Bay Area Carbon Emissions Steadily Fall as Region Embraces EVs
Can California's Climate Bond Weather the Storm of State Deficits?
US Navy Acknowledges Rising Toxic Groundwater Threat at SF Superfund Site
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California Releases Formal Proposal to End Fracking in the State
California Solar Customers, Industry Brace for Impact of Reduced State Incentives
Why the War in Ukraine Is Bad for Climate Science
How Kern County's Carbon Removal Industry Can Save California's Oil Country
Bay Area Rain on Tap Through Much of Next Week
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These EVs, as well as hybrid cars and other more fuel-efficient models, are steadily lowering the region’s carbon footprint, according to researchers at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists found that carbon dioxide levels fell across the region at an annual rate of about 1.8% between 2018 and 2022. Vehicle emission rates saw a yearly drop of 2.6%. The scientists used data pulled from a \u003ca href=\"https://beacon.berkeley.edu/about/\">custom-designed network of sensors affixed\u003c/a> mostly to the top of schools in the East Bay to monitor carbon dioxide levels in real time, as well as state statistics and records from the DMV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Ronald Cohen, chemistry professor, UC Berkeley\"]‘We do need to accelerate. But the starting point is pretty good right now.’[/pullquote]The idea for the sensors came from Ronald Cohen, a UC Berkeley professor of chemistry, who argued it is the first real-world evidence that the region’s bellwether adoption of electric vehicles is measurably lowering the Bay Area’s carbon emissions. In an interview with KQED, he said his team has shown that it’s technically possible to measure changes in carbon dioxide over time and at a granular, city-level, which could have significant real-world applications as localities across the world pass goals for reducing planet-warming gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we set out to do is to be able to report on changes within cities in a way of providing observational feedback on the efficacy of policy,” he said. “We’re excited about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research results were \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.3c09642\">published Thursday in the American Chemical Society’s journal \u003cem>Environmental Science & Technology\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emission reductions in California and elsewhere are often calculated using a system of accounting and estimates. Or with federal sensors that cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. Cohen said that his sensors cost less than $10,000 and offer cities a realistic window for tracking their sources of pollution. The devices also measure air pollutants, including tiny particles in wildfire smoke, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides and ozone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that he was “pleasantly surprised” to see the scale of the average reductions of carbon dioxide over time. California’s goal is to be carbon neutral by 2045, slashing air pollution by 71% in the process. To meet that goal, the state needs to reduce its emissions by 3.7% per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least in the Bay Area, “we’re almost halfway there at our rate today,” Cohen said. “We do need to accelerate. But the starting point is pretty good right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11980088,news_11974466,science_1991185\"]That’s a glass half full interpretation. Even the Bay Area, which Cohen said has roughly double the EVs of a city like Los Angeles, would need to increase its emissions reductions each year to be on pace with the state target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study “reminds us that we are not reducing emissions faster enough,” said Jens Mühle, a researcher at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego. He was not involved in the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he agreed that the network of sensors has shown a statistically significant drop in emissions in the Bay Area, and it is important to be able to accurately measure carbon pollution at that level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities represent approximately 70% of global carbon dioxide emissions, and “oftentimes the impact of climate change is the worst [there],” he said. “You have all this concrete and asphalt, and you have the heat waves. They also have a potentially large impact on reducing global CO2 emissions, and that’s what they’re doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The region still needs to accelerate its annual emissions reduction to meet the state's net zero carbon goal.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1712260566,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":653},"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Carbon Emissions Steadily Fall as Region Embraces EVs | KQED","description":"The region still needs to accelerate its annual emissions reduction to meet the state's net zero carbon goal.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Bay Area Carbon Emissions Steadily Fall as Region Embraces EVs","datePublished":"2024-04-04T12:01:18.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-04T19:56:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1992222/bay-area-leads-california-and-nation-in-shift-to-evs-say-scientists-as-carbon-footprint-steadily-drops","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Area is leading the state and nation in a shift from gas-powered cars to electric vehicles. These EVs, as well as hybrid cars and other more fuel-efficient models, are steadily lowering the region’s carbon footprint, according to researchers at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists found that carbon dioxide levels fell across the region at an annual rate of about 1.8% between 2018 and 2022. Vehicle emission rates saw a yearly drop of 2.6%. The scientists used data pulled from a \u003ca href=\"https://beacon.berkeley.edu/about/\">custom-designed network of sensors affixed\u003c/a> mostly to the top of schools in the East Bay to monitor carbon dioxide levels in real time, as well as state statistics and records from the DMV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We do need to accelerate. But the starting point is pretty good right now.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Ronald Cohen, chemistry professor, UC Berkeley","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The idea for the sensors came from Ronald Cohen, a UC Berkeley professor of chemistry, who argued it is the first real-world evidence that the region’s bellwether adoption of electric vehicles is measurably lowering the Bay Area’s carbon emissions. In an interview with KQED, he said his team has shown that it’s technically possible to measure changes in carbon dioxide over time and at a granular, city-level, which could have significant real-world applications as localities across the world pass goals for reducing planet-warming gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things we set out to do is to be able to report on changes within cities in a way of providing observational feedback on the efficacy of policy,” he said. “We’re excited about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research results were \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.3c09642\">published Thursday in the American Chemical Society’s journal \u003cem>Environmental Science & Technology\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emission reductions in California and elsewhere are often calculated using a system of accounting and estimates. Or with federal sensors that cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. Cohen said that his sensors cost less than $10,000 and offer cities a realistic window for tracking their sources of pollution. The devices also measure air pollutants, including tiny particles in wildfire smoke, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides and ozone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that he was “pleasantly surprised” to see the scale of the average reductions of carbon dioxide over time. California’s goal is to be carbon neutral by 2045, slashing air pollution by 71% in the process. To meet that goal, the state needs to reduce its emissions by 3.7% per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least in the Bay Area, “we’re almost halfway there at our rate today,” Cohen said. “We do need to accelerate. But the starting point is pretty good right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11980088,news_11974466,science_1991185"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That’s a glass half full interpretation. Even the Bay Area, which Cohen said has roughly double the EVs of a city like Los Angeles, would need to increase its emissions reductions each year to be on pace with the state target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study “reminds us that we are not reducing emissions faster enough,” said Jens Mühle, a researcher at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego. He was not involved in the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he agreed that the network of sensors has shown a statistically significant drop in emissions in the Bay Area, and it is important to be able to accurately measure carbon pollution at that level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities represent approximately 70% of global carbon dioxide emissions, and “oftentimes the impact of climate change is the worst [there],” he said. “You have all this concrete and asphalt, and you have the heat waves. They also have a potentially large impact on reducing global CO2 emissions, and that’s what they’re doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1992222/bay-area-leads-california-and-nation-in-shift-to-evs-say-scientists-as-carbon-footprint-steadily-drops","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_1627","science_182","science_194","science_1133","science_813","science_309","science_450","science_190"],"featImg":"science_1992230","label":"science"},"science_1991836":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991836","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1991836","score":null,"sort":[1710457247000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"can-californias-climate-bond-weather-the-storm-of-state-deficits","title":"Can California's Climate Bond Weather the Storm of State Deficits?","publishDate":1710457247,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Can California’s Climate Bond Weather the Storm of State Deficits? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>California lawmakers are negotiating the details of two major bills that would put what they intended to be a more than $15 billion climate bond in front of voters in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, as the state’s deficit has ballooned, lawmakers say its bonding capacity is shrinking simultaneously. Voters have only tepidly approved a mental health bond in the form of Proposition 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put all this together and it all but guarantees the efficacy of a climate bond will shrink as the Legislature negotiates the details over the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of 150 nature and environmental justice-oriented groups is pressing Gov. Gavin Newsom to consider a climate bond of at least $10 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Assemblymember Diane Papan (D-San Mateo)\"]‘With limited bonding capacity, we must now carefully prioritize the types of investments to include within any such bond to ensure that Californians can weather the storm of climate change.’[/pullquote]But key legislators like Assemblymember Diane Papan (D-San Mateo), a co-author of AB 1567, acknowledged in interviews with KQED that it might be much smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With limited bonding capacity, we must now carefully prioritize the types of investments to include within any such bond to ensure that Californians can weather the storm of climate change,” Papan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two climate-related bond bills would fund similar projects and solutions, from infusing cash into equity-oriented programs to adding funds to clean energy projects to addressing wildfire risk, drought, flooding, sea-level rise and extreme heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislative Analyst’s office projects \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4850?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email\">California’s deficit is in the ballpark of $73 billion, \u003c/a>and the state’s overall economy has limited its capacity to take out bonds. As a result, lawmakers told KQED California might have to limit its bonds in November to $16 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s cash flow problems and limited borrowing potential present a funding puzzle for lawmakers who want not just to put climate bonds on the ballot. Other lawmakers are vying for the same funds to pay for investing in offshore \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2208\">wind\u003c/a> infrastructure, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1657\">housing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB28\">education\u003c/a> bonds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers are negotiating behind closed doors, alongside the governor’s office, and could potentially combine the two bills into one climate bond. They maintain that climate spending remains a key priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The data is clear: The impacts caused by climate change continue to worsen every year,” said state Sen. Ben Allen (D-Santa Monica) in an email. He is the lead author of \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB867\">SB 867\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, lawmakers have yet to agree on how big the bond act could be. They could wait for Newsom to outline his spending priorities in the May revision of the state’s budget. The Legislature has a deadline of June 27 to put a bond on the November ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979095/proposition-1-opponents-concede-mental-health-ballot-measure-is-likely-to-pass\">The likely narrow passage of Proposition 1\u003c/a> — which would issue $6.38 billion in bonds to build supportive housing and residential treatment facilities — is a two-sided indicator of how a climate bond could go this fall, Papan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could mean that Californians are willing to take on additional bonds, but it could also shrink the state’s funding capacity for new bonds even further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom asked lawmakers last year to develop a “climate resilience bond to increase and sustain investments in our climate initiatives.” However, the governor’s office said it would not comment on the current legislation that is pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>A considerably smaller climate bond\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Eduardo Garcia (D-Coachella), the lead author on AB 1567, said he is working with at least 25 lawmakers to back the idea of a climate bond over the next two months. He said the final bill would “look different” and that his team is working on two alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A reduction in the bond would allow us to stay the course and make significant investments in some of these programs that we see are working with emission reductions and cleaning up pollution,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Josh Becker (D-Menlo Park), co-author of SB 867, said a final bond would be “considerably” smaller and should focus on urgent priorities. Sea-level rise is one of the most prominent issues in his district, which runs from Daly City to Mountain View. San Mateo County, through its Flood and Sea Level Rise Resiliency District, is actively preparing for this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve identified \u003ca href=\"https://oneshoreline.org/projects/\">billions of dollars of projects\u003c/a> that need to happen,” he said of designs for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985919/san-mateo-county-proposes-off-shore-doors-to-combat-sea-level-rise\">Venice-like wall within the bay in Burlingame\u003c/a> to protect a business corridor from sea-level rise and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973805/climate-solutions-in-east-palo-alto\">new levees in places like East Palo Alto\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not all of them could be funded through this bond, but this bond could be a start,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Josh Quigley, policy manager, Save the Bay\"]‘It’s key that there is funding in the climate bond for coastal resilience. Our infrastructure is likely to be overwhelmed in the coming years and is going to need upgrades.’[/pullquote]Josh Quigley, policy manager with the environmental nonprofit Save the Bay, said his group is working on sea-level rise and restoration projects up and down the Bay Area, like restoring 100,000 acres of tidal marsh across the region, that are waiting for funding to continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s key that there is funding in the climate bond for coastal resilience,” he said. “Our infrastructure is likely to be overwhelmed in the coming years and is going to need upgrades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with competing bonds and the state deficits, Assemblymember Damon Connolly (D-San Rafael), co-author of AB 1567, said a $10 billion bond is possible. He said Californians will vote to support a climate bond because they “are living the consequences right now in our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In my district, we face the threats of that wildfire and significant flooding; virtually no corner of the state is now immune from the impacts of climate change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>A bond for environmental justice\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups want the state to focus on programs and funding directly benefiting human health and the environment. They also want at least 40% of the total investments to go toward disadvantaged communities in urban and rural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11969301,news_11972196,news_11970742\"]Assemblymember Garcia said he is working to incorporate the coalition’s requests, but he does not think that the amount they’ve asked for is realistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think where folks will be disappointed is that it won’t reflect $10 billion, but nonetheless, will see a significant investment to the policy and the programs that have been outlined [by] our friends in the environmental justice community,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elle Chen, senior policy and campaign manager for the Asian Pacific Environmental Network, said the group is bracing for a lot less spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that number might have to come down, but I think it is a negotiating point,” Chen said. “If that becomes a reality, we will have to go back to the drawing board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sona Mohnot, director of climate resilience at the Greenlining Institute, said climate programs focused on supporting communities of color are often the first on the chopping block. For example, Newsom previously zeroed out funding for the Transformative Climate Communities program and did not allocate any funding to it in this year’s proposed budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Abraham Mendoza, policy manager, Community Water Center\"]‘It’s really important to make sure the communities who are already feeling the brunt of climate change and the impacts of the changing environment are still being prioritized and getting the resources they need.’[/pullquote]That program is for community-led neighborhood projects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provide the community with health, environmental, and economic benefits. Mohnot said a dozen communities already have planning grants but need funding to make their “transformative climate visions a reality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re trying to create a more resilient, more equitable California, then we have to invest in our communities that need those resources the most, especially in budget deficit years,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abraham Mendoza, policy manager with the Community Water Center, said he would like a climate bond to include funds for safe drinking water and flood protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really important to make sure the communities who are already feeling the brunt of climate change and the impacts of the changing environment are still being prioritized and getting the resources they need,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘This is going to be a continuous challenge’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Association of California Water Agencies has its own priorities, and has requested $8 billion from a climate bond to pay \u003ca href=\"https://www.acwa.com/resources/acwas-infrastructure-bond-priorities/\">for a slew of water projects, including storage, flood protection, water recycling, dam safety, sustainable groundwater and water conservation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This funding is needed because California is experiencing weather whiplash because of climate change,” said Cindy Tuck, the group’s deputy executive director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Katelyn Roedner Sutter, California director, Environmental Defense Fund\"]‘This is going to be a continuous challenge for us to act at the scale that scientists say is required to turn the tide on climate change. Lawmakers need to understand that climate change is not waiting for us to decide when it is convenient to take action.’[/pullquote]Organizations like Save the Redwoods League, run by Sam Hodder, would like to see the climate bond heavily focus on land conservation because “our most important ally in building climate resilience in California is going to grow from our nature-based solutions,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even though a climate bond would help fill the gap in the budget deficit in the short term, it won’t fulfill the long-term investment needed to adapt to the changing climate, said Katelyn Roedner Sutter, California director of the Environmental Defense Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is going to be a continuous challenge for us to act at the scale that scientists say is required to turn the tide on climate change,” she said. “Lawmakers need to understand that climate change is not waiting for us to decide when it is convenient to take action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Creasman, chief executive officer at California Environmental Voters, said many Californians would vote for a climate bond, especially if it’s the only option for continuing projects that would directly protect their lives and homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are issues that poll high across demographics and party lines,” she said. “Folks care about clean air and water. They care about clean energy, and they care about being protected against these disasters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Lawmakers are considering putting a climate bond on the November ballot, but the state’s $73 billion deficit and competing bonds complicate the legislative process.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1710449365,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":1832},"headData":{"title":"Can California's Climate Bond Weather the Storm of State Deficits? | KQED","description":"Lawmakers are considering putting a climate bond on the November ballot, but the state’s $73 billion deficit and competing bonds complicate the legislative process.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Can California's Climate Bond Weather the Storm of State Deficits?","datePublished":"2024-03-14T23:00:47.000Z","dateModified":"2024-03-14T20:49:25.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991836/can-californias-climate-bond-weather-the-storm-of-state-deficits","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California lawmakers are negotiating the details of two major bills that would put what they intended to be a more than $15 billion climate bond in front of voters in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, as the state’s deficit has ballooned, lawmakers say its bonding capacity is shrinking simultaneously. Voters have only tepidly approved a mental health bond in the form of Proposition 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put all this together and it all but guarantees the efficacy of a climate bond will shrink as the Legislature negotiates the details over the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of 150 nature and environmental justice-oriented groups is pressing Gov. Gavin Newsom to consider a climate bond of at least $10 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘With limited bonding capacity, we must now carefully prioritize the types of investments to include within any such bond to ensure that Californians can weather the storm of climate change.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Assemblymember Diane Papan (D-San Mateo)","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But key legislators like Assemblymember Diane Papan (D-San Mateo), a co-author of AB 1567, acknowledged in interviews with KQED that it might be much smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With limited bonding capacity, we must now carefully prioritize the types of investments to include within any such bond to ensure that Californians can weather the storm of climate change,” Papan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two climate-related bond bills would fund similar projects and solutions, from infusing cash into equity-oriented programs to adding funds to clean energy projects to addressing wildfire risk, drought, flooding, sea-level rise and extreme heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislative Analyst’s office projects \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4850?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email\">California’s deficit is in the ballpark of $73 billion, \u003c/a>and the state’s overall economy has limited its capacity to take out bonds. As a result, lawmakers told KQED California might have to limit its bonds in November to $16 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s cash flow problems and limited borrowing potential present a funding puzzle for lawmakers who want not just to put climate bonds on the ballot. Other lawmakers are vying for the same funds to pay for investing in offshore \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2208\">wind\u003c/a> infrastructure, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1657\">housing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB28\">education\u003c/a> bonds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers are negotiating behind closed doors, alongside the governor’s office, and could potentially combine the two bills into one climate bond. They maintain that climate spending remains a key priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The data is clear: The impacts caused by climate change continue to worsen every year,” said state Sen. Ben Allen (D-Santa Monica) in an email. He is the lead author of \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB867\">SB 867\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, lawmakers have yet to agree on how big the bond act could be. They could wait for Newsom to outline his spending priorities in the May revision of the state’s budget. The Legislature has a deadline of June 27 to put a bond on the November ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979095/proposition-1-opponents-concede-mental-health-ballot-measure-is-likely-to-pass\">The likely narrow passage of Proposition 1\u003c/a> — which would issue $6.38 billion in bonds to build supportive housing and residential treatment facilities — is a two-sided indicator of how a climate bond could go this fall, Papan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could mean that Californians are willing to take on additional bonds, but it could also shrink the state’s funding capacity for new bonds even further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom asked lawmakers last year to develop a “climate resilience bond to increase and sustain investments in our climate initiatives.” However, the governor’s office said it would not comment on the current legislation that is pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>A considerably smaller climate bond\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Eduardo Garcia (D-Coachella), the lead author on AB 1567, said he is working with at least 25 lawmakers to back the idea of a climate bond over the next two months. He said the final bill would “look different” and that his team is working on two alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A reduction in the bond would allow us to stay the course and make significant investments in some of these programs that we see are working with emission reductions and cleaning up pollution,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Josh Becker (D-Menlo Park), co-author of SB 867, said a final bond would be “considerably” smaller and should focus on urgent priorities. Sea-level rise is one of the most prominent issues in his district, which runs from Daly City to Mountain View. San Mateo County, through its Flood and Sea Level Rise Resiliency District, is actively preparing for this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve identified \u003ca href=\"https://oneshoreline.org/projects/\">billions of dollars of projects\u003c/a> that need to happen,” he said of designs for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985919/san-mateo-county-proposes-off-shore-doors-to-combat-sea-level-rise\">Venice-like wall within the bay in Burlingame\u003c/a> to protect a business corridor from sea-level rise and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973805/climate-solutions-in-east-palo-alto\">new levees in places like East Palo Alto\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not all of them could be funded through this bond, but this bond could be a start,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It’s key that there is funding in the climate bond for coastal resilience. Our infrastructure is likely to be overwhelmed in the coming years and is going to need upgrades.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Josh Quigley, policy manager, Save the Bay","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Josh Quigley, policy manager with the environmental nonprofit Save the Bay, said his group is working on sea-level rise and restoration projects up and down the Bay Area, like restoring 100,000 acres of tidal marsh across the region, that are waiting for funding to continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s key that there is funding in the climate bond for coastal resilience,” he said. “Our infrastructure is likely to be overwhelmed in the coming years and is going to need upgrades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with competing bonds and the state deficits, Assemblymember Damon Connolly (D-San Rafael), co-author of AB 1567, said a $10 billion bond is possible. He said Californians will vote to support a climate bond because they “are living the consequences right now in our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In my district, we face the threats of that wildfire and significant flooding; virtually no corner of the state is now immune from the impacts of climate change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>A bond for environmental justice\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups want the state to focus on programs and funding directly benefiting human health and the environment. They also want at least 40% of the total investments to go toward disadvantaged communities in urban and rural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11969301,news_11972196,news_11970742"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Assemblymember Garcia said he is working to incorporate the coalition’s requests, but he does not think that the amount they’ve asked for is realistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think where folks will be disappointed is that it won’t reflect $10 billion, but nonetheless, will see a significant investment to the policy and the programs that have been outlined [by] our friends in the environmental justice community,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elle Chen, senior policy and campaign manager for the Asian Pacific Environmental Network, said the group is bracing for a lot less spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that number might have to come down, but I think it is a negotiating point,” Chen said. “If that becomes a reality, we will have to go back to the drawing board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sona Mohnot, director of climate resilience at the Greenlining Institute, said climate programs focused on supporting communities of color are often the first on the chopping block. For example, Newsom previously zeroed out funding for the Transformative Climate Communities program and did not allocate any funding to it in this year’s proposed budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It’s really important to make sure the communities who are already feeling the brunt of climate change and the impacts of the changing environment are still being prioritized and getting the resources they need.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Abraham Mendoza, policy manager, Community Water Center","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That program is for community-led neighborhood projects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provide the community with health, environmental, and economic benefits. Mohnot said a dozen communities already have planning grants but need funding to make their “transformative climate visions a reality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re trying to create a more resilient, more equitable California, then we have to invest in our communities that need those resources the most, especially in budget deficit years,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abraham Mendoza, policy manager with the Community Water Center, said he would like a climate bond to include funds for safe drinking water and flood protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really important to make sure the communities who are already feeling the brunt of climate change and the impacts of the changing environment are still being prioritized and getting the resources they need,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>‘This is going to be a continuous challenge’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Association of California Water Agencies has its own priorities, and has requested $8 billion from a climate bond to pay \u003ca href=\"https://www.acwa.com/resources/acwas-infrastructure-bond-priorities/\">for a slew of water projects, including storage, flood protection, water recycling, dam safety, sustainable groundwater and water conservation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This funding is needed because California is experiencing weather whiplash because of climate change,” said Cindy Tuck, the group’s deputy executive director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘This is going to be a continuous challenge for us to act at the scale that scientists say is required to turn the tide on climate change. Lawmakers need to understand that climate change is not waiting for us to decide when it is convenient to take action.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Katelyn Roedner Sutter, California director, Environmental Defense Fund","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Organizations like Save the Redwoods League, run by Sam Hodder, would like to see the climate bond heavily focus on land conservation because “our most important ally in building climate resilience in California is going to grow from our nature-based solutions,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even though a climate bond would help fill the gap in the budget deficit in the short term, it won’t fulfill the long-term investment needed to adapt to the changing climate, said Katelyn Roedner Sutter, California director of the Environmental Defense Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is going to be a continuous challenge for us to act at the scale that scientists say is required to turn the tide on climate change,” she said. “Lawmakers need to understand that climate change is not waiting for us to decide when it is convenient to take action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Creasman, chief executive officer at California Environmental Voters, said many Californians would vote for a climate bond, especially if it’s the only option for continuing projects that would directly protect their lives and homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are issues that poll high across demographics and party lines,” she said. “Folks care about clean air and water. They care about clean energy, and they care about being protected against these disasters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991836/can-californias-climate-bond-weather-the-storm-of-state-deficits","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_31","science_40"],"tags":["science_5178","science_182","science_4417","science_4414","science_4008"],"featImg":"science_1991846","label":"science"},"science_1991758":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991758","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1991758","score":null,"sort":[1709841653000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"u-s-navy-acknowledges-rising-toxic-groundwater-threat-at-sf-superfund-site","title":"US Navy Acknowledges Rising Toxic Groundwater Threat at SF Superfund Site","publishDate":1709841653,"format":"standard","headTitle":"US Navy Acknowledges Rising Toxic Groundwater Threat at SF Superfund Site | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>The U.S. Navy, for the first time, has acknowledged what Bay Area climate scientists and residents have asked the agency to look into for years: that in just over a decade, potentially toxic groundwater could surface at a San Francisco Superfund site partly because of human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every five years, the agency reviews the cleanup of the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard next to the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood. The agency studied how climate effects — sea-level rise, groundwater rise and storm surge — could impact the cleanup of one of the nation’s largest and most complicated Superfund sites. The Navy finished the review in November and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bracpmo.navy.mil/Library/Announcements/Display/Article/3653648/former-nsy-hunters-point-fifth-cercla-five-year-review-draft/\">released it to the public in late January.\u003c/a> The details of the climate review were buried deep in a 566-page document, and KQED is reporting on them for the first time. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Arieann Harrison, founder and CEO, Marie Harrison Community Foundation\"]‘The five-year review based on sea-level rise confirms some of our collective concerns in Bayview-Hunters Point.’[/pullquote]The Navy found that in 2035, contaminated groundwater from heavy metals and “low-level radiological objects” — steeping in the water like a tea bag — could surface in an area of the site called “Parcel D-1,” which the Navy used for ship repair, maintenance and radiological research. The Navy capped this area with asphalt to keep any remaining pollution underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy’s assessment said heavy metals in permanent groundwater could surface in five other places by 2065.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The five-year review based on sea-level rise confirms some of our collective concerns in Bayview-Hunters Point,” said Arieann Harrison, founder and CEO of the Marie Harrison Community Foundation, an environmental justice group serving the Bayview community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to take more work to reach the goal of creating a safe environment for us all,” she added in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy also found that a 100-year storm surge in 2035 could cause flooding in some areas. By 2065, “a 100-year storm surge would impact portions of all parcels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report raises fresh questions about the city’s plans to build thousands of homes on what is an exceedingly complex and ongoing cleanup effort. When finished, \u003ca href=\"https://sfocii.org/projects/hunters-point-shipyard-candlestick-point-2/overview\">the 693-acre Candlestick Point-Hunters Point Shipyard project — which the Superfund site is part of — could have more than 10,000 housing units\u003c/a>. The development would include two new waterfront neighborhoods with housing, retail, and over 340 acres of parks and open space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991763\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1993px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991763\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"Two side by side aerial maps of the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard. A dark blue shaded areas show where flooding could occur from storms in 2035 and 2065.\" width=\"1993\" height=\"909\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-1-1.jpg 1993w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-1-1-800x365.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-1-1-1020x465.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-1-1-160x73.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-1-1-768x350.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-1-1-1536x701.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-1-1-1920x876.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1993px) 100vw, 1993px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In a changing climate, the blue-shaded areas depict how a 100-year storm event could temporarily flood a portion of the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard by 2035 and 2065. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of U.S. Navy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bay Area climate scientists, like UC Berkeley’s Kristina Hill, have sounded the alarm for years that anthropogenic climate change causing rising seas will push up groundwater levels and mix with contaminants with the possibility of coming in contact with people and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly two years ago, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979658/poorly-prepared-sf-civil-grand-jury-slams-city-for-not-protecting-residents-from-toxic-contamination\">the San Francisco Civil Grand Jury issued a report alerting the public to the fact that groundwater rise \u003c/a>— a result of seas rising in response to global emissions melting ice caps and expanding oceans — could significantly impact the site in the coming decades. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Sara Miles, a member of the grand jury behind the report\"]‘We feel vindicated that the Navy thinks this is a serious threat that needs to be looked at and also that they understand that it’s imminent.’[/pullquote]“We feel vindicated that the Navy thinks this is a serious threat that needs to be looked at and also that they understand that it’s imminent,” said Sara Miles, a member of the grand jury behind the report. “This is a serious issue that needs to be addressed before there’s a land transfer, not to mention any more housing being built in those areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Pound, a base realignment and closure environmental coordinator with the Navy, defended the agency’s work to prepare the site for one of San Francisco’s most ambitious development projects in a generation. He said the Navy is taking a proactive approach to how rising seas could affect the Superfund site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Navy has not only considered climate change at Hunters Point for many years, but it has already developed some infrastructure at the Shipyard to prepare for future sea-level rise,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy has armored and extended part of the site with a seawall and a landfill cap to protect against a 100-year storm and three feet of sea-level rise. Based on the two sea-level rise projections, the Navy, working with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and state regulatory agencies, will develop timelines for the Navy’s ongoing site-specific evaluations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA oversees the cleanup of Superfund sites and is studying the Navy’s latest review filing, along with California environmental agencies, the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board and the California Department of Toxic Substances Control. Pound said it could be finalized by this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>San Francisco leaders respond\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Mayor London Breed \u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/Hunters%20Point%20Response_MYR_081122.pdf\">did not agree with some of the Civil Grand Jury’s findings and recommendations\u003c/a> from 2022. In a statement, her office said the city is working with the Navy “to proactively ensure that all the actors responsible for the clean-up process are using remediation best practices so that the community’s health is, and remains, protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District 10 Supervisor Shamann Walton represents the Hunters Point area. His office declined an interview for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991764\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1993px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991764\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"Two side by side aerial maps of the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard. Dark blue circles are randomly spread out across the land showcasing where groundwater could be within three feet of the surface in 2035 and 2065.\" width=\"1993\" height=\"909\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-2-1.jpg 1993w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-2-1-800x365.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-2-1-1020x465.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-2-1-160x73.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-2-1-768x350.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-2-1-1536x701.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-2-1-1920x876.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1993px) 100vw, 1993px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In a changing climate, the dark blue circles show where groundwater could rise to within 3 feet of the surface at the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard by 2035 and 2065. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of U.S. Navy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Department of Public Health wrote that the agency is conducting an in-depth analysis of the five-year review, including the section on climate impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, the Navy found nearly two dozen samples at the site contaminated by Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope that can cause cancer. In September 2018, the agency recovered a radioactive deck marker, more than a decade after the federal government declared the area safe and free of radioactive waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985646/radioactive-object-found-at-san-franciscos-hunters-point-naval-shipyard-raises-new-concerns\">Last December, the Navy said it detected another piece of radioactive material\u003c/a> — a chip of glass smaller than a dime — during routine testing at the former Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Located next to a historically Black neighborhood where more than 35,000 people live, the Tetris-shaped 866-acre shipyard comprises concrete docking bays and abandoned buildings that jut out of San Francisco’s southeast shoreline. In the middle of the last century, the Navy used the site to decontaminate ships after atomic bomb tests, a process that contaminated the soil with radionuclides, heavy metals and petroleum fuels, among other toxic compounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The whole area could be flooded’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Residents, environmental advocates and climate scientists applaud the Navy for studying how climate change could alter the site. However, they said environmental agencies should require the Navy to conduct a more thorough cleanup before any developer builds housing on the old shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Weitzel was on the civil grand jury that advised the city to look further into how groundwater rise will likely surface contamination at the shipyard. He said he was surprised the Navy looked at time horizons so near into the future and wished the agency would have considered a century ahead because homes built on the site would sit vulnerable for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991771\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991771\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-3.jpg\" alt=\"Two side by side aerial maps of the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard. Dark blue circles are randomly spread out across the land showcasing where groundwater could emerge above the land surface in 2035 and 2065.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"952\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-3.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-3-800x381.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-3-1020x486.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-3-160x76.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-3-768x366.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-3-1536x731.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-3-1920x914.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In a changing climate, the circled light blue areas depict where groundwater could emerge above ground at the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard by 2035 and 2065. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of U.S. Navy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If they look 100 years in the future, it might look two to four times as alarming,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weitzel also notes that the Navy’s study looks separately at flooding from storms, groundwater, and rising sea levels. He said a composite view is needed to understand actual vulnerability clearly. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jeff Weitzel, civil grand jury member who advised the city\"]‘If they look 100 years in the future, it might look two to four times as alarming.’[/pullquote]“The whole area could be flooded; that’s what those maps are showing,” he said. “If we’re talking about building an entire community in that area, that has to be taken into account. There are all these chemicals under this soil, and we don’t know how they might be sneaking out. It’s very alarming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Dr. Ahimsa Porter Sumchai, who tests the bodies of Bayview-Hunters Point residents to determine if they’ve been exposed to contamination through her Hunters Point Biomonitoring Foundation, the Navy’s findings are “devastating.” She said the city should question whether it is a good idea to build on the site with contamination still in the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Navy did go the extra mile in projecting climate change, and I think that they offered a more sensitive and respectful analysis of the protectiveness of the most dangerously contaminated parcels,” she said. “The bottom line is that the Navy is telling you the shipyard, in its current state, is not fully protective of human health and the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991775\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991775\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/034_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/034_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/034_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/034_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/034_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/034_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022_qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/034_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Ahimsa Porter Sumchai displays a map of Bayview Hunters Point at her office in Bayview, San Francisco, on Feb. 25, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Porter Sumchai has screened more than 150 residents and found elevated levels of contaminants like uranium, plutonium and radioactive potassium — some of which she notes can cause cancer in people when exposed to them over a period of time. Her next step is to create a toxic registry of the around 35,000 people who live within a one-mile perimeter of the Superfund site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the clustering we are seeing is within the half-mile perimeter of the base,” she said. “The longer people have lived close to the base, the more significant their body burdens are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Water brings it all together’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Hill has spent much of the past decade deciphering how human-caused climate change will push up groundwater and come in contact with contamination in soil. Her findings \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983106/map-more-than-5000-toxic-sites-along-sf-bay-are-threatened-by-rising-groundwater-new-study-finds\">showcase as many as 5,000 toxic sites in the Bay Area alone are at risk of inundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reading the Navy’s review, the Institute for Urban and Regional Development director at UC Berkeley commends the agency for “looking at the issue at all” but said its methods were not granular enough. She said the Navy’s analysis is missing an understanding of how water moves. [aside label='More on Climate Change' tag='climate-change']The Navy assumed that a certain level of sea-level rise would push up groundwater unilaterally “as if it’s carved out of wood or ice” to see where it touches land or comes within three feet of the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m concerned that there might be places where contaminants could flow off their site towards other parcels and certainly towards the bay,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water moves differently based on topography, and because much of the soil on site is fill material, she said it is hard to know how the water will move. She suggests the Navy study each part of the site to decipher how surface water and groundwater will shift as seas rise and storms become more intense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water brings it all together,” she said. “I would definitely hesitate about whether this land is ready for housing because they haven’t done a reasonably comprehensive study considering how groundwater moves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy said it plans to evaluate how contaminants could move in water using “more sophisticated groundwater modeling.” [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Kristina Hill, climate scientist, UC Berkeley\"]‘This isn’t an unsolvable problem where there’s already housing built. … It takes one family to suffer impacts, and everyone will regret not doing a better study.’[/pullquote]The agency will also look at the latest sea-level rise guidance from California’s Department of Toxic Substances Control. The first study would prioritize the 2035 scenario where “groundwater is first projected to rise above the current land surface.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hill said the way to get around the troubles with contaminated groundwater is simple: remove all the contaminated soil or “treat them on-site with a fast enough process that it’ll be clean by the time the ocean gets there, or the groundwater gets up to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t an unsolvable problem where there’s already housing built,” she said.” So, why not clean it up? It takes one family to suffer impacts, and everyone will regret not doing a better study.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy plans to discuss the climate portion of the review at the Hunters Point Shipyard Citizens Advisory Committee meeting on March 25 and is holding a community workshop on April 22. The last day for public comment on the Navy’s review is March 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Potentially toxic waste could surface at a San Francisco Superfund site in just over a decade, partly because of human-caused climate change.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1709843316,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":38,"wordCount":2289},"headData":{"title":"US Navy Acknowledges Rising Toxic Groundwater Threat at SF Superfund Site | KQED","description":"Potentially toxic waste could surface at a San Francisco Superfund site in just over a decade, partly because of human-caused climate change.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"US Navy Acknowledges Rising Toxic Groundwater Threat at SF Superfund Site","datePublished":"2024-03-07T20:00:53.000Z","dateModified":"2024-03-07T20:28:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991758/u-s-navy-acknowledges-rising-toxic-groundwater-threat-at-sf-superfund-site","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Navy, for the first time, has acknowledged what Bay Area climate scientists and residents have asked the agency to look into for years: that in just over a decade, potentially toxic groundwater could surface at a San Francisco Superfund site partly because of human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every five years, the agency reviews the cleanup of the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard next to the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood. The agency studied how climate effects — sea-level rise, groundwater rise and storm surge — could impact the cleanup of one of the nation’s largest and most complicated Superfund sites. The Navy finished the review in November and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bracpmo.navy.mil/Library/Announcements/Display/Article/3653648/former-nsy-hunters-point-fifth-cercla-five-year-review-draft/\">released it to the public in late January.\u003c/a> The details of the climate review were buried deep in a 566-page document, and KQED is reporting on them for the first time. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘The five-year review based on sea-level rise confirms some of our collective concerns in Bayview-Hunters Point.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Arieann Harrison, founder and CEO, Marie Harrison Community Foundation","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Navy found that in 2035, contaminated groundwater from heavy metals and “low-level radiological objects” — steeping in the water like a tea bag — could surface in an area of the site called “Parcel D-1,” which the Navy used for ship repair, maintenance and radiological research. The Navy capped this area with asphalt to keep any remaining pollution underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy’s assessment said heavy metals in permanent groundwater could surface in five other places by 2065.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The five-year review based on sea-level rise confirms some of our collective concerns in Bayview-Hunters Point,” said Arieann Harrison, founder and CEO of the Marie Harrison Community Foundation, an environmental justice group serving the Bayview community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to take more work to reach the goal of creating a safe environment for us all,” she added in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy also found that a 100-year storm surge in 2035 could cause flooding in some areas. By 2065, “a 100-year storm surge would impact portions of all parcels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report raises fresh questions about the city’s plans to build thousands of homes on what is an exceedingly complex and ongoing cleanup effort. When finished, \u003ca href=\"https://sfocii.org/projects/hunters-point-shipyard-candlestick-point-2/overview\">the 693-acre Candlestick Point-Hunters Point Shipyard project — which the Superfund site is part of — could have more than 10,000 housing units\u003c/a>. The development would include two new waterfront neighborhoods with housing, retail, and over 340 acres of parks and open space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991763\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1993px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991763\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"Two side by side aerial maps of the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard. A dark blue shaded areas show where flooding could occur from storms in 2035 and 2065.\" width=\"1993\" height=\"909\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-1-1.jpg 1993w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-1-1-800x365.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-1-1-1020x465.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-1-1-160x73.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-1-1-768x350.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-1-1-1536x701.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-1-1-1920x876.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1993px) 100vw, 1993px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In a changing climate, the blue-shaded areas depict how a 100-year storm event could temporarily flood a portion of the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard by 2035 and 2065. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of U.S. Navy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bay Area climate scientists, like UC Berkeley’s Kristina Hill, have sounded the alarm for years that anthropogenic climate change causing rising seas will push up groundwater levels and mix with contaminants with the possibility of coming in contact with people and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly two years ago, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979658/poorly-prepared-sf-civil-grand-jury-slams-city-for-not-protecting-residents-from-toxic-contamination\">the San Francisco Civil Grand Jury issued a report alerting the public to the fact that groundwater rise \u003c/a>— a result of seas rising in response to global emissions melting ice caps and expanding oceans — could significantly impact the site in the coming decades. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘We feel vindicated that the Navy thinks this is a serious threat that needs to be looked at and also that they understand that it’s imminent.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Sara Miles, a member of the grand jury behind the report","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We feel vindicated that the Navy thinks this is a serious threat that needs to be looked at and also that they understand that it’s imminent,” said Sara Miles, a member of the grand jury behind the report. “This is a serious issue that needs to be addressed before there’s a land transfer, not to mention any more housing being built in those areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Pound, a base realignment and closure environmental coordinator with the Navy, defended the agency’s work to prepare the site for one of San Francisco’s most ambitious development projects in a generation. He said the Navy is taking a proactive approach to how rising seas could affect the Superfund site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Navy has not only considered climate change at Hunters Point for many years, but it has already developed some infrastructure at the Shipyard to prepare for future sea-level rise,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy has armored and extended part of the site with a seawall and a landfill cap to protect against a 100-year storm and three feet of sea-level rise. Based on the two sea-level rise projections, the Navy, working with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and state regulatory agencies, will develop timelines for the Navy’s ongoing site-specific evaluations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA oversees the cleanup of Superfund sites and is studying the Navy’s latest review filing, along with California environmental agencies, the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board and the California Department of Toxic Substances Control. Pound said it could be finalized by this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>San Francisco leaders respond\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Mayor London Breed \u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/Hunters%20Point%20Response_MYR_081122.pdf\">did not agree with some of the Civil Grand Jury’s findings and recommendations\u003c/a> from 2022. In a statement, her office said the city is working with the Navy “to proactively ensure that all the actors responsible for the clean-up process are using remediation best practices so that the community’s health is, and remains, protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District 10 Supervisor Shamann Walton represents the Hunters Point area. His office declined an interview for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991764\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1993px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991764\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"Two side by side aerial maps of the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard. Dark blue circles are randomly spread out across the land showcasing where groundwater could be within three feet of the surface in 2035 and 2065.\" width=\"1993\" height=\"909\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-2-1.jpg 1993w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-2-1-800x365.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-2-1-1020x465.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-2-1-160x73.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-2-1-768x350.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-2-1-1536x701.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-2-1-1920x876.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1993px) 100vw, 1993px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In a changing climate, the dark blue circles show where groundwater could rise to within 3 feet of the surface at the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard by 2035 and 2065. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of U.S. Navy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Department of Public Health wrote that the agency is conducting an in-depth analysis of the five-year review, including the section on climate impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, the Navy found nearly two dozen samples at the site contaminated by Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope that can cause cancer. In September 2018, the agency recovered a radioactive deck marker, more than a decade after the federal government declared the area safe and free of radioactive waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985646/radioactive-object-found-at-san-franciscos-hunters-point-naval-shipyard-raises-new-concerns\">Last December, the Navy said it detected another piece of radioactive material\u003c/a> — a chip of glass smaller than a dime — during routine testing at the former Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Located next to a historically Black neighborhood where more than 35,000 people live, the Tetris-shaped 866-acre shipyard comprises concrete docking bays and abandoned buildings that jut out of San Francisco’s southeast shoreline. In the middle of the last century, the Navy used the site to decontaminate ships after atomic bomb tests, a process that contaminated the soil with radionuclides, heavy metals and petroleum fuels, among other toxic compounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The whole area could be flooded’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Residents, environmental advocates and climate scientists applaud the Navy for studying how climate change could alter the site. However, they said environmental agencies should require the Navy to conduct a more thorough cleanup before any developer builds housing on the old shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Weitzel was on the civil grand jury that advised the city to look further into how groundwater rise will likely surface contamination at the shipyard. He said he was surprised the Navy looked at time horizons so near into the future and wished the agency would have considered a century ahead because homes built on the site would sit vulnerable for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991771\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991771\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-3.jpg\" alt=\"Two side by side aerial maps of the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard. Dark blue circles are randomly spread out across the land showcasing where groundwater could emerge above the land surface in 2035 and 2065.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"952\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-3.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-3-800x381.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-3-1020x486.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-3-160x76.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-3-768x366.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-3-1536x731.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/240306-HUNTERS-POINT-NAVAL-SHIPYARD-GRAPHIC-MD-3-1920x914.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In a changing climate, the circled light blue areas depict where groundwater could emerge above ground at the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard by 2035 and 2065. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of U.S. Navy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If they look 100 years in the future, it might look two to four times as alarming,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weitzel also notes that the Navy’s study looks separately at flooding from storms, groundwater, and rising sea levels. He said a composite view is needed to understand actual vulnerability clearly. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘If they look 100 years in the future, it might look two to four times as alarming.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Jeff Weitzel, civil grand jury member who advised the city","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The whole area could be flooded; that’s what those maps are showing,” he said. “If we’re talking about building an entire community in that area, that has to be taken into account. There are all these chemicals under this soil, and we don’t know how they might be sneaking out. It’s very alarming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Dr. Ahimsa Porter Sumchai, who tests the bodies of Bayview-Hunters Point residents to determine if they’ve been exposed to contamination through her Hunters Point Biomonitoring Foundation, the Navy’s findings are “devastating.” She said the city should question whether it is a good idea to build on the site with contamination still in the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Navy did go the extra mile in projecting climate change, and I think that they offered a more sensitive and respectful analysis of the protectiveness of the most dangerously contaminated parcels,” she said. “The bottom line is that the Navy is telling you the shipyard, in its current state, is not fully protective of human health and the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991775\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991775\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/034_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022_qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/034_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/034_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/034_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/034_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/034_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022_qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/03/034_KQED_BayviewBloodTesting_02252022_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Ahimsa Porter Sumchai displays a map of Bayview Hunters Point at her office in Bayview, San Francisco, on Feb. 25, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Porter Sumchai has screened more than 150 residents and found elevated levels of contaminants like uranium, plutonium and radioactive potassium — some of which she notes can cause cancer in people when exposed to them over a period of time. Her next step is to create a toxic registry of the around 35,000 people who live within a one-mile perimeter of the Superfund site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the clustering we are seeing is within the half-mile perimeter of the base,” she said. “The longer people have lived close to the base, the more significant their body burdens are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Water brings it all together’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Hill has spent much of the past decade deciphering how human-caused climate change will push up groundwater and come in contact with contamination in soil. Her findings \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983106/map-more-than-5000-toxic-sites-along-sf-bay-are-threatened-by-rising-groundwater-new-study-finds\">showcase as many as 5,000 toxic sites in the Bay Area alone are at risk of inundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reading the Navy’s review, the Institute for Urban and Regional Development director at UC Berkeley commends the agency for “looking at the issue at all” but said its methods were not granular enough. She said the Navy’s analysis is missing an understanding of how water moves. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"More on Climate Change ","tag":"climate-change"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Navy assumed that a certain level of sea-level rise would push up groundwater unilaterally “as if it’s carved out of wood or ice” to see where it touches land or comes within three feet of the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m concerned that there might be places where contaminants could flow off their site towards other parcels and certainly towards the bay,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water moves differently based on topography, and because much of the soil on site is fill material, she said it is hard to know how the water will move. She suggests the Navy study each part of the site to decipher how surface water and groundwater will shift as seas rise and storms become more intense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water brings it all together,” she said. “I would definitely hesitate about whether this land is ready for housing because they haven’t done a reasonably comprehensive study considering how groundwater moves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy said it plans to evaluate how contaminants could move in water using “more sophisticated groundwater modeling.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘This isn’t an unsolvable problem where there’s already housing built. … It takes one family to suffer impacts, and everyone will regret not doing a better study.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"size":"medium","align":"right","citation":"Kristina Hill, climate scientist, UC Berkeley","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The agency will also look at the latest sea-level rise guidance from California’s Department of Toxic Substances Control. The first study would prioritize the 2035 scenario where “groundwater is first projected to rise above the current land surface.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hill said the way to get around the troubles with contaminated groundwater is simple: remove all the contaminated soil or “treat them on-site with a fast enough process that it’ll be clean by the time the ocean gets there, or the groundwater gets up to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t an unsolvable problem where there’s already housing built,” she said.” So, why not clean it up? It takes one family to suffer impacts, and everyone will regret not doing a better study.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy plans to discuss the climate portion of the review at the Hunters Point Shipyard Citizens Advisory Committee meeting on March 25 and is holding a community workshop on April 22. The last day for public comment on the Navy’s review is March 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991758/u-s-navy-acknowledges-rising-toxic-groundwater-threat-at-sf-superfund-site","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_182","science_194","science_4417","science_4414","science_5183","science_206"],"featImg":"science_1991770","label":"science"},"science_1991547":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991547","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1991547","score":null,"sort":[1709035213000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"wildfires-are-killing-californias-ancient-giants-can-seedlings-save-the-species","title":"Wildfires Are Killing California's Ancient Giants. Can Seedlings Save the Species?","publishDate":1709035213,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Wildfires Are Killing California’s Ancient Giants. Can Seedlings Save the Species? | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>On a late autumn day, a team of forestry workers spreads out among the burned trunks of giant sequoia trees. The 1,000-year-old trees in the grove are dead but still standing, killed in an extreme wildfire that raced through Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the shadow of one of the trees, the crew gets to work, pulling tiny, 4-inch seedlings out of bags clipped to their belts and tucking them into the dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wish it some luck, and that’s it,” says Micah Craig of the Eastern Sierra Conservation Corps, standing back to look at the young sequoia. He then grabs another seedling, part of a historic planting effort that the National Park Service hopes will be enough to preserve one of the world’s most iconic species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991564\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1991564 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9999_custom-97507e99af8b762a4029b26d5427f402a20fca1d-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9999_custom-97507e99af8b762a4029b26d5427f402a20fca1d-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9999_custom-97507e99af8b762a4029b26d5427f402a20fca1d-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9999_custom-97507e99af8b762a4029b26d5427f402a20fca1d-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9999_custom-97507e99af8b762a4029b26d5427f402a20fca1d-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9999_custom-97507e99af8b762a4029b26d5427f402a20fca1d-s1300-c85-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ecologists estimate that up to 14,000 sequoias have been killed in recent wildfires, a shocking number for a species that was thought to survive most fires. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over only two years, about one-fifth of all giant sequoias have been killed in extreme wildfires in California. The numbers shocked ecologists since the enormous trees can live more than 2,000 years and have evolved to live with frequent, low-intensity fires in the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent fires have burned bigger and more intensely than sequoias are accustomed to, a result of the way humans have changed the forest. After the 2020 and 2021 fires, scientists watched the sequoia groves to see if the next generation of trees is emerging to replace their lost parents. In some places, seedlings are filling the forest floor. In others, fewer are emerging from the burned soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smaller numbers of seedlings concerned scientists and the National Park Service. So, in a historic step, the agency, for the first time, has begun replanting some severely burned areas. With a life span of thousands of years, the new seedlings will grow up in a climate that’s rapidly changing. So, park officials are bringing in seedlings from other sequoia groves, ones that may have the genetic tools to handle a more hostile future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991565\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991565\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/triptych-copy_custom-aba63a380fe8b5154c5bbefa59a5d34391c14706-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"1305\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/triptych-copy_custom-aba63a380fe8b5154c5bbefa59a5d34391c14706-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/triptych-copy_custom-aba63a380fe8b5154c5bbefa59a5d34391c14706-s1300-c85-800x803.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/triptych-copy_custom-aba63a380fe8b5154c5bbefa59a5d34391c14706-s1300-c85-1020x1024.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/triptych-copy_custom-aba63a380fe8b5154c5bbefa59a5d34391c14706-s1300-c85-160x161.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/triptych-copy_custom-aba63a380fe8b5154c5bbefa59a5d34391c14706-s1300-c85-768x771.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With so many ancient trees killed, the National Park Service has sprouted hundreds of sequoia seedlings to replant the severely burned areas, along with other species normally found there like white fir and sugar pines. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The project has run into opposition. A handful of conservation groups are suing to halt the effort, arguing that such intervention shouldn’t occur in an area designated as federal wilderness and that the sequoia trees could possibly regenerate adequately on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate is one occurring on public lands across the country as the impacts of climate change get worse. Land managers face a key question: As humans take an increasing toll on natural landscapes, how far should we go to fix it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991551\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991551\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sequoia National Park was created in 1890 to protect the mammoth trees for the public. Along with Kings Canyon National Park, the two parks are home to about 40% of all sequoias. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A carpet of green\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Hopeful signs have emerged in the wake of the KNP Complex Fire, which tore through Sequoia National Park in 2021. The forest floor is still scorched black, but in some areas, thousands of lime-green sequoia seedlings have sprung up a few inches high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s awesome,” says Christy Brigham, chief of resources management and science at Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. “This is what has happened for millennia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lifecycle of sequoias is bound to fire. The massive trees, often 15 feet around, are protected from the heat by a thick, shaggy bark. Their lowest branches are far from the forest floor, reducing the chances they’ll ignite when smaller trees burn. And when a fire’s heat rises, the sequoias’ cones open up, releasing thousands of seeds. Those seeds sprout quickly in the newly cleared soil below their parent trees. Most of the seedlings will die, eventually leaving only one or two giant trees centuries from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991566\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1991566 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/sap_1_custom-3e6531fb937b4d33bb53fd0ded107ff441cb96f7-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/sap_1_custom-3e6531fb937b4d33bb53fd0ded107ff441cb96f7-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/sap_1_custom-3e6531fb937b4d33bb53fd0ded107ff441cb96f7-s1300-c85-800x264.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/sap_1_custom-3e6531fb937b4d33bb53fd0ded107ff441cb96f7-s1300-c85-1020x337.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/sap_1_custom-3e6531fb937b4d33bb53fd0ded107ff441cb96f7-s1300-c85-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/sap_1_custom-3e6531fb937b4d33bb53fd0ded107ff441cb96f7-s1300-c85-768x253.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some areas of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks show a carpet of green — thousands of sequoia seedlings poking a few inches above the ground. In more severely burned areas, there are fewer emerging from the soil. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Lots of bad things are going to happen to these,” Brigham says, looking down at the carpet of green. “Another fire, fire after fire, before they get that big. Dead trees are going to fall on them. So they make a lot. A lot, a lot, a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High above, the thousand-year-old sequoias in this part of Redwood Mountain Grove are still alive, their broccoli-shaped tops still green. The fire burned at low or moderate intensity here because the forest floor was relatively clear of brush and other vegetation that could burn. National Park Service crews had previously done prescribed burns, purposely using fire to remove the dry, dead fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991567\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991567\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0097_custom-4221da9369a4b356244c27dca988397cdbe1d694-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0097_custom-4221da9369a4b356244c27dca988397cdbe1d694-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0097_custom-4221da9369a4b356244c27dca988397cdbe1d694-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0097_custom-4221da9369a4b356244c27dca988397cdbe1d694-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0097_custom-4221da9369a4b356244c27dca988397cdbe1d694-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0097_custom-4221da9369a4b356244c27dca988397cdbe1d694-s1300-c85-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sequoia trees are susceptible to heat and drought, conditions that are expected to get more extreme as the climate keeps changing. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Gates of Mordor\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Farther down the trail, it’s a different story. Many of the giant sequoias have little or no green foliage left, their bare, jagged branches rising high above the rest of the forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have now arrived at the location we call the Gates of Mordor,” Brigham says. “These trees are not coming back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The KNP Complex Fire roared up this sequoia grove in less than a day. Fire crews made a last-ditch effort to save some of the enormous trees, clearing the vegetation around them as the flames moved in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was horrible,” Brigham says. “I don’t think I’ve cried so much in my entire life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991568\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991568\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0086_custom-25e1a08104985a1944cd691c3b94db2c2791b3f0-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0086_custom-25e1a08104985a1944cd691c3b94db2c2791b3f0-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0086_custom-25e1a08104985a1944cd691c3b94db2c2791b3f0-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0086_custom-25e1a08104985a1944cd691c3b94db2c2791b3f0-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0086_custom-25e1a08104985a1944cd691c3b94db2c2791b3f0-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0086_custom-25e1a08104985a1944cd691c3b94db2c2791b3f0-s1300-c85-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smaller pines and other trees, killed in California’s extreme droughts, acted as kindling in recent wildfires, fueling the intense burning. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The forest here was primed to burn. Historically, the Sierra Nevada saw regular low-grade wildfires caused by lightning strikes and set by Native American tribes \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/24/899422710/to-manage-wildfire-california-looks-to-what-tribes-have-known-all-along\">who shaped the landscape through controlled burning\u003c/a>. But for the last century, humans have extinguished wildfires, allowing dead and dry vegetation to build up on the forest floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme drought, exacerbated by climate change, has also led to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/r5/news-events/?cid=FSEPRD1088646\">millions of smaller trees dying\u003c/a> in recent years. Water-stressed pines and other trees were more vulnerable to attacks from bark beetles. Researchers found that the \u003ca href=\"https://news.uci.edu/2023/09/25/uc-irvine-scientists-reveal-what-fuels-wildfires-in-sierra-nevada-mountains/\">dead trees acted as kindling, contributing to the extreme heat\u003c/a> and intensity of the KNP Complex Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with two other extreme fires in 2020–21, between \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/2021-fire-season-impacts-to-giant-sequoias.htm\">13% and 19% of all giant sequoias were killed\u003c/a>, up to more than 14,000 trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991569\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991569\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/following1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christy Brigham walks through Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have never seen anything like this in giant sequoia,” Brigham says. “Large giant sequoias, before now, survived wildfire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so many giant trees gone, teams from several federal agencies turned to another key issue: the next generation of sequoias. They surveyed how many seedlings are growing below the burned trees. \u003ca href=\"https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/view/5433/\">Two\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/view/5457/\">studies\u003c/a> from scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey found that some of the severely burned areas have lower densities of sequoia seedlings compared to the numbers found after previous fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brigham says it’s possible that too many sequoia cones and their seeds burned up in the fire. But with fewer adult trees left alive to make seeds in the future, there’s a risk some of this sequoia grove won’t come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These parks were in part established to conserve sequoias,” Brigham says. “What would it mean for that mission if we did nothing here?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991570\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991570\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9920_custom-51f8b8e47a06557d1b51bf3d56ece980a640df23-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9920_custom-51f8b8e47a06557d1b51bf3d56ece980a640df23-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9920_custom-51f8b8e47a06557d1b51bf3d56ece980a640df23-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9920_custom-51f8b8e47a06557d1b51bf3d56ece980a640df23-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9920_custom-51f8b8e47a06557d1b51bf3d56ece980a640df23-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9920_custom-51f8b8e47a06557d1b51bf3d56ece980a640df23-s1300-c85-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mules and horses are stationed at a trailhead to help transport seedlings deep into the park. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A replanting effort begins\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the late afternoon, a line of mules winds its way through the burned sequoia grove. On their backs, they carry boxes of sequoia seedlings deep into the backcountry. A crew from the Eastern Sierra Conservation Corps takes the seedlings on the last steps of their journey, searching for planting spots that offer some protection from the upcoming summer heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Planting sequoias, that’s a legacy thing. Something we were all stoked to do that will transcend after us,” says crew member Micah Craig.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991571\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991571\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/dip2_custom-73668552806d16ffb0c6dacae938e5f448bd74e8-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"596\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/dip2_custom-73668552806d16ffb0c6dacae938e5f448bd74e8-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/dip2_custom-73668552806d16ffb0c6dacae938e5f448bd74e8-s1300-c85-800x367.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/dip2_custom-73668552806d16ffb0c6dacae938e5f448bd74e8-s1300-c85-1020x468.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/dip2_custom-73668552806d16ffb0c6dacae938e5f448bd74e8-s1300-c85-160x73.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/dip2_custom-73668552806d16ffb0c6dacae938e5f448bd74e8-s1300-c85-768x352.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Micah Craig and a team from the Eastern Sierra Conservation Corps replant sequoia seedlings. Some are from groves already experiencing hotter, drier conditions, which could give them a better shot at withstanding climate change. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of these sequoia seedlings were grown from seeds collected from this same grove. But 20% come from seeds collected from other groves. Sequoia seedlings are vulnerable to heat and drought, conditions that will get more extreme as the climate keeps changing. With that in mind, managers selected seeds from groves at lower elevations that already naturally live in hotter conditions. The idea is to increase the genetic diversity in case those trees are better adapted to a hotter, drier future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have the ability to give this grove a little bit of a bigger toolkit for adapting to changing conditions, and that’s what we’re trying to do,” Brigham says. “We’re asking a lot of these trees to survive for 400 years, 1,000 years, and they can do it, but let’s give them a little help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991572\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991572\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a9959-2_custom-e9b7b11a792ea7cf1dc6e8b853ed55ebbbfb0a4d-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a9959-2_custom-e9b7b11a792ea7cf1dc6e8b853ed55ebbbfb0a4d-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a9959-2_custom-e9b7b11a792ea7cf1dc6e8b853ed55ebbbfb0a4d-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a9959-2_custom-e9b7b11a792ea7cf1dc6e8b853ed55ebbbfb0a4d-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a9959-2_custom-e9b7b11a792ea7cf1dc6e8b853ed55ebbbfb0a4d-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a9959-2_custom-e9b7b11a792ea7cf1dc6e8b853ed55ebbbfb0a4d-s1300-c85-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mule train delivers boxes of sequoia seedlings through shrubs that have sprung up in the wake of the KNP Complex Fire. Sequoia seedlings do best in the first few years after a fire when there’s little vegetation to shade them out. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The technique, known as “assisted gene flow,” has been used in a handful of cases already to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2110559118\">help coral survive a hotter climate\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanforests.org/article/the-race-to-save-the-whitebark-pine/\">whitebark pine trees resist disease\u003c/a>. It’s part of a larger toolkit land managers are beginning to consider as ecosystems struggle to keep up with climate change. The National Park Service has developed a new framework for considering when to intervene, known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/subjects/climatechange/resistacceptdirect.htm\">“resist, accept, or direct\u003c/a>,” acknowledging that some ecosystems will need help to resist changes, while in others, change may be inevitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Lawsuit filed to stop replanting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A group of four conservation groups \u003ca href=\"https://wildernesswatch.org/lawsuit-filed-to-protect-seki\">is suing to halt the project\u003c/a>, contending that because the sequoia groves are protected under the federal Wilderness Act, a higher level of intervention isn’t appropriate. They argue that having wilderness protection means the land should remain untouched, even if that means losing sequoias there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to allow nature some places where human beings aren’t trying to be the managers, aren’t trying to be the gardeners,” says George Nickas, executive director of Wilderness Watch, one of the groups that filed suit. “Because we’re the ones that messed it up, it doesn’t flow that we’re the ones to fix it. That’s that sort of arrogance of humanism, if you will. That’s when we need to learn to step back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1991573\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9967_custom-bd62b7ff8767a0ef8b596749df9464c66cc5b2af-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9967_custom-bd62b7ff8767a0ef8b596749df9464c66cc5b2af-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9967_custom-bd62b7ff8767a0ef8b596749df9464c66cc5b2af-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9967_custom-bd62b7ff8767a0ef8b596749df9464c66cc5b2af-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9967_custom-bd62b7ff8767a0ef8b596749df9464c66cc5b2af-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9967_custom-bd62b7ff8767a0ef8b596749df9464c66cc5b2af-s1300-c85-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wilderness Act specifies that protected areas should be “untrammeled by man.” That framing has frustrated Native American tribes in California, which shaped the landscape for millennia with cultural, or prescribed, burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service doesn’t comment on pending lawsuits. But \u003ca href=\"https://parkplanning.nps.gov/document.cfm?parkID=342&projectID=107200&documentID=131953\">in public documents\u003c/a>, it responded that language in the Wilderness Act mandates that the land be “protected and managed so as to preserve its natural conditions,” and the act doesn’t infringe on the agency’s responsibility to preserve the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation groups’ lawsuit also contends that sequoias in severely burned areas could regenerate on their own. Sequoia seedlings tend to do best in places that have burned more intensely since it clears out vegetation that shades the forest floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not worried about it because the system is massively and redundantly resilient to these sorts of disturbances,” says Chad Hanson, director of the John Muir Project, another group that joined the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991574\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991574\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0009_custom-fc1a11c18f2b2a5a05261042cce54f2e69a42616-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0009_custom-fc1a11c18f2b2a5a05261042cce54f2e69a42616-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0009_custom-fc1a11c18f2b2a5a05261042cce54f2e69a42616-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0009_custom-fc1a11c18f2b2a5a05261042cce54f2e69a42616-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0009_custom-fc1a11c18f2b2a5a05261042cce54f2e69a42616-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0009_custom-fc1a11c18f2b2a5a05261042cce54f2e69a42616-s1300-c85-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“These parks were in part established to conserve sequoias,” says Christy Brigham of the National Park Service. “What would it mean for that mission if we did nothing here?” \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hanson contends that any number of sequoia seedlings, no matter how low, is adequate for the groves to endure into the future. However, numerous scientific studies show that sequoia seedlings have high rates of mortality over the first few centuries of life, with more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47941096#page/20/mode/1up\">90% dying in the first 20 years alone\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In proposing the project, the National Park Service says climate change poses an even greater risk that sequoia seedlings will struggle to get established. Hanson says he’d prefer that the park service monitor the seedlings’ survival before making a decision to replant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I would say is if they start dying at high levels, which is inconsistent with the data we’ve had up until this point, then I would have to evaluate my assumptions and maybe would need to do something there,” Hanson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991575\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991575\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0176-2_custom-564d5e3fb2efba9cd39533185311d638efd8c740-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0176-2_custom-564d5e3fb2efba9cd39533185311d638efd8c740-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0176-2_custom-564d5e3fb2efba9cd39533185311d638efd8c740-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0176-2_custom-564d5e3fb2efba9cd39533185311d638efd8c740-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0176-2_custom-564d5e3fb2efba9cd39533185311d638efd8c740-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0176-2_custom-564d5e3fb2efba9cd39533185311d638efd8c740-s1300-c85-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Light streams through the trees in Grant Grove in Kings Canyon National Park. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The debate is a sign of the increasingly complex decisions land managers are facing in a hotter climate. In the face of unprecedented impacts, the risk of losing species only worsens. Managers have to weigh bigger and bigger human interventions if they seek to preserve what’s left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brigham says that as one of the largest and longest-living species on the planet, giant sequoia trees are forcing that conversation to happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You cannot look at them without thinking about 1,000 years in the future,” Brigham says. “They demand better of us. And I think we need that. We need those species that are being impacted by climate change that we love to be, like, hey, I think you can do better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wildfires+are+killing+California%27s+ancient+giants.+Can+seedlings+save+the+species%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Extreme wildfires have destroyed about one-fifth of all giant sequoia trees. To safeguard their future, the National Park Service is planting seedlings that could better survive a hotter climate.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1709058199,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":44,"wordCount":2423},"headData":{"title":"Wildfires Are Killing California's Ancient Giants. Can Seedlings Save the Species? | KQED","description":"Extreme wildfires have destroyed about one-fifth of all giant sequoia trees. To safeguard their future, the National Park Service is planting seedlings that could better survive a hotter climate.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Wildfires Are Killing California's Ancient Giants. Can Seedlings Save the Species?","datePublished":"2024-02-27T12:00:13.000Z","dateModified":"2024-02-27T18:23:19.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Ryan Kellman","nprByline":"\u003ca>Lauren Sommer, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/513324587/ryan-kellman\">Ryan Kellman","nprImageAgency":"NPR","nprStoryId":"1232963498","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1232963498&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/26/1232963498/sequoias-wildfires-climate-change-replanting?ft=nprml&f=1232963498","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 26 Feb 2024 05:00:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 26 Feb 2024 05:00:10 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 26 Feb 2024 05:00:10 -0500","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991547/wildfires-are-killing-californias-ancient-giants-can-seedlings-save-the-species","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a late autumn day, a team of forestry workers spreads out among the burned trunks of giant sequoia trees. The 1,000-year-old trees in the grove are dead but still standing, killed in an extreme wildfire that raced through Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the shadow of one of the trees, the crew gets to work, pulling tiny, 4-inch seedlings out of bags clipped to their belts and tucking them into the dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wish it some luck, and that’s it,” says Micah Craig of the Eastern Sierra Conservation Corps, standing back to look at the young sequoia. He then grabs another seedling, part of a historic planting effort that the National Park Service hopes will be enough to preserve one of the world’s most iconic species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991564\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1991564 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9999_custom-97507e99af8b762a4029b26d5427f402a20fca1d-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9999_custom-97507e99af8b762a4029b26d5427f402a20fca1d-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9999_custom-97507e99af8b762a4029b26d5427f402a20fca1d-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9999_custom-97507e99af8b762a4029b26d5427f402a20fca1d-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9999_custom-97507e99af8b762a4029b26d5427f402a20fca1d-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9999_custom-97507e99af8b762a4029b26d5427f402a20fca1d-s1300-c85-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ecologists estimate that up to 14,000 sequoias have been killed in recent wildfires, a shocking number for a species that was thought to survive most fires. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over only two years, about one-fifth of all giant sequoias have been killed in extreme wildfires in California. The numbers shocked ecologists since the enormous trees can live more than 2,000 years and have evolved to live with frequent, low-intensity fires in the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent fires have burned bigger and more intensely than sequoias are accustomed to, a result of the way humans have changed the forest. After the 2020 and 2021 fires, scientists watched the sequoia groves to see if the next generation of trees is emerging to replace their lost parents. In some places, seedlings are filling the forest floor. In others, fewer are emerging from the burned soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smaller numbers of seedlings concerned scientists and the National Park Service. So, in a historic step, the agency, for the first time, has begun replanting some severely burned areas. With a life span of thousands of years, the new seedlings will grow up in a climate that’s rapidly changing. So, park officials are bringing in seedlings from other sequoia groves, ones that may have the genetic tools to handle a more hostile future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991565\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991565\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/triptych-copy_custom-aba63a380fe8b5154c5bbefa59a5d34391c14706-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"1305\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/triptych-copy_custom-aba63a380fe8b5154c5bbefa59a5d34391c14706-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/triptych-copy_custom-aba63a380fe8b5154c5bbefa59a5d34391c14706-s1300-c85-800x803.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/triptych-copy_custom-aba63a380fe8b5154c5bbefa59a5d34391c14706-s1300-c85-1020x1024.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/triptych-copy_custom-aba63a380fe8b5154c5bbefa59a5d34391c14706-s1300-c85-160x161.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/triptych-copy_custom-aba63a380fe8b5154c5bbefa59a5d34391c14706-s1300-c85-768x771.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With so many ancient trees killed, the National Park Service has sprouted hundreds of sequoia seedlings to replant the severely burned areas, along with other species normally found there like white fir and sugar pines. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The project has run into opposition. A handful of conservation groups are suing to halt the effort, arguing that such intervention shouldn’t occur in an area designated as federal wilderness and that the sequoia trees could possibly regenerate adequately on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate is one occurring on public lands across the country as the impacts of climate change get worse. Land managers face a key question: As humans take an increasing toll on natural landscapes, how far should we go to fix it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991551\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991551\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0143-4701444110d81d883803d7f55e030103ea55df99-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sequoia National Park was created in 1890 to protect the mammoth trees for the public. Along with Kings Canyon National Park, the two parks are home to about 40% of all sequoias. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A carpet of green\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Hopeful signs have emerged in the wake of the KNP Complex Fire, which tore through Sequoia National Park in 2021. The forest floor is still scorched black, but in some areas, thousands of lime-green sequoia seedlings have sprung up a few inches high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s awesome,” says Christy Brigham, chief of resources management and science at Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. “This is what has happened for millennia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lifecycle of sequoias is bound to fire. The massive trees, often 15 feet around, are protected from the heat by a thick, shaggy bark. Their lowest branches are far from the forest floor, reducing the chances they’ll ignite when smaller trees burn. And when a fire’s heat rises, the sequoias’ cones open up, releasing thousands of seeds. Those seeds sprout quickly in the newly cleared soil below their parent trees. Most of the seedlings will die, eventually leaving only one or two giant trees centuries from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991566\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1991566 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/sap_1_custom-3e6531fb937b4d33bb53fd0ded107ff441cb96f7-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/sap_1_custom-3e6531fb937b4d33bb53fd0ded107ff441cb96f7-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/sap_1_custom-3e6531fb937b4d33bb53fd0ded107ff441cb96f7-s1300-c85-800x264.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/sap_1_custom-3e6531fb937b4d33bb53fd0ded107ff441cb96f7-s1300-c85-1020x337.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/sap_1_custom-3e6531fb937b4d33bb53fd0ded107ff441cb96f7-s1300-c85-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/sap_1_custom-3e6531fb937b4d33bb53fd0ded107ff441cb96f7-s1300-c85-768x253.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some areas of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks show a carpet of green — thousands of sequoia seedlings poking a few inches above the ground. In more severely burned areas, there are fewer emerging from the soil. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Lots of bad things are going to happen to these,” Brigham says, looking down at the carpet of green. “Another fire, fire after fire, before they get that big. Dead trees are going to fall on them. So they make a lot. A lot, a lot, a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High above, the thousand-year-old sequoias in this part of Redwood Mountain Grove are still alive, their broccoli-shaped tops still green. The fire burned at low or moderate intensity here because the forest floor was relatively clear of brush and other vegetation that could burn. National Park Service crews had previously done prescribed burns, purposely using fire to remove the dry, dead fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991567\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991567\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0097_custom-4221da9369a4b356244c27dca988397cdbe1d694-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0097_custom-4221da9369a4b356244c27dca988397cdbe1d694-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0097_custom-4221da9369a4b356244c27dca988397cdbe1d694-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0097_custom-4221da9369a4b356244c27dca988397cdbe1d694-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0097_custom-4221da9369a4b356244c27dca988397cdbe1d694-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0097_custom-4221da9369a4b356244c27dca988397cdbe1d694-s1300-c85-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sequoia trees are susceptible to heat and drought, conditions that are expected to get more extreme as the climate keeps changing. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Gates of Mordor\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Farther down the trail, it’s a different story. Many of the giant sequoias have little or no green foliage left, their bare, jagged branches rising high above the rest of the forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have now arrived at the location we call the Gates of Mordor,” Brigham says. “These trees are not coming back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The KNP Complex Fire roared up this sequoia grove in less than a day. Fire crews made a last-ditch effort to save some of the enormous trees, clearing the vegetation around them as the flames moved in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was horrible,” Brigham says. “I don’t think I’ve cried so much in my entire life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991568\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991568\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0086_custom-25e1a08104985a1944cd691c3b94db2c2791b3f0-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0086_custom-25e1a08104985a1944cd691c3b94db2c2791b3f0-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0086_custom-25e1a08104985a1944cd691c3b94db2c2791b3f0-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0086_custom-25e1a08104985a1944cd691c3b94db2c2791b3f0-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0086_custom-25e1a08104985a1944cd691c3b94db2c2791b3f0-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0086_custom-25e1a08104985a1944cd691c3b94db2c2791b3f0-s1300-c85-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Smaller pines and other trees, killed in California’s extreme droughts, acted as kindling in recent wildfires, fueling the intense burning. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The forest here was primed to burn. Historically, the Sierra Nevada saw regular low-grade wildfires caused by lightning strikes and set by Native American tribes \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/24/899422710/to-manage-wildfire-california-looks-to-what-tribes-have-known-all-along\">who shaped the landscape through controlled burning\u003c/a>. But for the last century, humans have extinguished wildfires, allowing dead and dry vegetation to build up on the forest floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme drought, exacerbated by climate change, has also led to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/r5/news-events/?cid=FSEPRD1088646\">millions of smaller trees dying\u003c/a> in recent years. Water-stressed pines and other trees were more vulnerable to attacks from bark beetles. Researchers found that the \u003ca href=\"https://news.uci.edu/2023/09/25/uc-irvine-scientists-reveal-what-fuels-wildfires-in-sierra-nevada-mountains/\">dead trees acted as kindling, contributing to the extreme heat\u003c/a> and intensity of the KNP Complex Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with two other extreme fires in 2020–21, between \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/2021-fire-season-impacts-to-giant-sequoias.htm\">13% and 19% of all giant sequoias were killed\u003c/a>, up to more than 14,000 trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991569\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991569\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/following1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christy Brigham walks through Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have never seen anything like this in giant sequoia,” Brigham says. “Large giant sequoias, before now, survived wildfire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so many giant trees gone, teams from several federal agencies turned to another key issue: the next generation of sequoias. They surveyed how many seedlings are growing below the burned trees. \u003ca href=\"https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/view/5433/\">Two\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://ecoevorxiv.org/repository/view/5457/\">studies\u003c/a> from scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey found that some of the severely burned areas have lower densities of sequoia seedlings compared to the numbers found after previous fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brigham says it’s possible that too many sequoia cones and their seeds burned up in the fire. But with fewer adult trees left alive to make seeds in the future, there’s a risk some of this sequoia grove won’t come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These parks were in part established to conserve sequoias,” Brigham says. “What would it mean for that mission if we did nothing here?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991570\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991570\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9920_custom-51f8b8e47a06557d1b51bf3d56ece980a640df23-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9920_custom-51f8b8e47a06557d1b51bf3d56ece980a640df23-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9920_custom-51f8b8e47a06557d1b51bf3d56ece980a640df23-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9920_custom-51f8b8e47a06557d1b51bf3d56ece980a640df23-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9920_custom-51f8b8e47a06557d1b51bf3d56ece980a640df23-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9920_custom-51f8b8e47a06557d1b51bf3d56ece980a640df23-s1300-c85-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mules and horses are stationed at a trailhead to help transport seedlings deep into the park. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A replanting effort begins\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the late afternoon, a line of mules winds its way through the burned sequoia grove. On their backs, they carry boxes of sequoia seedlings deep into the backcountry. A crew from the Eastern Sierra Conservation Corps takes the seedlings on the last steps of their journey, searching for planting spots that offer some protection from the upcoming summer heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Planting sequoias, that’s a legacy thing. Something we were all stoked to do that will transcend after us,” says crew member Micah Craig.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991571\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991571\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/dip2_custom-73668552806d16ffb0c6dacae938e5f448bd74e8-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"596\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/dip2_custom-73668552806d16ffb0c6dacae938e5f448bd74e8-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/dip2_custom-73668552806d16ffb0c6dacae938e5f448bd74e8-s1300-c85-800x367.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/dip2_custom-73668552806d16ffb0c6dacae938e5f448bd74e8-s1300-c85-1020x468.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/dip2_custom-73668552806d16ffb0c6dacae938e5f448bd74e8-s1300-c85-160x73.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/dip2_custom-73668552806d16ffb0c6dacae938e5f448bd74e8-s1300-c85-768x352.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Micah Craig and a team from the Eastern Sierra Conservation Corps replant sequoia seedlings. Some are from groves already experiencing hotter, drier conditions, which could give them a better shot at withstanding climate change. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of these sequoia seedlings were grown from seeds collected from this same grove. But 20% come from seeds collected from other groves. Sequoia seedlings are vulnerable to heat and drought, conditions that will get more extreme as the climate keeps changing. With that in mind, managers selected seeds from groves at lower elevations that already naturally live in hotter conditions. The idea is to increase the genetic diversity in case those trees are better adapted to a hotter, drier future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have the ability to give this grove a little bit of a bigger toolkit for adapting to changing conditions, and that’s what we’re trying to do,” Brigham says. “We’re asking a lot of these trees to survive for 400 years, 1,000 years, and they can do it, but let’s give them a little help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991572\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991572\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a9959-2_custom-e9b7b11a792ea7cf1dc6e8b853ed55ebbbfb0a4d-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a9959-2_custom-e9b7b11a792ea7cf1dc6e8b853ed55ebbbfb0a4d-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a9959-2_custom-e9b7b11a792ea7cf1dc6e8b853ed55ebbbfb0a4d-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a9959-2_custom-e9b7b11a792ea7cf1dc6e8b853ed55ebbbfb0a4d-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a9959-2_custom-e9b7b11a792ea7cf1dc6e8b853ed55ebbbfb0a4d-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a9959-2_custom-e9b7b11a792ea7cf1dc6e8b853ed55ebbbfb0a4d-s1300-c85-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mule train delivers boxes of sequoia seedlings through shrubs that have sprung up in the wake of the KNP Complex Fire. Sequoia seedlings do best in the first few years after a fire when there’s little vegetation to shade them out. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The technique, known as “assisted gene flow,” has been used in a handful of cases already to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2110559118\">help coral survive a hotter climate\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanforests.org/article/the-race-to-save-the-whitebark-pine/\">whitebark pine trees resist disease\u003c/a>. It’s part of a larger toolkit land managers are beginning to consider as ecosystems struggle to keep up with climate change. The National Park Service has developed a new framework for considering when to intervene, known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/subjects/climatechange/resistacceptdirect.htm\">“resist, accept, or direct\u003c/a>,” acknowledging that some ecosystems will need help to resist changes, while in others, change may be inevitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Lawsuit filed to stop replanting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A group of four conservation groups \u003ca href=\"https://wildernesswatch.org/lawsuit-filed-to-protect-seki\">is suing to halt the project\u003c/a>, contending that because the sequoia groves are protected under the federal Wilderness Act, a higher level of intervention isn’t appropriate. They argue that having wilderness protection means the land should remain untouched, even if that means losing sequoias there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to allow nature some places where human beings aren’t trying to be the managers, aren’t trying to be the gardeners,” says George Nickas, executive director of Wilderness Watch, one of the groups that filed suit. “Because we’re the ones that messed it up, it doesn’t flow that we’re the ones to fix it. That’s that sort of arrogance of humanism, if you will. That’s when we need to learn to step back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1991573\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9967_custom-bd62b7ff8767a0ef8b596749df9464c66cc5b2af-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9967_custom-bd62b7ff8767a0ef8b596749df9464c66cc5b2af-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9967_custom-bd62b7ff8767a0ef8b596749df9464c66cc5b2af-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9967_custom-bd62b7ff8767a0ef8b596749df9464c66cc5b2af-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9967_custom-bd62b7ff8767a0ef8b596749df9464c66cc5b2af-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a9967_custom-bd62b7ff8767a0ef8b596749df9464c66cc5b2af-s1300-c85-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wilderness Act specifies that protected areas should be “untrammeled by man.” That framing has frustrated Native American tribes in California, which shaped the landscape for millennia with cultural, or prescribed, burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service doesn’t comment on pending lawsuits. But \u003ca href=\"https://parkplanning.nps.gov/document.cfm?parkID=342&projectID=107200&documentID=131953\">in public documents\u003c/a>, it responded that language in the Wilderness Act mandates that the land be “protected and managed so as to preserve its natural conditions,” and the act doesn’t infringe on the agency’s responsibility to preserve the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation groups’ lawsuit also contends that sequoias in severely burned areas could regenerate on their own. Sequoia seedlings tend to do best in places that have burned more intensely since it clears out vegetation that shades the forest floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not worried about it because the system is massively and redundantly resilient to these sorts of disturbances,” says Chad Hanson, director of the John Muir Project, another group that joined the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991574\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991574\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0009_custom-fc1a11c18f2b2a5a05261042cce54f2e69a42616-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0009_custom-fc1a11c18f2b2a5a05261042cce54f2e69a42616-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0009_custom-fc1a11c18f2b2a5a05261042cce54f2e69a42616-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0009_custom-fc1a11c18f2b2a5a05261042cce54f2e69a42616-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0009_custom-fc1a11c18f2b2a5a05261042cce54f2e69a42616-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/0b6a0009_custom-fc1a11c18f2b2a5a05261042cce54f2e69a42616-s1300-c85-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“These parks were in part established to conserve sequoias,” says Christy Brigham of the National Park Service. “What would it mean for that mission if we did nothing here?” \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hanson contends that any number of sequoia seedlings, no matter how low, is adequate for the groves to endure into the future. However, numerous scientific studies show that sequoia seedlings have high rates of mortality over the first few centuries of life, with more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47941096#page/20/mode/1up\">90% dying in the first 20 years alone\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In proposing the project, the National Park Service says climate change poses an even greater risk that sequoia seedlings will struggle to get established. Hanson says he’d prefer that the park service monitor the seedlings’ survival before making a decision to replant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I would say is if they start dying at high levels, which is inconsistent with the data we’ve had up until this point, then I would have to evaluate my assumptions and maybe would need to do something there,” Hanson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991575\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991575\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0176-2_custom-564d5e3fb2efba9cd39533185311d638efd8c740-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0176-2_custom-564d5e3fb2efba9cd39533185311d638efd8c740-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0176-2_custom-564d5e3fb2efba9cd39533185311d638efd8c740-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0176-2_custom-564d5e3fb2efba9cd39533185311d638efd8c740-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0176-2_custom-564d5e3fb2efba9cd39533185311d638efd8c740-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/02/d9a0176-2_custom-564d5e3fb2efba9cd39533185311d638efd8c740-s1300-c85-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Light streams through the trees in Grant Grove in Kings Canyon National Park. \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The debate is a sign of the increasingly complex decisions land managers are facing in a hotter climate. In the face of unprecedented impacts, the risk of losing species only worsens. Managers have to weigh bigger and bigger human interventions if they seek to preserve what’s left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brigham says that as one of the largest and longest-living species on the planet, giant sequoia trees are forcing that conversation to happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You cannot look at them without thinking about 1,000 years in the future,” Brigham says. “They demand better of us. And I think we need that. We need those species that are being impacted by climate change that we love to be, like, hey, I think you can do better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wildfires+are+killing+California%27s+ancient+giants.+Can+seedlings+save+the+species%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991547/wildfires-are-killing-californias-ancient-giants-can-seedlings-save-the-species","authors":["byline_science_1991547"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_4877","science_182","science_194","science_205","science_4417","science_4414","science_956"],"featImg":"science_1991548","label":"source_science_1991547"},"science_1991432":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991432","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1991432","score":null,"sort":[1707942335000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-releases-formal-proposal-to-end-fracking-in-the-state","title":"California Releases Formal Proposal to End Fracking in the State","publishDate":1707942335,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Releases Formal Proposal to End Fracking in the State | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>California oil and gas regulators have formally released \u003ca href=\"https://www.conservation.ca.gov/calgem/Pages/Oil,-Gas,-and-Geothermal-Rulemaking-and-Laws.aspx\">their plan\u003c/a> to phase out fracking three years after essentially halting new permits for the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Geologic Energy Management Division (CalGEM) \u003ca href=\"https://www.conservation.ca.gov/calgem/Documents/1.%20WST%20Text%20of%20the%20Regulation.pdf\">wrote that they would not approve (PDF)\u003c/a> applications for permits for well stimulation treatments like fracking to “\u003ca href=\"https://www.conservation.ca.gov/calgem/Documents/3.%20WST%20Initial%20Statement%20of%20Reasons.pdf\">prevent damage to life, health, property, and natural resources (PDF)\u003c/a>” in addition to protecting public health and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve made it clear I don’t see a role for fracking in that future and, similarly, believe that California needs to move beyond oil,” Gov. Gavin Newsom said \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/04/23/governor-newsom-takes-action-to-phase-out-oil-extraction-in-california/\">in a statement in 2021\u003c/a> when he initiated regulatory action to phase out new fracking permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydraulic fracturing injects liquids, mostly water, underground at high pressure to extract oil or gas. Oil companies say fracking has been done safely for years under state regulation and that a ban should come from the Legislature, not a state agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Chirag Bhakta, California director, Food & Water Watch\"]‘Fracking is a very dangerous, climate-change-accelerating, water-polluting, earthquake-causing process. … We’re really happy that California is finally taking the formal steps to officially ban some fracking in the state.’[/pullquote]“These things truly exceed the limits of CalGEM’s legal authority,” said Kevin Slagle, vice president of strategy and communications at the Western States Petroleum Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slagle said the policy would include trade-offs for the state’s energy supplies. “They have been rapidly shrinking under this administration. And when you shrink supplies, that typically means higher costs for consumers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, environmental groups say fracking pollutes groundwater and the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fracking is a very dangerous, climate-change-accelerating, water-polluting, earthquake-causing process,” said Chirag Bhakta, California director at the environmental group Food & Water Watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really happy that California is finally taking the formal steps to officially ban some fracking in the state,” Bhakta said. But he said the proposed regulations do not address other widely-used well-stimulation methods such as steam injection fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This move will likely rekindle a longstanding debate over whether to continue producing oil in Kern County, where most of the state’s fracking occurs. \u003ca href=\"https://www.conservation.ca.gov/calgem/Documents/4.%20WST%20Standardized%20Regulatory%20Impact%20Assessment.pdf\">State analysis (PDF)\u003c/a> said the new plan would hurt the county’s economy and significantly lower their property tax revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Maricruz Ramirez, a community organizer with the nonprofit Center on Race, Poverty and the Environment, who is based in Kern County, applauded the move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fracking has long posed a threat to public health, clean air, and water. Banning it in California prioritizes communities over the oil industry, especially in Kern County,” Ramirez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has not approved fracking permits in the last three years, and oil and gas representatives say the state agency has overstepped its authority and that a ban on fracking should be in the hands of the Legislature instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The public can comment on the proposal until 11:50 p.m. on March 27. Comments can be submitted by email to calgemregulations@conservation.ca.gov or by mail to the Department of Conservation, 715 P Street, MS 19-07 Sacramento, CA 95814, ATTN: Well Stimulation Permitting Phase-Out.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A public hearing will be held at 5:30 p.m. on March 26. You can register \u003ca href=\"https://us06web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_9zermeFDRJGhlZLJpLZrAA\">here\u003c/a> or join by telephone:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cem>404-443-6397 (English), \u003c/em>\u003cem>877-336-1831 (English), Conf Code: 148676 \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>888-455-1820 (Español), Código: 3167375\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Gov. Gavin Newsom follows up on his 2021 vision to permanently end fracking in California in pursuit of California’s target of 100% clean energy by 2045.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1707950795,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":17,"wordCount":602},"headData":{"title":"California Releases Formal Proposal to End Fracking in the State | KQED","description":"Gov. Gavin Newsom follows up on his 2021 vision to permanently end fracking in California in pursuit of California’s target of 100% clean energy by 2045.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Releases Formal Proposal to End Fracking in the State","datePublished":"2024-02-14T20:25:35.000Z","dateModified":"2024-02-14T22:46:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991432/california-releases-formal-proposal-to-end-fracking-in-the-state","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California oil and gas regulators have formally released \u003ca href=\"https://www.conservation.ca.gov/calgem/Pages/Oil,-Gas,-and-Geothermal-Rulemaking-and-Laws.aspx\">their plan\u003c/a> to phase out fracking three years after essentially halting new permits for the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Geologic Energy Management Division (CalGEM) \u003ca href=\"https://www.conservation.ca.gov/calgem/Documents/1.%20WST%20Text%20of%20the%20Regulation.pdf\">wrote that they would not approve (PDF)\u003c/a> applications for permits for well stimulation treatments like fracking to “\u003ca href=\"https://www.conservation.ca.gov/calgem/Documents/3.%20WST%20Initial%20Statement%20of%20Reasons.pdf\">prevent damage to life, health, property, and natural resources (PDF)\u003c/a>” in addition to protecting public health and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve made it clear I don’t see a role for fracking in that future and, similarly, believe that California needs to move beyond oil,” Gov. Gavin Newsom said \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/04/23/governor-newsom-takes-action-to-phase-out-oil-extraction-in-california/\">in a statement in 2021\u003c/a> when he initiated regulatory action to phase out new fracking permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydraulic fracturing injects liquids, mostly water, underground at high pressure to extract oil or gas. Oil companies say fracking has been done safely for years under state regulation and that a ban should come from the Legislature, not a state agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Fracking is a very dangerous, climate-change-accelerating, water-polluting, earthquake-causing process. … We’re really happy that California is finally taking the formal steps to officially ban some fracking in the state.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Chirag Bhakta, California director, Food & Water Watch","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“These things truly exceed the limits of CalGEM’s legal authority,” said Kevin Slagle, vice president of strategy and communications at the Western States Petroleum Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slagle said the policy would include trade-offs for the state’s energy supplies. “They have been rapidly shrinking under this administration. And when you shrink supplies, that typically means higher costs for consumers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, environmental groups say fracking pollutes groundwater and the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fracking is a very dangerous, climate-change-accelerating, water-polluting, earthquake-causing process,” said Chirag Bhakta, California director at the environmental group Food & Water Watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really happy that California is finally taking the formal steps to officially ban some fracking in the state,” Bhakta said. But he said the proposed regulations do not address other widely-used well-stimulation methods such as steam injection fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This move will likely rekindle a longstanding debate over whether to continue producing oil in Kern County, where most of the state’s fracking occurs. \u003ca href=\"https://www.conservation.ca.gov/calgem/Documents/4.%20WST%20Standardized%20Regulatory%20Impact%20Assessment.pdf\">State analysis (PDF)\u003c/a> said the new plan would hurt the county’s economy and significantly lower their property tax revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Maricruz Ramirez, a community organizer with the nonprofit Center on Race, Poverty and the Environment, who is based in Kern County, applauded the move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fracking has long posed a threat to public health, clean air, and water. Banning it in California prioritizes communities over the oil industry, especially in Kern County,” Ramirez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has not approved fracking permits in the last three years, and oil and gas representatives say the state agency has overstepped its authority and that a ban on fracking should be in the hands of the Legislature instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The public can comment on the proposal until 11:50 p.m. on March 27. Comments can be submitted by email to calgemregulations@conservation.ca.gov or by mail to the Department of Conservation, 715 P Street, MS 19-07 Sacramento, CA 95814, ATTN: Well Stimulation Permitting Phase-Out.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A public hearing will be held at 5:30 p.m. on March 26. You can register \u003ca href=\"https://us06web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_9zermeFDRJGhlZLJpLZrAA\">here\u003c/a> or join by telephone:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cem>404-443-6397 (English), \u003c/em>\u003cem>877-336-1831 (English), Conf Code: 148676 \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>888-455-1820 (Español), Código: 3167375\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991432/california-releases-formal-proposal-to-end-fracking-in-the-state","authors":["8648"],"categories":["science_31","science_33","science_35","science_38","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_2889","science_182","science_192","science_4417","science_4414","science_429","science_4008","science_952"],"featImg":"science_1991462","label":"science"},"science_1991404":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991404","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1991404","score":null,"sort":[1707912050000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"california-solar-customers-industry-brace-for-impact-of-reduced-state-incentives","title":"California Solar Customers, Industry Brace for Impact of Reduced State Incentives","publishDate":1707912050,"format":"standard","headTitle":"California Solar Customers, Industry Brace for Impact of Reduced State Incentives | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Caitlin Quinn remembers seeing the first solar panels go up in Petaluma City Schools as a high school student. The panels helped “normalize” green energy and were a learning opportunity, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Quinn is the school district’s board president, where she is exploring opportunities to install more solar. Already, solar energy accounts for between about 40% and 70% of energy use per campus. But she’s worried that a state decision to reduce rooftop solar incentives could drive up costs and hurt the district’s efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it better to keep investing in solar when it saves less money or pay our teachers enough so they can afford to live in Sonoma County?” she said. “These are not decisions we want to be making.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Caitlin Quinn, board president, Petaluma City Schools\"]‘Is it better to keep investing in solar when it saves less money or pay our teachers enough so they can afford to live in Sonoma County? These are not decisions we want to be making.’[/pullquote]Starting Valentine’s Day, a controversial new rate will take effect across California, reducing the cost savings of installing solar for customers with more than one electric meter, a category that includes many schools, apartment buildings and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New customers will be credited about 80% less for the energy they produce and sell back to the grid, according to solar advocates. Additionally, most non-residential customers with more than one meter will be charged for the electricity they consume at full retail price, even during the sunny hours when their equipment is generating power. Meanwhile, the solar energy they generate is sold back to their provider at a reduced rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the California Public Utilities Commission assumes that electricity generated by solar homes is used on-site and doesn’t require customers to be charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar advocates said that these changes will further drive down demand for solar, putting additional strain on an industry that has suffered since a similar policy went into effect for homeowners last April. These changes could also threaten the state’s efforts to meet its goal of 100% clean power by 2045, solar advocates said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is sabotaging its clean energy goals with this decision,” said Bernadette Del Chiaro, executive director of the California Solar and Storage Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC, on the other hand, described the changes as an effort to “modernize” solar regulations. (The regulatory agency did not respond to questions sent by KQED and instead directed the publication to two \u003ca href=\"https://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M520/K893/520893708.PDF\">press\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/-/media/cpuc-website/divisions/energy-division/documents/net-energy-metering-nem/nemrevisit/vnem-pd-fact-sheet-update-111323.pdf\">releases [PDFs]\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11963769,news_11969614,science_1985611\"]The commission has in the past argued that the reduced rates better reflect the true value that solar customers provide to the grid and could temper the state’s soaring electricity bills, which are some of the highest in the country. The changes are also designed to incentivize customers to install battery storage, which could bolster grid reliability, the commission said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy experts said these goals have merit: “In order to achieve our renewable goals, we need to build a lot of solar, period,” said Michael Wara, director of the climate and energy policy program at Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment. “But we need to make sure we do it in a way that’s fair and equitable for all Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wara said the previous rates did not reflect the cost solar customers impose on the grid by using it as a “giant battery” — feeding power into it in the daytime and taking it out at night. He said the old incentives shifted costs onto customers without solar, contributing to rate increases, which disproportionately affect Californians with lower incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commission officials’ rationale has not appeased the broad coalition of groups that assembled to oppose the new regulations, which regulators unanimously approved in November and are taking effect after a 90-day grace period. Climate advocacy groups, farmers, school districts and elected officials all \u003ca href=\"https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/solar/california-makes-it-harder-for-schools-farms-and-rental-housing-to-go-solar\">wrote\u003c/a> to regulators in advance of the decision, detailing the ways the changes would hurt their ability to install solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Unified School District Board President Sam Davis said the district’s goal of achieving 100% clean electricity by 2030 and completing new school construction and renovation with high environmental standards is a “no-brainer.” But the new rates, he said, will make it harder to afford additional solar panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It feels very hypocritical,” he said of the state’s latest policy change. “We say we’re about building a green economy and addressing climate change, but then we’re not supporting school districts’ ability to put in green infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reduced incentives could also exacerbate the challenges facing California’s strained solar industry. The California Solar and Storage Association estimates that about 17,000 solar workers lost their jobs by the end of 2023 after a similar rate structure went into effect for single-meter customers in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These layoffs are continuing into the New Year. San Francisco-based solar company Sunrun, one of the largest solar installers in the country, laid off 88 workers in California in January, according to Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act filings. This follows the company laying off roughly 1,000 direct employees in California in the second half of 2023, according to Sunrun’s vice president of public policy, Walker Wright.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Sam Davis, board president, Oakland Unified School District\"]‘It feels very hypocritical. We say we’re about building a green economy and addressing climate change, but then we’re not supporting school districts’ ability to put in green infrastructure.’[/pullquote]Del Chiaro said the latest decision would especially affect solar businesses that specialize in commercial installations, which she estimates constitute about a third of California’s solar industry. She anticipates that the industry will see layoffs rise again in the summer after these companies work through the backlog of projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve decimated that market going forward,” she said, adding that she is concerned about the impact the decision will have on the state’s climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These climate concerns were shared by the school district officials and others who have spoken out against the changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC \u003ca href=\"https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/clean-energy/california-ups-renewables-target-again-with-new-plan-to-add-85gw-by-2035\">aims\u003c/a> to add about 86,000 megawatts of electric resources to the grid by 2035, which would more than double the state’s existing capacity. Of that total, the plan calls for about 39,000 megawatts of solar power and 28,000 megawatts of battery storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wara, the Stanford researcher, was more reserved in his judgment. He said the state needed to set a rate structure that incentivized more storage, but it is not yet clear whether they struck the right balance between promoting increased storage and energy generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s too soon to know,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was reported in partnership with \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://biglocalnews.org/content/about/\">\u003cem>Big Local News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> at Stanford University.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Solar advocates say a controversial new rate that takes effect across California today will further drive down demand for solar and threaten the state’s efforts to meet its goal of 100% clean power by 2045.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1707933889,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1201},"headData":{"title":"California Solar Customers, Industry Brace for Impact of Reduced State Incentives | KQED","description":"Solar advocates say a controversial new rate that takes effect across California today will further drive down demand for solar and threaten the state’s efforts to meet its goal of 100% clean power by 2045.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"California Solar Customers, Industry Brace for Impact of Reduced State Incentives","datePublished":"2024-02-14T12:00:50.000Z","dateModified":"2024-02-14T18:04:49.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kate_selig?lang=en\">Kate Selig\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991404/california-solar-customers-industry-brace-for-impact-of-reduced-state-incentives","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Caitlin Quinn remembers seeing the first solar panels go up in Petaluma City Schools as a high school student. The panels helped “normalize” green energy and were a learning opportunity, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Quinn is the school district’s board president, where she is exploring opportunities to install more solar. Already, solar energy accounts for between about 40% and 70% of energy use per campus. But she’s worried that a state decision to reduce rooftop solar incentives could drive up costs and hurt the district’s efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it better to keep investing in solar when it saves less money or pay our teachers enough so they can afford to live in Sonoma County?” she said. “These are not decisions we want to be making.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘Is it better to keep investing in solar when it saves less money or pay our teachers enough so they can afford to live in Sonoma County? These are not decisions we want to be making.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Caitlin Quinn, board president, Petaluma City Schools","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Starting Valentine’s Day, a controversial new rate will take effect across California, reducing the cost savings of installing solar for customers with more than one electric meter, a category that includes many schools, apartment buildings and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New customers will be credited about 80% less for the energy they produce and sell back to the grid, according to solar advocates. Additionally, most non-residential customers with more than one meter will be charged for the electricity they consume at full retail price, even during the sunny hours when their equipment is generating power. Meanwhile, the solar energy they generate is sold back to their provider at a reduced rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the California Public Utilities Commission assumes that electricity generated by solar homes is used on-site and doesn’t require customers to be charged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar advocates said that these changes will further drive down demand for solar, putting additional strain on an industry that has suffered since a similar policy went into effect for homeowners last April. These changes could also threaten the state’s efforts to meet its goal of 100% clean power by 2045, solar advocates said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is sabotaging its clean energy goals with this decision,” said Bernadette Del Chiaro, executive director of the California Solar and Storage Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC, on the other hand, described the changes as an effort to “modernize” solar regulations. (The regulatory agency did not respond to questions sent by KQED and instead directed the publication to two \u003ca href=\"https://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M520/K893/520893708.PDF\">press\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/-/media/cpuc-website/divisions/energy-division/documents/net-energy-metering-nem/nemrevisit/vnem-pd-fact-sheet-update-111323.pdf\">releases [PDFs]\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"Related Stories ","postid":"news_11963769,news_11969614,science_1985611"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The commission has in the past argued that the reduced rates better reflect the true value that solar customers provide to the grid and could temper the state’s soaring electricity bills, which are some of the highest in the country. The changes are also designed to incentivize customers to install battery storage, which could bolster grid reliability, the commission said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy experts said these goals have merit: “In order to achieve our renewable goals, we need to build a lot of solar, period,” said Michael Wara, director of the climate and energy policy program at Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment. “But we need to make sure we do it in a way that’s fair and equitable for all Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wara said the previous rates did not reflect the cost solar customers impose on the grid by using it as a “giant battery” — feeding power into it in the daytime and taking it out at night. He said the old incentives shifted costs onto customers without solar, contributing to rate increases, which disproportionately affect Californians with lower incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commission officials’ rationale has not appeased the broad coalition of groups that assembled to oppose the new regulations, which regulators unanimously approved in November and are taking effect after a 90-day grace period. Climate advocacy groups, farmers, school districts and elected officials all \u003ca href=\"https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/solar/california-makes-it-harder-for-schools-farms-and-rental-housing-to-go-solar\">wrote\u003c/a> to regulators in advance of the decision, detailing the ways the changes would hurt their ability to install solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Unified School District Board President Sam Davis said the district’s goal of achieving 100% clean electricity by 2030 and completing new school construction and renovation with high environmental standards is a “no-brainer.” But the new rates, he said, will make it harder to afford additional solar panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It feels very hypocritical,” he said of the state’s latest policy change. “We say we’re about building a green economy and addressing climate change, but then we’re not supporting school districts’ ability to put in green infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reduced incentives could also exacerbate the challenges facing California’s strained solar industry. The California Solar and Storage Association estimates that about 17,000 solar workers lost their jobs by the end of 2023 after a similar rate structure went into effect for single-meter customers in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These layoffs are continuing into the New Year. San Francisco-based solar company Sunrun, one of the largest solar installers in the country, laid off 88 workers in California in January, according to Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act filings. This follows the company laying off roughly 1,000 direct employees in California in the second half of 2023, according to Sunrun’s vice president of public policy, Walker Wright.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"‘It feels very hypocritical. We say we’re about building a green economy and addressing climate change, but then we’re not supporting school districts’ ability to put in green infrastructure.’","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"align":"right","size":"medium","citation":"Sam Davis, board president, Oakland Unified School District","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Del Chiaro said the latest decision would especially affect solar businesses that specialize in commercial installations, which she estimates constitute about a third of California’s solar industry. She anticipates that the industry will see layoffs rise again in the summer after these companies work through the backlog of projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve decimated that market going forward,” she said, adding that she is concerned about the impact the decision will have on the state’s climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These climate concerns were shared by the school district officials and others who have spoken out against the changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPUC \u003ca href=\"https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/clean-energy/california-ups-renewables-target-again-with-new-plan-to-add-85gw-by-2035\">aims\u003c/a> to add about 86,000 megawatts of electric resources to the grid by 2035, which would more than double the state’s existing capacity. Of that total, the plan calls for about 39,000 megawatts of solar power and 28,000 megawatts of battery storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wara, the Stanford researcher, was more reserved in his judgment. He said the state needed to set a rate structure that incentivized more storage, but it is not yet clear whether they struck the right balance between promoting increased storage and energy generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s too soon to know,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was reported in partnership with \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://biglocalnews.org/content/about/\">\u003cem>Big Local News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> at Stanford University.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991404/california-solar-customers-industry-brace-for-impact-of-reduced-state-incentives","authors":["byline_science_1991404"],"categories":["science_31","science_32","science_33","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_2889","science_182","science_142","science_1947","science_4417","science_4414","science_1066"],"featImg":"science_1991405","label":"science"},"science_1991177":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991177","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1991177","score":null,"sort":[1705955840000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-the-war-in-ukraine-is-bad-for-climate-science","title":"Why the War in Ukraine Is Bad for Climate Science","publishDate":1705955840,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Why the War in Ukraine Is Bad for Climate Science | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Lack of data about conditions in the Russian Arctic is already hampering climate science and will cause ever-growing gaps in our understanding of how climate change affects the fastest-warming region of the planet, scientists warn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Arctic is warming up to four times faster than the Earth as a whole. And Russia has more Arctic land than any other nation. But, since Russia invaded Ukraine, it’s been increasingly difficult for climate scientists in Russia to collaborate or share data about conditions in the country’s vast frozen areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes basic measurements of temperature and snowfall in the Russian Arctic, as well as more sophisticated details about greenhouse gas emissions and what’s happening to plants and animals in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excluding such data from climate models makes them less accurate, and the problem will get worse over time, a new study warns. “By neglecting Russian sites, we decrease our chances to mitigate the negative consequences of climate change,” says Efrén López-Blanco of Aarhus University in Denmark, who is one of the authors of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01903-1\">the paper\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Nature Climate Change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to build climate models that can accurately predict what will happen to the Arctic in the future, scientists need measurements from across the Arctic. If the available data is concentrated in a few places, like Alaska, Canada and Scandinavia, and excludes Russia’s vast Arctic expanses, then the models will be increasingly inaccurate, the study finds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a huge landmass,” says Ken Tape, an ecologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. “You can’t ignore it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Beaver access has been cut off for Western scientists\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tape is already seeing the negative effects of the war on his area of research. He studies beavers, which are \u003ca href=\"https://alaskapublic.org/2020/05/10/beaver-numbers-have-exploded-in-northwest-alaska-and-theyre-having-some-unexpected-effects/\">moving into the tundra\u003c/a> and are often unpopular neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like an intruder,” he says. “The connotations are not positive, you know? Especially if fish is a big resource for you, you’re going to be very skeptical of someone who comes in and dams up fish-bearing streams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists like Tape are studying where beavers are showing up and trying to understand how far North the population will move, how quickly, and at what scale. Such research can help local communities manage the animals: beavers are notorious for turning streams into bogs, for example, which can affect water quality for humans nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research is also important because when beavers build dams, they can disturb the frozen ground, releasing trapped greenhouse gasses as it thaws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, Tape helped start the Arctic Beaver Observation Network so scientists all around the Arctic could collaborate and share data. But with the invasion of Ukraine, the dream of Russian collaboration in the project stalled, he says. “We’re having a meeting at the end of February,” he says, “and it’s basically Alaska, Canada and Scandinavia. There’s no one from Russia coming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, Western scientists no longer have access to field sites in Russia, he says. Instead, they have to rely on what they can see from space, from satellite images of beaver dams. “You can do a lot from space, but you need to have some boots on the ground confirming what you’re seeing,” Tape says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991178\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991178\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People walk next to a cracked panel apartment building in the eastern Siberian city of Yakutsk in 2018. Climate change is causing permafrost, or permanently frozen ground, to thaw across the Arctic. When the earth thaws, it can destabilize building foundations, roads, pipelines and other infrastructure. \u003ccite>(Mladen Antonov/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>For some, it’s a reminder of Cold War science\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Russian climate scientists who started their careers in the Soviet Union, the current situation can feel eerily familiar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past — like, Soviet Union past — the data from this part of the world was also limited,” says Vladimir Romanovsky, a permafrost expert at the University of Alaska Fairbanks who trained in Moscow. In the mid-1970s, young scientists had virtually no contact with Western collaborators, he remembers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when things opened up in the 1990s, he says, his field exploded. “During that time, lots of data became available from the Russian permafrost regions,” he remembers. International scientists started collaborating with Russian scientists to investigate how permafrost was changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the research findings were explosive. Permafrost is the permanently frozen ground found across the Arctic. As it thaws, it creates massive problems\u003ca href=\"https://climate.mit.edu/explainers/permafrost\"> for the infrastructure built on top of it\u003c/a>, causing roads to buckle, building foundations to crack and pipelines to break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can also release enormous amounts of planet-warming gasses trapped within the frozen earth. Scientists now warn that virtually all surface permafrost \u003ca href=\"https://www.gi.alaska.edu/news/study-near-surface-permafrost-will-be-nearly-gone-2100\">could be gone from the Arctic\u003c/a> by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now the data that is so crucial for permafrost science is drying up, Romanovsky says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, he and other Western scientists received temperature and soil measurements from Russian research facilities. “This year, there may not be any data,” he says. “If this will continue into the future, eventually it may have some impact on our understanding [of permafrost changes.]”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romanovsky is also concerned about young Russian scientists who are important to the future of climate research in the region. “It’s very discouraging,” he says. “Eventually, I believe that we will be able to communicate openly again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+the+war+in+Ukraine+is+bad+for+climate+science&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The invasion of Ukraine hampered collaboration with Russian climate scientists. That's bad news for our collective ability to understand and prepare for a hotter planet. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1706041231,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":959},"headData":{"title":"Why the War in Ukraine Is Bad for Climate Science | KQED","description":"The invasion of Ukraine hampered collaboration with Russian climate scientists. That's bad news for our collective ability to understand and prepare for a hotter planet. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why the War in Ukraine Is Bad for Climate Science","datePublished":"2024-01-22T20:37:20.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-23T20:20:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Mladen Antonov","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/384067907/rebecca-hersher\">Rebecca Hersher\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"AFP via Getty Images","nprStoryId":"1225018573","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1225018573&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/22/1225018573/why-the-war-in-ukraine-is-bad-for-climate-science?ft=nprml&f=1225018573","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 22 Jan 2024 11:13:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 22 Jan 2024 11:13:51 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 22 Jan 2024 11:13:51 -0500","templateType":"standard","featuredImageType":"standard","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991177/why-the-war-in-ukraine-is-bad-for-climate-science","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lack of data about conditions in the Russian Arctic is already hampering climate science and will cause ever-growing gaps in our understanding of how climate change affects the fastest-warming region of the planet, scientists warn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Arctic is warming up to four times faster than the Earth as a whole. And Russia has more Arctic land than any other nation. But, since Russia invaded Ukraine, it’s been increasingly difficult for climate scientists in Russia to collaborate or share data about conditions in the country’s vast frozen areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes basic measurements of temperature and snowfall in the Russian Arctic, as well as more sophisticated details about greenhouse gas emissions and what’s happening to plants and animals in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excluding such data from climate models makes them less accurate, and the problem will get worse over time, a new study warns. “By neglecting Russian sites, we decrease our chances to mitigate the negative consequences of climate change,” says Efrén López-Blanco of Aarhus University in Denmark, who is one of the authors of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01903-1\">the paper\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Nature Climate Change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to build climate models that can accurately predict what will happen to the Arctic in the future, scientists need measurements from across the Arctic. If the available data is concentrated in a few places, like Alaska, Canada and Scandinavia, and excludes Russia’s vast Arctic expanses, then the models will be increasingly inaccurate, the study finds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a huge landmass,” says Ken Tape, an ecologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. “You can’t ignore it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Beaver access has been cut off for Western scientists\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tape is already seeing the negative effects of the war on his area of research. He studies beavers, which are \u003ca href=\"https://alaskapublic.org/2020/05/10/beaver-numbers-have-exploded-in-northwest-alaska-and-theyre-having-some-unexpected-effects/\">moving into the tundra\u003c/a> and are often unpopular neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like an intruder,” he says. “The connotations are not positive, you know? Especially if fish is a big resource for you, you’re going to be very skeptical of someone who comes in and dams up fish-bearing streams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists like Tape are studying where beavers are showing up and trying to understand how far North the population will move, how quickly, and at what scale. Such research can help local communities manage the animals: beavers are notorious for turning streams into bogs, for example, which can affect water quality for humans nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research is also important because when beavers build dams, they can disturb the frozen ground, releasing trapped greenhouse gasses as it thaws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, Tape helped start the Arctic Beaver Observation Network so scientists all around the Arctic could collaborate and share data. But with the invasion of Ukraine, the dream of Russian collaboration in the project stalled, he says. “We’re having a meeting at the end of February,” he says, “and it’s basically Alaska, Canada and Scandinavia. There’s no one from Russia coming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, Western scientists no longer have access to field sites in Russia, he says. Instead, they have to rely on what they can see from space, from satellite images of beaver dams. “You can do a lot from space, but you need to have some boots on the ground confirming what you’re seeing,” Tape says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991178\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991178\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/gettyimages-1068523518-e0b1af529618017fb8f79cfb212643e56bb07337-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People walk next to a cracked panel apartment building in the eastern Siberian city of Yakutsk in 2018. Climate change is causing permafrost, or permanently frozen ground, to thaw across the Arctic. When the earth thaws, it can destabilize building foundations, roads, pipelines and other infrastructure. \u003ccite>(Mladen Antonov/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>For some, it’s a reminder of Cold War science\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Russian climate scientists who started their careers in the Soviet Union, the current situation can feel eerily familiar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past — like, Soviet Union past — the data from this part of the world was also limited,” says Vladimir Romanovsky, a permafrost expert at the University of Alaska Fairbanks who trained in Moscow. In the mid-1970s, young scientists had virtually no contact with Western collaborators, he remembers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when things opened up in the 1990s, he says, his field exploded. “During that time, lots of data became available from the Russian permafrost regions,” he remembers. International scientists started collaborating with Russian scientists to investigate how permafrost was changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the research findings were explosive. Permafrost is the permanently frozen ground found across the Arctic. As it thaws, it creates massive problems\u003ca href=\"https://climate.mit.edu/explainers/permafrost\"> for the infrastructure built on top of it\u003c/a>, causing roads to buckle, building foundations to crack and pipelines to break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can also release enormous amounts of planet-warming gasses trapped within the frozen earth. Scientists now warn that virtually all surface permafrost \u003ca href=\"https://www.gi.alaska.edu/news/study-near-surface-permafrost-will-be-nearly-gone-2100\">could be gone from the Arctic\u003c/a> by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now the data that is so crucial for permafrost science is drying up, Romanovsky says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, he and other Western scientists received temperature and soil measurements from Russian research facilities. “This year, there may not be any data,” he says. “If this will continue into the future, eventually it may have some impact on our understanding [of permafrost changes.]”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romanovsky is also concerned about young Russian scientists who are important to the future of climate research in the region. “It’s very discouraging,” he says. “Eventually, I believe that we will be able to communicate openly again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+the+war+in+Ukraine+is+bad+for+climate+science&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991177/why-the-war-in-ukraine-is-bad-for-climate-science","authors":["byline_science_1991177"],"categories":["science_31","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_182","science_194","science_192","science_556"],"featImg":"science_1991179","label":"source_science_1991177"},"science_1991160":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1991160","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1991160","score":null,"sort":[1705615482000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-kern-countys-carbon-removal-industry-can-save-californias-oil-country","title":"How Kern County's Carbon Removal Industry Can Save California's Oil Country","publishDate":1705615482,"format":"standard","headTitle":"How Kern County’s Carbon Removal Industry Can Save California’s Oil Country | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>Omar Hayat sees the future in a patch of dirt near Bakersfield, California, where oil was discovered more than a century ago. That discovery paved the way for Kern County’s lucrative petroleum industry. Now, Hayat hopes to use the same dirt patch to launch a new business — one that may help California reach its ambitious climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to be accepted as a solution,” said Hayat, the executive vice president of operations at California Resources Corporation, one of the state’s leading oil producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayat is leading the company’s push to store climate-warming carbon more than a mile underground in the cracks and crevices of ancient rock formations. The firm is one of several companies developing plans to capture carbon from oil and gas plants and the air and store it deep beneath California’s oil country at the foot of the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County is betting those projects will make it the center of California’s nascent carbon removal and storage industry. The county is already the state’s largest oil producer and a top producer of agricultural products, but climate change — and the state’s effort to mitigate it — threatens those economic mainstays. The county hopes the new carbon management industry will help make up for the hundreds of millions in tax revenue it anticipates losing by 2045 when California plans to phase out all oil drilling and eliminate most carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our economy is built on oil and agriculture. This is how we keep our libraries open. This is how we provide Meals on Wheels. This is how we provide our services to the million people here,” said Lorelei Oviatt, the county’s director of planning and natural resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late December, Kern and the federal government took steps that could allow CRC to begin capturing and storing carbon next year. The county published its draft environmental review of the company’s project, and the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/publicnotices/intent-issue-class-vi-underground-injection-control-permits-carbon-terravault-jv\">Environmental Protection Agency said it plans to approve\u003c/a> permits to allow CRC to inject carbon under an oil field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern has found opportunity in renewable energy, becoming the state’s biggest producer of solar and wind energy. But the county’s push for carbon management amounts to a huge experiment — with its economy and community, as well as California’s climate commitments, hanging in the balance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://psbweb.kerncounty.com/planning/pdfs/eirs/ctv1/CTV1_DEIR_Vol_1_Ch_1-12_upd.pdf\">900-page environmental assessment (PDF)\u003c/a>, Kern officials determined that CRC’s project is likely to have “significant and unavoidable” impacts on local air quality, even with measures taken to curb emissions. The report also notes the proximity of proposed pipelines to schools and neighborhoods. Those are among several issues likely to be contested when the public begins weighing in on the project this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the county sees carbon management as critical to its future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s existential,” Oviatt said. “What is this place going to look like in 30 years? What’s it going to look like in five?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Enormous Numbers’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In addition to moving quickly towards clean sources of energy, countries \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_SYR_LongerReport.pdf\">will need to remove carbon from the air (PDF)\u003c/a> in order to avoid the worst effects of climate change, according to the IPCC, the United Nations panel that assesses the science of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, \u003ca href=\"https://res.cloudinary.com/dbtfcnfij/images/v1700717007/Global-Status-of-CCS-Report-Update-23-Nov/Global-Status-of-CCS-Report-Update-23-Nov.pdf?_i=AA\">41 commercial carbon capture facilities (PDF)\u003c/a> are \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage/direct-air-capture\">operating worldwide\u003c/a>. Together, they have the capacity to capture much less than 1% of the emissions that countries produce every year — negating annual emissions equivalent to 49 million metric tons of carbon per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, which has positioned itself as a global leader in climate action, wants to pull an unprecedented amount of carbon from the air — 100 million metric tons — by 2045. That represents nearly a quarter of the emissions the state produces today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are enormous numbers, relative to where not just California is today, but where the world is today,” said Michael Wara, director of the climate and energy policy program at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Biden administration is pouring billions into the carbon capture and storage industry, and Kern is racing to get a piece of it. Much of that money goes to regions led by Republican lawmakers who support boosting domestic energy production. Until he resigned from Congress last month, Bakersfield Republican and former House Speaker Kevin McCarthy represented much of Kern County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the U.S. Department of Energy announced it would offer $3.5 billion for companies to demonstrate direct air capture, a process that sucks carbon from the air so that it can be stowed underground. The department recently said it would give $1.2 billion in grants for “Direct Air Capture hubs” in Louisiana and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbon removal projects proposed in California, all located in the conservative-leaning Central Valley, earned more than $20 million from the pool of federal funding for feasibility and planning studies, including roughly $12 million to a group led in part by CRC, Hayat’s company, and the city of Bakersfield. The amount is small compared to the billions to be disbursed elsewhere but significant enough to continue fueling ambitions in Kern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991162\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991162\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Omar-Hayat-1536x1024-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Omar-Hayat-1536x1024-1.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Omar-Hayat-1536x1024-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Omar-Hayat-1536x1024-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Omar-Hayat-1536x1024-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Omar-Hayat-1536x1024-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Omar Hayat, executive vice president of operations at California Resources Corporation. \u003ccite>(Harika Maddala)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Several other major oil and gas companies are also racing to launch their own carbon capture facilities in Kern, including Chevron and \u003ca href=\"https://www.aeraenergy.com/responsibility/carbon-frontier/\">Aera Energy\u003c/a>. Though certain details of CRC’s carbon removal proposal have not been made public, its ambitions center on a project called “Carbon TerraVault 1.” The project would be located in the Elk Hills Oil Field, one of the most productive in the nation, near the site where oil was discovered in 1911. The company wants to inject millions of tons of liquefied carbon a mile underground, beginning with carbon dioxide from the oilfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Looking for Hope’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If all of the projects proposed for the county come online, planning director Oviatt said Kern could be home to most of the storage required to achieve the state’s carbon removal goals. Oviatt frames the growth of this industry as inevitable. Even if the projects currently proposed don’t win regulatory approval, she’s confident that more proposals will follow them, she said at a recent public forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county estimates that the carbon removal industry could generate as much as $64 million per year in tax revenues and create thousands of jobs. Kern envisions much of that money coming from a proposed \u003ca href=\"https://cmbp.kernplanning.com/\">Carbon Management Business Park\u003c/a>, which it sees as a way to bring in emerging climate-friendly industries — including future direct air capture projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the oil industry leaves Kern, more than 16,000 jobs could disappear, and the area’s already-high poverty and unemployment rates could climb. A county-commissioned study estimates the business park could support up to 22,000 permanent jobs, both in carbon removal and adjacent industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s encouraging,” Oviatt said. “We are looking for hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But realizing that vision is dependent on buy-in from the private sector. Oviatt said a handful of companies have expressed interest in the idea, but so far, none have submitted formal applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And community support for the county’s vision is hardly unanimous. At an October county Board of Supervisors meeting, residents and environmental activists expressed concerns about the need for pipelines to carry carbon across the state, which could rupture or leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also questioned whether the proposed TerraVault and business park would worsen air quality. The American Lung Association consistently ranks Kern County’s air as among the most polluted in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does not make sense to proceed with this park given the current health and air quality conditions in Kern County,” said Emma De La Rosa, an advocate with the Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other community organizers like Ileana Navarro with the Central California Environmental Justice Network called for greater transparency and questioned the technology’s track record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Projects worldwide have failed to live up to their promise on climate benefits, so why take the risk here in our backyards and in the backyards of already overburdened communities?” the Bakersfield resident asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991163\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991163\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Oil-Pumps-1536x1024-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Oil-Pumps-1536x1024-1.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Oil-Pumps-1536x1024-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Oil-Pumps-1536x1024-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Oil-Pumps-1536x1024-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Oil-Pumps-1536x1024-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pumping jacks spread throughout an oilfield in Kern County, California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The county’s environmental review shows that pipelines carrying carbon dioxide and injection sites are slated to sit within a few miles of a handful of elementary schools and a couple of towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oviatt said that any future project would be located far away from neighborhoods to reduce the health risks to residents. But she was frank about the county’s prospects if a thriving carbon removal industry fails to take off in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re all concerned about our health, but we’re also concerned: Will Kern County survive these policies of the state of California?” Oviatt told the meeting. “I wanted to make sure the community understands that we are at a very, very difficult crossroads.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Kern County’s ‘Gift From God’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Carbon can’t be injected and permanently stowed underground just anywhere, but the storage potential in the Central Valley is “a gift from God,” George Peridas, the energy program director at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, said at an April symposium on carbon management. The San Joaquin Valley is one of about three dozen areas nationwide with the potential to store the climate pollutant, according to assessments by the U.S. Geological Survey. That’s because, in theory, depleted oil and gas fields can make ideal reservoirs for captured carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, petroleum companies operating in the region have made billions pumping fossil fuels out of the ground. Now, these same corporations hope to also make money by pumping liquefied carbon back underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just like reconfiguring a Lego set,” Hayat, the oil executive, said. “Instead of using that CO2, for example, for increasing oil and gas production, we’re just putting it away for storage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say it’s not so simple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Storing carbon permanently and safely remains a complex technological challenge full of potential pitfalls. Extracting oil is different than ensuring carbon stays buried for thousands of years without leaking, according to Daniel Ress, a staff attorney at the Center on Race, Poverty and the Environment. California already has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2023-07-21/state-releases-draft-plan-to-plug-leaky-oil-wells-many-of-them-in-kern-county\">thousands of uncapped oil wells\u003c/a>, many of which are leaking greenhouse gasses and other pollutants into the air. Ress is concerned that carbon stored underground could escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m skeptical that this can be done well in this area where there’s so much oil and gas exploration,” Ress said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, oil companies have almost exclusively injected carbon to extract more oil from the earth. The CEO of Occidental Petroleum — CRC’s former parent company — \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/newsletters/power-switch/2023/12/18/carbon-removal-climate-savior-or-distraction-00132266\">said last year\u003c/a> that carbon removal could give the petroleum industry “a license to continue to operate for the next 60, 70, 80 years.” California law prohibits companies from using captured carbon to enhance drilling in the state. Still, some environmentalists like Ress worry that injecting carbon could be used to extend the life of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several major obstacles remain on the path to building and operating carbon capture and storage plants. California has just \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/climate-tech-company-heirloom-opens-us-commercial-carbon-capture-plant-2023-11-09/\">one commercial carbon removal project\u003c/a> in operation. The state has also banned new carbon pipelines until federal regulations are put in place, which could challenge CRC’s ambitious plans. Without pipelines to move the carbon from industrial centers to the vault, the company’s potential customer base is limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last month, the county and the EPA’s actions boosted CRC’s hope for its TerraVault project. Company president and CEO Francisco Leon called the moves a “significant milestone” in attaining California’s “ambitious climate goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern is the first county in the state to assess the environmental risks of a carbon storage project, working on the draft for about a year. Still, CRC’s project is facing a potentially lengthy approval process. The planning commission is expected to vote on the project in March, with a vote from county supervisors likely this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is a collaboration between \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/\">KVPR\u003c/a>, Inside Climate News, the Investigative Editing Corps and Report for America.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\">Inside Climate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The county is already the state’s largest oil producer and a top producer of agricultural products, but climate change — and the state’s effort to mitigate it — threatens those economic mainstays.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1705621077,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":45,"wordCount":2136},"headData":{"title":"How Kern County's Carbon Removal Industry Can Save California's Oil Country | KQED","description":"The county is already the state’s largest oil producer and a top producer of agricultural products, but climate change — and the state’s effort to mitigate it — threatens those economic mainstays.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Kern County's Carbon Removal Industry Can Save California's Oil Country","datePublished":"2024-01-18T22:04:42.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-18T23:37:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"source":"Inside Climate News","sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/profile/emma-foehringer-merchant/\"> Emma Foehringer Merchant, Inside Climate News\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/people/joshua-yeager/\">Joshua Yeager, KVPR\u003c/a>","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1991160/how-kern-countys-carbon-removal-industry-can-save-californias-oil-country","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Omar Hayat sees the future in a patch of dirt near Bakersfield, California, where oil was discovered more than a century ago. That discovery paved the way for Kern County’s lucrative petroleum industry. Now, Hayat hopes to use the same dirt patch to launch a new business — one that may help California reach its ambitious climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to be accepted as a solution,” said Hayat, the executive vice president of operations at California Resources Corporation, one of the state’s leading oil producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayat is leading the company’s push to store climate-warming carbon more than a mile underground in the cracks and crevices of ancient rock formations. The firm is one of several companies developing plans to capture carbon from oil and gas plants and the air and store it deep beneath California’s oil country at the foot of the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County is betting those projects will make it the center of California’s nascent carbon removal and storage industry. The county is already the state’s largest oil producer and a top producer of agricultural products, but climate change — and the state’s effort to mitigate it — threatens those economic mainstays. The county hopes the new carbon management industry will help make up for the hundreds of millions in tax revenue it anticipates losing by 2045 when California plans to phase out all oil drilling and eliminate most carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our economy is built on oil and agriculture. This is how we keep our libraries open. This is how we provide Meals on Wheels. This is how we provide our services to the million people here,” said Lorelei Oviatt, the county’s director of planning and natural resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late December, Kern and the federal government took steps that could allow CRC to begin capturing and storing carbon next year. The county published its draft environmental review of the company’s project, and the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/publicnotices/intent-issue-class-vi-underground-injection-control-permits-carbon-terravault-jv\">Environmental Protection Agency said it plans to approve\u003c/a> permits to allow CRC to inject carbon under an oil field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern has found opportunity in renewable energy, becoming the state’s biggest producer of solar and wind energy. But the county’s push for carbon management amounts to a huge experiment — with its economy and community, as well as California’s climate commitments, hanging in the balance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://psbweb.kerncounty.com/planning/pdfs/eirs/ctv1/CTV1_DEIR_Vol_1_Ch_1-12_upd.pdf\">900-page environmental assessment (PDF)\u003c/a>, Kern officials determined that CRC’s project is likely to have “significant and unavoidable” impacts on local air quality, even with measures taken to curb emissions. The report also notes the proximity of proposed pipelines to schools and neighborhoods. Those are among several issues likely to be contested when the public begins weighing in on the project this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the county sees carbon management as critical to its future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s existential,” Oviatt said. “What is this place going to look like in 30 years? What’s it going to look like in five?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Enormous Numbers’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In addition to moving quickly towards clean sources of energy, countries \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_SYR_LongerReport.pdf\">will need to remove carbon from the air (PDF)\u003c/a> in order to avoid the worst effects of climate change, according to the IPCC, the United Nations panel that assesses the science of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, \u003ca href=\"https://res.cloudinary.com/dbtfcnfij/images/v1700717007/Global-Status-of-CCS-Report-Update-23-Nov/Global-Status-of-CCS-Report-Update-23-Nov.pdf?_i=AA\">41 commercial carbon capture facilities (PDF)\u003c/a> are \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage/direct-air-capture\">operating worldwide\u003c/a>. Together, they have the capacity to capture much less than 1% of the emissions that countries produce every year — negating annual emissions equivalent to 49 million metric tons of carbon per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, which has positioned itself as a global leader in climate action, wants to pull an unprecedented amount of carbon from the air — 100 million metric tons — by 2045. That represents nearly a quarter of the emissions the state produces today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are enormous numbers, relative to where not just California is today, but where the world is today,” said Michael Wara, director of the climate and energy policy program at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Biden administration is pouring billions into the carbon capture and storage industry, and Kern is racing to get a piece of it. Much of that money goes to regions led by Republican lawmakers who support boosting domestic energy production. Until he resigned from Congress last month, Bakersfield Republican and former House Speaker Kevin McCarthy represented much of Kern County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the U.S. Department of Energy announced it would offer $3.5 billion for companies to demonstrate direct air capture, a process that sucks carbon from the air so that it can be stowed underground. The department recently said it would give $1.2 billion in grants for “Direct Air Capture hubs” in Louisiana and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carbon removal projects proposed in California, all located in the conservative-leaning Central Valley, earned more than $20 million from the pool of federal funding for feasibility and planning studies, including roughly $12 million to a group led in part by CRC, Hayat’s company, and the city of Bakersfield. The amount is small compared to the billions to be disbursed elsewhere but significant enough to continue fueling ambitions in Kern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991162\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991162\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Omar-Hayat-1536x1024-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Omar-Hayat-1536x1024-1.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Omar-Hayat-1536x1024-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Omar-Hayat-1536x1024-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Omar-Hayat-1536x1024-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Omar-Hayat-1536x1024-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Omar Hayat, executive vice president of operations at California Resources Corporation. \u003ccite>(Harika Maddala)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Several other major oil and gas companies are also racing to launch their own carbon capture facilities in Kern, including Chevron and \u003ca href=\"https://www.aeraenergy.com/responsibility/carbon-frontier/\">Aera Energy\u003c/a>. Though certain details of CRC’s carbon removal proposal have not been made public, its ambitions center on a project called “Carbon TerraVault 1.” The project would be located in the Elk Hills Oil Field, one of the most productive in the nation, near the site where oil was discovered in 1911. The company wants to inject millions of tons of liquefied carbon a mile underground, beginning with carbon dioxide from the oilfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Looking for Hope’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If all of the projects proposed for the county come online, planning director Oviatt said Kern could be home to most of the storage required to achieve the state’s carbon removal goals. Oviatt frames the growth of this industry as inevitable. Even if the projects currently proposed don’t win regulatory approval, she’s confident that more proposals will follow them, she said at a recent public forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county estimates that the carbon removal industry could generate as much as $64 million per year in tax revenues and create thousands of jobs. Kern envisions much of that money coming from a proposed \u003ca href=\"https://cmbp.kernplanning.com/\">Carbon Management Business Park\u003c/a>, which it sees as a way to bring in emerging climate-friendly industries — including future direct air capture projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the oil industry leaves Kern, more than 16,000 jobs could disappear, and the area’s already-high poverty and unemployment rates could climb. A county-commissioned study estimates the business park could support up to 22,000 permanent jobs, both in carbon removal and adjacent industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s encouraging,” Oviatt said. “We are looking for hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But realizing that vision is dependent on buy-in from the private sector. Oviatt said a handful of companies have expressed interest in the idea, but so far, none have submitted formal applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And community support for the county’s vision is hardly unanimous. At an October county Board of Supervisors meeting, residents and environmental activists expressed concerns about the need for pipelines to carry carbon across the state, which could rupture or leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also questioned whether the proposed TerraVault and business park would worsen air quality. The American Lung Association consistently ranks Kern County’s air as among the most polluted in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does not make sense to proceed with this park given the current health and air quality conditions in Kern County,” said Emma De La Rosa, an advocate with the Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other community organizers like Ileana Navarro with the Central California Environmental Justice Network called for greater transparency and questioned the technology’s track record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Projects worldwide have failed to live up to their promise on climate benefits, so why take the risk here in our backyards and in the backyards of already overburdened communities?” the Bakersfield resident asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1991163\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1536px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1991163\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Oil-Pumps-1536x1024-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Oil-Pumps-1536x1024-1.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Oil-Pumps-1536x1024-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Oil-Pumps-1536x1024-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Oil-Pumps-1536x1024-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/01/Oil-Pumps-1536x1024-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pumping jacks spread throughout an oilfield in Kern County, California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The county’s environmental review shows that pipelines carrying carbon dioxide and injection sites are slated to sit within a few miles of a handful of elementary schools and a couple of towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oviatt said that any future project would be located far away from neighborhoods to reduce the health risks to residents. But she was frank about the county’s prospects if a thriving carbon removal industry fails to take off in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re all concerned about our health, but we’re also concerned: Will Kern County survive these policies of the state of California?” Oviatt told the meeting. “I wanted to make sure the community understands that we are at a very, very difficult crossroads.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Kern County’s ‘Gift From God’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Carbon can’t be injected and permanently stowed underground just anywhere, but the storage potential in the Central Valley is “a gift from God,” George Peridas, the energy program director at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, said at an April symposium on carbon management. The San Joaquin Valley is one of about three dozen areas nationwide with the potential to store the climate pollutant, according to assessments by the U.S. Geological Survey. That’s because, in theory, depleted oil and gas fields can make ideal reservoirs for captured carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, petroleum companies operating in the region have made billions pumping fossil fuels out of the ground. Now, these same corporations hope to also make money by pumping liquefied carbon back underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just like reconfiguring a Lego set,” Hayat, the oil executive, said. “Instead of using that CO2, for example, for increasing oil and gas production, we’re just putting it away for storage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say it’s not so simple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Storing carbon permanently and safely remains a complex technological challenge full of potential pitfalls. Extracting oil is different than ensuring carbon stays buried for thousands of years without leaking, according to Daniel Ress, a staff attorney at the Center on Race, Poverty and the Environment. California already has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2023-07-21/state-releases-draft-plan-to-plug-leaky-oil-wells-many-of-them-in-kern-county\">thousands of uncapped oil wells\u003c/a>, many of which are leaking greenhouse gasses and other pollutants into the air. Ress is concerned that carbon stored underground could escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m skeptical that this can be done well in this area where there’s so much oil and gas exploration,” Ress said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, oil companies have almost exclusively injected carbon to extract more oil from the earth. The CEO of Occidental Petroleum — CRC’s former parent company — \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/newsletters/power-switch/2023/12/18/carbon-removal-climate-savior-or-distraction-00132266\">said last year\u003c/a> that carbon removal could give the petroleum industry “a license to continue to operate for the next 60, 70, 80 years.” California law prohibits companies from using captured carbon to enhance drilling in the state. Still, some environmentalists like Ress worry that injecting carbon could be used to extend the life of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several major obstacles remain on the path to building and operating carbon capture and storage plants. California has just \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/climate-tech-company-heirloom-opens-us-commercial-carbon-capture-plant-2023-11-09/\">one commercial carbon removal project\u003c/a> in operation. The state has also banned new carbon pipelines until federal regulations are put in place, which could challenge CRC’s ambitious plans. Without pipelines to move the carbon from industrial centers to the vault, the company’s potential customer base is limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last month, the county and the EPA’s actions boosted CRC’s hope for its TerraVault project. Company president and CEO Francisco Leon called the moves a “significant milestone” in attaining California’s “ambitious climate goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern is the first county in the state to assess the environmental risks of a carbon storage project, working on the draft for about a year. Still, CRC’s project is facing a potentially lengthy approval process. The planning commission is expected to vote on the project in March, with a vote from county supervisors likely this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is a collaboration between \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/\">KVPR\u003c/a>, Inside Climate News, the Investigative Editing Corps and Report for America.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\">Inside Climate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1991160/how-kern-countys-carbon-removal-industry-can-save-californias-oil-country","authors":["byline_science_1991160"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_39","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_182","science_194","science_192","science_952"],"featImg":"science_1991161","label":"source_science_1991160"},"science_1985890":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1985890","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1985890","score":null,"sort":[1702858053000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"bay-area-rain-on-tap-through-much-of-next-week","title":"Bay Area Rain on Tap Through Much of Next Week","publishDate":1702858053,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Rain on Tap Through Much of Next Week | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 2:15 p.m. Sunday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service said two low-pressure systems are expected to bring one to five inches of \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr//#\">light to moderate rainfall\u003c/a> to the Bay Area between Sunday and Thursday. The main rain band will move inland early Monday, bringing moderate rain with gusty southwest winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1736417799101432163\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our rainfall rates aren’t looking strong enough for us to be worried about widespread flooding,” said Brayden Murdock, a meteorologist with the weather service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murdock said the North Bay and Big Sur are expected to get the most rain. The Bay Area will start to dry up after Thursday as the storm moves south toward Los Angeles and San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 12:40 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service said a low-pressure system moving over the East Pacific could bring \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">rainfall across the Bay Area\u003c/a> starting Sunday — followed by snow in Tahoe next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/wrh/TextProduct?product=afdmtr\">The weather service’s latest forecast issued Friday morning\u003c/a> indicated a 20% to 30% chance of thunderstorms late Sunday into Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1735659641260941603?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This could wind up also being a windy setup,” said Brayden Murdock, a meteorologist with the weather service. “This might be the time to secure some of those holiday decorations as well as trash cans, trampolines, anything that can blow away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murdock said the agency knows rain is coming but is still determining where the largest amounts of rain will fall. “We are looking at great chances for rain going into the weekend going into next week,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An atmospheric river boost\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Scripps Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes at UC San Diego forecasts that the storm will be boosted by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1935067/rivers-in-the-sky-what-you-need-to-know-about-atmospheric-river-storms#:~:text=Atmospheric%20rivers%20commonly%20begin%20as,fire%20hose%2C%20pointed%20at%20California.\">atmospheric river conditions\u003c/a> beginning on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CW3E_Scripps/status/1735071319392391627?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California could get the brunt of the storm, depending on how slow or fast the storm moves, Murdock said. The forecast indicates it could park over that region, dumping rain over that area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, the rain could last several days and drop multiple inches of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the system continues to slow down, then it’s going to be fine-tuning on top of the fine-tuning,” Murdock said. “It’s one of those setups where we’ll have to keep an eye on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985131/bay-area-weather-atmospheric-river-storm-nov-2023-snow-forecast-sierra\">A similar weather event that passed over the region last month\u003c/a> promised strong rainfall across the area but weakened as it approached. Murdock said like the storm last month, this storm could lose steam as it barrels toward the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[If there] is a very steep trough, we could actually wind up getting that low cut off, and then it just loses momentum,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Snowfall in the Sierra\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Forecasters don’t expect heavy snow in the Sierra until Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service in Sacramento predicts periods of rain, mountain snow and gusty wind, with several feet of snow possible over higher elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSSacramento/status/1735743210738291094\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This storm will likely lead to things like chain controls and transportation problems across Donner Pass,” said Chad Hecht, a meteorologist with the Scripps weather lab. “With that being said, it is kind of on the weaker end [of atmospheric rivers], and I think the main takeaway here is that it’s a longer-duration event. It’s going to snow for a longer period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hecht said climate models show a potentially wet pattern for the rest of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s definitely a signal out in the longer range forecast for a wet pattern for California,” he said. “Sometimes, these long lead times for those signals can go away. This is a piece of information that you can use for situational awareness that the potential for an active pattern is there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA climate scientist Daniel Swain wrote on X, formerly known as Twitter, that \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Weather_West/status/1735354001669955813?s=20\">a wet pattern across the entire state “will likely” continue for the next two weeks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A factor this year is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984737/el-nino-is-back-will-that-mean-rain-and-snow-for-californias-2023-winter\">the potential effects of a strong or super El Niño\u003c/a>, which historically can mean a propensity for a wet winter. Although \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1982822/6-common-misconceptions-about-el-nino-and-its-impact-on-california-weather\">not all El Niño years mean storms bombard California.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Weather_West/status/1735354001669955813?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes we get a really strong storm, and then nothing after that,” Hecht said. “In the past ten years, we’ve seen several examples that contradict what [climate models] suggest is going to happen across the western United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Kevin Stark and Natalia Navarro contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Two low pressure systems are expected to bring one to five inches of light to moderate rainfall to the Bay Area between Sunday and Thursday.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845796,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":800},"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Rain on Tap Through Much of Next Week | KQED","description":"Two low pressure systems are expected to bring one to five inches of light to moderate rainfall to the Bay Area between Sunday and Thursday.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Bay Area Rain on Tap Through Much of Next Week","datePublished":"2023-12-18T00:07:33.000Z","dateModified":"2024-01-10T00:16:36.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"WpOldSlug":"incoming-atmospheric-river-could-bring-bay-area-rain-and-snow-to-tahoe","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1985890/bay-area-rain-on-tap-through-much-of-next-week","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 2:15 p.m. Sunday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service said two low-pressure systems are expected to bring one to five inches of \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr//#\">light to moderate rainfall\u003c/a> to the Bay Area between Sunday and Thursday. The main rain band will move inland early Monday, bringing moderate rain with gusty southwest winds.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1736417799101432163"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>“Our rainfall rates aren’t looking strong enough for us to be worried about widespread flooding,” said Brayden Murdock, a meteorologist with the weather service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murdock said the North Bay and Big Sur are expected to get the most rain. The Bay Area will start to dry up after Thursday as the storm moves south toward Los Angeles and San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 12:40 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service said a low-pressure system moving over the East Pacific could bring \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">rainfall across the Bay Area\u003c/a> starting Sunday — followed by snow in Tahoe next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/wrh/TextProduct?product=afdmtr\">The weather service’s latest forecast issued Friday morning\u003c/a> indicated a 20% to 30% chance of thunderstorms late Sunday into Monday.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1735659641260941603"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>“This could wind up also being a windy setup,” said Brayden Murdock, a meteorologist with the weather service. “This might be the time to secure some of those holiday decorations as well as trash cans, trampolines, anything that can blow away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murdock said the agency knows rain is coming but is still determining where the largest amounts of rain will fall. “We are looking at great chances for rain going into the weekend going into next week,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An atmospheric river boost\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Scripps Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes at UC San Diego forecasts that the storm will be boosted by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1935067/rivers-in-the-sky-what-you-need-to-know-about-atmospheric-river-storms#:~:text=Atmospheric%20rivers%20commonly%20begin%20as,fire%20hose%2C%20pointed%20at%20California.\">atmospheric river conditions\u003c/a> beginning on Sunday.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1735071319392391627"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Southern California could get the brunt of the storm, depending on how slow or fast the storm moves, Murdock said. The forecast indicates it could park over that region, dumping rain over that area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, the rain could last several days and drop multiple inches of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the system continues to slow down, then it’s going to be fine-tuning on top of the fine-tuning,” Murdock said. “It’s one of those setups where we’ll have to keep an eye on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985131/bay-area-weather-atmospheric-river-storm-nov-2023-snow-forecast-sierra\">A similar weather event that passed over the region last month\u003c/a> promised strong rainfall across the area but weakened as it approached. Murdock said like the storm last month, this storm could lose steam as it barrels toward the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[If there] is a very steep trough, we could actually wind up getting that low cut off, and then it just loses momentum,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Snowfall in the Sierra\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Forecasters don’t expect heavy snow in the Sierra until Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service in Sacramento predicts periods of rain, mountain snow and gusty wind, with several feet of snow possible over higher elevations.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1735743210738291094"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>“This storm will likely lead to things like chain controls and transportation problems across Donner Pass,” said Chad Hecht, a meteorologist with the Scripps weather lab. “With that being said, it is kind of on the weaker end [of atmospheric rivers], and I think the main takeaway here is that it’s a longer-duration event. It’s going to snow for a longer period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hecht said climate models show a potentially wet pattern for the rest of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s definitely a signal out in the longer range forecast for a wet pattern for California,” he said. “Sometimes, these long lead times for those signals can go away. This is a piece of information that you can use for situational awareness that the potential for an active pattern is there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA climate scientist Daniel Swain wrote on X, formerly known as Twitter, that \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Weather_West/status/1735354001669955813?s=20\">a wet pattern across the entire state “will likely” continue for the next two weeks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A factor this year is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984737/el-nino-is-back-will-that-mean-rain-and-snow-for-californias-2023-winter\">the potential effects of a strong or super El Niño\u003c/a>, which historically can mean a propensity for a wet winter. Although \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1982822/6-common-misconceptions-about-el-nino-and-its-impact-on-california-weather\">not all El Niño years mean storms bombard California.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1735354001669955813"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes we get a really strong storm, and then nothing after that,” Hecht said. “In the past ten years, we’ve seen several examples that contradict what [climate models] suggest is going to happen across the western United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Kevin Stark and Natalia Navarro contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1985890/bay-area-rain-on-tap-through-much-of-next-week","authors":["11746"],"categories":["science_31","science_35","science_40","science_4450","science_98"],"tags":["science_4992","science_856","science_182","science_4417","science_365"],"featImg":"science_1985854","label":"science"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. 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