco-a-test-case-for-coping-with-rising-seas/\">Sea level rise\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/16016/ipcc-climate-change-is-taking-a-toll-in-california-and-its-going-to-get-worse","authors":["200"],"categories":["science_31","science_40"],"tags":["science_1461","science_603","science_1460","science_100","science_206","science_113"],"featImg":"science_16025","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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