Why Kids Need to Move, Touch and Experience to Learn
10 Things in School That Should Be Obsolete
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Researchers have found that when students use their bodies while doing mathematical storytelling (like with word problems, for example), it changes the way they think about math. “We understand language in a richer, fuller way if we can connect it to the actions we perform,” said \u003ca href=\"http://psychology.uchicago.edu/people/faculty/sbeilock.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">Sian Beilock\u003c/a>, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider this word problem:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two hippos and two alligators are at the zoo. Pete the zookeeper feeds them at the same time. Pete gives each hippo seven fish. He gives four to the alligators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an experiment on third graders, students were divided into two groups. One group read through the problem twice. The other group acted out the story as they read it, physically pretending to feed fish to the hippos and alligators as they read the problem. Both groups of students were asked how many fish the zookeeper fed to the animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kids who acted out the story did better on this problem,” Beilock said. The kids who read the problem often got “eleven” as a solution. They had missed the word “each” in the problem. But because the acting kids had physically mimed giving each hippo seven fish before moving on, the difference was ingrained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was important was matching the words with specific action; that led to enhanced learning,” Beilock said. “And after they’d acted it out they could actually do it in their head and get some of the same benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>THE BODY AND THE BRAIN\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scholarly study goes back a long time in history, but in terms of human evolution, many of the academic skills now required for successful functioning in the world are fairly new to the human brain. As neuroscientists investigate how humans learn, they often find that newer skills and aptitudes are mapped onto areas of the brain that also control basic body functions. Increasingly, this work is helping to illuminate neurological connections between the human body, its environment and the process of learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to really engage our students and help them perform at their best we have to move beyond what’s happening in the head,” said Beilock at a \u003ca href=\"http://www.learningandthebrain.com/education-conferences-2015\" target=\"_blank\">Learning and the Brain conference\u003c/a>. “We have to go beyond that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"549ijoQ4m5ETxzn82rCrk9Wt79Fn7sAN\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This area of study, called \"embodied learning,\" is not new to many educators. Maria Montessori highlighted the connection between minds and bodies in her 1936 book \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Secret-Childhood-Maria-Montessori/dp/0345305833\" target=\"_blank\">The Secret of Childhood\u003c/a>: \"Movement, or physical activity, is thus an essential factor in intellectual growth, which depends upon the impressions received from outside. Through movement we come in contact with external reality, and it is through these contacts that we eventually acquire even abstract ideas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasingly scientists are proving Montessori right. Researchers are \u003ca href=\"http://hpl.uchicago.edu/sites/hpl.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/Kontra%20et%20al.%202012_Embodied%20Learning%20across%20the%20Lifespan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">studying the body movements\u003c/a> of children as young as four-to-six months old and have found earlier and more frequent movement correlates with academic learning down the road. Kids who could sit up, sustain “tummy time” longer and walk were all correlated with future academic success, even when researchers controlled for socioeconomics, family education and type of future education, among other mitigating factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A very strong predictor of academic achievement was how early kids were moving, exploring their world,” Beilock said. “When kids can explore their surroundings, all of a sudden, things change.” Once kids are on the move the adults in their lives use directives and other more complicated language forms. As kids are coached by their parents, they begin to understand the directions and change behaviors. And once a child can do something on her own, she’s more likely to internalize what’s happening with others. “There is evidence that our ability to use our hands affects the structure and functioning of the brain,” Beilock said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Encouraging kids to use their hands brings out unsaid, and often correct ideas, which then makes them more open to instruction and more likely to learn.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As young children move and explore their worlds, they are learning through touch. Early bimanual training correlates with the robustness of the corpus callosum, a part of the brain that facilitates quick communication between the left and right brain hemispheres, Beilock said. This connection between using ones hands and swift communication in the brain may be part of the reason learning to play music is often correlated with math ability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Math is a very recent cultural invention,” Beilock said. The part of the brain responsible for numerical representation also controls finger motion. Many children first learn to count on their fingers, a physical manifestation of the connection. The studies of very young learners have solidified Beilock’s conviction that academic learning is inherently connected to the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>GESTURING TO LEARN\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A colleague of Beilock’s at the University of Chicago, Susan Goldin-Meadow has done extensive research into how \u003ca href=\"http://hpl.uchicago.edu/sites/hpl.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/Actions%20Influence%20on%20Thought%20The%20Case%20of%20Gesture_PS_2010.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">student gestures can indicate a more nuanced understanding of math\u003c/a> than students are often able to articulate verbally. Goldin-Meadow did a lot of work around problems of equivalence, which children often struggle to understand. She found that often students gesture in ways that indicate they understand how to solve the problem even if they are simultaneously describing an incorrect solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s particularly helpful for teachers because it may give you insight into things students may not be able to express,” said Goldin-Meadow at the same conference. Not only could gestures be a good clue for teachers, but when students produce what Goldin-Meadow calls “mismatches,” meaning they are saying one thing and gesturing a different understanding, it indicates they are primed to learn. And, when teachers produce “mismatches” in their own speech and gestures, it helps students already in that primed state to learn by offering several strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Encouraging kids to use their hands brings out unsaid, and often correct ideas, which then makes them more open to instruction and more likely to learn,” Goldin-Meadow said. She also found that showing two ways of doing a problem with speech had very little effect on learning, but showing two methods when one was in gesture helped learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the connection between bodies and learning doesn’t stop with the younger grades. Beilock studies how well students \u003ca href=\"http://www.compadre.org/per/items/detail.cfm?ID=13074\" target=\"_blank\">comprehend abstract concepts in high school physics\u003c/a>. Many classes focus on listening to lecture, reading a textbook and doing physics problems. Beilock hypothesized that if students could feel an abstract concept like angular momentum on their bodies, they would both understand and remember it better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her colleagues used a rod with two bicycle wheels attached to test their ideas. Students spun the wheels and then tilted the rod in different directions. As they changed the angle, the force they felt changed dramatically. In her experiment, one set of students got to hold and experience the wheel. Another group just watched the first group and observed the effects they were feeling. They were all quizzed on the material a week later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those students who had more motor activation did better on the test,” Beilock said. “And those students were the ones who got the experience.” But what if one set of students was just better at physics? Researchers at DePaul University have replicated this experiment, strengthening the scientific link between hands-on experimentation and powerful learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ENVIRONMENT MATTERS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as body movement and involvement can have a huge impact on learning, so too can the spaces where we learn. While neuroscientists are starting to be able to prove this link with their experiments, this concept is nothing new. Philosophers, writers and practitioners of Eastern religions have long made the same connection between the power of nature to relax the mind and readiness to take on the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we are in nature, our directed attention has time to rest and replenish,” Beilock said. That’s important because focus is like a muscle that gets tired. One researcher asked students to take a walk through the downtown of a college town. They weren’t asked to do anything in particular, but they naturally encountered a lot of stimuli. The other group took a walk in a natural setting. The nature walkers were better able to focus when they returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visual distractions apply to the classroom as well. Carnegie Mellon \u003ca href=\"http://pss.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/05/20/0956797614533801.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">researchers recently found\u003c/a> that when students learn in highly decorated classrooms, their gazes tend to wander, they get off task and their test scores suffer. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/06/are-classroom-decorations-too-distracting-for-young-students/\" target=\"_blank\">Limiting visual stimulus\u003c/a> is particularly important for very young learners who are still learning how to focus, and yet kindergarten classrooms are often the most brightly and densely decorated in an effort to make institutional buildings feel more cheerful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>THE BODY AND ANXIETY\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to help students reduce test anxiety is to let them work it out through their bodies beforehand. Beilock did an experiment with freshmen high school students before their first final. She asked them to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6014/211.full?ijkey=ZhuhjSecPGAdM&keytype=ref&siteid=sci\" target=\"_blank\">write down concerns about the test\u003c/a> and connect to other times when they felt similar. They were told to be as open as they wanted and that their writing would be confidential. A control group of kids were told to think about what wouldn’t be on the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This activity had little effect on kids who didn’t experience much test anxiety. But \u003ca href=\"http://hpl.uchicago.edu/sites/hpl.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/Park%2C%20Ramirez%20%26%20Beilock%20%282014%29%20The%20role%20of%20expressive%20writing%20in%20math%20anxiety.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">students experiencing high levels of anxiety saw a six percentage point gain\u003c/a> on their test scores. And, when Beilock analyzed those students’ writing, she found the strategy was particularly effective for students whose writing revealed an eventual acceptance that the test was a minor hurdle, not the big scary all-consuming event they’d been worried about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can start leveraging the power of our bodies to help us learn, think and perform at our best,” Beilock said. Too often students are cooped up inside for six or more hours, sometimes without an adequate recess ,and more likely than not, with little attention paid to how their bodies could be powerful learning tools in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: An earlier version of this story misstated the publication date of \"The Secret of Childhood\" as 1966. We regret this error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Students can better understand math and physics problems by acting them out. This type of embodied learning can help open up the mind to abstract concepts.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1427557954,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":33,"wordCount":1766},"headData":{"title":"Why Kids Need to Move, Touch and Experience to Learn | KQED","description":"Students can better understand math and physics problems by acting them out. This type of embodied learning can help open up the mind to abstract concepts.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Why Kids Need to Move, Touch and Experience to Learn","datePublished":"2015-03-26T17:42:05.000Z","dateModified":"2015-03-28T15:52:34.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"39684 http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=39684","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/03/26/why-kids-need-to-move-touch-and-experience-to-learn/","disqusTitle":"Why Kids Need to Move, Touch and Experience to Learn","path":"/mindshift/39684/why-kids-need-to-move-touch-and-experience-to-learn","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">When students use their bodies in the learning process, it can have a big effect, even if it seems silly or unconnected to the learning goal at hand. Researchers have found that when students use their bodies while doing mathematical storytelling (like with word problems, for example), it changes the way they think about math. “We understand language in a richer, fuller way if we can connect it to the actions we perform,” said \u003ca href=\"http://psychology.uchicago.edu/people/faculty/sbeilock.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">Sian Beilock\u003c/a>, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider this word problem:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two hippos and two alligators are at the zoo. Pete the zookeeper feeds them at the same time. Pete gives each hippo seven fish. He gives four to the alligators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an experiment on third graders, students were divided into two groups. One group read through the problem twice. The other group acted out the story as they read it, physically pretending to feed fish to the hippos and alligators as they read the problem. Both groups of students were asked how many fish the zookeeper fed to the animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kids who acted out the story did better on this problem,” Beilock said. The kids who read the problem often got “eleven” as a solution. They had missed the word “each” in the problem. But because the acting kids had physically mimed giving each hippo seven fish before moving on, the difference was ingrained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was important was matching the words with specific action; that led to enhanced learning,” Beilock said. “And after they’d acted it out they could actually do it in their head and get some of the same benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>THE BODY AND THE BRAIN\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scholarly study goes back a long time in history, but in terms of human evolution, many of the academic skills now required for successful functioning in the world are fairly new to the human brain. As neuroscientists investigate how humans learn, they often find that newer skills and aptitudes are mapped onto areas of the brain that also control basic body functions. Increasingly, this work is helping to illuminate neurological connections between the human body, its environment and the process of learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to really engage our students and help them perform at their best we have to move beyond what’s happening in the head,” said Beilock at a \u003ca href=\"http://www.learningandthebrain.com/education-conferences-2015\" target=\"_blank\">Learning and the Brain conference\u003c/a>. “We have to go beyond that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This area of study, called \"embodied learning,\" is not new to many educators. Maria Montessori highlighted the connection between minds and bodies in her 1936 book \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Secret-Childhood-Maria-Montessori/dp/0345305833\" target=\"_blank\">The Secret of Childhood\u003c/a>: \"Movement, or physical activity, is thus an essential factor in intellectual growth, which depends upon the impressions received from outside. Through movement we come in contact with external reality, and it is through these contacts that we eventually acquire even abstract ideas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasingly scientists are proving Montessori right. Researchers are \u003ca href=\"http://hpl.uchicago.edu/sites/hpl.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/Kontra%20et%20al.%202012_Embodied%20Learning%20across%20the%20Lifespan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">studying the body movements\u003c/a> of children as young as four-to-six months old and have found earlier and more frequent movement correlates with academic learning down the road. Kids who could sit up, sustain “tummy time” longer and walk were all correlated with future academic success, even when researchers controlled for socioeconomics, family education and type of future education, among other mitigating factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A very strong predictor of academic achievement was how early kids were moving, exploring their world,” Beilock said. “When kids can explore their surroundings, all of a sudden, things change.” Once kids are on the move the adults in their lives use directives and other more complicated language forms. As kids are coached by their parents, they begin to understand the directions and change behaviors. And once a child can do something on her own, she’s more likely to internalize what’s happening with others. “There is evidence that our ability to use our hands affects the structure and functioning of the brain,” Beilock said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Encouraging kids to use their hands brings out unsaid, and often correct ideas, which then makes them more open to instruction and more likely to learn.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As young children move and explore their worlds, they are learning through touch. Early bimanual training correlates with the robustness of the corpus callosum, a part of the brain that facilitates quick communication between the left and right brain hemispheres, Beilock said. This connection between using ones hands and swift communication in the brain may be part of the reason learning to play music is often correlated with math ability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Math is a very recent cultural invention,” Beilock said. The part of the brain responsible for numerical representation also controls finger motion. Many children first learn to count on their fingers, a physical manifestation of the connection. The studies of very young learners have solidified Beilock’s conviction that academic learning is inherently connected to the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>GESTURING TO LEARN\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A colleague of Beilock’s at the University of Chicago, Susan Goldin-Meadow has done extensive research into how \u003ca href=\"http://hpl.uchicago.edu/sites/hpl.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/Actions%20Influence%20on%20Thought%20The%20Case%20of%20Gesture_PS_2010.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">student gestures can indicate a more nuanced understanding of math\u003c/a> than students are often able to articulate verbally. Goldin-Meadow did a lot of work around problems of equivalence, which children often struggle to understand. She found that often students gesture in ways that indicate they understand how to solve the problem even if they are simultaneously describing an incorrect solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s particularly helpful for teachers because it may give you insight into things students may not be able to express,” said Goldin-Meadow at the same conference. Not only could gestures be a good clue for teachers, but when students produce what Goldin-Meadow calls “mismatches,” meaning they are saying one thing and gesturing a different understanding, it indicates they are primed to learn. And, when teachers produce “mismatches” in their own speech and gestures, it helps students already in that primed state to learn by offering several strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Encouraging kids to use their hands brings out unsaid, and often correct ideas, which then makes them more open to instruction and more likely to learn,” Goldin-Meadow said. She also found that showing two ways of doing a problem with speech had very little effect on learning, but showing two methods when one was in gesture helped learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the connection between bodies and learning doesn’t stop with the younger grades. Beilock studies how well students \u003ca href=\"http://www.compadre.org/per/items/detail.cfm?ID=13074\" target=\"_blank\">comprehend abstract concepts in high school physics\u003c/a>. Many classes focus on listening to lecture, reading a textbook and doing physics problems. Beilock hypothesized that if students could feel an abstract concept like angular momentum on their bodies, they would both understand and remember it better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her colleagues used a rod with two bicycle wheels attached to test their ideas. Students spun the wheels and then tilted the rod in different directions. As they changed the angle, the force they felt changed dramatically. In her experiment, one set of students got to hold and experience the wheel. Another group just watched the first group and observed the effects they were feeling. They were all quizzed on the material a week later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those students who had more motor activation did better on the test,” Beilock said. “And those students were the ones who got the experience.” But what if one set of students was just better at physics? Researchers at DePaul University have replicated this experiment, strengthening the scientific link between hands-on experimentation and powerful learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ENVIRONMENT MATTERS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as body movement and involvement can have a huge impact on learning, so too can the spaces where we learn. While neuroscientists are starting to be able to prove this link with their experiments, this concept is nothing new. Philosophers, writers and practitioners of Eastern religions have long made the same connection between the power of nature to relax the mind and readiness to take on the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we are in nature, our directed attention has time to rest and replenish,” Beilock said. That’s important because focus is like a muscle that gets tired. One researcher asked students to take a walk through the downtown of a college town. They weren’t asked to do anything in particular, but they naturally encountered a lot of stimuli. The other group took a walk in a natural setting. The nature walkers were better able to focus when they returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visual distractions apply to the classroom as well. Carnegie Mellon \u003ca href=\"http://pss.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/05/20/0956797614533801.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">researchers recently found\u003c/a> that when students learn in highly decorated classrooms, their gazes tend to wander, they get off task and their test scores suffer. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/06/are-classroom-decorations-too-distracting-for-young-students/\" target=\"_blank\">Limiting visual stimulus\u003c/a> is particularly important for very young learners who are still learning how to focus, and yet kindergarten classrooms are often the most brightly and densely decorated in an effort to make institutional buildings feel more cheerful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>THE BODY AND ANXIETY\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to help students reduce test anxiety is to let them work it out through their bodies beforehand. Beilock did an experiment with freshmen high school students before their first final. She asked them to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/331/6014/211.full?ijkey=ZhuhjSecPGAdM&keytype=ref&siteid=sci\" target=\"_blank\">write down concerns about the test\u003c/a> and connect to other times when they felt similar. They were told to be as open as they wanted and that their writing would be confidential. A control group of kids were told to think about what wouldn’t be on the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This activity had little effect on kids who didn’t experience much test anxiety. But \u003ca href=\"http://hpl.uchicago.edu/sites/hpl.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/Park%2C%20Ramirez%20%26%20Beilock%20%282014%29%20The%20role%20of%20expressive%20writing%20in%20math%20anxiety.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">students experiencing high levels of anxiety saw a six percentage point gain\u003c/a> on their test scores. And, when Beilock analyzed those students’ writing, she found the strategy was particularly effective for students whose writing revealed an eventual acceptance that the test was a minor hurdle, not the big scary all-consuming event they’d been worried about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can start leveraging the power of our bodies to help us learn, think and perform at our best,” Beilock said. Too often students are cooped up inside for six or more hours, sometimes without an adequate recess ,and more likely than not, with little attention paid to how their bodies could be powerful learning tools in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: An earlier version of this story misstated the publication date of \"The Secret of Childhood\" as 1966. We regret this error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/39684/why-kids-need-to-move-touch-and-experience-to-learn","authors":["234"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_767","mindshift_20711","mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20520","mindshift_907"],"featImg":"mindshift_39880","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_22865":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_22865","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"22865","score":null,"sort":[1342810182000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"10-things-in-school-that-should-be-obsolete","title":"10 Things in School That Should Be Obsolete","publishDate":1342810182,"format":"aside","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_22874\" class=\"module image aligncenter mceTemp mceIEcenter\" style=\"width: 500px\">\n\u003cp class=\"wp-media-credit\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/cleopold73/2906486794/sizes/m/in/photostream/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-22874\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2906486794_80400b009e.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2906486794_80400b009e.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2906486794_80400b009e-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2906486794_80400b009e-320x214.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>Flickr: Corey Leopold\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch5>By Greg Stack\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">So much about how and where kids learn has changed over the years, but the physical structure of schools has not. Looking around most school facilities -- even those that aren't old and crumbling -- it's obvious that so much of it is obsolete today, and yet still in wide use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. COMPUTER LABS\u003c/strong>. Students are connected to the Internet everywhere except in school. Regardless of their income bracket, most kids carry around a world of information in their pockets on their mobile devices, and yet we force them to power down and disconnect, and we confine them in obsolete computer labs. A modern school needs to have connectivity everywhere and treat computers more like pencils than microscopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22877\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://schooldesignmatters.blogspot.com/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-22877\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/IMG_1567-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At Northern Beaches Christian School students learn everywhere.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. LEARNING IN PRESCRIBED PLACES. \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>When you ask people to remember a meaningful learning experience from high school, chances are the experience didn't take place in a space designed for learning. Working in groups, while on a trip, while doing a project or learning while talking with friends -- those are the lasting, meaningful learning experiences. Yet we don’t design schools to accommodate these activities and focus only on the formal spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cstrong>3. TEACHER-CENTERED CLASSROOM\u003c/strong>. Classrooms were designed for lecture and crowd control, with the teacher as the central figure of knowledge and authority. The teacher had knowledge to impart through direct instruction and the current classroom structure works pretty well for this. This basic classrooms structure is the same, though in some schools, the chalkboard has been replaced by the interactive \"Smart Board.\" In progressive classrooms, the structure has changed: small groups of kids working, project work, and student presentations require rethinking this model.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cstrong>4. ISOLATED CLASSROOMS\u003c/strong>. Tony Wagner of the Harvard School of Education and the author of the Global Achievement Gap says: “Isolation is the enemy of improvement” and yet most schools \u003c!--more-->are designed in a way that isolates teachers from each other. Teachers often learn to teach in isolated boxes and perpetuate that style throughout their career. Interior windows get “papered over” and blinds are shut. Yet out of school, people work in teams and are visually and often aurally connected. \u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cstrong>5. \u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>DEPARTMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS. \u003c/strong>In order to break down the size of schools and to allow students to learn across curriculum, it's essential to organize schools so that teachers of various subjects are located together. This not only emulates how people work today – in collaborative groups – but encourages teachers to consider students holistically, not only as they perform in a specific subject.\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22878\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-22878\" title=\"Screen Shot 2012-07-20 at 11.42.30 AM\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/Screen-Shot-2012-07-20-at-11.42.30-AM-300x198.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corridors at Machias Elementary are used for informal learning\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. SCHOOL CORRIDORS. \u003c/strong>Corridors take up a lot of valuable real estate in a school and are unoccupied most of the time. If rooms are arranged in groups around a common space, corridors are not necessary. And unused corridors can be made into informal learning spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7. TRADITIONAL SCHOOL LIBRARIES. \u003c/strong>In a modern school a library should be more of a learning commons able to support a variety of student activities as they learn to access and evaluate information. Books have their place but they are not the end-all of libraries. A learning commons is no longer the quiet sanctum of old, rather it is a space that can be central or distributed, used formally or informally, and one that can stimulate a spirit of inquiry in students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cstrong>8. DARK, INDOOR GYMS\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>. Most gyms have no access to natural light because of fear of glare that might interfere with sporting events. But with soaring energy costs, being able to turn off lights in a gym can amount to big savings. Designing glare-free gyms is possible but typically requires more natural light not less. Skylights, well placed windows and ample light create a great experience and a functional space.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22879\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/Screen-Shot-2012-07-20-at-11.43.30-AM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-22879\" title=\"Screen-Shot-2012-07-20-at-11.43.30-AM\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/Screen-Shot-2012-07-20-at-11.43.30-AM-300x198.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Learner Centered Classroom at Riverview Elementary School.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9. INSTITUTIONAL FOOD SERVICE\u003c/strong>. School food service usually involves folding tables that are placed and replaced throughout the day. With cleanup activities it takes the commons/cafeteria out of action most of the day. Why sacrifice this valuable space when it could serve multiple purposes? Creating spaces that require less movement of furniture while remaining flexible will allow them to be used more effectively. Common spaces can also be less institutional, which in turn increases their flexibility. Decentralizing food service allows students to eat in smaller groups and also allows multi-use of spaces. Even if the food isn’t better, the space can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10. LARGE RESTROOMS\u003c/strong>. Students try to avoid using school restrooms even in new schools because of concerns over privacy, bullying, and cleanliness contribute. To avoid restroom use, students stop drinking water and become dehydrated, and unable to focus. In Finland and other parts of Europe, they use individual restrooms that are located in the shared learning areas between classrooms. There seems to be a feeling of ownership for these, so they don’t get trashed. Also, they have more privacy, and there's less bullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch5>\u003cem>Greg Stack is an architect for NAC Architecture and specializes in developing best practices for the planning and design of educational environments. A version of this post originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"http://schooldesignmatters.blogspot.com/\">School Design Matters\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/h5>\n\u003ch5>\u003c/h5>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1342810464,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":909},"headData":{"title":"10 Things in School That Should Be Obsolete | KQED","description":"Flickr: Corey Leopold By Greg Stack So much about how and where kids learn has changed over the years, but the physical structure of schools has not. Looking around most school facilities -- even those that aren't old and crumbling -- it's obvious that so much of it is obsolete today, and yet still in","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"10 Things in School That Should Be Obsolete","datePublished":"2012-07-20T18:49:42.000Z","dateModified":"2012-07-20T18:54:24.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"22865 http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=22865","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/07/20/10-things-in-school-that-should-be-obsolete/","disqusTitle":"10 Things in School That Should Be Obsolete","path":"/mindshift/22865/10-things-in-school-that-should-be-obsolete","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_22874\" class=\"module image aligncenter mceTemp mceIEcenter\" style=\"width: 500px\">\n\u003cp class=\"wp-media-credit\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/cleopold73/2906486794/sizes/m/in/photostream/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-22874\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2906486794_80400b009e.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2906486794_80400b009e.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2906486794_80400b009e-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/2906486794_80400b009e-320x214.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>Flickr: Corey Leopold\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch5>By Greg Stack\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">So much about how and where kids learn has changed over the years, but the physical structure of schools has not. Looking around most school facilities -- even those that aren't old and crumbling -- it's obvious that so much of it is obsolete today, and yet still in wide use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. COMPUTER LABS\u003c/strong>. Students are connected to the Internet everywhere except in school. Regardless of their income bracket, most kids carry around a world of information in their pockets on their mobile devices, and yet we force them to power down and disconnect, and we confine them in obsolete computer labs. A modern school needs to have connectivity everywhere and treat computers more like pencils than microscopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22877\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://schooldesignmatters.blogspot.com/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-22877\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/IMG_1567-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At Northern Beaches Christian School students learn everywhere.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. LEARNING IN PRESCRIBED PLACES. \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>When you ask people to remember a meaningful learning experience from high school, chances are the experience didn't take place in a space designed for learning. Working in groups, while on a trip, while doing a project or learning while talking with friends -- those are the lasting, meaningful learning experiences. Yet we don’t design schools to accommodate these activities and focus only on the formal spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cstrong>3. TEACHER-CENTERED CLASSROOM\u003c/strong>. Classrooms were designed for lecture and crowd control, with the teacher as the central figure of knowledge and authority. The teacher had knowledge to impart through direct instruction and the current classroom structure works pretty well for this. This basic classrooms structure is the same, though in some schools, the chalkboard has been replaced by the interactive \"Smart Board.\" In progressive classrooms, the structure has changed: small groups of kids working, project work, and student presentations require rethinking this model.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cstrong>4. ISOLATED CLASSROOMS\u003c/strong>. Tony Wagner of the Harvard School of Education and the author of the Global Achievement Gap says: “Isolation is the enemy of improvement” and yet most schools \u003c!--more-->are designed in a way that isolates teachers from each other. Teachers often learn to teach in isolated boxes and perpetuate that style throughout their career. Interior windows get “papered over” and blinds are shut. Yet out of school, people work in teams and are visually and often aurally connected. \u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cstrong>5. \u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>DEPARTMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS. \u003c/strong>In order to break down the size of schools and to allow students to learn across curriculum, it's essential to organize schools so that teachers of various subjects are located together. This not only emulates how people work today – in collaborative groups – but encourages teachers to consider students holistically, not only as they perform in a specific subject.\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22878\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-22878\" title=\"Screen Shot 2012-07-20 at 11.42.30 AM\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/Screen-Shot-2012-07-20-at-11.42.30-AM-300x198.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corridors at Machias Elementary are used for informal learning\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. SCHOOL CORRIDORS. \u003c/strong>Corridors take up a lot of valuable real estate in a school and are unoccupied most of the time. If rooms are arranged in groups around a common space, corridors are not necessary. And unused corridors can be made into informal learning spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7. TRADITIONAL SCHOOL LIBRARIES. \u003c/strong>In a modern school a library should be more of a learning commons able to support a variety of student activities as they learn to access and evaluate information. Books have their place but they are not the end-all of libraries. A learning commons is no longer the quiet sanctum of old, rather it is a space that can be central or distributed, used formally or informally, and one that can stimulate a spirit of inquiry in students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cstrong>8. DARK, INDOOR GYMS\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>. Most gyms have no access to natural light because of fear of glare that might interfere with sporting events. But with soaring energy costs, being able to turn off lights in a gym can amount to big savings. Designing glare-free gyms is possible but typically requires more natural light not less. Skylights, well placed windows and ample light create a great experience and a functional space.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22879\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/Screen-Shot-2012-07-20-at-11.43.30-AM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-22879\" title=\"Screen-Shot-2012-07-20-at-11.43.30-AM\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2012/07/Screen-Shot-2012-07-20-at-11.43.30-AM-300x198.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Learner Centered Classroom at Riverview Elementary School.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9. INSTITUTIONAL FOOD SERVICE\u003c/strong>. School food service usually involves folding tables that are placed and replaced throughout the day. With cleanup activities it takes the commons/cafeteria out of action most of the day. Why sacrifice this valuable space when it could serve multiple purposes? Creating spaces that require less movement of furniture while remaining flexible will allow them to be used more effectively. Common spaces can also be less institutional, which in turn increases their flexibility. Decentralizing food service allows students to eat in smaller groups and also allows multi-use of spaces. Even if the food isn’t better, the space can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10. LARGE RESTROOMS\u003c/strong>. Students try to avoid using school restrooms even in new schools because of concerns over privacy, bullying, and cleanliness contribute. To avoid restroom use, students stop drinking water and become dehydrated, and unable to focus. In Finland and other parts of Europe, they use individual restrooms that are located in the shared learning areas between classrooms. There seems to be a feeling of ownership for these, so they don’t get trashed. Also, they have more privacy, and there's less bullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch5>\u003cem>Greg Stack is an architect for NAC Architecture and specializes in developing best practices for the planning and design of educational environments. A version of this post originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"http://schooldesignmatters.blogspot.com/\">School Design Matters\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/h5>\n\u003ch5>\u003c/h5>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/22865/10-things-in-school-that-should-be-obsolete","authors":["4354"],"categories":["mindshift_194"],"tags":["mindshift_190","mindshift_167","mindshift_187","mindshift_907"],"featImg":"mindshift_22874","label":"mindshift"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. 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