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FM","link":"/"}},"mindshift_63014":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_63014","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"63014","score":null,"sort":[1706612418000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-diverse-classroom-library-includes-and-respects-fat-characters-too","title":"A Diverse Classroom Library Includes and Respects Fat Characters, Too","publishDate":1706612418,"format":"standard","headTitle":"A Diverse Classroom Library Includes and Respects Fat Characters, Too | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many teachers excel at stocking their shelves with books featuring characters of diverse \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62049/choosing-childrens-books-that-include-and-affirm-disability-experiences\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">abilities\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/57026/diversifying-your-classroom-book-collections-avoid-these-7-pitfalls\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">races\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and socioeconomic statuses. However, representation of size diversity, particularly with regard to fat main characters, is often overlooked. The absence of differently sized characters has far-reaching implications for students because \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scholastic.com/parents/books-and-reading/raise-a-reader-blog/why-its-important-kids-to-see-themselves-books.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">students’ engagement and motivation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in reading are influenced by the presence of relatable protagonists. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/23813377211028256#body-ref-bibr18-23813377211028256\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rudine Sims Bishop’s\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “windows, mirrors and sliding glass doors” framework underscores the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61018/want-kids-to-love-reading-authors-grace-lin-and-kate-messner-share-how-to-find-wonder-in-books\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">roles books play\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for learning about others, reflecting aspects of oneself, and facilitating exploration.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Fat is viewed as profane,” said \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.drdywannasmith.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dywanna Smith\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a former English teacher who focused her dissertation on establishing safe spaces for Black girls to discuss body size. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She emphasized that when fat students lack representation or only encounter characters who reinforce fat bias, it sends the message that they do not belong. This bias, known as fatphobia, involves discrimination against people based on their overweight or obese body size. Experiencing weight stigma has lasting effects: A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1038/oby.2006.208\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2012 study in the journal Obesity\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> found that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58357/why-focusing-on-healthy-habits-not-weight-gain-can-better-help-kids\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">weight stigma did not motivate weight loss\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> but can result in isolation and avoidance, among other coping strategies. Overweight or obese kids also are often \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/54257/praise-dont-tease-and-other-tips-to-help-kids-with-their-weight\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">victims of bullying\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which is \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/yv/bullying-suicide-translation-final-a.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">correlated with increased suicide-related behavior\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every student deserves access to books with relatable stories that foster a sense of inclusivity and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62154/proven-classroom-strategies-for-winning-over-reluctant-readers\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">cultivate a love for reading\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Teachers can explore ways to critically examine the presence of fat characters in literature and seek books that portray fat protagonists in all of their complexity.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Not all representation is good representation\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The literary landscape includes few fat characters who follow well-worn storylines. “Their size is one of the main conflicts of the story and typically it (has) to be resolved with that person losing weight,” said Smith. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JustTeachingELA\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Caitlin O’ Connor\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a language arts teacher from New York who presented on fat positivity at the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://convention.ncte.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">National Council of Teachers of English\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> conference last year, added that plot lines where fat characters lose weight can be harmful because it communicates fat characters are only likable if they are committed to getting smaller. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fat characters are often subject to harmful stereotypes. “It’s not just the presence of fat characters that we need. It’s the good representation of fat characters that we need. We need them to be represented as whole people with stories and lives that are full, that matter, that aren’t just a list of tropes,” said O’Connor. She cited Piggy, a character described as fat from Lord of the Flies, as an example. “He’s constantly called fat and framed as lesser than,” she said, adding that the way that Piggy is treated throughout the book suggests fat people are deserving of name calling and bullying. Other common tropes include framing fat characters as unable to decide what is best for themselves, having fraught relationships with food, or being uninterested in athletic activities. O’Connor emphasized that fat characters should not be confined to proving thin people’s physical superiority or serving as comic relief. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If a teacher has to explore a book with a fat main character that falls into reductive stereotypes, it can be a learning opportunity. O’Connor encouraged teachers to engage students in discussions about character portrayal and patterns across other books. “Having these discussions builds the critical thinking skills and perspectives we want our students to develop,” she said. “We can teach students to recognize and challenge stereotypes through literature.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Literature can debunk stereotypes and tropes\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teachers can curate diverse book collections that feature fat characters in multifaceted roles and that combat anti-fat bias. O’Connor emphasized the power of language, urging teachers to discuss words as a tool that can uplift or oppress. She suggested repositioning the word “fat” as a descriptor, not a derisive term.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When choosing a book with a fat character, Smith recommended that teachers ask whether the character’s portrayal contributes to existing harmful attitudes, prejudices or stereotypes. Additionally, it’s crucial to assess whether the character is allowed to grow and change throughout the narrative.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Among Smith and O’Connor’s recommended books for students are Lisa Fipps’ \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/608212/starfish-by-lisa-fipps/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Starfish\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Crystal Maldonado’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/648097/fat-chance-charlie-vega-by-by-crystal-maldonado/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fat Chance Charlie Vega\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Susan Vaught’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://susanvaught.com/book/big-fat-manifesto-2/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Big Fat Manifesto\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and a collection titled \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.harvard.com/book/the_other_f_word/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The (Other) F Word: A Celebration of the Fat & Fierce\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, edited by Angie Manfredi. These narratives explore themes of self-acceptance, challenging societal norms and celebrating diverse bodies. Other recommendations include the anthology \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/every-body-shines-9781547606078/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every Body Shines\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, edited by Cassandra Newbould, Claire Kann’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250192677/ifitmakesyouhappy\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If It Makes You Happy\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Paul Coccia’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.orcabook.com/Cub\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cub\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and Gabby Rivera’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/621079/juliet-takes-a-breath-by-gabby-rivera/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Juliet Takes a Breath\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, each contributing to a tapestry of stories that defy stereotypes and promote body positivity.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Where teachers can start\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Addressing the needs of students, especially those experiencing fatphobia, begins with critical introspection, according to Smith. She suggested making a table with the days of the week and noting what you do to support students and colleagues who are fat. “Oftentimes very little is written down,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some teachers may not know where to start and don’t want to say the wrong thing when broaching discussions about body size. Smith urged educators to familiarize themselves with fatphobia and read fat literature for adults, such as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/565139/the-body-is-not-an-apology-second-edition-by-sonya-renee-taylor/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Body Is Not an Apology\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Sonya Renee Taylor, which advocates for radical self-love to counteract harm caused by bias or fatphobia, and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/645819/what-we-dont-talk-about-when-we-talk-about-fat-by-aubrey-gordon/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What We Don’t Talk About When We Talk About Fat\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Aubrey Gordon, which covers how to challenge cultural attitudes and advocate for social justice.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Highlighting the historical intersections of race and body size, Smith considers \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nyupress.org/9781479886753/fearing-the-black-body/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fearing the Black Body: The Racial Origins of Fat Phobia\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Sabrina Strings a keystone text. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Thickening-Fat-Fat-Bodies-Intersectionality-and-Social-Justice/Friedman-Rice-Rinaldi/p/book/9781138580039\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thickening Fat: Fat Bodies, Intersectionality, and Social Justice\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, edited by May Friedman, Carla Rice and Jen Rinaldi, explores fat oppression and activism through various perspectives.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The worst thing teachers can do is to stay silent about fat characters or the lack thereof, Smith said. “Do we really want to be responsible for saying, ‘Because you are fat, you are unworthy of grace, dignity, love and to have your story heard?’” she asked. “In the absence of this discussion, isn’t that what we’re saying already?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Cultivate inclusivity, confront stereotypes, and instill critical thinking skill in students by paying attention to how fat characters are represented in your classroom library.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1713534588,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":1098},"headData":{"title":"A Diverse Classroom Library Includes and Respects Fat Characters, Too | KQED","description":"Diverse characters in literature play a crucial role in affirming students, disrupting stereotypes and fostering empathy.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"Diverse characters in literature play a crucial role in affirming students, disrupting stereotypes and fostering empathy.","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"A Diverse Classroom Library Includes and Respects Fat Characters, Too","datePublished":"2024-01-30T11:00:18.000Z","dateModified":"2024-04-19T13:49:48.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/63014/a-diverse-classroom-library-includes-and-respects-fat-characters-too","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many teachers excel at stocking their shelves with books featuring characters of diverse \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62049/choosing-childrens-books-that-include-and-affirm-disability-experiences\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">abilities\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/57026/diversifying-your-classroom-book-collections-avoid-these-7-pitfalls\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">races\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and socioeconomic statuses. However, representation of size diversity, particularly with regard to fat main characters, is often overlooked. The absence of differently sized characters has far-reaching implications for students because \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scholastic.com/parents/books-and-reading/raise-a-reader-blog/why-its-important-kids-to-see-themselves-books.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">students’ engagement and motivation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in reading are influenced by the presence of relatable protagonists. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/23813377211028256#body-ref-bibr18-23813377211028256\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rudine Sims Bishop’s\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “windows, mirrors and sliding glass doors” framework underscores the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61018/want-kids-to-love-reading-authors-grace-lin-and-kate-messner-share-how-to-find-wonder-in-books\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">roles books play\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for learning about others, reflecting aspects of oneself, and facilitating exploration.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Fat is viewed as profane,” said \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.drdywannasmith.com/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dywanna Smith\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a former English teacher who focused her dissertation on establishing safe spaces for Black girls to discuss body size. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She emphasized that when fat students lack representation or only encounter characters who reinforce fat bias, it sends the message that they do not belong. This bias, known as fatphobia, involves discrimination against people based on their overweight or obese body size. Experiencing weight stigma has lasting effects: A \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1038/oby.2006.208\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2012 study in the journal Obesity\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> found that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58357/why-focusing-on-healthy-habits-not-weight-gain-can-better-help-kids\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">weight stigma did not motivate weight loss\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> but can result in isolation and avoidance, among other coping strategies. Overweight or obese kids also are often \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/54257/praise-dont-tease-and-other-tips-to-help-kids-with-their-weight\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">victims of bullying\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which is \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/yv/bullying-suicide-translation-final-a.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">correlated with increased suicide-related behavior\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every student deserves access to books with relatable stories that foster a sense of inclusivity and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62154/proven-classroom-strategies-for-winning-over-reluctant-readers\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">cultivate a love for reading\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Teachers can explore ways to critically examine the presence of fat characters in literature and seek books that portray fat protagonists in all of their complexity.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Not all representation is good representation\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The literary landscape includes few fat characters who follow well-worn storylines. “Their size is one of the main conflicts of the story and typically it (has) to be resolved with that person losing weight,” said Smith. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JustTeachingELA\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Caitlin O’ Connor\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a language arts teacher from New York who presented on fat positivity at the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://convention.ncte.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">National Council of Teachers of English\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> conference last year, added that plot lines where fat characters lose weight can be harmful because it communicates fat characters are only likable if they are committed to getting smaller. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fat characters are often subject to harmful stereotypes. “It’s not just the presence of fat characters that we need. It’s the good representation of fat characters that we need. We need them to be represented as whole people with stories and lives that are full, that matter, that aren’t just a list of tropes,” said O’Connor. She cited Piggy, a character described as fat from Lord of the Flies, as an example. “He’s constantly called fat and framed as lesser than,” she said, adding that the way that Piggy is treated throughout the book suggests fat people are deserving of name calling and bullying. Other common tropes include framing fat characters as unable to decide what is best for themselves, having fraught relationships with food, or being uninterested in athletic activities. O’Connor emphasized that fat characters should not be confined to proving thin people’s physical superiority or serving as comic relief. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If a teacher has to explore a book with a fat main character that falls into reductive stereotypes, it can be a learning opportunity. O’Connor encouraged teachers to engage students in discussions about character portrayal and patterns across other books. “Having these discussions builds the critical thinking skills and perspectives we want our students to develop,” she said. “We can teach students to recognize and challenge stereotypes through literature.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Literature can debunk stereotypes and tropes\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Teachers can curate diverse book collections that feature fat characters in multifaceted roles and that combat anti-fat bias. O’Connor emphasized the power of language, urging teachers to discuss words as a tool that can uplift or oppress. She suggested repositioning the word “fat” as a descriptor, not a derisive term.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When choosing a book with a fat character, Smith recommended that teachers ask whether the character’s portrayal contributes to existing harmful attitudes, prejudices or stereotypes. Additionally, it’s crucial to assess whether the character is allowed to grow and change throughout the narrative.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Among Smith and O’Connor’s recommended books for students are Lisa Fipps’ \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/608212/starfish-by-lisa-fipps/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Starfish\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Crystal Maldonado’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/648097/fat-chance-charlie-vega-by-by-crystal-maldonado/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fat Chance Charlie Vega\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Susan Vaught’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://susanvaught.com/book/big-fat-manifesto-2/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Big Fat Manifesto\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and a collection titled \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.harvard.com/book/the_other_f_word/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The (Other) F Word: A Celebration of the Fat & Fierce\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, edited by Angie Manfredi. These narratives explore themes of self-acceptance, challenging societal norms and celebrating diverse bodies. Other recommendations include the anthology \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/every-body-shines-9781547606078/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every Body Shines\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, edited by Cassandra Newbould, Claire Kann’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250192677/ifitmakesyouhappy\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If It Makes You Happy\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Paul Coccia’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.orcabook.com/Cub\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cub\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and Gabby Rivera’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/621079/juliet-takes-a-breath-by-gabby-rivera/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Juliet Takes a Breath\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, each contributing to a tapestry of stories that defy stereotypes and promote body positivity.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Where teachers can start\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Addressing the needs of students, especially those experiencing fatphobia, begins with critical introspection, according to Smith. She suggested making a table with the days of the week and noting what you do to support students and colleagues who are fat. “Oftentimes very little is written down,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some teachers may not know where to start and don’t want to say the wrong thing when broaching discussions about body size. Smith urged educators to familiarize themselves with fatphobia and read fat literature for adults, such as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/565139/the-body-is-not-an-apology-second-edition-by-sonya-renee-taylor/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Body Is Not an Apology\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Sonya Renee Taylor, which advocates for radical self-love to counteract harm caused by bias or fatphobia, and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/645819/what-we-dont-talk-about-when-we-talk-about-fat-by-aubrey-gordon/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What We Don’t Talk About When We Talk About Fat\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Aubrey Gordon, which covers how to challenge cultural attitudes and advocate for social justice.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Highlighting the historical intersections of race and body size, Smith considers \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nyupress.org/9781479886753/fearing-the-black-body/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fearing the Black Body: The Racial Origins of Fat Phobia\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Sabrina Strings a keystone text. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Thickening-Fat-Fat-Bodies-Intersectionality-and-Social-Justice/Friedman-Rice-Rinaldi/p/book/9781138580039\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thickening Fat: Fat Bodies, Intersectionality, and Social Justice\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, edited by May Friedman, Carla Rice and Jen Rinaldi, explores fat oppression and activism through various perspectives.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The worst thing teachers can do is to stay silent about fat characters or the lack thereof, Smith said. “Do we really want to be responsible for saying, ‘Because you are fat, you are unworthy of grace, dignity, love and to have your story heard?’” she asked. “In the absence of this discussion, isn’t that what we’re saying already?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/63014/a-diverse-classroom-library-includes-and-respects-fat-characters-too","authors":["11721"],"categories":["mindshift_21512","mindshift_21280","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_21250","mindshift_20818","mindshift_21561","mindshift_20997","mindshift_843","mindshift_268","mindshift_20564","mindshift_21277","mindshift_20770","mindshift_96","mindshift_550","mindshift_825"],"featImg":"mindshift_63016","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_50485":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_50485","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"50485","score":null,"sort":[1520319105000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-empowering-girls-to-confront-conflict-and-buck-perfection-helps-their-well-being","title":"How Empowering Girls to Confront Conflict and Buck Perfection Helps Their Well-Being","publishDate":1520319105,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Girls and boys have always grown up with cultural and societal stereotypes swirling around them. Despite the unparalleled access to opportunities that young women have today compared with the past, many are still absorbing strong messages about how they should look, act and be. For girls, many of the most powerful influences come from the media, but young girls could find relief among the real people in their lives. Social media has changed the game, requiring educators and parents to also change strategies to help girls navigate complicated waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Girls are focused on all these other people and they’ve lost track of themselves.'\u003ccite>Simone Marean, Co-Founder and CEO of Girls Leadership\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“There's nothing I talk about practicing with girls that doesn’t also apply to boys,” said Simone Marean, CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://girlsleadership.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Girls Leadership\u003c/a>, a nonprofit working to help girls find and raise their voices. Marean spoke at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.innovativelearningconference.org/ehome/index.php?eventid=190155&tabid=430590&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Innovative Learning Conference\u003c/a> hosted at The Nueva School in Hillsborough, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marean is raising two sons, so she knows many of the skills her organization teaches are \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/06/25/why-its-imperative-to-teach-empathy-to-boys/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">important for all humans\u003c/a>, but she also recognizes girls and boys are still socialized differently. “There are reasons why the expectations of girls make it particularly important that we practice this with girls,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Q_QM83gMBCk?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing percentage of girls feel pressure to please everyone in their lives, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597249b6d7bdcec54c7fdd10/t/59cec40132601ed2cee562bd/1506722842794/Girls%27+Index+Research+Brief+Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nationwide survey\u003c/a> conducted by Ruling Our eXperiences (ROX). The college application process is more competitive than ever and the comparative culture on social media is always present. “The pressure is greater, but they’re also experiencing it more and more each day as the time on media increases,” Marean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some studies show the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/has-the-smartphone-destroyed-a-generation/534198/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rate of depression and anxiety increasing more rapidly among girls\u003c/a>, and social media culture has heightened the sense among many girls that they \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2018/01/22/how-to-find-balance-when-too-much-self-doubt-gets-in-the-way/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">must be perfect\u003c/a>, presenting a pleasant, well-behaved, curated persona to the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Girls are focused on all these other people and they’ve lost track of themselves,” Marean said. She sees the same patterns from early elementary school girls through high school. And while social media has the potential to amplify damaging messages about bodies, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/05/03/why-socializing-girls-to-be-perfect-could-be-the-worst-thing-for-them/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">perfection\u003c/a> and beauty that have long existed, it would be too simple to ban digital devices. Marean points out when educators and parents act from a place of fear they \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/12/28/how-parents-can-help-kids-navigate-the-pressures-of-their-digital-lives/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tend to go to extremes\u003c/a>, alienating the girls they love in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"oxfRg3sFJL3T8JDL1hNDZHy2iFoWu813\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, she advocates for helping girls gain the skills to navigate these spaces with a different script. She says it’s crucial that adults start helping young girls to engage in productive conflict, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/04/24/giving-good-praise-to-girls-what-messages-stick/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acknowledge and grow from mistakes\u003c/a>, develop emotional intelligence and take responsibility for the role they each play in social situations. While these are concerns for many parents, educators can also help girls develop skills to cope with these modern problems -- and doing so could help with academics, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Relationships are integral and foundational to mental health and wellness,” Marean said. “When relationships are struggling there’s no way to take care of the next level of thinking.” Middle school teachers know this better than anyone -- when students are dealing with social drama, they have a lot less mental space for academics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Girls can’t express how they feel effectively until they take time to notice and name their feelings. Marean says girls know they are supposed to feel happy, calm and confident, so they disrespect their other emotions. Many don’t even have the language to talk about more complicated, nuanced and less sunny feelings. But when girls name how they feel in a situation, they can recognize that it’s the situation, not them, that’s the problem. That opens up a wider range of options for how they handle that situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we do that we are giving them a foundation of agency,” Marean said. “It works like a GPS. When you know where you are, you know where you need to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50497\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-50497 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two girls participate in a Girls Leadership workshop. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Girls Leadership)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One way educators and parents can help girls to develop an emotional vocabulary and give permission to feel less than “perfect” feelings is with role modeling. When girls hear that the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/08/18/normalize-setbacks-by-asking-your-kids-for-advice-when-you-struggle/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">important adults in their lives also feel\u003c/a> excluded or jealous or hurt, it normalizes those complex feelings. And, when a girl comes home talking about a difficult social experience, adults can help her \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/04/16/how-empathy-is-important-for-parents-and-teens-when-things-get-stressful/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">build empathy\u003c/a> by asking how the other person might have felt in that interaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educators at the \u003ca href=\"http://galsdenver.org/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Girls Athletic Leadership Schools (GALS)\u003c/a> in Denver are folding emotional intelligence into the core of their academic program. This all-girls public charter school is recognizing that the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/08/14/what-do-we-mean-when-we-say-social-and-emotional-skills/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">broader social and emotional skill set \u003c/a>being discussed in many areas of education are most effective when contextualized to the lives of specific students groups. Gender is one layer of identity, but the messages girls receive about gender are situated within a broader context of race, class and cultural values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big part of our program is girls being able to find their voice and say who they are,” said Lynnsey Gwaltney, the eighth-grade teacher of a class called \u003ca href=\"http://galsdenver.org/schools/gals-denver-middle-school/academics/gals-series/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GALS Series\u003c/a> that covers topics like nutrition, well-being, identity, healthy sexuality and knowing one’s boundaries, among other things. This course is given the same weight, and time, as academic classes at the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"imKuPkFNRf75MGaY6GcElRZqceAh1MLg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the start of the school year, teachers of GALS Series do a lot of relationship-building. They play icebreakers and run around together, do writing exercises and slowly build an environment where students feel comfortable talking about sensitive issues. They often practice role-playing conflict resolution -- a Girls Leadership staple -- and even ask students to bring real situations of conflict to the group for workshopping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/12/28/how-parents-can-help-kids-navigate-the-pressures-of-their-digital-lives/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Social media \u003c/a>is a big part of the conversation throughout middle school. In sixth grade, students are often watching things they don’t really know how to handle. A good example is a trend toward parody videos meant to be funny, but that are actually quite nasty. Together the class talks about how those videos make them feel and some productive ways to handle the emotions elicited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest thing we’ve done is have a place for students to talk about it and think about what choices they’re making on social media,” Gwaltney said. With her eighth-graders, comparison is a big problem. “That’s the best way to help them to feel they have power in it. They have choice in what they look at and what they put into the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GALS Series teachers have also done a lot to help students find their voices when talking with adults. And, they’ve found that the curriculum they developed in-house has to spiral throughout middle school because the conflicts a sixth-grader encounters aren’t the same ones an eighth-grader experiences. It’s worth covering conflict resolution, emotion-naming and social media issues again in the new context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We support students in bringing it to the forefront and dealing with it in a healthy, productive way as opposed to it existing under the surface as this shady, passive thing,” said Maggie Dickman, the sixth-grade GALS Series teacher. “We deal with conflict.” Role-playing how to handle conflict, normalizing it and demonstrating the good that can come out of direct confrontation is really important for girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CONFLICT AS OPPORTUNITY FOR CHANGE\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In over 15 years of working with girls of all ages, Simone Marean has found that many believe conflict is bad. Girls are often raised to be socially aware and connected, so friendships are extremely important to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we see in our girls is they lack a script to have direct conflict,” Marean said. “They literally don’t know the words. They also lack the permission; they feel like something is wrong with the friendship if they have conflict.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Girls are dealing with a lot of the same things, no matter where they live.'\u003ccite>Ife Bell, Cincinnati Public Schools Districtwide School Community Coordinator for After School\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Marean has found that girls from third grade through high school say the same thing about what it means to be a friend: like all the same things (or hate the same things), do everything together and never fight. That’s an unrealistic expectation for friendship and it doesn’t help equip girls for feelings of jealousy, anger or hurt that are regularly part of healthy relationships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Conflict is going to happen all the time,” Marean said. “Conflict is part of a normal, healthy, functional relationship. This is how we get things to change.” The challenge is helping girls to see it that way, to not be afraid of it. She cautions that if kids don’t learn how conflict can lead to positive change from the adults in their lives, they’ll learn about it from friends online. And online there’s no eye contact, no tone of voice, and things can get nasty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/psN1DORYYV0?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Role play is the only way to talk about the how of communication,” Marean said. When a girl comes home upset about something that happened at school, it’s a normal parental reaction to want to take away her pain and get angry on her behalf. But that doesn’t help her develop the skills to deal with the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Marean suggests offering empathy and asking questions about what she wants to do next. At this stage, many younger girls aren’t good at immediately articulating the result they hope for; instead they often go straight for what they want to do. This is where an adult can help them think through how a gut reaction might play out. Role-playing the situation gives the girl a chance to try out the words and debriefing solidifies it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number one fear I hear from parents around teaching their girls to have a voice is that what if she does it all and she doesn’t get what she needs? What if her voice is not heard?” Marean said. Her answer: that’s all right; her voice won’t always be heard. But the experience of expressing it can be empowering and it’s a first step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marean also points to the idea of “contribution” raised in Bruce Patton's book \u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/331191/difficult-conversations-by-bruce-patton/9780143118442/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Difficult Conversations.”\u003c/a> Both parties in a conflict contribute to it, so when mediating each person should come to the conversation aware of the ways he or she contributed to the situation. That helps remove some of the right or wrong feeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students often say to me, there are so many girls who need this and we want to take it to them,” said Ife Bell, coordinator of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iamcps.org/2017/10/25/girls-to-women-molding-young-women-to-be-empowered-compassionate-agents-of-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Girls to Women\u003c/a> program in Cincinnati Public Schools. Bell works on many of these issues with small groups of girls at several schools across the district. The program she runs comes out of a recognition that outcomes for girls living in poverty are often \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/02/13/384005652/study-black-girls-are-being-pushed-out-of-school\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">just as poor as they are for boys\u003c/a>. The district wanted to focus on helping to empower its young women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ozTX2lxLYMQZCSW7UPo21NlFYqNQqhcz\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bell uses aspects of the Girls Leadership program in conjunction with another girls empowerment curriculum called \u003ca href=\"https://thesisteraccord.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sister Accord\u003c/a>. Bell’s approach to her program is one that Girls Leadership has been pivoting to over the past year, in recognition that while a gendered approach to social and emotional skills is necessary in all contexts, how the curriculum plays out may be different in various communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original Girls Leadership materials were designed with a white, middle-class lens. Some of it makes assumptions about people’s values and experiences. Marean says the organization is in the midst of a pivot to listen and learn from a diverse set of communities about how to make what they offer more effective in all contexts. Part of the shift revolves around recognizing the strengths different girls bring to any situation, and letting them lead the process of delving into specific experiences and scenarios they confront.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Girls are dealing with a lot of the same things, no matter where they live,” Bell said, although she acknowledges young women growing up in poverty may have experiences they’d like to discuss in addition to the more universal ones. That’s why she works with student leaders in her groups to co-design the activities the Girls to Women facilitators use. In that process, Bell often looks at the scenarios offered by Girls Leadership, which can seem aimed at a white middle-class audience, and have students tweak them until they feel authentic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, there’s a role-playing scenario where Jessica and Brittany are talking about spring break at basketball practice. Jessica says she’s going on vacation to Florida with Marybeth’s family, but Brittany has always spent vacations with Marybeth. That example didn’t feel very authentic to Bell or her students, so they changed the names and flipped the scenario in various ways to include a family with only one parent, or a girl who lives with her grandmother, or a girl who hasn’t ever been on vacation before. Sometimes Bell gives a group all the scenarios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want them to see that addressing the conflict doesn’t use the same skills every time,” Bell said. She wants students to feel they have a variety of conflict resolution tools to rely on, no matter the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing Bell wasn’t expecting was how powerful facilitating these conversations would be for herself and the other adult facilitators. Often the emotions, scenarios and strategies are ones adults can use, too, and perhaps never learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the learnings is a lot of times when women don’t feel empowered to say what they really want to say, they just stop talking,” Bell said. She found an activity illuminating where she wrote down what someone said to her, and her response, along with what she really wanted to say. She began to reflect on how she could communicate more effectively about her emotions at work and in her personal life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We often speak our outside feelings instead of recognizing our inside feelings,” Bell said. For example, she might say, “I’m mad,” but the other person can’t do much with that. Underneath the feelings of anger are disappointment, fear, hurt or other emotions that can more effectively convey a possible next step to the other person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marean says Bell’s personal experience with the materials is common among the adults who bring their girls to Girls Leadership workshops. “We have to help the adults look at their own backgrounds and what were the gender expectations in their childhood, in their culture, in their socioeconomic background, because we’re not going to be able to help our girls if we can’t see it ourselves,” Marean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools across the country are beginning to recognize that social and emotional skills are important to lifelong success in school and beyond, but how to effectively teach those skills in school and at home is more of an open question. Schools like GALS and programs like Girls to Women and Girls Leadership make the case that while the same conflict resolution, communication, emotional intelligence and empathy skills are needed by all kids, regardless of gender, the ways kids experience the world are still different. As much as we’d like to believe the world is an equal place, with the same opportunities for everyone, the fact remains that context matters.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Social pressure on girls to be perfect has some parents and teachers worried they're not learning the skills they'll need to express their emotions and navigate conflict.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1520319335,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.youtube.com/embed/Q_QM83gMBCk","https://www.youtube.com/embed/psN1DORYYV0"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":46,"wordCount":2714},"headData":{"title":"How Empowering Girls to Confront Conflict and Buck Perfection Helps Their Well-Being | KQED","description":"Social pressure on girls to be perfect has some parents and teachers worried they're not learning the skills they'll need to express their emotions and navigate conflict.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Empowering Girls to Confront Conflict and Buck Perfection Helps Their Well-Being","datePublished":"2018-03-06T06:51:45.000Z","dateModified":"2018-03-06T06:55:35.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"50485 https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=50485","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2018/03/05/how-empowering-girls-to-confront-conflict-and-buck-perfection-helps-their-well-being/","disqusTitle":"How Empowering Girls to Confront Conflict and Buck Perfection Helps Their Well-Being","path":"/mindshift/50485/how-empowering-girls-to-confront-conflict-and-buck-perfection-helps-their-well-being","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Girls and boys have always grown up with cultural and societal stereotypes swirling around them. Despite the unparalleled access to opportunities that young women have today compared with the past, many are still absorbing strong messages about how they should look, act and be. For girls, many of the most powerful influences come from the media, but young girls could find relief among the real people in their lives. Social media has changed the game, requiring educators and parents to also change strategies to help girls navigate complicated waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Girls are focused on all these other people and they’ve lost track of themselves.'\u003ccite>Simone Marean, Co-Founder and CEO of Girls Leadership\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“There's nothing I talk about practicing with girls that doesn’t also apply to boys,” said Simone Marean, CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://girlsleadership.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Girls Leadership\u003c/a>, a nonprofit working to help girls find and raise their voices. Marean spoke at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.innovativelearningconference.org/ehome/index.php?eventid=190155&tabid=430590&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Innovative Learning Conference\u003c/a> hosted at The Nueva School in Hillsborough, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marean is raising two sons, so she knows many of the skills her organization teaches are \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/06/25/why-its-imperative-to-teach-empathy-to-boys/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">important for all humans\u003c/a>, but she also recognizes girls and boys are still socialized differently. “There are reasons why the expectations of girls make it particularly important that we practice this with girls,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Q_QM83gMBCk?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing percentage of girls feel pressure to please everyone in their lives, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/597249b6d7bdcec54c7fdd10/t/59cec40132601ed2cee562bd/1506722842794/Girls%27+Index+Research+Brief+Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nationwide survey\u003c/a> conducted by Ruling Our eXperiences (ROX). The college application process is more competitive than ever and the comparative culture on social media is always present. “The pressure is greater, but they’re also experiencing it more and more each day as the time on media increases,” Marean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some studies show the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/has-the-smartphone-destroyed-a-generation/534198/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rate of depression and anxiety increasing more rapidly among girls\u003c/a>, and social media culture has heightened the sense among many girls that they \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2018/01/22/how-to-find-balance-when-too-much-self-doubt-gets-in-the-way/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">must be perfect\u003c/a>, presenting a pleasant, well-behaved, curated persona to the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Girls are focused on all these other people and they’ve lost track of themselves,” Marean said. She sees the same patterns from early elementary school girls through high school. And while social media has the potential to amplify damaging messages about bodies, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/05/03/why-socializing-girls-to-be-perfect-could-be-the-worst-thing-for-them/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">perfection\u003c/a> and beauty that have long existed, it would be too simple to ban digital devices. Marean points out when educators and parents act from a place of fear they \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/12/28/how-parents-can-help-kids-navigate-the-pressures-of-their-digital-lives/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tend to go to extremes\u003c/a>, alienating the girls they love in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, she advocates for helping girls gain the skills to navigate these spaces with a different script. She says it’s crucial that adults start helping young girls to engage in productive conflict, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/04/24/giving-good-praise-to-girls-what-messages-stick/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acknowledge and grow from mistakes\u003c/a>, develop emotional intelligence and take responsibility for the role they each play in social situations. While these are concerns for many parents, educators can also help girls develop skills to cope with these modern problems -- and doing so could help with academics, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Relationships are integral and foundational to mental health and wellness,” Marean said. “When relationships are struggling there’s no way to take care of the next level of thinking.” Middle school teachers know this better than anyone -- when students are dealing with social drama, they have a lot less mental space for academics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Girls can’t express how they feel effectively until they take time to notice and name their feelings. Marean says girls know they are supposed to feel happy, calm and confident, so they disrespect their other emotions. Many don’t even have the language to talk about more complicated, nuanced and less sunny feelings. But when girls name how they feel in a situation, they can recognize that it’s the situation, not them, that’s the problem. That opens up a wider range of options for how they handle that situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we do that we are giving them a foundation of agency,” Marean said. “It works like a GPS. When you know where you are, you know where you need to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50497\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-50497 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-768x432.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/02/GirlsLeadershipCropped-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two girls participate in a Girls Leadership workshop. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Girls Leadership)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One way educators and parents can help girls to develop an emotional vocabulary and give permission to feel less than “perfect” feelings is with role modeling. When girls hear that the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/08/18/normalize-setbacks-by-asking-your-kids-for-advice-when-you-struggle/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">important adults in their lives also feel\u003c/a> excluded or jealous or hurt, it normalizes those complex feelings. And, when a girl comes home talking about a difficult social experience, adults can help her \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/04/16/how-empathy-is-important-for-parents-and-teens-when-things-get-stressful/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">build empathy\u003c/a> by asking how the other person might have felt in that interaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educators at the \u003ca href=\"http://galsdenver.org/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Girls Athletic Leadership Schools (GALS)\u003c/a> in Denver are folding emotional intelligence into the core of their academic program. This all-girls public charter school is recognizing that the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/08/14/what-do-we-mean-when-we-say-social-and-emotional-skills/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">broader social and emotional skill set \u003c/a>being discussed in many areas of education are most effective when contextualized to the lives of specific students groups. Gender is one layer of identity, but the messages girls receive about gender are situated within a broader context of race, class and cultural values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big part of our program is girls being able to find their voice and say who they are,” said Lynnsey Gwaltney, the eighth-grade teacher of a class called \u003ca href=\"http://galsdenver.org/schools/gals-denver-middle-school/academics/gals-series/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GALS Series\u003c/a> that covers topics like nutrition, well-being, identity, healthy sexuality and knowing one’s boundaries, among other things. This course is given the same weight, and time, as academic classes at the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the start of the school year, teachers of GALS Series do a lot of relationship-building. They play icebreakers and run around together, do writing exercises and slowly build an environment where students feel comfortable talking about sensitive issues. They often practice role-playing conflict resolution -- a Girls Leadership staple -- and even ask students to bring real situations of conflict to the group for workshopping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/12/28/how-parents-can-help-kids-navigate-the-pressures-of-their-digital-lives/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Social media \u003c/a>is a big part of the conversation throughout middle school. In sixth grade, students are often watching things they don’t really know how to handle. A good example is a trend toward parody videos meant to be funny, but that are actually quite nasty. Together the class talks about how those videos make them feel and some productive ways to handle the emotions elicited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest thing we’ve done is have a place for students to talk about it and think about what choices they’re making on social media,” Gwaltney said. With her eighth-graders, comparison is a big problem. “That’s the best way to help them to feel they have power in it. They have choice in what they look at and what they put into the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GALS Series teachers have also done a lot to help students find their voices when talking with adults. And, they’ve found that the curriculum they developed in-house has to spiral throughout middle school because the conflicts a sixth-grader encounters aren’t the same ones an eighth-grader experiences. It’s worth covering conflict resolution, emotion-naming and social media issues again in the new context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We support students in bringing it to the forefront and dealing with it in a healthy, productive way as opposed to it existing under the surface as this shady, passive thing,” said Maggie Dickman, the sixth-grade GALS Series teacher. “We deal with conflict.” Role-playing how to handle conflict, normalizing it and demonstrating the good that can come out of direct confrontation is really important for girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CONFLICT AS OPPORTUNITY FOR CHANGE\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In over 15 years of working with girls of all ages, Simone Marean has found that many believe conflict is bad. Girls are often raised to be socially aware and connected, so friendships are extremely important to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we see in our girls is they lack a script to have direct conflict,” Marean said. “They literally don’t know the words. They also lack the permission; they feel like something is wrong with the friendship if they have conflict.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Girls are dealing with a lot of the same things, no matter where they live.'\u003ccite>Ife Bell, Cincinnati Public Schools Districtwide School Community Coordinator for After School\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Marean has found that girls from third grade through high school say the same thing about what it means to be a friend: like all the same things (or hate the same things), do everything together and never fight. That’s an unrealistic expectation for friendship and it doesn’t help equip girls for feelings of jealousy, anger or hurt that are regularly part of healthy relationships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Conflict is going to happen all the time,” Marean said. “Conflict is part of a normal, healthy, functional relationship. This is how we get things to change.” The challenge is helping girls to see it that way, to not be afraid of it. She cautions that if kids don’t learn how conflict can lead to positive change from the adults in their lives, they’ll learn about it from friends online. And online there’s no eye contact, no tone of voice, and things can get nasty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/psN1DORYYV0?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Role play is the only way to talk about the how of communication,” Marean said. When a girl comes home upset about something that happened at school, it’s a normal parental reaction to want to take away her pain and get angry on her behalf. But that doesn’t help her develop the skills to deal with the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Marean suggests offering empathy and asking questions about what she wants to do next. At this stage, many younger girls aren’t good at immediately articulating the result they hope for; instead they often go straight for what they want to do. This is where an adult can help them think through how a gut reaction might play out. Role-playing the situation gives the girl a chance to try out the words and debriefing solidifies it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number one fear I hear from parents around teaching their girls to have a voice is that what if she does it all and she doesn’t get what she needs? What if her voice is not heard?” Marean said. Her answer: that’s all right; her voice won’t always be heard. But the experience of expressing it can be empowering and it’s a first step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marean also points to the idea of “contribution” raised in Bruce Patton's book \u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/331191/difficult-conversations-by-bruce-patton/9780143118442/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Difficult Conversations.”\u003c/a> Both parties in a conflict contribute to it, so when mediating each person should come to the conversation aware of the ways he or she contributed to the situation. That helps remove some of the right or wrong feeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students often say to me, there are so many girls who need this and we want to take it to them,” said Ife Bell, coordinator of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iamcps.org/2017/10/25/girls-to-women-molding-young-women-to-be-empowered-compassionate-agents-of-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Girls to Women\u003c/a> program in Cincinnati Public Schools. Bell works on many of these issues with small groups of girls at several schools across the district. The program she runs comes out of a recognition that outcomes for girls living in poverty are often \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/02/13/384005652/study-black-girls-are-being-pushed-out-of-school\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">just as poor as they are for boys\u003c/a>. The district wanted to focus on helping to empower its young women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bell uses aspects of the Girls Leadership program in conjunction with another girls empowerment curriculum called \u003ca href=\"https://thesisteraccord.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sister Accord\u003c/a>. Bell’s approach to her program is one that Girls Leadership has been pivoting to over the past year, in recognition that while a gendered approach to social and emotional skills is necessary in all contexts, how the curriculum plays out may be different in various communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original Girls Leadership materials were designed with a white, middle-class lens. Some of it makes assumptions about people’s values and experiences. Marean says the organization is in the midst of a pivot to listen and learn from a diverse set of communities about how to make what they offer more effective in all contexts. Part of the shift revolves around recognizing the strengths different girls bring to any situation, and letting them lead the process of delving into specific experiences and scenarios they confront.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Girls are dealing with a lot of the same things, no matter where they live,” Bell said, although she acknowledges young women growing up in poverty may have experiences they’d like to discuss in addition to the more universal ones. That’s why she works with student leaders in her groups to co-design the activities the Girls to Women facilitators use. In that process, Bell often looks at the scenarios offered by Girls Leadership, which can seem aimed at a white middle-class audience, and have students tweak them until they feel authentic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, there’s a role-playing scenario where Jessica and Brittany are talking about spring break at basketball practice. Jessica says she’s going on vacation to Florida with Marybeth’s family, but Brittany has always spent vacations with Marybeth. That example didn’t feel very authentic to Bell or her students, so they changed the names and flipped the scenario in various ways to include a family with only one parent, or a girl who lives with her grandmother, or a girl who hasn’t ever been on vacation before. Sometimes Bell gives a group all the scenarios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want them to see that addressing the conflict doesn’t use the same skills every time,” Bell said. She wants students to feel they have a variety of conflict resolution tools to rely on, no matter the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing Bell wasn’t expecting was how powerful facilitating these conversations would be for herself and the other adult facilitators. Often the emotions, scenarios and strategies are ones adults can use, too, and perhaps never learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the learnings is a lot of times when women don’t feel empowered to say what they really want to say, they just stop talking,” Bell said. She found an activity illuminating where she wrote down what someone said to her, and her response, along with what she really wanted to say. She began to reflect on how she could communicate more effectively about her emotions at work and in her personal life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We often speak our outside feelings instead of recognizing our inside feelings,” Bell said. For example, she might say, “I’m mad,” but the other person can’t do much with that. Underneath the feelings of anger are disappointment, fear, hurt or other emotions that can more effectively convey a possible next step to the other person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marean says Bell’s personal experience with the materials is common among the adults who bring their girls to Girls Leadership workshops. “We have to help the adults look at their own backgrounds and what were the gender expectations in their childhood, in their culture, in their socioeconomic background, because we’re not going to be able to help our girls if we can’t see it ourselves,” Marean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools across the country are beginning to recognize that social and emotional skills are important to lifelong success in school and beyond, but how to effectively teach those skills in school and at home is more of an open question. Schools like GALS and programs like Girls to Women and Girls Leadership make the case that while the same conflict resolution, communication, emotional intelligence and empathy skills are needed by all kids, regardless of gender, the ways kids experience the world are still different. As much as we’d like to believe the world is an equal place, with the same opportunities for everyone, the fact remains that context matters.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/50485/how-empowering-girls-to-confront-conflict-and-buck-perfection-helps-their-well-being","authors":["234"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_21167","mindshift_21157","mindshift_20699","mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20825","mindshift_20568","mindshift_943","mindshift_30","mindshift_825","mindshift_1038"],"featImg":"mindshift_50494","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_43057":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_43057","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"43057","score":null,"sort":[1450087332000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-achieving-digital-equity-using-online-courses-could-look-like","title":"What Achieving Digital Equity Using Online Courses Could Look Like","publishDate":1450087332,"format":"standard","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By John Hansen and Justin Reich\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For almost a century, technology enthusiasts have promised that new innovations can democratize education. In 1932, Benjamin Darrow, founder of the Ohio School of the Air, argued that radio would “make universally available the services of the finest teachers.” In 1961, the Ford Foundation’s \u003cem>Teaching by Television \u003c/em>report declared that TV would provide poor students with “instruction of a higher order than they might otherwise receive.” In our own time, advocates of online learning promise to level the educational playing fields with massive open online courses, MOOCs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most compelling evidence for the democratizing power of MOOCs comes from a new generation of Horatio Alger stories, where the video lecture replaces the bootblack’s cloth. In 2013, the New York Times Magazine told the story of Battushig Myanganbavar, the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/the-boy-genius-of-ulan-bator.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0\">Boy Genius of Ulan Bator\u003c/a>,” who earned a perfect score on MIT’s first MOOC as a high school student in Mongolia and subsequently gained admission to MIT. This year, MIT has featured the story of Ahaan Rungta, a 16 year old Freshman, born in Calcutta, who has completed 55 courses on edX and MIT’s OpenCourseWare. Rungta’s father is the manager of the Indian restaurant in the MIT student center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As powerful as these stories are, the extensive data collected by MOOCs tell another story. While there are extraordinarily talented students from all backgrounds who succeed in MOOCs, those from more affluent and better-educated neighborhoods are more likely to enroll and succeed in these courses. Moreover, the relationship between socioeconomic resources and course success is strongest among teens and college-aged students, exactly the ages where we might hope that online courses could provide a new entry point into higher education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent study published in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencemag.org/content/350/6265/1245.full.pdf\">Science\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, we found that young students enrolling in HarvardX and MITx courses live in neighborhoods where the median income is 38% higher than typical American neighborhoods. Among teenagers who register for a HarvardX course, those with a college-educated parent have nearly twice the odds of finishing compared to students whose parents did not complete college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when online learning is free, people with greater financial, social, and technological resources are better able to take advantage of these new opportunities. Technologies that truly democratize education should disproportionately benefit the students who otherwise wouldn’t be able to access high-quality learning experiences. Compared to previous broadcast technologies, online learning has a key advantage: the ability to personalize learning experiences at a large scale. From the reams of clickstream data collected by online learning environments, we can target additional supports and scaffolds to the students who need them most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two very different and promising lines of research might form the foundation of a new set of design principles for digital equity. Research on stereotype threat has shown that some of the barriers that disadvantaged students face are psychological in nature: subtle cues in a learning environment can trigger anxieties in marginalized students. Researchers at Stanford have identified achievement gaps between students from developed and developing countries in MOOCs, and early findings suggest that simple exercises to encourage a \u003ca href=\"https://vptl.stanford.edu/frontier-science-learning\">sense of belonging in an online community\u003c/a> can substantially reduce those gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These experimental approaches can be paired with social services that have a long history of effectiveness. In St. Louis, the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.launchcode.org/\">LaunchCode\u003c/a> offers a physical community and job placement services for students taking HarvardX’s Introduction to Computer Science class, CS50x. By providing additional human supports to underserved students with great potential, LaunchCode joins a tradition of programs from Hull House to the Boys and Girls Clubs that are essential to social mobility in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MOOCs and other forms of online learning don’t yet live up to their promise to democratize education, but we shouldn’t abandon those efforts. Closing education’s digital divide is exactly the kind of grand challenge that the world’s greatest universities should be tackling head on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/@jdnhansen\">John Hansen\u003c/a> is a doctoral student at the Harvard Graduate School of Education and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/bjfr\">Justin Reich\u003c/a> is executive director of the MIT Teaching Systems Lab. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Many students benefiting from massive open online courses are from higher income households, so what can be done to reach those who need the most help? ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1450473376,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":12,"wordCount":707},"headData":{"title":"What Achieving Digital Equity Using Online Courses Could Look Like | KQED","description":"Many students benefiting from massive open online courses are from higher income households, so what can be done to reach those who need the most help? ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"What Achieving Digital Equity Using Online Courses Could Look Like","datePublished":"2015-12-14T10:02:12.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-18T21:16:16.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"43057 http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=43057","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/12/14/what-achieving-digital-equity-using-online-courses-could-look-like/","disqusTitle":"What Achieving Digital Equity Using Online Courses Could Look Like","path":"/mindshift/43057/what-achieving-digital-equity-using-online-courses-could-look-like","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By John Hansen and Justin Reich\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For almost a century, technology enthusiasts have promised that new innovations can democratize education. In 1932, Benjamin Darrow, founder of the Ohio School of the Air, argued that radio would “make universally available the services of the finest teachers.” In 1961, the Ford Foundation’s \u003cem>Teaching by Television \u003c/em>report declared that TV would provide poor students with “instruction of a higher order than they might otherwise receive.” In our own time, advocates of online learning promise to level the educational playing fields with massive open online courses, MOOCs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most compelling evidence for the democratizing power of MOOCs comes from a new generation of Horatio Alger stories, where the video lecture replaces the bootblack’s cloth. In 2013, the New York Times Magazine told the story of Battushig Myanganbavar, the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/the-boy-genius-of-ulan-bator.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0\">Boy Genius of Ulan Bator\u003c/a>,” who earned a perfect score on MIT’s first MOOC as a high school student in Mongolia and subsequently gained admission to MIT. This year, MIT has featured the story of Ahaan Rungta, a 16 year old Freshman, born in Calcutta, who has completed 55 courses on edX and MIT’s OpenCourseWare. Rungta’s father is the manager of the Indian restaurant in the MIT student center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As powerful as these stories are, the extensive data collected by MOOCs tell another story. While there are extraordinarily talented students from all backgrounds who succeed in MOOCs, those from more affluent and better-educated neighborhoods are more likely to enroll and succeed in these courses. Moreover, the relationship between socioeconomic resources and course success is strongest among teens and college-aged students, exactly the ages where we might hope that online courses could provide a new entry point into higher education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent study published in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencemag.org/content/350/6265/1245.full.pdf\">Science\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, we found that young students enrolling in HarvardX and MITx courses live in neighborhoods where the median income is 38% higher than typical American neighborhoods. Among teenagers who register for a HarvardX course, those with a college-educated parent have nearly twice the odds of finishing compared to students whose parents did not complete college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when online learning is free, people with greater financial, social, and technological resources are better able to take advantage of these new opportunities. Technologies that truly democratize education should disproportionately benefit the students who otherwise wouldn’t be able to access high-quality learning experiences. Compared to previous broadcast technologies, online learning has a key advantage: the ability to personalize learning experiences at a large scale. From the reams of clickstream data collected by online learning environments, we can target additional supports and scaffolds to the students who need them most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two very different and promising lines of research might form the foundation of a new set of design principles for digital equity. Research on stereotype threat has shown that some of the barriers that disadvantaged students face are psychological in nature: subtle cues in a learning environment can trigger anxieties in marginalized students. Researchers at Stanford have identified achievement gaps between students from developed and developing countries in MOOCs, and early findings suggest that simple exercises to encourage a \u003ca href=\"https://vptl.stanford.edu/frontier-science-learning\">sense of belonging in an online community\u003c/a> can substantially reduce those gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These experimental approaches can be paired with social services that have a long history of effectiveness. In St. Louis, the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.launchcode.org/\">LaunchCode\u003c/a> offers a physical community and job placement services for students taking HarvardX’s Introduction to Computer Science class, CS50x. By providing additional human supports to underserved students with great potential, LaunchCode joins a tradition of programs from Hull House to the Boys and Girls Clubs that are essential to social mobility in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MOOCs and other forms of online learning don’t yet live up to their promise to democratize education, but we shouldn’t abandon those efforts. Closing education’s digital divide is exactly the kind of grand challenge that the world’s greatest universities should be tackling head on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/@jdnhansen\">John Hansen\u003c/a> is a doctoral student at the Harvard Graduate School of Education and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/bjfr\">Justin Reich\u003c/a> is executive director of the MIT Teaching Systems Lab. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/43057/what-achieving-digital-equity-using-online-courses-could-look-like","authors":["4354"],"categories":["mindshift_192","mindshift_195"],"tags":["mindshift_908","mindshift_20701","mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20608","mindshift_825"],"featImg":"mindshift_43065","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_36733":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_36733","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"36733","score":null,"sort":[1404853240000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-backlash-against-the-pinkification-of-tech","title":"The Backlash Against the 'Pinkification' of Tech","publishDate":1404853240,"format":"aside","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Important story about the backlash against the \"Pinkification\" of STEM in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/How-not-to-attract-women-to-coding-Make-tech-pink-5602104.php#photo-6560862\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It creates the idea that women need sort of a separate universe in which women can be tech professionals,\" said UCSD professor Elizabeth Losh. \"Instead of trying to be inclusive, it's an alternate reality world.\"\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.sfgate.com/news/article/How-not-to-attract-women-to-coding-Make-tech-pink-5602104.php\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Important story about the backlash against the \"Pinkification\" of STEM in the San Francisco Chronicle.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1456258247,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":4,"wordCount":71},"headData":{"title":"The Backlash Against the 'Pinkification' of Tech | KQED","description":"Important story about the backlash against the "Pinkification" of STEM in the San Francisco Chronicle.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"The Backlash Against the 'Pinkification' of Tech","datePublished":"2014-07-08T21:00:40.000Z","dateModified":"2016-02-23T20:10:47.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"36733 http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=36733","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/07/08/the-backlash-against-the-pinkification-of-tech/","disqusTitle":"The Backlash Against the 'Pinkification' of Tech","path":"/mindshift/36733/the-backlash-against-the-pinkification-of-tech","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Important story about the backlash against the \"Pinkification\" of STEM in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/How-not-to-attract-women-to-coding-Make-tech-pink-5602104.php#photo-6560862\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It creates the idea that women need sort of a separate universe in which women can be tech professionals,\" said UCSD professor Elizabeth Losh. \"Instead of trying to be inclusive, it's an alternate reality world.\"\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.sfgate.com/news/article/How-not-to-attract-women-to-coding-Make-tech-pink-5602104.php\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/36733/the-backlash-against-the-pinkification-of-tech","authors":["180"],"categories":["mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_47","mindshift_825"],"featImg":"mindshift_36762","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_30527":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_30527","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"30527","score":null,"sort":[1376146849000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"why-arent-more-girls-attracted-to-physics","title":"Why Aren't More Girls Attracted To Physics?","publishDate":1376146849,"format":"aside","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30531\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-30531\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/08/physics-girls_wide-07cae87558f4b42b2e340ec07e7ee3aa0a1d499b-s40-640x358.jpg\" alt=\"physics-girls\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">You don't need to be a social scientist to know there is a gender diversity problem in technology. The tech industry in \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2013/06/silicon-valley-race-gender-problem-income-inequality\">Silicon Valley\u003c/a> and across the nation is overwhelmingly male-dominated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That isn't to say there aren't women working at tech firms. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2012/07/17/156935365/new-yahoo-ceo-among-a-rare-few-women-execs-with-tech-creds\">Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/13.7/2013/03/31/175862363/should-all-women-heed-authors-advice-to-lean-in\">Sheryl Sandberg\u003c/a> of Facebook have raised the profile of women at high-tech firms. But those prominent exceptions do not accurately portray who makes up the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2013/06/24/195144754/closing-the-tech-industry-s-gender-gap-requires-better-data\">engineering\u003c/a> ranks at those and other tech companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visit Silicon Valley and you will hear many people talk about the need to increase the number of female hackers. The conventional wisdom about why there are so few female coders usually points a finger at disparities in the talent pool, which is linked to disparities in \u003ca href=\"http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2012/04/12/inside-the-silicon-valley-gender-gap\">tech education\u003c/a>. In fact, starting as early as adolescence, girls and boys often choose different academic paths. When the time comes for young people to elect to go into engineering school, serious gender disparities become \u003ca href=\"http://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB130221786789702297/Women-Engineering-Graduates-at-15-Year-Low\">visible\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ssqu.12022/full\">new study\u003c/a> by University of Texas sociologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/prc/directory/faculty/cr653\">Catherine Riegle-Crumb\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Social Science Quarterly\u003c/em> offers an interesting new perspective on this divide. Along with co-author Chelsea Moore, Riegle-Crumb decided to dive into the gender divide in high school physics courses. (Even as the gender divide in some areas of science has diminished, a stubborn gap has persisted for decades in high school physics.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riegle-Crumb had a simple question: The national divide showed boys were more likely to take physics than girls. But was this divide constant across the country?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an analysis of some 10,000 students at nearly 100 schools, Riegle-Crumb found that the divide was anything but constant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we find is that there are many schools where boys and girls take high school physics at the same rate,\" Riegle-Crumb said in an interview. \"And that there are many other schools where more girls actually take physics than boys. And so when you look at the aggregate, you see a pattern where boys are taking physics more than girls, but there is a lot of variation around that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some obvious things that could cause those variations. If parents of some kids are scientists, or highly educated, they might push their daughters to take tough courses in high school. Wealthy families might be able to afford tutoring, or have one parent stay home to help kids with homework. Better funded suburban schools might be at an advantage over inner-city schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Riegle-Crumb controlled for those and other possibilities, she found one reason remained: \"What we found is that in communities that had a higher percentage of women in the labor force who are working in science, technology, engineering and math, that in those schools, girls were as likely as boys to take physics, or even more likely.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>[RELATED:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/01/girls-and-math-busting-the-stereotype/\">Girls and Math: Busting the Stereotype ]\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riegle-Crumb's finding about the importance of local role models meshes with a broad range of \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/the_hidden_brain/2011/03/psychout_sexism.html\">earlier work\u003c/a> that shows the decision to pursue math and science is not about innate differences between boys and girls, but about \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/320/5880/1164.summary\">social context\u003c/a> and norms. Countries with greater \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/106/22/8801.abstract\">gender equality\u003c/a>, for example, reveal more equal math test scores among boys and girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teenage girls growing up in communities where women are better represented in tech are more likely to see women commenting on tech issues in public forums and in school discussions — and more likely to run into a friend's astrophysicist mom at a birthday party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, Riegle-Crumb said, girls growing up in communities where most working women are in jobs traditionally held by women such as child care or nursing might not see the possibilities that exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I am a young woman growing up in a community or culture like that, then that's what I see as, 'Well, this is what I am expected to do,' \" Riegle-Crumb said. \"And so it may not ever occur to me, that, 'Oh, you know, I don't actually have to do that. There's a vast array of things I could choose to do.' But if no one around me is doing those things, it's hard for me to even consider that possibility.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2013 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Aren%27t+More+Girls+Attracted+To+Physics%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Transcript :\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LINDA WERTHEIMER, HOST:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's social science correspondent, Shankar Vedantam, just got back to Washington from a trip to Silicon Valley where he noticed, as many others have, how few women are represented among the ranks of engineers at tech companies. He's here with us now to talk about a new study that takes a fresh look at the persistent gender disparity in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, the so-called STEM fields. Shankar, welcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHANKAR VEDANTAM, BYLINE: Hi, Linda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WERTHEIMER: So does this research explain why we see so few women in tech?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VEDANTAM: Indirectly, Linda. A lot of people in technology want to see more female engineers but the problem, they say, is that not enough women are taking course that lead to engineering careers. In fact, if you go back even further, adolescent boys and girls often take different academic paths which leads to these disparities in career choices. We've known for decades, for example, that girls are less likely than boys to take high school physics courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spoke with Catherine Riegle-Crumb. She's a sociologist at the University of Texas at Austin. She recently tracked 10,000 high school students across the country because she had a hunch that this gender gap in high school physics actually masks something really important. And what she found was actually very interesting. This gender gap in physics is not a constant. It varies quite widely across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some places boys do take more physics than girls but there are many schools where it's actually girls who are more often taking physics than boys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WERTHEIMER: So does she go on, I hope, to explain why there would be such a variation?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VEDANTAM: So she looked at a bunch of factors that might explain it. You know, income and family education could play a role. If your parents are physicists, maybe you're more likely to take physics. Or maybe you have a parent who can afford to stay home fulltime with you and that's why you take tough high school courses. So Riegle-Crumb controlled for those things. She statistically eliminated the effects of wealth and family education background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She even controlled for the location of the school - whether it was suburban or inner city - and she found that there was one factor that predicted why girls took physics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CATHERINE RIEGLE-CRUMB: In communities that had a higher percentage of women in the labor force who are working in science, technology, engineering and math, in those schools girls were as likely as boys to take physics or even more likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WERTHEIMER: So let me be sure that I understand. She says that the number of women in the community who are doing math and engineering in their work, that when those jobs go up, somehow the girls from that community take more physics?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VEDANTAM: That's exactly what she's saying, Linda. And in some ways this matches what international studies have found. Countries that have greater gender equality, for example, seem to have more equal test scores in math among boys and girls. I think what Riegle-Crumb has done is empirically demonstrate the same thing happening within the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I asked her, you know, what causes this effect? You know, high school girls don't hang out at the local tech company to see whether there are women working there or not. And she said it's subtler than that. You know, having more women in the local tech workforce changes local norms. It changes how the playing field tilts. You know, who do you see on television? You meet the mom of a friend at a birthday party and it turns out she's an astrophysicist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compare that to a girl growing in a part of the country where women are in traditionally female occupations like childcare or nursing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RIEGLE-CRUMB: So if I'm a young woman growing up in a community or a culture like that, then that's what I see as, well, this is what I'm expected to do. Right? And so it may not ever occur to me that, oh, you know, I don't actually have to do that. There's a vast array of things I could choose to do. But if no one around me is doing those things, it's hard to even consider that possibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WERTHEIMER: So does she think, Riegle-Crumb, does she think this work could possibly have policy implications? I mean is there some you can intervene in this process?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VEDANTAM: Well, she does. You know, a lot of tech companies want to increase the representation of women among the ranks of their engineers, but the thing is that companies think the source of the problem lies in education, that girls are not taking these courses. I think what Riegle-Crumb's research shows is that this is a chicken and egg problem. Fewer girls may be taking courses that lead to tech careers when they don't see female role models already in tech careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WERTHEIMER: So you supply role models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VEDANTAM: Exactly. So you know, the answer to the question of why are there so few women in tech is because there are so few women in tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(LAUGHTER)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WERTHEIMER: Thank you very much, Shankar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VEDANTAM: Thanks, Linda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WERTHEIMER: That's Shankar Vedantam, who regularly joins us to talk about social science research. You can follow him on Twitter @hiddenbrain or you can follow this program @MORNING EDITION. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Even as the gender divide in some areas of science has diminished, a stubborn gap has persisted in high school physics. A new study finds that girls are more likely to take physics if they see women in their communities working in science, technology, engineering and math.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1376407980,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":39,"wordCount":1662},"headData":{"title":"Why Aren't More Girls Attracted To Physics? | KQED","description":"Even as the gender divide in some areas of science has diminished, a stubborn gap has persisted in high school physics. A new study finds that girls are more likely to take physics if they see women in their communities working in science, technology, engineering and math.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why Aren't More Girls Attracted To Physics?","datePublished":"2013-08-10T15:00:49.000Z","dateModified":"2013-08-13T15:33:00.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"30527 http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=30527","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/08/10/why-arent-more-girls-attracted-to-physics/","disqusTitle":"Why Aren't More Girls Attracted To Physics?","nprByline":"Shankar Vedantam","nprStoryId":"210251404","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=210251404&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2013/08/09/210251404/why-arent-more-girls-attracted-to-physics?ft=3&f=210251404","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 09 Aug 2013 12:06:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 09 Aug 2013 04:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 09 Aug 2013 12:05:59 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2013/08/20130809_me_19.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1013&ft=3&f=210251404","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1210412973-e3efb9.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1013&ft=3&f=210251404","path":"/mindshift/30527/why-arent-more-girls-attracted-to-physics","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2013/08/20130809_me_19.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1013&ft=3&f=210251404","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30531\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-30531\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/08/physics-girls_wide-07cae87558f4b42b2e340ec07e7ee3aa0a1d499b-s40-640x358.jpg\" alt=\"physics-girls\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">You don't need to be a social scientist to know there is a gender diversity problem in technology. The tech industry in \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2013/06/silicon-valley-race-gender-problem-income-inequality\">Silicon Valley\u003c/a> and across the nation is overwhelmingly male-dominated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That isn't to say there aren't women working at tech firms. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2012/07/17/156935365/new-yahoo-ceo-among-a-rare-few-women-execs-with-tech-creds\">Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/13.7/2013/03/31/175862363/should-all-women-heed-authors-advice-to-lean-in\">Sheryl Sandberg\u003c/a> of Facebook have raised the profile of women at high-tech firms. But those prominent exceptions do not accurately portray who makes up the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2013/06/24/195144754/closing-the-tech-industry-s-gender-gap-requires-better-data\">engineering\u003c/a> ranks at those and other tech companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visit Silicon Valley and you will hear many people talk about the need to increase the number of female hackers. The conventional wisdom about why there are so few female coders usually points a finger at disparities in the talent pool, which is linked to disparities in \u003ca href=\"http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2012/04/12/inside-the-silicon-valley-gender-gap\">tech education\u003c/a>. In fact, starting as early as adolescence, girls and boys often choose different academic paths. When the time comes for young people to elect to go into engineering school, serious gender disparities become \u003ca href=\"http://it-jobs.fins.com/Articles/SB130221786789702297/Women-Engineering-Graduates-at-15-Year-Low\">visible\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ssqu.12022/full\">new study\u003c/a> by University of Texas sociologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/prc/directory/faculty/cr653\">Catherine Riegle-Crumb\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Social Science Quarterly\u003c/em> offers an interesting new perspective on this divide. Along with co-author Chelsea Moore, Riegle-Crumb decided to dive into the gender divide in high school physics courses. (Even as the gender divide in some areas of science has diminished, a stubborn gap has persisted for decades in high school physics.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riegle-Crumb had a simple question: The national divide showed boys were more likely to take physics than girls. But was this divide constant across the country?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an analysis of some 10,000 students at nearly 100 schools, Riegle-Crumb found that the divide was anything but constant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we find is that there are many schools where boys and girls take high school physics at the same rate,\" Riegle-Crumb said in an interview. \"And that there are many other schools where more girls actually take physics than boys. And so when you look at the aggregate, you see a pattern where boys are taking physics more than girls, but there is a lot of variation around that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some obvious things that could cause those variations. If parents of some kids are scientists, or highly educated, they might push their daughters to take tough courses in high school. Wealthy families might be able to afford tutoring, or have one parent stay home to help kids with homework. Better funded suburban schools might be at an advantage over inner-city schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Riegle-Crumb controlled for those and other possibilities, she found one reason remained: \"What we found is that in communities that had a higher percentage of women in the labor force who are working in science, technology, engineering and math, that in those schools, girls were as likely as boys to take physics, or even more likely.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>[RELATED:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/01/girls-and-math-busting-the-stereotype/\">Girls and Math: Busting the Stereotype ]\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riegle-Crumb's finding about the importance of local role models meshes with a broad range of \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/the_hidden_brain/2011/03/psychout_sexism.html\">earlier work\u003c/a> that shows the decision to pursue math and science is not about innate differences between boys and girls, but about \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/320/5880/1164.summary\">social context\u003c/a> and norms. Countries with greater \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/106/22/8801.abstract\">gender equality\u003c/a>, for example, reveal more equal math test scores among boys and girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teenage girls growing up in communities where women are better represented in tech are more likely to see women commenting on tech issues in public forums and in school discussions — and more likely to run into a friend's astrophysicist mom at a birthday party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, Riegle-Crumb said, girls growing up in communities where most working women are in jobs traditionally held by women such as child care or nursing might not see the possibilities that exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I am a young woman growing up in a community or culture like that, then that's what I see as, 'Well, this is what I am expected to do,' \" Riegle-Crumb said. \"And so it may not ever occur to me, that, 'Oh, you know, I don't actually have to do that. There's a vast array of things I could choose to do.' But if no one around me is doing those things, it's hard for me to even consider that possibility.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2013 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Aren%27t+More+Girls+Attracted+To+Physics%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Transcript :\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LINDA WERTHEIMER, HOST:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's social science correspondent, Shankar Vedantam, just got back to Washington from a trip to Silicon Valley where he noticed, as many others have, how few women are represented among the ranks of engineers at tech companies. He's here with us now to talk about a new study that takes a fresh look at the persistent gender disparity in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, the so-called STEM fields. Shankar, welcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHANKAR VEDANTAM, BYLINE: Hi, Linda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WERTHEIMER: So does this research explain why we see so few women in tech?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VEDANTAM: Indirectly, Linda. A lot of people in technology want to see more female engineers but the problem, they say, is that not enough women are taking course that lead to engineering careers. In fact, if you go back even further, adolescent boys and girls often take different academic paths which leads to these disparities in career choices. We've known for decades, for example, that girls are less likely than boys to take high school physics courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spoke with Catherine Riegle-Crumb. She's a sociologist at the University of Texas at Austin. She recently tracked 10,000 high school students across the country because she had a hunch that this gender gap in high school physics actually masks something really important. And what she found was actually very interesting. This gender gap in physics is not a constant. It varies quite widely across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some places boys do take more physics than girls but there are many schools where it's actually girls who are more often taking physics than boys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WERTHEIMER: So does she go on, I hope, to explain why there would be such a variation?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VEDANTAM: So she looked at a bunch of factors that might explain it. You know, income and family education could play a role. If your parents are physicists, maybe you're more likely to take physics. Or maybe you have a parent who can afford to stay home fulltime with you and that's why you take tough high school courses. So Riegle-Crumb controlled for those things. She statistically eliminated the effects of wealth and family education background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She even controlled for the location of the school - whether it was suburban or inner city - and she found that there was one factor that predicted why girls took physics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CATHERINE RIEGLE-CRUMB: In communities that had a higher percentage of women in the labor force who are working in science, technology, engineering and math, in those schools girls were as likely as boys to take physics or even more likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WERTHEIMER: So let me be sure that I understand. She says that the number of women in the community who are doing math and engineering in their work, that when those jobs go up, somehow the girls from that community take more physics?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VEDANTAM: That's exactly what she's saying, Linda. And in some ways this matches what international studies have found. Countries that have greater gender equality, for example, seem to have more equal test scores in math among boys and girls. I think what Riegle-Crumb has done is empirically demonstrate the same thing happening within the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I asked her, you know, what causes this effect? You know, high school girls don't hang out at the local tech company to see whether there are women working there or not. And she said it's subtler than that. You know, having more women in the local tech workforce changes local norms. It changes how the playing field tilts. You know, who do you see on television? You meet the mom of a friend at a birthday party and it turns out she's an astrophysicist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compare that to a girl growing in a part of the country where women are in traditionally female occupations like childcare or nursing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RIEGLE-CRUMB: So if I'm a young woman growing up in a community or a culture like that, then that's what I see as, well, this is what I'm expected to do. Right? And so it may not ever occur to me that, oh, you know, I don't actually have to do that. There's a vast array of things I could choose to do. But if no one around me is doing those things, it's hard to even consider that possibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WERTHEIMER: So does she think, Riegle-Crumb, does she think this work could possibly have policy implications? I mean is there some you can intervene in this process?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VEDANTAM: Well, she does. You know, a lot of tech companies want to increase the representation of women among the ranks of their engineers, but the thing is that companies think the source of the problem lies in education, that girls are not taking these courses. I think what Riegle-Crumb's research shows is that this is a chicken and egg problem. Fewer girls may be taking courses that lead to tech careers when they don't see female role models already in tech careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WERTHEIMER: So you supply role models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VEDANTAM: Exactly. So you know, the answer to the question of why are there so few women in tech is because there are so few women in tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(LAUGHTER)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WERTHEIMER: Thank you very much, Shankar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VEDANTAM: Thanks, Linda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WERTHEIMER: That's Shankar Vedantam, who regularly joins us to talk about social science research. You can follow him on Twitter @hiddenbrain or you can follow this program @MORNING EDITION. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/30527/why-arent-more-girls-attracted-to-physics","authors":["byline_mindshift_30527"],"categories":["mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_1040","mindshift_20540","mindshift_47","mindshift_825"],"featImg":"mindshift_30531","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_28673":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_28673","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"28673","score":null,"sort":[1368799219000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"can-a-toy-spark-interest-in-engineering-for-girls","title":"Can a Toy Spark Interest in Engineering for Girls?","publishDate":1368799219,"format":"aside","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28685\" class=\"wp-caption center\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-28685\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/05/DebbieSterlingPic-620x447.jpg\" alt=\"DebbieSterlingPic\" width=\"620\" height=\"447\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">It's a common refrain that there aren’t enough \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/01/girls-and-math-busting-the-stereotype/\">women in jobs that require math and science skills\u003c/a> like engineering and computer science. Though more programs are cropping up geared towards girls involved in science through \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/05/what-schools-can-learn-from-summer-camps/\">camps\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/prince-georges-county-high-school-girls-in-national-rocket-competition/2013/05/05/4dadbcea-ab5f-11e2-a198-99893f10d6dd_story.html\">rocketry clubs\u003c/a> or with more focused \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/04/combining-robotics-with-poetry-art-and-engineering-can-co-exist/\">courses on STEM subjects\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aauw.org/resource/why-so-few-women-in-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics/\">gender imbalance\u003c/a> is still striking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discrepancy became all-too apparent to Debbie Sterling, a budding inventor who was one of the only girls in her engineering courses at Stanford. So she came up with an idea to encourage more girls in is why she’s spent the last several years developing \u003ca href=\"http://www.goldieblox.com/\">GoldieBlox\u003c/a>, a toy focused on developing spatial skills in girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just think there need to be more options, more role models, more career paths for girls to see and that’s what I’m trying to do with GoldieBlox,” Sterling said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sterling discovered her interest in engineering almost by accident -- a math teacher suggested she take a course when she got to college -- and she wonders if girls would choose science careers if they were exposed to basic engineering and physics concepts earlier in life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Some modeling of a cool, young girl engineer could be useful if the girl playing can see a path from where she is to where the cool, functioning engineer is.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07370000802177177#.UYmXBbXvt8E\">Research shows\u003c/a> that building toys like Legos or Erector Sets are good for building spatial skills, but those typically fall under the stereotype of toys for boys. After visiting the toy store and experiencing what she called “the pink explosion isle for girls” Sterling decided she needed to build an engineering toy that would appeal to girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GoldieBlox and the Spinning Machine is a construction kit with pieces that clip into a board to make a simple belt drive. The set comes with a story that tells of a girl engineer named Goldie who \u003c!--more-->wants to build a spinning machine so all her friends can spin together. She takes apart a jewelry box to learn about the spinning mechanism and then builds her own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>[RELATED READING: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/04/giving-good-praise-to-girls-what-messages-stick/\">Giving Good Praise to Girls: What Messages Stick?\u003c/a>]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My 'ah ha' moment was that instead of a construction toy only, which is spatial skills and object play, I would combine spatial skills with verbal, so I would have the construction toy plus the book,” Sterling said. “By introducing the story of Goldie and these characters, and building for a reason, it gave girls the context they were craving and the narrative behind the play that was meaningful to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She came up with the idea of her hybrid story-building toy by observing that girls prefer narrative-based play. She hoped she could draw girls in with a story and after directing them to follow along with Goldie as she builds, they’d get comfortable tinkering with the construction kit. Once they're comfortable with the parts and how they work, the hope is that they begin to design their own machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some modeling of a cool, young girl engineer could be useful if the girl playing can see a path from where she is to where the cool, functioning engineer is,” said Carol Dweck, a professor of psychology at Stanford University. She said the connection between the toy and engineering needs to be clear and that the hands on-skills girls learn at young ages need to be continual reinforcement for the effects to last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldie can be a role model to younger girls, while the inventor herself can model what a successful female engineer looks like to older girls. “She’s not the kid genius,” Sterling said describing Goldie. “She’s well liked; she’s fun; she’s quirky; she’s a little messy. I guess that is a bit like me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sterling said in its early days the toy has been very popular with engineering parents. “It touched my heart that it was a mechanical toy that was targeted towards young girls,” said Martin Miller, an engineer who pre-ordered GoldieBlox for his six-year-old daughter Kaitlin when the toy appeared on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/16029337/goldieblox-the-engineering-toy-for-girls\">Kickstarter\u003c/a>. “That’s unusual and I felt that was perfect for my little daughter.” Kaitlin has two older brothers and Miller considers a tomboy, so he thought she’d like a building toy. She has also already begun to play with the characters off the board, imagining scenes for Goldie and her friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sterling hoped her toy would inspire creative play and was also aware of \u003ca href=\"https://www.stanford.edu/dept/psychology/cgi-bin/drupalm/system/files/Person%20vs%20process%20praise%20and%20criticism%20-%20Implications%20for%20contingent%20self%20worth%20and%20coping_0.pdf\">research like Carol Dweck’s\u003c/a> that shows kids need to learn to struggle with difficult concepts so they know how to tackle setbacks in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From a very young age I would start stressing the fun and interestingness of difficult tasks,” Dweck said. “When something is easy I’d say, ‘oh that’s boring, that’s a waste of time.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>[RELATED READING: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/02/how-to-foster-grit-tenacity-and-perseverance-an-educators-guide/\">How to Foster Grit, Tenacity and Perseverance: An Educator's Guide\u003c/a>]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first draft of the story, Sterling had Goldie build a machine that didn’t work. But when Sterling tested the story line, girls and their parents got so frustrated that the machine didn’t work that they refused to turn the page and continue. So Sterling softened the failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a moment where Goldie is perplexed,” she said. “So I don’t set anyone up for failure, but I show that she’s confused and she doesn’t know the answers and she goes through a series of funny moments where she tries a bunch of things until she finally works it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That strategy is in line with Dweck’s research on how to keep kids striving for challenging tasks. “If you have little failures along the way and have them understand that’s part of learning, part of building and that you can actually derive useful information about what to do next -- that’s really useful,” Dweck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some \u003ca href=\"http://www.goldieblox.com/pages/track-goldie\">specialty toy stores\u003c/a> are already stocking GoldieBlox after the Kickstarter campaign Sterling launched to fund manufacturing went viral and more than doubled its goal. “From the very beginning I knew I wanted this girl character sitting on the shelf next to Bob the Builder and Thomas the Train,” Sterling said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The game costs $29.99 and the three additional story lines and accompanying kits that Sterling is working on will likely have similar price tags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sterling wants the toy to be inclusive, unlike her experiences in engineering classes at Stanford, where most of her professors were men and she often felt her ideas were discounted. “I want everybody to get to have fun with engineering and I think that by doing it in this very accessible way that no one has to feel like they don’t belong,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Fed up with the limited choices of toys for girls, a Stanford-trained engineer created a toy focused on developing spatial skills in girls.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1369352081,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1189},"headData":{"title":"Can a Toy Spark Interest in Engineering for Girls? | KQED","description":"Fed up with the limited choices of toys for girls, a Stanford-trained engineer created a toy focused on developing spatial skills in girls.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Can a Toy Spark Interest in Engineering for Girls?","datePublished":"2013-05-17T14:00:19.000Z","dateModified":"2013-05-23T23:34:41.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"28673 http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=28673","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/05/17/can-a-toy-spark-interest-in-engineering-for-girls/","disqusTitle":"Can a Toy Spark Interest in Engineering for Girls?","path":"/mindshift/28673/can-a-toy-spark-interest-in-engineering-for-girls","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28685\" class=\"wp-caption center\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-28685\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/05/DebbieSterlingPic-620x447.jpg\" alt=\"DebbieSterlingPic\" width=\"620\" height=\"447\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">It's a common refrain that there aren’t enough \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/01/girls-and-math-busting-the-stereotype/\">women in jobs that require math and science skills\u003c/a> like engineering and computer science. Though more programs are cropping up geared towards girls involved in science through \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/05/what-schools-can-learn-from-summer-camps/\">camps\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/prince-georges-county-high-school-girls-in-national-rocket-competition/2013/05/05/4dadbcea-ab5f-11e2-a198-99893f10d6dd_story.html\">rocketry clubs\u003c/a> or with more focused \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/04/combining-robotics-with-poetry-art-and-engineering-can-co-exist/\">courses on STEM subjects\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aauw.org/resource/why-so-few-women-in-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics/\">gender imbalance\u003c/a> is still striking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discrepancy became all-too apparent to Debbie Sterling, a budding inventor who was one of the only girls in her engineering courses at Stanford. So she came up with an idea to encourage more girls in is why she’s spent the last several years developing \u003ca href=\"http://www.goldieblox.com/\">GoldieBlox\u003c/a>, a toy focused on developing spatial skills in girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just think there need to be more options, more role models, more career paths for girls to see and that’s what I’m trying to do with GoldieBlox,” Sterling said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sterling discovered her interest in engineering almost by accident -- a math teacher suggested she take a course when she got to college -- and she wonders if girls would choose science careers if they were exposed to basic engineering and physics concepts earlier in life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Some modeling of a cool, young girl engineer could be useful if the girl playing can see a path from where she is to where the cool, functioning engineer is.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07370000802177177#.UYmXBbXvt8E\">Research shows\u003c/a> that building toys like Legos or Erector Sets are good for building spatial skills, but those typically fall under the stereotype of toys for boys. After visiting the toy store and experiencing what she called “the pink explosion isle for girls” Sterling decided she needed to build an engineering toy that would appeal to girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GoldieBlox and the Spinning Machine is a construction kit with pieces that clip into a board to make a simple belt drive. The set comes with a story that tells of a girl engineer named Goldie who \u003c!--more-->wants to build a spinning machine so all her friends can spin together. She takes apart a jewelry box to learn about the spinning mechanism and then builds her own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>[RELATED READING: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/04/giving-good-praise-to-girls-what-messages-stick/\">Giving Good Praise to Girls: What Messages Stick?\u003c/a>]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My 'ah ha' moment was that instead of a construction toy only, which is spatial skills and object play, I would combine spatial skills with verbal, so I would have the construction toy plus the book,” Sterling said. “By introducing the story of Goldie and these characters, and building for a reason, it gave girls the context they were craving and the narrative behind the play that was meaningful to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She came up with the idea of her hybrid story-building toy by observing that girls prefer narrative-based play. She hoped she could draw girls in with a story and after directing them to follow along with Goldie as she builds, they’d get comfortable tinkering with the construction kit. Once they're comfortable with the parts and how they work, the hope is that they begin to design their own machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some modeling of a cool, young girl engineer could be useful if the girl playing can see a path from where she is to where the cool, functioning engineer is,” said Carol Dweck, a professor of psychology at Stanford University. She said the connection between the toy and engineering needs to be clear and that the hands on-skills girls learn at young ages need to be continual reinforcement for the effects to last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldie can be a role model to younger girls, while the inventor herself can model what a successful female engineer looks like to older girls. “She’s not the kid genius,” Sterling said describing Goldie. “She’s well liked; she’s fun; she’s quirky; she’s a little messy. I guess that is a bit like me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sterling said in its early days the toy has been very popular with engineering parents. “It touched my heart that it was a mechanical toy that was targeted towards young girls,” said Martin Miller, an engineer who pre-ordered GoldieBlox for his six-year-old daughter Kaitlin when the toy appeared on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/16029337/goldieblox-the-engineering-toy-for-girls\">Kickstarter\u003c/a>. “That’s unusual and I felt that was perfect for my little daughter.” Kaitlin has two older brothers and Miller considers a tomboy, so he thought she’d like a building toy. She has also already begun to play with the characters off the board, imagining scenes for Goldie and her friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sterling hoped her toy would inspire creative play and was also aware of \u003ca href=\"https://www.stanford.edu/dept/psychology/cgi-bin/drupalm/system/files/Person%20vs%20process%20praise%20and%20criticism%20-%20Implications%20for%20contingent%20self%20worth%20and%20coping_0.pdf\">research like Carol Dweck’s\u003c/a> that shows kids need to learn to struggle with difficult concepts so they know how to tackle setbacks in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From a very young age I would start stressing the fun and interestingness of difficult tasks,” Dweck said. “When something is easy I’d say, ‘oh that’s boring, that’s a waste of time.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>[RELATED READING: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/02/how-to-foster-grit-tenacity-and-perseverance-an-educators-guide/\">How to Foster Grit, Tenacity and Perseverance: An Educator's Guide\u003c/a>]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first draft of the story, Sterling had Goldie build a machine that didn’t work. But when Sterling tested the story line, girls and their parents got so frustrated that the machine didn’t work that they refused to turn the page and continue. So Sterling softened the failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a moment where Goldie is perplexed,” she said. “So I don’t set anyone up for failure, but I show that she’s confused and she doesn’t know the answers and she goes through a series of funny moments where she tries a bunch of things until she finally works it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That strategy is in line with Dweck’s research on how to keep kids striving for challenging tasks. “If you have little failures along the way and have them understand that’s part of learning, part of building and that you can actually derive useful information about what to do next -- that’s really useful,” Dweck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some \u003ca href=\"http://www.goldieblox.com/pages/track-goldie\">specialty toy stores\u003c/a> are already stocking GoldieBlox after the Kickstarter campaign Sterling launched to fund manufacturing went viral and more than doubled its goal. “From the very beginning I knew I wanted this girl character sitting on the shelf next to Bob the Builder and Thomas the Train,” Sterling said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The game costs $29.99 and the three additional story lines and accompanying kits that Sterling is working on will likely have similar price tags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sterling wants the toy to be inclusive, unlike her experiences in engineering classes at Stanford, where most of her professors were men and she often felt her ideas were discounted. “I want everybody to get to have fun with engineering and I think that by doing it in this very accessible way that no one has to feel like they don’t belong,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/28673/can-a-toy-spark-interest-in-engineering-for-girls","authors":["234"],"categories":["mindshift_192","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_796","mindshift_20902","mindshift_47","mindshift_825"],"featImg":"mindshift_28685","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_27310":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_27310","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"27310","score":null,"sort":[1361818995000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-educators-can-help-close-the-achievement-gap-with-simple-tactics","title":"How Educators Can Help Close the Achievement Gap With Simple Tactics","publishDate":1361818995,"format":"aside","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27316\" class=\"wp-caption center\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-27316\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/02/76754181-620x357.jpg\" alt=\"76754181\" width=\"620\" height=\"357\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">\u003cem>A \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/2013/february/latino-achievement-gap-021413.html\">new study from Stanford\u003c/a> shows that a simple teaching tactic may help close the achievement gap between Latino American students and their white peers. \u003ca href=\"https://ed.stanford.edu/faculty/glc\">Geoffrey Cohen\u003c/a>, a professor of education and psychology at Stanford, and David Sherman of the University of California-Santa Barbara, and their fellow researchers explored the negative effects of \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/03/can-stereotyping-girls-harm-boys-too/\">stereotype threat\u003c/a>,\" and came up with a finding, published by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/psp/index.aspx\">Journal of Personality and Social Psychology\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/2013/february/latino-achievement-gap-021413.html\">article below\u003c/a> by Marguerite Rigoglioso explains in detail.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The matter comes down to overcoming the negative effects of \"stereotype threat,\" a phenomenon that researchers have identified and documented over the last two decades. What they have found – in numerous studies – is that the stress and uncertain sense of belonging that can stem from being a member of a negatively stereotyped group undermines academic performance of minority students as compared with white students.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>\"Small gestures of affirmation can have lasting consequences, especially when they are woven into the student's daily experience.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Cohen and his colleagues have been looking for remedies to stereotype threat. In the first study described in the article, the researchers devised well-timed \"values-affirmation\" classroom assignments given to both Latino and white students as a part of the regular classroom curriculum. In one exercise, middle schoolers were given a list of values, such as \"being good at art,\" \"being religious\" and \"having a sense of humor.\" They were asked to pick the ones that were important to them and write a few sentences describing why. In a second exercise, they reflected in a more open-ended manner on things in their life that were important to them, and in a third they were guided to write a brief essay describing how the things they most consistently valued would be important to them in the coming spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students completed several structured reflection exercises in their class throughout the year. \u003c!--more-->The tasks were given at critical moments: the beginning of the school year; before tests; and near the holiday season, a period of stress for many people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The control group was guided to write about values that were important to other people, but not themselves, or about other neutral topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results were dramatic: Latino students who completed the affirmation exercises had higher grades than those in the control group. Moreover, the effects of the affirmation intervention persisted for three years. The task had no significant effect on white students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second study looked at whether affirmation interventions could lessen the persistent threat to Latino Americans' identity caused by the overt or subtle presence of racial and ethnic stereotypes and prejudices. Researchers administered values affirmation tasks and also assessed students' perceptions of daily adversity, identity threat and feelings of academic fit. They did this several times over the school year as reflected in diary entries, and again measured students' grades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">[\u003cstrong>RELATED:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/01/girls-and-math-busting-the-stereotype/\">Girls and Math: Busting the Stereotype\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surveys completed by children in the classroom indicated that Latino students who had participated in the affirmation exercises were less likely to see daily stress and adversity as threatening to their identity and sense of belonging in school. Once again, their grades were higher than those who did not participate in the affirmation assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Self-affirmation exercises provide adolescents from minority groups with a psychological time out,\" said Cohen. In an environment many minorities find hostile, such tasks provide reassurance about who they are and what's really important at a critical time in their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to why the interventions affected minorities but not white students, Cohen said, \"Latino Americans are under a more consistent and chronic sense of psychological threat in the educational setting than their white counterparts on average. They constantly face negative stereotypes about their ability to succeed, so they are the ones to benefit the most from affirmations that help them to maintain a positive self-image.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MULTIPLE BENEFITS \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such affirmations not only help students feel more confident, they allow them to reframe adversity and challenges as temporary phenomena rather than looming signs that they somehow don't belong – or, worse, that they are fulfilling negative stereotypes about their inferiority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studies also underscore that underperformance is frequently not a function of individual inadequacy, but rather systemic failure. \"A threatening environment can make smart kids less likely to show what they know, whereas a positive environment might pull out qualities that make the seemingly average student shine,\" said Cohen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen's study represents the latest advance in decades-long work on minority student achievement pioneered by a group of researchers across the country, most notably Stanford Graduate School of Education \u003ca href=\"https://ed.stanford.edu/faculty/steele\">Dean Claude Steele\u003c/a>. His book, \u003ca href=\"http://books.wwnorton.com/books/Whistling-Vivaldi/\">\u003cem>Whistling Vivaldi: And Other Clues to How Stereotypes Affect Us\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, chronicles the discovery and explanation of stereotype threat. Working in this arena for the past decade, Cohen, often in collaboration with Steele, Stanford psychology professor Greg Walton and others, has used insights from previous research to explore measures that might reduce its effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen cautioned that such interventions are not a magic bullet. \"Psychological threat might not contribute to a group's performance in some schools,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">[\u003cstrong>RELATED:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/03/can-stereotyping-girls-harm-boys-too/\">Can Stereotyping Girls Harm Boys Too?\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he noted that such interventions echo what great teachers already do: continually affirm children. \"Small gestures of affirmation can have lasting consequences, especially when they are woven into the student's daily experience,\" he said. Teacher training, he indicated, should ensure that teachers make them a part of their toolkit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the school level you need committed teachers, and a solid curriculum,\" Cohen said. \"When these factors are in place, when opportunities for growth are there, psychological interventions can help students change their lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study's other co-authors were from UC-Santa Barbara, Columbia University, the University of Colorado and the University of Chicago. The National Science Foundation, the Spencer Foundation and the University of California funded the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Marguerite Rigoglioso writes frequently for the \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Graduate School of Education, \u003c/a>\u003c/em>where this article originally appeared.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1361818995,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":1006},"headData":{"title":"How Educators Can Help Close the Achievement Gap With Simple Tactics | KQED","description":"A new study from Stanford shows that a simple teaching tactic may help close the achievement gap between Latino American students and their white peers. Geoffrey Cohen, a professor of education and psychology at Stanford, and David Sherman of the University of California-Santa Barbara, and their fellow researchers explored the negative effects of "stereotype threat,"","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Educators Can Help Close the Achievement Gap With Simple Tactics","datePublished":"2013-02-25T19:03:15.000Z","dateModified":"2013-02-25T19:03:15.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"27310 http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=27310","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/02/25/how-educators-can-help-close-the-achievement-gap-with-simple-tactics/","disqusTitle":"How Educators Can Help Close the Achievement Gap With Simple Tactics","path":"/mindshift/27310/how-educators-can-help-close-the-achievement-gap-with-simple-tactics","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27316\" class=\"wp-caption center\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-27316\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/02/76754181-620x357.jpg\" alt=\"76754181\" width=\"620\" height=\"357\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">\u003cem>A \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/2013/february/latino-achievement-gap-021413.html\">new study from Stanford\u003c/a> shows that a simple teaching tactic may help close the achievement gap between Latino American students and their white peers. \u003ca href=\"https://ed.stanford.edu/faculty/glc\">Geoffrey Cohen\u003c/a>, a professor of education and psychology at Stanford, and David Sherman of the University of California-Santa Barbara, and their fellow researchers explored the negative effects of \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/03/can-stereotyping-girls-harm-boys-too/\">stereotype threat\u003c/a>,\" and came up with a finding, published by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/psp/index.aspx\">Journal of Personality and Social Psychology\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/2013/february/latino-achievement-gap-021413.html\">article below\u003c/a> by Marguerite Rigoglioso explains in detail.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The matter comes down to overcoming the negative effects of \"stereotype threat,\" a phenomenon that researchers have identified and documented over the last two decades. What they have found – in numerous studies – is that the stress and uncertain sense of belonging that can stem from being a member of a negatively stereotyped group undermines academic performance of minority students as compared with white students.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cstrong>\"Small gestures of affirmation can have lasting consequences, especially when they are woven into the student's daily experience.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Cohen and his colleagues have been looking for remedies to stereotype threat. In the first study described in the article, the researchers devised well-timed \"values-affirmation\" classroom assignments given to both Latino and white students as a part of the regular classroom curriculum. In one exercise, middle schoolers were given a list of values, such as \"being good at art,\" \"being religious\" and \"having a sense of humor.\" They were asked to pick the ones that were important to them and write a few sentences describing why. In a second exercise, they reflected in a more open-ended manner on things in their life that were important to them, and in a third they were guided to write a brief essay describing how the things they most consistently valued would be important to them in the coming spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students completed several structured reflection exercises in their class throughout the year. \u003c!--more-->The tasks were given at critical moments: the beginning of the school year; before tests; and near the holiday season, a period of stress for many people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The control group was guided to write about values that were important to other people, but not themselves, or about other neutral topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results were dramatic: Latino students who completed the affirmation exercises had higher grades than those in the control group. Moreover, the effects of the affirmation intervention persisted for three years. The task had no significant effect on white students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second study looked at whether affirmation interventions could lessen the persistent threat to Latino Americans' identity caused by the overt or subtle presence of racial and ethnic stereotypes and prejudices. Researchers administered values affirmation tasks and also assessed students' perceptions of daily adversity, identity threat and feelings of academic fit. They did this several times over the school year as reflected in diary entries, and again measured students' grades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">[\u003cstrong>RELATED:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/01/girls-and-math-busting-the-stereotype/\">Girls and Math: Busting the Stereotype\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surveys completed by children in the classroom indicated that Latino students who had participated in the affirmation exercises were less likely to see daily stress and adversity as threatening to their identity and sense of belonging in school. Once again, their grades were higher than those who did not participate in the affirmation assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Self-affirmation exercises provide adolescents from minority groups with a psychological time out,\" said Cohen. In an environment many minorities find hostile, such tasks provide reassurance about who they are and what's really important at a critical time in their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to why the interventions affected minorities but not white students, Cohen said, \"Latino Americans are under a more consistent and chronic sense of psychological threat in the educational setting than their white counterparts on average. They constantly face negative stereotypes about their ability to succeed, so they are the ones to benefit the most from affirmations that help them to maintain a positive self-image.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MULTIPLE BENEFITS \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such affirmations not only help students feel more confident, they allow them to reframe adversity and challenges as temporary phenomena rather than looming signs that they somehow don't belong – or, worse, that they are fulfilling negative stereotypes about their inferiority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studies also underscore that underperformance is frequently not a function of individual inadequacy, but rather systemic failure. \"A threatening environment can make smart kids less likely to show what they know, whereas a positive environment might pull out qualities that make the seemingly average student shine,\" said Cohen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen's study represents the latest advance in decades-long work on minority student achievement pioneered by a group of researchers across the country, most notably Stanford Graduate School of Education \u003ca href=\"https://ed.stanford.edu/faculty/steele\">Dean Claude Steele\u003c/a>. His book, \u003ca href=\"http://books.wwnorton.com/books/Whistling-Vivaldi/\">\u003cem>Whistling Vivaldi: And Other Clues to How Stereotypes Affect Us\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, chronicles the discovery and explanation of stereotype threat. Working in this arena for the past decade, Cohen, often in collaboration with Steele, Stanford psychology professor Greg Walton and others, has used insights from previous research to explore measures that might reduce its effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen cautioned that such interventions are not a magic bullet. \"Psychological threat might not contribute to a group's performance in some schools,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">[\u003cstrong>RELATED:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/03/can-stereotyping-girls-harm-boys-too/\">Can Stereotyping Girls Harm Boys Too?\u003c/a>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he noted that such interventions echo what great teachers already do: continually affirm children. \"Small gestures of affirmation can have lasting consequences, especially when they are woven into the student's daily experience,\" he said. Teacher training, he indicated, should ensure that teachers make them a part of their toolkit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the school level you need committed teachers, and a solid curriculum,\" Cohen said. \"When these factors are in place, when opportunities for growth are there, psychological interventions can help students change their lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study's other co-authors were from UC-Santa Barbara, Columbia University, the University of Colorado and the University of Chicago. The National Science Foundation, the Spencer Foundation and the University of California funded the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Marguerite Rigoglioso writes frequently for the \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Graduate School of Education, \u003c/a>\u003c/em>where this article originally appeared.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/27310/how-educators-can-help-close-the-achievement-gap-with-simple-tactics","authors":["180"],"categories":["mindshift_192","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_179","mindshift_825"],"featImg":"mindshift_27316","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_26396":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_26396","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"26396","score":null,"sort":[1358188743000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"girls-and-games-whats-the-attraction","title":"Girls and Games: What's the Attraction?","publishDate":1358188743,"format":"aside","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26452\" class=\"wp-caption center\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/01/girls-and-games-whats-the-attraction/72868015-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26452\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-26452\" title=\"72868015\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/01/728680151-620x413.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">Games are increasingly recognized by educators as a way to get kids excited about learning. While the stereotype of a “gamer” may evoke the image of a high school boy holed up in a dark room playing on a console, in reality 62 percent of gamers play with other people either in person or online, and 47 percent of all gamers are girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Game developers and academics who have been studying the elements that go into making games more attractive to girls found that those very same qualities are also important components of learning. For instance, girls are more drawn to games that require problem solving in context, that are collaborative (played through social media) and that produce what's perceived to be a social good. They also like games that simulate the real word and are particularly drawn to “transmedia” content that draws on characters from books, movies, or toys.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n\u003cp>“A tremendous motivator for girls to learn about math and science is that they need to see the connection from the classroom out into the real world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">“Something we’ve seen as a tremendous motivator for girls to learn about math and science is that they need to see the connection from the classroom out into the real world,” said Victoria Van Voorhis, the founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.secondavenuelearning.com/frontPage.aspx\">Second Avenue Learning\u003c/a> in a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.instantpresenter.com/WebConference/RecordingDefault.aspx?c_psrid=EA52DA89834A\">webinar\u003c/a>. Her company has received funding from the National Science Foundation to study how to reach girls through gaming with the help of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.rit.edu/\">Rochester Institute of Technology\u003c/a>. They tested a physical science game called “Martha Madison’s Marvelous Machines” with middle school girls in urban, suburban, and rural \u003c!--more-->environments to gauge whether playing the game would increase their interest in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM), whether it appealed to them and if it could improve their understanding of fundamental mechanical devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>[RELATED READING:\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/04/whats-the-secret-sauce-to-a-great-educational-game/\">What's the Secret Sauce to a Great Educational Game?\u003c/a>]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">“When we asked them about springs and levers, they had no understanding of why they were important in the real world,” Van Voorhis said. “But when we were able to situate those kinds of tools in a real-world context, where they were solving a problem that was directed towards social good, we saw the engagement numbers pop.” girls were talking about physics or game play 76 percent of the time and were only off topic 5 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest draws for girls to gaming are the passionate communities that spring up around the games. Affinity groups, or what's sometimes referred to as the meta-game, often involve users creating their own story lines, interacting with each other and sharing. \u003ca href=\"http://www.warner.rochester.edu/facultystaff/lammers/\">Jayne Lammers\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of Rochester, spent extensive time studying affinity groups of girls that play \u003ca href=\"http://www.thesims3.com/\">SIMs\u003c/a>, the game that allows users to simulate real life through the game, and watched girls go from consumers to creators in the space. They wrote stories, solicited feedback from peers, demonstrated self-awareness, and even learned elements of programming and design through their creations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we think about how girls are developing these skills outside of the classroom such as affinity spaces, I think it’s important that we think about how to bring it back into the classroom,” Lammers said. But it can be hard to convince parents and administrators that a video game is helping students learn, especially when game-producers have upended some foundational thinking about how to educate – like allowing a student to interpret and analyze a subject on their own before giving them explicit content instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Invoking their interest in the topic through play is a great way to get them to come to their reading or lectures or small group work with an explicit agenda,” Van Voorhis said. She advocates for thinking of learning as a non-linear path, where steps are taken forward, but also backwards and sideways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The critical thinking and the problem solving that students experience in games create spontaneous innovation,” Van Voorhis said. “It can be the catalyst and the spark to get a kid to that ‘ah ha moment’ that inspire a kid to get deeper into that content area.” And games allow kids to experiment, try new methods and fail without consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Voorhis constructed a different version of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom%27s_Taxonomy\">Bloom's Taxonomy\u003c/a> based on game play, in which students first explore a theme informally, and that process helps them understand written text afterwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Invoking their interest in the topic through play is a great way to get them to come to their reading or lectures or small group work with an explicit agenda,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26437\" class=\"wp-caption center\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/01/girls-and-games-whats-the-attraction/screen-shot-2013-01-14-at-10-21-43-am/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26437\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-26437\" title=\"Bloom's Taxonomy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/01/Screen-Shot-2013-01-14-at-10.21.43-AM-620x466.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"466\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A flipped version of Bloom's Taxonomy, informed by game-play.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1358274091,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":813},"headData":{"title":"Girls and Games: What's the Attraction? | KQED","description":"Games are increasingly recognized by educators as a way to get kids excited about learning. While the stereotype of a “gamer” may evoke the image of a high school boy holed up in a dark room playing on a console, in reality 62 percent of gamers play with other people either in person or online,","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Girls and Games: What's the Attraction?","datePublished":"2013-01-14T18:39:03.000Z","dateModified":"2013-01-15T18:21:31.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"26396 http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=26396","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/01/14/girls-and-games-whats-the-attraction/","disqusTitle":"Girls and Games: What's the Attraction?","path":"/mindshift/26396/girls-and-games-whats-the-attraction","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26452\" class=\"wp-caption center\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/01/girls-and-games-whats-the-attraction/72868015-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26452\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-26452\" title=\"72868015\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/01/728680151-620x413.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"413\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">Games are increasingly recognized by educators as a way to get kids excited about learning. While the stereotype of a “gamer” may evoke the image of a high school boy holed up in a dark room playing on a console, in reality 62 percent of gamers play with other people either in person or online, and 47 percent of all gamers are girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Game developers and academics who have been studying the elements that go into making games more attractive to girls found that those very same qualities are also important components of learning. For instance, girls are more drawn to games that require problem solving in context, that are collaborative (played through social media) and that produce what's perceived to be a social good. They also like games that simulate the real word and are particularly drawn to “transmedia” content that draws on characters from books, movies, or toys.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n\u003cp>“A tremendous motivator for girls to learn about math and science is that they need to see the connection from the classroom out into the real world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">“Something we’ve seen as a tremendous motivator for girls to learn about math and science is that they need to see the connection from the classroom out into the real world,” said Victoria Van Voorhis, the founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.secondavenuelearning.com/frontPage.aspx\">Second Avenue Learning\u003c/a> in a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.instantpresenter.com/WebConference/RecordingDefault.aspx?c_psrid=EA52DA89834A\">webinar\u003c/a>. Her company has received funding from the National Science Foundation to study how to reach girls through gaming with the help of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.rit.edu/\">Rochester Institute of Technology\u003c/a>. They tested a physical science game called “Martha Madison’s Marvelous Machines” with middle school girls in urban, suburban, and rural \u003c!--more-->environments to gauge whether playing the game would increase their interest in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM), whether it appealed to them and if it could improve their understanding of fundamental mechanical devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>[RELATED READING:\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/04/whats-the-secret-sauce-to-a-great-educational-game/\">What's the Secret Sauce to a Great Educational Game?\u003c/a>]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">“When we asked them about springs and levers, they had no understanding of why they were important in the real world,” Van Voorhis said. “But when we were able to situate those kinds of tools in a real-world context, where they were solving a problem that was directed towards social good, we saw the engagement numbers pop.” girls were talking about physics or game play 76 percent of the time and were only off topic 5 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest draws for girls to gaming are the passionate communities that spring up around the games. Affinity groups, or what's sometimes referred to as the meta-game, often involve users creating their own story lines, interacting with each other and sharing. \u003ca href=\"http://www.warner.rochester.edu/facultystaff/lammers/\">Jayne Lammers\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of Rochester, spent extensive time studying affinity groups of girls that play \u003ca href=\"http://www.thesims3.com/\">SIMs\u003c/a>, the game that allows users to simulate real life through the game, and watched girls go from consumers to creators in the space. They wrote stories, solicited feedback from peers, demonstrated self-awareness, and even learned elements of programming and design through their creations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we think about how girls are developing these skills outside of the classroom such as affinity spaces, I think it’s important that we think about how to bring it back into the classroom,” Lammers said. But it can be hard to convince parents and administrators that a video game is helping students learn, especially when game-producers have upended some foundational thinking about how to educate – like allowing a student to interpret and analyze a subject on their own before giving them explicit content instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Invoking their interest in the topic through play is a great way to get them to come to their reading or lectures or small group work with an explicit agenda,” Van Voorhis said. She advocates for thinking of learning as a non-linear path, where steps are taken forward, but also backwards and sideways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The critical thinking and the problem solving that students experience in games create spontaneous innovation,” Van Voorhis said. “It can be the catalyst and the spark to get a kid to that ‘ah ha moment’ that inspire a kid to get deeper into that content area.” And games allow kids to experiment, try new methods and fail without consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Voorhis constructed a different version of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom%27s_Taxonomy\">Bloom's Taxonomy\u003c/a> based on game play, in which students first explore a theme informally, and that process helps them understand written text afterwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Invoking their interest in the topic through play is a great way to get them to come to their reading or lectures or small group work with an explicit agenda,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26437\" class=\"wp-caption center\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/01/girls-and-games-whats-the-attraction/screen-shot-2013-01-14-at-10-21-43-am/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-26437\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-26437\" title=\"Bloom's Taxonomy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2013/01/Screen-Shot-2013-01-14-at-10.21.43-AM-620x466.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"466\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A flipped version of Bloom's Taxonomy, informed by game-play.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/26396/girls-and-games-whats-the-attraction","authors":["234"],"categories":["mindshift_192","mindshift_195","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_548","mindshift_47","mindshift_825"],"featImg":"mindshift_26452","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_23059":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_23059","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"23059","score":null,"sort":[1343829609000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"important-facts-to-know-about-learning-math","title":"Important Facts to Know About Learning Math","publishDate":1343829609,"format":"aside","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_23062\" class=\"module image aligncenter mceTemp mceIEcenter\" style=\"width: 500px\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23062\" title=\"2866912269_8b3b0399dd\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2866912269_8b3b0399dd.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2866912269_8b3b0399dd.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2866912269_8b3b0399dd-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2866912269_8b3b0399dd-320x240.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-media-credit\">Flickr: Benjamin Rossen\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">We've explored a variety of angles about different aspects of teaching and learning math -- everything from stereotyping girls to how to deal with math anxiety to the importance of spatial thinking. Here are some helpful articles that examine the learning processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/03/why-its-important-to-talk-math-with-kids/\">WHY IT'S IMPORTANT TO TALK MATH WITH KIDS >>\u003c/a> Many of us feel completely comfortable talking about letters, words and sentences with our children—reading to them at night, helping them decode their own books, noting messages on street signs and billboards. But speaking to them about numbers, fractions, and decimals? Not so much. And yet studies show that “number talk” at home is a key predictor of young children’s achievement in math once they \u003cimg title=\"More...\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-includes/js/tinymce/plugins/wordpress/img/trans.gif\" alt=\"\">get to school. Now a new study provides evidence that gender is part of the equation: Parents speak to their daughters about numbers far less than their sons.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/08/important-facts-to-know-about-learning-math/attachment/767541871/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23064\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-23064\" title=\"767541871\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/767541871-140x140.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/05/how-do-you-spark-a-love-of-math-in-kids/\">HOW DO YOU SPARK A LOVE OF MATH IN KIDS? >>\u003c/a> Decades of educational research demonstrate that during the years between elementary school and high school, many students disengage from math and don’t regain their interest—to the detriment of their later schooling, and even their adult careers. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361476X98909912\">study that followed 273 students\u003c/a> over the course of their first year of middle school, for example, found that by spring, the pupils described mathematics as less valuable than they had the previous fall, and reported that they were investing less effort and persistence in the subject than they had before.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/01/girls-and-math-busting-the-stereotype/\">GIRLS AND MATH: BUSTING THE STEREOTYPE MYTH >>\u003c/a> According to Claude Steele, author of \u003cem>Whistling Vivaldi and Other Clues to How Stereotypes Affect Us, \u003c/em>it’s not that girls \u003cem>aren’t\u003c/em> necessarily interested in science and math, the problem lies whether they’re discouraged from following their interests because of the persistent stereotype that girls aren’t good at that sort of thing.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/03/how-to-deal-with-kids-math-anxiety/\">HOW TO DEAL WITH KIDS' MATH ANXIETY >>\u003c/a> In children with math anxiety, seeing numbers on a page stimulates the same part of the brain that would respond if they spotted a slithering \u003c!--more-->snake or a creeping spider—math is that scary. Math anxiety is real and can’t simply be wished away. But there are specific exercises that have been shown to reduce students’ nervousness and allow them to focus on their work without the powerful distraction of fear.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/08/important-facts-to-know-about-learning-math/2070992813_214a6558bc_z-620x291/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23065\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-23065\" title=\"2070992813_214a6558bc_z-620x291\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2070992813_214a6558bc_z-620x291-140x140.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"121\" height=\"121\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/06/how-spatial-thinking-can-improve-math-and-science-skills/\">HOW THINKING IN 3D CAN IMPROVE MATH AND SCIENCE SKILLS >>\u003c/a> Growing evidence suggests that a focus on these characteristics of the material world can help children hone their spatial thinking skills—and that such skills, in turn, support achievement in subjects like science and math.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1343832126,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":466},"headData":{"title":"Important Facts to Know About Learning Math | KQED","description":"Flickr: Benjamin Rossen We've explored a variety of angles about different aspects of teaching and learning math -- everything from stereotyping girls to how to deal with math anxiety to the importance of spatial thinking. Here are some helpful articles that examine the learning processes. WHY IT'S IMPORTANT TO TALK MATH WITH KIDS >> Many","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Important Facts to Know About Learning Math","datePublished":"2012-08-01T14:00:09.000Z","dateModified":"2012-08-01T14:42:06.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"23059 http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=23059","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/08/01/important-facts-to-know-about-learning-math/","disqusTitle":"Important Facts to Know About Learning Math","path":"/mindshift/23059/important-facts-to-know-about-learning-math","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_23062\" class=\"module image aligncenter mceTemp mceIEcenter\" style=\"width: 500px\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-23062\" title=\"2866912269_8b3b0399dd\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2866912269_8b3b0399dd.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2866912269_8b3b0399dd.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2866912269_8b3b0399dd-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2866912269_8b3b0399dd-320x240.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-media-credit\">Flickr: Benjamin Rossen\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">We've explored a variety of angles about different aspects of teaching and learning math -- everything from stereotyping girls to how to deal with math anxiety to the importance of spatial thinking. Here are some helpful articles that examine the learning processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/03/why-its-important-to-talk-math-with-kids/\">WHY IT'S IMPORTANT TO TALK MATH WITH KIDS >>\u003c/a> Many of us feel completely comfortable talking about letters, words and sentences with our children—reading to them at night, helping them decode their own books, noting messages on street signs and billboards. But speaking to them about numbers, fractions, and decimals? Not so much. And yet studies show that “number talk” at home is a key predictor of young children’s achievement in math once they \u003cimg title=\"More...\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-includes/js/tinymce/plugins/wordpress/img/trans.gif\" alt=\"\">get to school. Now a new study provides evidence that gender is part of the equation: Parents speak to their daughters about numbers far less than their sons.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/08/important-facts-to-know-about-learning-math/attachment/767541871/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23064\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-23064\" title=\"767541871\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/767541871-140x140.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/05/how-do-you-spark-a-love-of-math-in-kids/\">HOW DO YOU SPARK A LOVE OF MATH IN KIDS? >>\u003c/a> Decades of educational research demonstrate that during the years between elementary school and high school, many students disengage from math and don’t regain their interest—to the detriment of their later schooling, and even their adult careers. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0361476X98909912\">study that followed 273 students\u003c/a> over the course of their first year of middle school, for example, found that by spring, the pupils described mathematics as less valuable than they had the previous fall, and reported that they were investing less effort and persistence in the subject than they had before.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/01/girls-and-math-busting-the-stereotype/\">GIRLS AND MATH: BUSTING THE STEREOTYPE MYTH >>\u003c/a> According to Claude Steele, author of \u003cem>Whistling Vivaldi and Other Clues to How Stereotypes Affect Us, \u003c/em>it’s not that girls \u003cem>aren’t\u003c/em> necessarily interested in science and math, the problem lies whether they’re discouraged from following their interests because of the persistent stereotype that girls aren’t good at that sort of thing.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/03/how-to-deal-with-kids-math-anxiety/\">HOW TO DEAL WITH KIDS' MATH ANXIETY >>\u003c/a> In children with math anxiety, seeing numbers on a page stimulates the same part of the brain that would respond if they spotted a slithering \u003c!--more-->snake or a creeping spider—math is that scary. Math anxiety is real and can’t simply be wished away. But there are specific exercises that have been shown to reduce students’ nervousness and allow them to focus on their work without the powerful distraction of fear.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/08/important-facts-to-know-about-learning-math/2070992813_214a6558bc_z-620x291/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-23065\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-23065\" title=\"2070992813_214a6558bc_z-620x291\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2070992813_214a6558bc_z-620x291-140x140.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"121\" height=\"121\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/06/how-spatial-thinking-can-improve-math-and-science-skills/\">HOW THINKING IN 3D CAN IMPROVE MATH AND SCIENCE SKILLS >>\u003c/a> Growing evidence suggests that a focus on these characteristics of the material world can help children hone their spatial thinking skills—and that such skills, in turn, support achievement in subjects like science and math.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/23059/important-facts-to-know-about-learning-math","authors":["180"],"categories":["mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_392","mindshift_825"],"featImg":"mindshift_23062","label":"mindshift"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. 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You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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