Carol Dweck Explains The 'False' Growth Mindset That Worries Her
The Difference Between Praise That Promotes Narcissism vs. Healthy Self-Esteem
The Difference Between Praise and Feedback
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Her research shows that children who have a growth mindset welcome challenges as opportunities to improve, believing that their abilities can change with focused effort. Kids with fixed mindsets, on the other hand, believe they have a finite amount of talent that can't be altered and shy away from challenges that might reveal their inabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dweck believes educators flocked to her work because many were tired of drilling kids for high-stakes tests and recognized that student motivation and love for learning was being lost in the process. But Dweck is worried that as her research became more popular, many people \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/11/16/growth-mindset-clearing-up-some-common-confusions/\" target=\"_blank\">oversimplified its message\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/12/how-praise-became-a-consolation-prize/510845/\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">The Atlantic\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, Dweck explained to reporter Christine Gross-Loh all the ways she sees growth mindset being misappropriated. She says often teachers and parents aren't willing to take the longer, more difficult path of helping students identify strategies and connect success to those strategies. Instead, her complicated psychological research has gotten boiled down to, \"praise the effort, not the outcome.\" Dweck also explained what she means by a \"false\" growth mindset:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>False growth mindset is saying you have growth mindset when you don't really have it or you don’t really understand [what it is]. It’s also false in the sense that nobody has a growth mindset in everything all the time. Everyone is a mixture of fixed and growth mindsets. You could have a predominant growth mindset in an area but there can still be things that trigger you into a fixed mindset trait. Something really challenging and outside your comfort zone can trigger it, or, if you encounter someone who is much better than you at something you pride yourself on, you can think “Oh, that person has ability, not me.” So I think we all, students and adults, have to look for our fixed-mindset triggers and understand when we are falling into that mindset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think a lot of what happened [with false growth mindset among educators] is that instead of taking this long and difficult journey, where you work on understanding your triggers, working with them, and over time being able to stay in a growth mindset more and more, many educators just said, “Oh yeah, I have a growth mindset” because either they know it’s the right mindset to have or they understood it in a way that made it seem easy.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The interview is full of tips for parents and educators, including the differences between young children and older ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/12/how-praise-became-a-consolation-prize/510845/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The woman behind growth mindset wants to set the record straight on what her research is really asking parents and educators to do.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1481934591,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":8,"wordCount":466},"headData":{"title":"Carol Dweck Explains The 'False' Growth Mindset That Worries Her | KQED","description":"The woman behind growth mindset wants to set the record straight on what her research is really asking parents and educators to do.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"47160 http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=47160","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/12/16/carol-dweck-explains-the-false-growth-mindset-that-worries-her/","disqusTitle":"Carol Dweck Explains The 'False' Growth Mindset That Worries Her","path":"/mindshift/47160/carol-dweck-explains-the-false-growth-mindset-that-worries-her","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Carol Dweck has become the closest thing to an education celebrity because of her work on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/tag/growth-mindset/\" target=\"_blank\">growth mindset\u003c/a>. Her research shows that children who have a growth mindset welcome challenges as opportunities to improve, believing that their abilities can change with focused effort. Kids with fixed mindsets, on the other hand, believe they have a finite amount of talent that can't be altered and shy away from challenges that might reveal their inabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dweck believes educators flocked to her work because many were tired of drilling kids for high-stakes tests and recognized that student motivation and love for learning was being lost in the process. But Dweck is worried that as her research became more popular, many people \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/11/16/growth-mindset-clearing-up-some-common-confusions/\" target=\"_blank\">oversimplified its message\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/12/how-praise-became-a-consolation-prize/510845/\">\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">The Atlantic\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, Dweck explained to reporter Christine Gross-Loh all the ways she sees growth mindset being misappropriated. She says often teachers and parents aren't willing to take the longer, more difficult path of helping students identify strategies and connect success to those strategies. Instead, her complicated psychological research has gotten boiled down to, \"praise the effort, not the outcome.\" Dweck also explained what she means by a \"false\" growth mindset:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>False growth mindset is saying you have growth mindset when you don't really have it or you don’t really understand [what it is]. It’s also false in the sense that nobody has a growth mindset in everything all the time. Everyone is a mixture of fixed and growth mindsets. You could have a predominant growth mindset in an area but there can still be things that trigger you into a fixed mindset trait. Something really challenging and outside your comfort zone can trigger it, or, if you encounter someone who is much better than you at something you pride yourself on, you can think “Oh, that person has ability, not me.” So I think we all, students and adults, have to look for our fixed-mindset triggers and understand when we are falling into that mindset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think a lot of what happened [with false growth mindset among educators] is that instead of taking this long and difficult journey, where you work on understanding your triggers, working with them, and over time being able to stay in a growth mindset more and more, many educators just said, “Oh yeah, I have a growth mindset” because either they know it’s the right mindset to have or they understood it in a way that made it seem easy.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The interview is full of tips for parents and educators, including the differences between young children and older ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/12/how-praise-became-a-consolation-prize/510845/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/47160/carol-dweck-explains-the-false-growth-mindset-that-worries-her","authors":["4354"],"categories":["mindshift_20827"],"tags":["mindshift_796","mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20512","mindshift_20660","mindshift_20872"],"featImg":"mindshift_47164","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_39629":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_39629","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"39629","score":null,"sort":[1425991000000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-difference-between-praise-that-promotes-narcissism-vs-healthy-self-esteem","title":"The Difference Between Praise That Promotes Narcissism vs. Healthy Self-Esteem","publishDate":1425991000,"format":"aside","headTitle":"MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39639\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/03/the-difference-between-praise-that-promotes-narcissism-vs-healthy-self-esteem/swan-hans-pama/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39639\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2015/03/Swan-Hans-Pama.jpg\" alt=\"Hans Pama/Flickr\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39639\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/hanspama/4018316043\">Hans Pama/Flickr\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Poncie Rutsch, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/03/09/391874530/do-parents-nurture-narcissists-by-pouring-on-the-praise\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a kid does something amazing, you want to tell her so. You might tell her that she's very smart. You might tell her that she's a very special kid. Or you might say that she must have worked really hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the surface, they all sound like the same compliments. But according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.comm.ohio-state.edu/people/faculty/userprofile/67.html\">Brad Bushman\u003c/a>, a communications and psychology professor at Ohio State University, the first two increase the child's chances of becoming a narcissist. Only the last one raises the child's self-esteem and keeps her ego in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bushman and a group of collaborators surveyed parents to see how they show warmth and value their child's accomplishments. They then compared those findings to the children's levels of self-esteem and narcissism. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/03/05/1420870112.abstract\">results\u003c/a> were published Monday in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/\">\u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, self-esteem and narcissism are two very different things. The difference has to do with how you value yourself compared to other people. \"Self-esteem basically means you're a person of worth equal with other people,\" Bushman tells Shots. \"Narcissism means you think you're better than other people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And not in a good way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Narcissism is a somewhat toxic personality trait,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychology.sdsu.edu/people/jean-twenge/\">Jean Twenge\u003c/a>, author of \u003ca href=\"http://www.narcissismepidemic.com/\">\u003cem>The Narcissism Epidemic\u003c/em>\u003c/a> and psychology professor at San Diego State University, tells Shots. Narcissists tend to overestimate their abilities, take too many risks and mess up their relationships, she says. Some people see narcissists hurting the people and society around them, but they hurt themselves, too. \"In the long term it tends to lead to failure,\" Twenge says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"rbjAu54Llm9Kf3FGEzVgdzKCF9dKWX6e\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While narcissists tend to have high self-esteem, not all people with high self-esteem are narcissists. Bushman needed to separate the two. So he asked children ages 7 to 12 years old how they felt about statements like \"Some kids like the kind of person they are,\" or \"Kids like me deserve something extra.\" The first statement measures self-esteem; the second, narcissism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bushman made sure to focus on children between 7 and 12 years old, so that by the time the study finished all of them would be older than 8. \"You can't measure narcissism in children before age 8, because every child is a narcissist,\" he says. If you ask younger kids in a classroom if they are good at math or good at baseball, Bushman says all the kids will raise their hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then he surveyed the children's parents, asking them to respond to statements to determine whether they overvalued their children. For example, \"I would not be surprised to learn that my child has extraordinary talents and abilities,\" or \"Without my child, his/her class would be much less fun.\" And he asked how they expressed warmth toward their child by measuring how strongly they agreed with statements like \"I let my child know I love him/her.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he analyzed the results from the surveys, Bushman found that the more narcissistic children had parents who consistently overvalued their accomplishments. He ran additional tests to make sure that the parents weren't narcissists, too — after all, it's possible that the children could be mirroring narcissistic behavior. But statistically, the children of narcissists aren't more likely to be narcissists themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research team continued to survey the same group of 565 children and their parents for a year and a half. They watched the children develop, and they could link each child's tendency toward self-esteem or narcissism back to what the parents had told them six months earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're not just measuring their narcissism at time one; we're using these measures to predict the behavior a year and a half later,\" says Bushman. \"Parental warmth doesn't predict it. Parental narcissism alone doesn't predict it. But parental overvaluation alone does predict it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bushman is particularly worried about narcissism because both he and other researchers have linked it to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9686460\">aggressive and violent behavior\u003c/a>. He thinks it's partly because narcissists are less likely to feel empathy toward others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Empathy involves putting yourselves in other people's shoes, but narcissists have a very difficult time putting themselves in other people's shoes,\" Bushman says. Plus, he says that narcissists respond poorly when they don't get special treatment. \"Whenever people have this sense of superiority, then they lash out at others in an aggressive way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, someone who appears more narcissistic at age 10 isn't necessarily going to grow up to be a narcissistic adult, let alone aggressive. And the results of this study hinge on a handful of short surveys — no extensive personality testing here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are definitely going to be things that influence the personality after that stage,\" says Twenge. \"Those [narcissistic] tendencies may start to show up around then, but will continue to be influenced by parenting and environment throughout adolescence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this study has Bushman thinking about the way he praises his own children. \"It's a lot better to say 'You worked really hard' than 'You must be really smart,' \" he says, \"because if you tell the kid that they're smart and then if they fail they think 'Oh I'm stupid.' \" If the praise relates to effort, a child who fails will work harder next time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bushman is also trying to cultivate self-esteem in his children, because people with high self-esteem tend to have \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22730921\">lower levels of anxiety\u003c/a> and depression over time. Based on Bushman's research, parents can raise their children's self-esteem just by expressing more warmth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both researchers agree that voicing the connection you feel to your children really helps. \"If you want to look for a substitute for 'You're special,' just say 'I love you,' \" says Twenge. \"It's what you mean, and it's a much better message.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Do+Parents+Nurture+Narcissists+By+Pouring+On+The+Praise%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Telling your kids that they're superfabulous encourages narcissistic thinking, researchers say. And that doesn't bode well for their future happiness. Better to recognize effort and express warmth.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1427322585,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":1003},"headData":{"title":"The Difference Between Praise That Promotes Narcissism vs. Healthy Self-Esteem | KQED","description":"Telling your kids that they're superfabulous encourages narcissistic thinking, researchers say. And that doesn't bode well for their future happiness. Better to recognize effort and express warmth.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"39629 http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=39629","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/03/10/the-difference-between-praise-that-promotes-narcissism-vs-healthy-self-esteem/","disqusTitle":"The Difference Between Praise That Promotes Narcissism vs. Healthy Self-Esteem","nprByline":"Poncie Rutsch","nprStoryId":"391874530","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=391874530&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/03/09/391874530/do-parents-nurture-narcissists-by-pouring-on-the-praise?ft=nprml&f=391874530","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 09 Mar 2015 18:12:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 09 Mar 2015 15:41:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 09 Mar 2015 18:12:33 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/03/20150309_atc_do_parents_nurture_narcissists_by_pouring_on_the_praise.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&e=391874530&d=265&ft=nprml&f=391874530","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1391915193-1bf0bc.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&e=391874530&d=265&ft=nprml&f=391874530","path":"/mindshift/39629/the-difference-between-praise-that-promotes-narcissism-vs-healthy-self-esteem","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2015/03/20150309_atc_do_parents_nurture_narcissists_by_pouring_on_the_praise.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&e=391874530&d=265&ft=nprml&f=391874530","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39639\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/03/the-difference-between-praise-that-promotes-narcissism-vs-healthy-self-esteem/swan-hans-pama/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39639\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2015/03/Swan-Hans-Pama.jpg\" alt=\"Hans Pama/Flickr\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39639\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/hanspama/4018316043\">Hans Pama/Flickr\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Poncie Rutsch, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/03/09/391874530/do-parents-nurture-narcissists-by-pouring-on-the-praise\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a kid does something amazing, you want to tell her so. You might tell her that she's very smart. You might tell her that she's a very special kid. Or you might say that she must have worked really hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the surface, they all sound like the same compliments. But according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.comm.ohio-state.edu/people/faculty/userprofile/67.html\">Brad Bushman\u003c/a>, a communications and psychology professor at Ohio State University, the first two increase the child's chances of becoming a narcissist. Only the last one raises the child's self-esteem and keeps her ego in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bushman and a group of collaborators surveyed parents to see how they show warmth and value their child's accomplishments. They then compared those findings to the children's levels of self-esteem and narcissism. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/03/05/1420870112.abstract\">results\u003c/a> were published Monday in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/\">\u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, self-esteem and narcissism are two very different things. The difference has to do with how you value yourself compared to other people. \"Self-esteem basically means you're a person of worth equal with other people,\" Bushman tells Shots. \"Narcissism means you think you're better than other people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And not in a good way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Narcissism is a somewhat toxic personality trait,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychology.sdsu.edu/people/jean-twenge/\">Jean Twenge\u003c/a>, author of \u003ca href=\"http://www.narcissismepidemic.com/\">\u003cem>The Narcissism Epidemic\u003c/em>\u003c/a> and psychology professor at San Diego State University, tells Shots. Narcissists tend to overestimate their abilities, take too many risks and mess up their relationships, she says. Some people see narcissists hurting the people and society around them, but they hurt themselves, too. \"In the long term it tends to lead to failure,\" Twenge says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While narcissists tend to have high self-esteem, not all people with high self-esteem are narcissists. Bushman needed to separate the two. So he asked children ages 7 to 12 years old how they felt about statements like \"Some kids like the kind of person they are,\" or \"Kids like me deserve something extra.\" The first statement measures self-esteem; the second, narcissism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bushman made sure to focus on children between 7 and 12 years old, so that by the time the study finished all of them would be older than 8. \"You can't measure narcissism in children before age 8, because every child is a narcissist,\" he says. If you ask younger kids in a classroom if they are good at math or good at baseball, Bushman says all the kids will raise their hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then he surveyed the children's parents, asking them to respond to statements to determine whether they overvalued their children. For example, \"I would not be surprised to learn that my child has extraordinary talents and abilities,\" or \"Without my child, his/her class would be much less fun.\" And he asked how they expressed warmth toward their child by measuring how strongly they agreed with statements like \"I let my child know I love him/her.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he analyzed the results from the surveys, Bushman found that the more narcissistic children had parents who consistently overvalued their accomplishments. He ran additional tests to make sure that the parents weren't narcissists, too — after all, it's possible that the children could be mirroring narcissistic behavior. But statistically, the children of narcissists aren't more likely to be narcissists themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research team continued to survey the same group of 565 children and their parents for a year and a half. They watched the children develop, and they could link each child's tendency toward self-esteem or narcissism back to what the parents had told them six months earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're not just measuring their narcissism at time one; we're using these measures to predict the behavior a year and a half later,\" says Bushman. \"Parental warmth doesn't predict it. Parental narcissism alone doesn't predict it. But parental overvaluation alone does predict it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bushman is particularly worried about narcissism because both he and other researchers have linked it to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9686460\">aggressive and violent behavior\u003c/a>. He thinks it's partly because narcissists are less likely to feel empathy toward others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Empathy involves putting yourselves in other people's shoes, but narcissists have a very difficult time putting themselves in other people's shoes,\" Bushman says. Plus, he says that narcissists respond poorly when they don't get special treatment. \"Whenever people have this sense of superiority, then they lash out at others in an aggressive way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, someone who appears more narcissistic at age 10 isn't necessarily going to grow up to be a narcissistic adult, let alone aggressive. And the results of this study hinge on a handful of short surveys — no extensive personality testing here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are definitely going to be things that influence the personality after that stage,\" says Twenge. \"Those [narcissistic] tendencies may start to show up around then, but will continue to be influenced by parenting and environment throughout adolescence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this study has Bushman thinking about the way he praises his own children. \"It's a lot better to say 'You worked really hard' than 'You must be really smart,' \" he says, \"because if you tell the kid that they're smart and then if they fail they think 'Oh I'm stupid.' \" If the praise relates to effort, a child who fails will work harder next time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bushman is also trying to cultivate self-esteem in his children, because people with high self-esteem tend to have \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22730921\">lower levels of anxiety\u003c/a> and depression over time. Based on Bushman's research, parents can raise their children's self-esteem just by expressing more warmth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both researchers agree that voicing the connection you feel to your children really helps. \"If you want to look for a substitute for 'You're special,' just say 'I love you,' \" says Twenge. \"It's what you mean, and it's a much better message.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Do+Parents+Nurture+Narcissists+By+Pouring+On+The+Praise%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/39629/the-difference-between-praise-that-promotes-narcissism-vs-healthy-self-esteem","authors":["byline_mindshift_39629"],"categories":["mindshift_192","mindshift_20827"],"tags":["mindshift_20784","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20512","mindshift_20772","mindshift_20660"],"featImg":"mindshift_39639","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_34778":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_34778","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"34778","score":null,"sort":[1396015209000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"the-difference-between-praise-and-feedback","title":"The Difference Between Praise and Feedback","publishDate":1396015209,"format":"aside","headTitle":"GROWTH MINDSET | MindShift | KQED News","labelTerm":{"term":20659,"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34784\" class=\"wp-caption center\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-34784\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2014/03/4294686346_fa10e0e9c7_z-e1395880426923.jpg\" alt=\"4294686346_fa10e0e9c7_z\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2014/03/4294686346_fa10e0e9c7_z-e1395880426923.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2014/03/4294686346_fa10e0e9c7_z-e1395880426923-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2014/03/4294686346_fa10e0e9c7_z-e1395880426923-320x180.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Anya Kamenetz\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">Parenting these days is patrolled by the language police. Sometimes it seems like the worst thing you could ever say to a kid is “Good job!” or the dreaded, “Good girl!” \u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/news/features/27840/\" target=\"_blank\">Widely popularized psychological research\u003c/a> warns about the “inverse power of praise” and the importance of “\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Unconditional-Parenting-Moving-Rewards-Punishments/dp/0743487486\" target=\"_blank\">unconditional parenting\u003c/a>.” The incorrectly phrased, indiscriminately doled out pat on the back can, we learn, undermine a child’s inner motivation to learn and achieve, promote a “fixed mindset” that will cause her to shrink from taking on any kind of challenge or effort, and maybe even destroy her sense of self worth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The anxiety is such that parenting blogs circulate actual \u003ca href=\"http://growingleaders.com/blog/what-parents-should-say-as-their-kids-perform/\" target=\"_blank\">word-for-word scripts\u003c/a> for parents to use in such difficult situations as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.handsfreemama.com/2012/04/16/six-words-you-should-say-today/\" target=\"_blank\">sidelines of a swim meet\u003c/a>, or after a music recital. There are l\u003ca href=\"http://www.parenting.com/article/things-you-shouldnt-say-to-your-child\" target=\"_blank\">ong lists of forbidden words and phrases\u003c/a>, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are these researchers really getting at? Are the particular words we use to talk to our kids so important? And how do we convey positive feelings without negative consequences?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Process Praise\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Some of the most prominent psychologists behind all of this talk about talking are Stanford University’s Carol Dweck, author of the book \u003ca href=\"http://mindsetonline.com/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Mindset\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, and Edward Deci and Richard Ryan at the University of Rochester, whose research the education author Alfie Kohn relies heavily on in his books including \u003cem>Unconditional Parenting\u003c/em>. Both Dweck and Deci are theorists of human motivation, but they emphasize very different perspectives on praise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dweck’s studies have focused on the effects of “process praise,” which means praising effort or strategy: “You must have worked very hard on this painting!” This is opposed to “person praise,” which labels people with phrases like, “You are really good at painting!” “You must be a genius!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that reinforcing effort contributes to children’s beliefs that they can get better at things if they try, the vaunted “growth mindset.” But praising traits feeds the belief that talent is fixed, which makes kids \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2011/11/can-everyone-be-smart-at-everything/\" target=\"_blank\">less willing to take on new challenges\u003c/a> that might expose them as less naturally able.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of Dweck’s research has focused on process praise given by strange adults interacting with children in a research study environment. But in a recent study, her team coded videotapes of parents praising their one to three-year-old children. They found that the greater use of process praise with these very young children predicted their later desire to take on new challenges, which in turn influenced these children’s math achievement seven years later, in fourth grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kids are thrilled by the idea that they can grow their brains through their effort and strategy,” Dweck says. “Praising strategy and focus and improvement gives them actionable information and a reason to try hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Praise and Personhood\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Simple, right? Not so fast. Writers such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/post/criticizing-common-criticisms-of-praise/2012/02/03/gIQAPQjzmQ_blog.html\" target=\"_blank\">Kohn\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/post/criticizing-common-criticisms-of-praise/2012/02/03/gIQAPQjzmQ_blog.html\" target=\"_blank\"> have condemned all praise\u003c/a>, including Dweck’s “process praise,” as little more than “\u003ca href=\"http://www.amblesideschools.com/sites/default/files/Five%20Reasons%20to%20Stop%20Saying%20%20Good%20Job!.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sugarcoated control\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that parental praise is manipulative, intrusive, and undermines both children’s intrinsic enjoyment of what they’re doing and their own internal sense of whether they are, in fact, doing a good job or trying hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kohn \u003ca href=\"http://www.selfdeterminationtheory.org/\" target=\"_blank\">cites\u003c/a> Deci and Richard Ryan, and their colleagues including Guy Roth and Avi Assor at the University of the Negev in Israel. All of them have found in a series of studies that when parents express any kind of “\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140197111001278\" target=\"_blank\">conditional regard\u003c/a>,” it harms young people’s developing autonomy, causing them to feel pressured to achieve, to feel shame if they don’t, and to \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00256.x/abstract;jsessionid=3996DC7D60E4327CCD583CE5CB9FEB05.f01t04?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false\" target=\"_blank\">suppress negative emotions and experiences\u003c/a>. Conditional regard includes \u003ca href=\"http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/dev/45/4/1119/\" target=\"_blank\">positive reinforcement\u003c/a>, the practice of offering praise in exchange for desired behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you tell your kids, ‘You’re a good boy for taking out the trash,’” they may feel that if they don’t take out the trash, they’re not worthy of your love,” says Deci. “You need to express that you love them and approve of them no matter what they do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verbal rewards are a pretty central weapon in the parenting arsenal, especially when it comes to academic achievement. Deci and his colleagues found that offering your warmth and approval in exchange for academic achievement does work, in the sense that it causes young people to be more invested in trying to do well in school. But it’s a devil’s bargain that backfires emotionally in the form of “maladaptive self feelings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The controversial recent book \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/The-Triple-Package-Unlikely-Cultural/dp/1594205469\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>The Triple Package\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, coauthored by “tiger mom” Amy Chua, purported to explain why certain ethnic groups tend to outperform others in education, occupational status and earnings. Two of the three traits the authors describe are a superiority complex accompanied by insecurity—a pretty good description of what researchers say can be the outcome of too much conditional parental positive regard.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Praise vs. Feedback\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Parents are not perfectly controlled Siri-like bots but human beings with positive and negative emotions that are going to arise in response to specific actions by children. So is there any way to channel and communicate your sincere feelings to your kids without doing lasting harm? Surprisingly, despite their differing views on praise, Dweck and Deci tend to agree on the right course of action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I ask Dweck about the “sugarcoated control” idea, she says, “I basically agree that we overpraise.” Her intention in talking about process praise is to redirect this impulse more constructively. Instead of mindlessly kvelling over every fingerpainting or math test -- or even just telling kids to “try hard!” -- her recommendation is to get more involved with what a kid is doing. “Appreciate it. Ask questions. If we see that a child is using interesting strategies we can ask about them. Talk to them about their thought processes, how they can learn from mistakes.” Encourage your child to actively seek both positive and negative feedback in order to grow and improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deci says something similar. In addition to assuring children of your continuous love and regard, “You want to understand what your child is thinking and feeling, to be respectful toward them. Asking questions is a far better idea than giving praise”—or criticism for that matter. The idea is to support the development of a child’s autonomy by taking his perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re on the sidelines at a soccer game, it’s easy to pull out some pre-scripted phrase like “I love to watch you play!” or “You’re a natural!” It’s harder to watch your kid so you can tell her, “When you made that pass in the second quarter, I could see that you’ve been practicing your footwork a lot,” or to take the time to ask, “What was your favorite part of the game?” and really listen to the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Providing helpful, detailed, encouraging feedback and appreciation requires paying attention to what kids are doing, and listening to what they are saying. This takes time and energy. Dweck says what she sees all too often are time-pressured parents who reach for a quick sugar fix instead. “We are a praise-addicted culture. I don’t think parents are going to stop praising.”\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Parenting these days is patrolled by the language police. Sometimes it seems like the worst thing you could ever say to a kid is “Good job!” or the dreaded, “Good girl!” Widely popularized psychological research warns about the “inverse power of praise” and the importance of “unconditional parenting.” What are these researchers really getting at? Are the particular words we use to talk to our kids so important? And how do we convey positive feelings without negative consequences?","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1395962183,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":1286},"headData":{"title":"The Difference Between Praise and Feedback | KQED","description":"Parenting these days is patrolled by the language police. Sometimes it seems like the worst thing you could ever say to a kid is “Good job!” or the dreaded, “Good girl!” Widely popularized psychological research warns about the “inverse power of praise” and the importance of “unconditional parenting.” What are these researchers really getting at? Are the particular words we use to talk to our kids so important? And how do we convey positive feelings without negative consequences?","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"34778 http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/?p=34778","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/03/28/the-difference-between-praise-and-feedback/","disqusTitle":"The Difference Between Praise and Feedback","path":"/mindshift/34778/the-difference-between-praise-and-feedback","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34784\" class=\"wp-caption center\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-34784\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2014/03/4294686346_fa10e0e9c7_z-e1395880426923.jpg\" alt=\"4294686346_fa10e0e9c7_z\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2014/03/4294686346_fa10e0e9c7_z-e1395880426923.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2014/03/4294686346_fa10e0e9c7_z-e1395880426923-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2014/03/4294686346_fa10e0e9c7_z-e1395880426923-320x180.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"> \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Anya Kamenetz\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"dropcap-serif\">Parenting these days is patrolled by the language police. Sometimes it seems like the worst thing you could ever say to a kid is “Good job!” or the dreaded, “Good girl!” \u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/news/features/27840/\" target=\"_blank\">Widely popularized psychological research\u003c/a> warns about the “inverse power of praise” and the importance of “\u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Unconditional-Parenting-Moving-Rewards-Punishments/dp/0743487486\" target=\"_blank\">unconditional parenting\u003c/a>.” The incorrectly phrased, indiscriminately doled out pat on the back can, we learn, undermine a child’s inner motivation to learn and achieve, promote a “fixed mindset” that will cause her to shrink from taking on any kind of challenge or effort, and maybe even destroy her sense of self worth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The anxiety is such that parenting blogs circulate actual \u003ca href=\"http://growingleaders.com/blog/what-parents-should-say-as-their-kids-perform/\" target=\"_blank\">word-for-word scripts\u003c/a> for parents to use in such difficult situations as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.handsfreemama.com/2012/04/16/six-words-you-should-say-today/\" target=\"_blank\">sidelines of a swim meet\u003c/a>, or after a music recital. There are l\u003ca href=\"http://www.parenting.com/article/things-you-shouldnt-say-to-your-child\" target=\"_blank\">ong lists of forbidden words and phrases\u003c/a>, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are these researchers really getting at? Are the particular words we use to talk to our kids so important? And how do we convey positive feelings without negative consequences?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Process Praise\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Some of the most prominent psychologists behind all of this talk about talking are Stanford University’s Carol Dweck, author of the book \u003ca href=\"http://mindsetonline.com/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Mindset\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, and Edward Deci and Richard Ryan at the University of Rochester, whose research the education author Alfie Kohn relies heavily on in his books including \u003cem>Unconditional Parenting\u003c/em>. Both Dweck and Deci are theorists of human motivation, but they emphasize very different perspectives on praise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dweck’s studies have focused on the effects of “process praise,” which means praising effort or strategy: “You must have worked very hard on this painting!” This is opposed to “person praise,” which labels people with phrases like, “You are really good at painting!” “You must be a genius!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that reinforcing effort contributes to children’s beliefs that they can get better at things if they try, the vaunted “growth mindset.” But praising traits feeds the belief that talent is fixed, which makes kids \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2011/11/can-everyone-be-smart-at-everything/\" target=\"_blank\">less willing to take on new challenges\u003c/a> that might expose them as less naturally able.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of Dweck’s research has focused on process praise given by strange adults interacting with children in a research study environment. But in a recent study, her team coded videotapes of parents praising their one to three-year-old children. They found that the greater use of process praise with these very young children predicted their later desire to take on new challenges, which in turn influenced these children’s math achievement seven years later, in fourth grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kids are thrilled by the idea that they can grow their brains through their effort and strategy,” Dweck says. “Praising strategy and focus and improvement gives them actionable information and a reason to try hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Praise and Personhood\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Simple, right? Not so fast. Writers such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/post/criticizing-common-criticisms-of-praise/2012/02/03/gIQAPQjzmQ_blog.html\" target=\"_blank\">Kohn\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/post/criticizing-common-criticisms-of-praise/2012/02/03/gIQAPQjzmQ_blog.html\" target=\"_blank\"> have condemned all praise\u003c/a>, including Dweck’s “process praise,” as little more than “\u003ca href=\"http://www.amblesideschools.com/sites/default/files/Five%20Reasons%20to%20Stop%20Saying%20%20Good%20Job!.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sugarcoated control\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that parental praise is manipulative, intrusive, and undermines both children’s intrinsic enjoyment of what they’re doing and their own internal sense of whether they are, in fact, doing a good job or trying hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kohn \u003ca href=\"http://www.selfdeterminationtheory.org/\" target=\"_blank\">cites\u003c/a> Deci and Richard Ryan, and their colleagues including Guy Roth and Avi Assor at the University of the Negev in Israel. All of them have found in a series of studies that when parents express any kind of “\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140197111001278\" target=\"_blank\">conditional regard\u003c/a>,” it harms young people’s developing autonomy, causing them to feel pressured to achieve, to feel shame if they don’t, and to \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00256.x/abstract;jsessionid=3996DC7D60E4327CCD583CE5CB9FEB05.f01t04?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false\" target=\"_blank\">suppress negative emotions and experiences\u003c/a>. Conditional regard includes \u003ca href=\"http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/dev/45/4/1119/\" target=\"_blank\">positive reinforcement\u003c/a>, the practice of offering praise in exchange for desired behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you tell your kids, ‘You’re a good boy for taking out the trash,’” they may feel that if they don’t take out the trash, they’re not worthy of your love,” says Deci. “You need to express that you love them and approve of them no matter what they do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verbal rewards are a pretty central weapon in the parenting arsenal, especially when it comes to academic achievement. Deci and his colleagues found that offering your warmth and approval in exchange for academic achievement does work, in the sense that it causes young people to be more invested in trying to do well in school. But it’s a devil’s bargain that backfires emotionally in the form of “maladaptive self feelings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The controversial recent book \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/The-Triple-Package-Unlikely-Cultural/dp/1594205469\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>The Triple Package\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, coauthored by “tiger mom” Amy Chua, purported to explain why certain ethnic groups tend to outperform others in education, occupational status and earnings. Two of the three traits the authors describe are a superiority complex accompanied by insecurity—a pretty good description of what researchers say can be the outcome of too much conditional parental positive regard.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Praise vs. Feedback\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Parents are not perfectly controlled Siri-like bots but human beings with positive and negative emotions that are going to arise in response to specific actions by children. So is there any way to channel and communicate your sincere feelings to your kids without doing lasting harm? Surprisingly, despite their differing views on praise, Dweck and Deci tend to agree on the right course of action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I ask Dweck about the “sugarcoated control” idea, she says, “I basically agree that we overpraise.” Her intention in talking about process praise is to redirect this impulse more constructively. Instead of mindlessly kvelling over every fingerpainting or math test -- or even just telling kids to “try hard!” -- her recommendation is to get more involved with what a kid is doing. “Appreciate it. Ask questions. If we see that a child is using interesting strategies we can ask about them. Talk to them about their thought processes, how they can learn from mistakes.” Encourage your child to actively seek both positive and negative feedback in order to grow and improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deci says something similar. In addition to assuring children of your continuous love and regard, “You want to understand what your child is thinking and feeling, to be respectful toward them. Asking questions is a far better idea than giving praise”—or criticism for that matter. The idea is to support the development of a child’s autonomy by taking his perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re on the sidelines at a soccer game, it’s easy to pull out some pre-scripted phrase like “I love to watch you play!” or “You’re a natural!” It’s harder to watch your kid so you can tell her, “When you made that pass in the second quarter, I could see that you’ve been practicing your footwork a lot,” or to take the time to ask, “What was your favorite part of the game?” and really listen to the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Providing helpful, detailed, encouraging feedback and appreciation requires paying attention to what kids are doing, and listening to what they are saying. This takes time and energy. Dweck says what she sees all too often are time-pressured parents who reach for a quick sugar fix instead. “We are a praise-addicted culture. I don’t think parents are going to stop praising.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/34778/the-difference-between-praise-and-feedback","authors":["4354"],"series":["mindshift_20659"],"categories":["mindshift_192"],"tags":["mindshift_796","mindshift_1040","mindshift_20512","mindshift_20660"],"label":"mindshift_20659"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ATC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0018_AmericanSuburb_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. 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If students believe the brain is a muscle that must be exercised, they’re more likely to interpret setbacks as opportunities to learn and improve. Conversely, students with a fixed mindset believe their ability is limited and show less motivation to take on new challenges.\r\n\r\nFostering a growth mindset has become increasingly central to many school cultures, especially for female students. Girls are more likely to believe that their ability is fixed, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/01/girls-and-math-busting-the-stereotype/\">especially in math\u003c/a>. Helping them to develop a growth mindset can give girls the \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/04/giving-good-praise-to-girls-what-messages-stick/\">motivation to persevere in areas of study they find challenging\u003c/a> because they understand through hard work they can improve and succeed.\r\n\r\nThe notion of \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/11/struggle-means-learning-difference-in-eastern-and-western-cultures/\">struggle as it pertains to learning\u003c/a> is also a big component of the growth mindset idea: in many cultures, the point of struggle is when learning happens, and studies have shown that students have \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/02/bigger-gains-for-students-who-dont-have-help-solving-problems-struggle-to-learn/\">bigger gains in learning and understanding\u003c/a> if they’re left to figure it out on their own without teachers’ help.\r\n\r\nTake a look at the posts below, which include ideas for fostering growth mindsets, an \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/02/how-to-foster-grit-tenacity-and-perseverance-an-educators-guide/\">educators guide to fostering perseverance\u003c/a> and a discussion of why \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/11/beyond-talent-and-smarts-why-even-geniuses-struggle/\">even geniuses struggle\u003c/a>.\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>DIG INTO GROWTH MINDSET\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\n1. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/03/whats-your-learning-disposition-how-to-foster-students-mindsets/\">What’s Your Learning Disposition? How to Foster Students’ Mindsets\u003c/a>\r\n\r\n2. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/11/beyond-talent-and-smarts-why-even-geniuses-struggle/\">Beyond Talent And Smarts: Why Even Geniuses Struggle\u003c/a>\r\n\r\n3. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/11/struggle-means-learning-difference-in-eastern-and-western-cultures/\">Struggle Means Learning: Difference in Eastern and Western Cultures\u003c/a>\r\n\r\n4. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/03/the-science-of-character-developing-positive-learning-traits/\">The Science of Character: Developing Positive Learning Traits\u003c/a>\r\n\r\n5. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/04/giving-good-praise-to-girls-what-messages-stick/\">Giving Good Praise to Girls: What Messages Stick\u003c/a>\r\n\r\n6. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2012/11/beyond-talent-and-smarts-why-even-geniuses-struggle/\">Beyond Talent and Smarts: Why Even Geniuses Struggle\u003c/a>\r\n\r\n7. \u003ca>Girls and Math: Busting the Stereotype\u003c/a>\r\n\r\n8. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/06/eight-ways-of-looking-at-intelligence/\">Eight Ways of Looking at Intelligence\u003c/a>\r\n\r\n9. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2011/11/can-everyone-be-smart-at-everything/\">Can Everyone Be Smart At Everything?\u003c/a>","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Growth Mindset: A New Way to Think About Learning | KQED","description":"Learn from Carol Dweck, the world-renowned psychologist who coined the term \"growth mindset,\" about how to help your child develop a love of learning and a belief that they can succeed.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":19936,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/series/growth-academic-mindset-carol-dweck"}},"userAgentReducer":{"userAgent":"claudebot","isBot":true},"userPermissionsReducer":{"wpLoggedIn":false},"localStorageReducer":{},"browserHistoryReducer":[],"eventsReducer":{},"fssReducer":{},"tvDailyScheduleReducer":{},"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer":{},"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer":{},"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer":{},"userAccountReducer":{"routeTo":"","showDeleteConfirmModal":false,"user":{"userId":"","isFound":false,"firstName":"","lastName":"","phoneNumber":"","email":"","articles":[]}},"youthMediaReducer":{},"checkPleaseReducer":{"filterData":{},"restaurantData":[]},"location":{"pathname":"/mindshift/tag/praise/","previousPathname":"/"}}
