window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={"attachmentsReducer":{"audio_0":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_0","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"}}},"audio_1":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_1","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"}}},"audio_2":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_2","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"}}},"audio_3":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_3","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"}}},"audio_4":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_4","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"}}},"placeholder":{"type":"attachments","id":"placeholder","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-160x96.jpg","width":160,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-800x478.jpg","width":800,"height":478,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1020x610.jpg","width":1020,"height":610,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-960x574.jpg","width":960,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-240x143.jpg","width":240,"height":143,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-375x224.jpg","width":375,"height":224,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-520x311.jpg","width":520,"height":311,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-e1514998105161.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148}}},"mindshift_63417":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_63417","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"63417","found":true},"title":"Redwood City - Playground 3_MBF","publishDate":1711422836,"status":"inherit","parent":63406,"modified":1711423426,"caption":"Magical Bridge Playground at Red Morton Park in Redwood City, Calif. opened in 2021.","credit":"Magical Bridge Foundation","altTag":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Playground-3_MBF-800x533.jpeg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Playground-3_MBF-1020x680.jpeg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Playground-3_MBF-160x107.jpeg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Playground-3_MBF-768x512.jpeg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Playground-3_MBF-1536x1024.jpeg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Playground-3_MBF-2048x1365.jpeg","width":2048,"height":1365,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Playground-3_MBF-672x372.jpeg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Playground-3_MBF-1038x576.jpeg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Playground-3_MBF-1920x1280.jpeg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Playground-3_MBF-scaled.jpeg","width":2560,"height":1707}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_63415":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_63415","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"63415","found":true},"title":"Palo Alto Carosuel Wheelchairs_MBF","publishDate":1711422823,"status":"inherit","parent":63406,"modified":1711425386,"caption":"Magical Bridge Playground at Mitchell Park in Palo Alto, California opened in 2015.","credit":"Magical Bridge Foundation","altTag":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF-800x600.jpeg","width":800,"height":600,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF-1020x765.jpeg","width":1020,"height":765,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF-160x120.jpeg","width":160,"height":120,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF-768x576.jpeg","width":768,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF-672x372.jpeg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF-1038x576.jpeg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF.jpeg","width":1280,"height":960}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_63402":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_63402","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"63402","found":true},"title":"Woman expressing strong various feelings and emotions","publishDate":1711060098,"status":"inherit","parent":63399,"modified":1711060114,"caption":null,"credit":"SurfUpVector/iStock","altTag":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/iStock-1217540156-800x500.jpg","width":800,"height":500,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/iStock-1217540156-1020x638.jpg","width":1020,"height":638,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/iStock-1217540156-160x100.jpg","width":160,"height":100,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/iStock-1217540156-768x480.jpg","width":768,"height":480,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/iStock-1217540156-1536x960.jpg","width":1536,"height":960,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/iStock-1217540156-2048x1280.jpg","width":2048,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/iStock-1217540156-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/iStock-1217540156-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/iStock-1217540156-1920x1200.jpg","width":1920,"height":1200,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/iStock-1217540156.jpg","width":2190,"height":1369}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_63331":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_63331","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"63331","found":true},"title":null,"publishDate":1710131422,"status":"inherit","parent":63329,"modified":1710163356,"caption":"PragerU CEO Marissa Streit speaks at a news conference with Arizona state Sen. Jake Hoffman, State Superintendent of Schools Tom Horne and Scottsdale Unified School District Board Member Carine Werner at the Arizona State Capitol.","credit":"PragerU/Screenshot by NPR","altTag":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru-streit_custom-1c38364ce0327ac35079c5c360c636f450ef06af-800x430.jpg","width":800,"height":430,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru-streit_custom-1c38364ce0327ac35079c5c360c636f450ef06af-1020x548.jpg","width":1020,"height":548,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru-streit_custom-1c38364ce0327ac35079c5c360c636f450ef06af-160x86.jpg","width":160,"height":86,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru-streit_custom-1c38364ce0327ac35079c5c360c636f450ef06af-768x413.jpg","width":768,"height":413,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru-streit_custom-1c38364ce0327ac35079c5c360c636f450ef06af-1536x825.jpg","width":1536,"height":825,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru-streit_custom-1c38364ce0327ac35079c5c360c636f450ef06af-2048x1100.jpg","width":2048,"height":1100,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru-streit_custom-1c38364ce0327ac35079c5c360c636f450ef06af-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru-streit_custom-1c38364ce0327ac35079c5c360c636f450ef06af-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru-streit_custom-1c38364ce0327ac35079c5c360c636f450ef06af-1920x1031.jpg","width":1920,"height":1031,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru-streit_custom-1c38364ce0327ac35079c5c360c636f450ef06af-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1375}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_63261":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_63261","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"63261","found":true},"title":null,"publishDate":1709250297,"status":"inherit","parent":63260,"modified":1709250657,"caption":"Kenneth Mayfield was in the Black Student Union at the University of Mississippi in 1970. Members of the group were jailed after protesting token integration on the Ole Miss campus. Mayfield, now an attorney in Tupelo, Miss., was also one of eight students expelled.","credit":"Timothy Ivy for NPR","altTag":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-20_custom-c83cff75884f8a1acf4f0f012df3c439dade9110-800x534.jpg","width":800,"height":534,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-20_custom-c83cff75884f8a1acf4f0f012df3c439dade9110-1020x681.jpg","width":1020,"height":681,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-20_custom-c83cff75884f8a1acf4f0f012df3c439dade9110-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-20_custom-c83cff75884f8a1acf4f0f012df3c439dade9110-768x513.jpg","width":768,"height":513,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-20_custom-c83cff75884f8a1acf4f0f012df3c439dade9110-1536x1026.jpg","width":1536,"height":1026,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-20_custom-c83cff75884f8a1acf4f0f012df3c439dade9110-2048x1367.jpg","width":2048,"height":1367,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-20_custom-c83cff75884f8a1acf4f0f012df3c439dade9110-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-20_custom-c83cff75884f8a1acf4f0f012df3c439dade9110-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-20_custom-c83cff75884f8a1acf4f0f012df3c439dade9110-1920x1282.jpg","width":1920,"height":1282,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-20_custom-c83cff75884f8a1acf4f0f012df3c439dade9110-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1709}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_63252":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_63252","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"63252","found":true},"title":null,"publishDate":1708959534,"status":"inherit","parent":63250,"modified":1708959638,"caption":null,"credit":"tomertu/iStock","altTag":"teacher desk surface with chalkboard in background. On the desk are a cup with colored pencils in it, a school bus figurine, a rainbow sculpture with a small graduation cap on it, an apple and a small, red alarm clock.","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1331755055-800x528.jpg","width":800,"height":528,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1331755055-1020x673.jpg","width":1020,"height":673,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1331755055-160x106.jpg","width":160,"height":106,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1331755055-768x507.jpg","width":768,"height":507,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1331755055-1536x1014.jpg","width":1536,"height":1014,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1331755055-2048x1352.jpg","width":2048,"height":1352,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1331755055-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1331755055-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1331755055-1920x1268.jpg","width":1920,"height":1268,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1331755055-scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1690}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_63105":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_63105","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"63105","found":true},"title":"Paper people on the blue paper background","publishDate":1707242780,"status":"inherit","parent":63086,"modified":1707242863,"caption":null,"credit":"5second/ iStock","altTag":"Paper people on the blue paper background","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/diverse-family-structure-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/diverse-family-structure-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/diverse-family-structure-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/diverse-family-structure-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/diverse-family-structure-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/diverse-family-structure-2048x1365.jpg","width":2048,"height":1365,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/diverse-family-structure-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/diverse-family-structure-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/diverse-family-structure-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/diverse-family-structure-e1707242806881.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_63114":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_63114","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"63114","found":true},"title":"Multiracial young people communicating and exchanging news.","publishDate":1707339784,"status":"inherit","parent":63106,"modified":1707339879,"caption":null,"credit":"MariaGisina/iStock","altTag":"Illustration: Multiracial young people with speech bubbles above. Some speech bubbles contain punctuation.","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1257234810-800x560.jpg","width":800,"height":560,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1257234810-1020x714.jpg","width":1020,"height":714,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1257234810-160x112.jpg","width":160,"height":112,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1257234810-768x538.jpg","width":768,"height":538,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1257234810-1536x1075.jpg","width":1536,"height":1075,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1257234810-2048x1434.jpg","width":2048,"height":1434,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1257234810-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1257234810-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1257234810-1920x1344.jpg","width":1920,"height":1344,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/iStock-1257234810.jpg","width":2070,"height":1449}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_63036":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_63036","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"63036","found":true},"title":null,"publishDate":1706551231,"status":"inherit","parent":63035,"modified":1706551524,"caption":null,"credit":"Becky Harlan/NPR","altTag":"A close-up of a shelf of books, shown from the side of the pages.","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/book-pages-lined-up-1-credit-becky-harlan-npr_custom-695113afbb848e7e5407942b314b98ac94783781-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/book-pages-lined-up-1-credit-becky-harlan-npr_custom-695113afbb848e7e5407942b314b98ac94783781-1020x679.jpg","width":1020,"height":679,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/book-pages-lined-up-1-credit-becky-harlan-npr_custom-695113afbb848e7e5407942b314b98ac94783781-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/book-pages-lined-up-1-credit-becky-harlan-npr_custom-695113afbb848e7e5407942b314b98ac94783781-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/book-pages-lined-up-1-credit-becky-harlan-npr_custom-695113afbb848e7e5407942b314b98ac94783781-1536x1023.jpg","width":1536,"height":1023,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/book-pages-lined-up-1-credit-becky-harlan-npr_custom-695113afbb848e7e5407942b314b98ac94783781-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/book-pages-lined-up-1-credit-becky-harlan-npr_custom-695113afbb848e7e5407942b314b98ac94783781-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/book-pages-lined-up-1-credit-becky-harlan-npr_custom-695113afbb848e7e5407942b314b98ac94783781-1920x1279.jpg","width":1920,"height":1279,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/book-pages-lined-up-1-credit-becky-harlan-npr_custom-695113afbb848e7e5407942b314b98ac94783781.jpg","width":2048,"height":1364}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"mindshift_62967":{"type":"attachments","id":"mindshift_62967","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"mindshift","id":"62967","found":true},"title":"hands holding red heart, health insurance, donation concept","publishDate":1704910790,"status":"inherit","parent":62965,"modified":1704910843,"caption":null,"credit":"iStock/SewcreamStudio","altTag":"3 pairs of hands hold a red smooth stone heart. Beige background","description":null,"imgSizes":{"medium":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/iStock-1124598435-800x533.jpg","width":800,"height":533,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/iStock-1124598435-1020x680.jpg","width":1020,"height":680,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/iStock-1124598435-160x107.jpg","width":160,"height":107,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium_large":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/iStock-1124598435-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/iStock-1124598435-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/iStock-1124598435-2048x1365.jpg","width":2048,"height":1365,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/iStock-1124598435-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/iStock-1124598435-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/iStock-1124598435-1920x1280.jpg","width":1920,"height":1280,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/01/iStock-1124598435.jpg","width":2121,"height":1414}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_mindshift_63399":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_63399","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_63399","name":"Allison Aubrey","isLoading":false},"byline_mindshift_63329":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_63329","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_63329","name":"Lisa Hagen","isLoading":false},"byline_mindshift_63266":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_63266","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_63266","name":" Debbie Elliott","isLoading":false},"byline_mindshift_63250":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_63250","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_63250","name":"Erica Meltzer and Kalyn Belsha, Chalkbeat","isLoading":false},"byline_mindshift_63035":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_mindshift_63035","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_mindshift_63035","name":"Neda Ulaby","isLoading":false},"mindshift":{"type":"authors","id":"4354","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"4354","found":true},"name":"MindShift","firstName":"MindShift","lastName":null,"slug":"mindshift","email":"tina@barseghian.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":null,"avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae7f1f73a229130205aa5f57b55eaf16?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"mindshift","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"MindShift | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae7f1f73a229130205aa5f57b55eaf16?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ae7f1f73a229130205aa5f57b55eaf16?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mindshift"},"mjacksonretondo":{"type":"authors","id":"11759","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11759","found":true},"name":"Marlena Jackson-Retondo","firstName":"Marlena","lastName":"Jackson-Retondo","slug":"mjacksonretondo","email":"mjacksonretondo@kqed.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"Engagement Producer","bio":"Marlena Jackson-Retondo is the engagement producer for KQED's \u003cem>Forum \u003c/em>and \u003cem>Mindshift\u003c/em>. Prior to joining the team in 2022, Marlena was an intern with the KQED Digital News Engagement team. She grew up in the Bay Area.\u003cem> \u003c/em>","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/94ab429312e9a676559e31d1894130df?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["author"]},{"site":"news","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"forum","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Marlena Jackson-Retondo | KQED","description":"Engagement Producer","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/94ab429312e9a676559e31d1894130df?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/94ab429312e9a676559e31d1894130df?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/mjacksonretondo"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"home","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"mindshift_63406":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_63406","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"63406","score":null,"sort":[1711425005000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"what-do-truly-accessible-and-inclusive-playgrounds-look-like","title":"What Do Truly Accessible and Inclusive Playgrounds Look Like?","publishDate":1711425005,"format":"standard","headTitle":"What Do Truly Accessible and Inclusive Playgrounds Look Like? | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Natalie Mackay toured her son’s elementary school, she asked how he might be included on the playground. The school suggested that her son, who used a wheelchair, could lay down a blanket on a graveled area to play. This kind of “solution,” in which children with disabilities are left to watch other children play in schools, tells all students that excluding some peers is OK, said Mackay. As a mom, she wanted to see her son and all children have exciting opportunities for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60251/want-resilient-and-well-adjusted-kids-let-them-play\">play\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63184/when-parents-know-these-4-phases-of-friendship-they-can-help-their-child-make-friends-more-easily\">socialization\u003c/a>. So she founded \u003ca href=\"https://unlimitedplay.org/\">Unlimited Play\u003c/a>, a nonprofit dedicated to accessible and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61143/playground\">inclusive playground design\u003c/a>. Inclusive playgrounds “were the vehicle that I thought would allow kids to get to know my son,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Playgrounds are a child’s “first outdoor classroom,” and where “they learn they belong to the community,” said Olenka Villarreal, CEO and founder of \u003ca href=\"https://www.magicalbridge.org/\">Magical Bridge Foundation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit dedicated to universal, community and inclusive design. Playgrounds set the foundation for belonging and social inclusion for kids and adults of all abilities. But according to both Mackay and Villareal, accessibility standards for playgrounds laid out by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) alone don’t encompass the specificities and expansiveness needed to create true inclusion on the playground. Mackay and Villarreal have made it their mission to redefine what it means for a playground to be truly accessible and inclusive of the full spectrum of ability and disability in the communities that the playgrounds serve. To them, playgrounds that are inclusive to all types of play can help to create a sense of belonging for everyone.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63412\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-63412\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/LT_2018_MO_JakesFieldOfDreams_198-UnlimitedPlay-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/LT_2018_MO_JakesFieldOfDreams_198-UnlimitedPlay-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/LT_2018_MO_JakesFieldOfDreams_198-UnlimitedPlay-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/LT_2018_MO_JakesFieldOfDreams_198-UnlimitedPlay-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/LT_2018_MO_JakesFieldOfDreams_198-UnlimitedPlay-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/LT_2018_MO_JakesFieldOfDreams_198-UnlimitedPlay-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/LT_2018_MO_JakesFieldOfDreams_198-UnlimitedPlay-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/LT_2018_MO_JakesFieldOfDreams_198-UnlimitedPlay-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unlimited Play’s Jake’s Field of Dreams Playground in Wentzville, Missouri opened in 2018. \u003ccite>(Unlimited Play)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What does full accessibility look like?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For Villarreal, Magical Bridge Foundation was born organically to meet her own family’s needs. “I had one daughter with disabilities and one without, and I was looking for a place to take them both,” she said. Villarreal also acknowledged that abilities may change over time. “I want to be included in the body I live in today and the one I’m going to live in in 30 years,” she said. “When our spaces aren’t welcoming to us in whatever way we show up, it really creates divisions among everyone.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Mackay, accessibility on playgrounds means removing barriers to play. She said that one of the first suggestions from parents that influenced her understanding of inclusion was to include fencing around play spaces for the safety of children who might \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kennedykrieger.org/patient-care/conditions/elopement\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">elope\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Inclusivity on the playground doesn’t begin and end with ramp access to the lower level of a structure or accessible pathways to a gated entrance. There are many more abilities to consider, like vision and hearing loss, sensory needs, and mobility and physical support needs. Social inclusion is also a big part of accessibility on a playground, said Mackay.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To make playgrounds accessible and inclusive for children and adults with visual impairments, Unlimited Play has used high contrasting colors in their designs. Mackay also emphasized the importance of situating public playgrounds in an area that has visual and auditory landmarks and direct access to public transportation. Villarreal said that it is important for “typically” developing children to play in these inclusive spaces because it exposes them to many different types of people and abilities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63415\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-63415\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Magical Bridge Playground at Mitchell Park in Palo Alto, California opened in 2015. \u003ccite>(Magical Bridge Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When it comes to safety on accessible playgrounds, Mackay suggested taking into consideration children who have difficulty with balance. For these children, inclusivity might take the form of tunnel slides instead of open ones, or choosing well thought out handholds throughout a structure.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Making sure that playgrounds are accessible and inclusive to parents and caregivers who have disabilities is also important. Children might miss out on opportunities to play if a playground or play space is not accessible to a parent with disabilities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63416\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-63416\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Laser-Harp-Wheelchair-Kids_MBF-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Laser-Harp-Wheelchair-Kids_MBF-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Laser-Harp-Wheelchair-Kids_MBF-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Laser-Harp-Wheelchair-Kids_MBF-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Laser-Harp-Wheelchair-Kids_MBF-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Laser-Harp-Wheelchair-Kids_MBF-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Laser-Harp-Wheelchair-Kids_MBF-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Laser-Harp-Wheelchair-Kids_MBF-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Magical Bridge Playground at Red Morton Park in Redwood City, California opened in 2021. \u003ccite>(Magical Bridge Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At school playgrounds, most common structures like stairs, slides and swings aren’t designed with inclusion in mind, according to Villarreal. Regardless of ability, there need to be more movement options on playgrounds, she said. This could mean diversifying movement options to include more swinging and spinning elements, which can \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://extension.psu.edu/programs/betterkidcare/news/spinning-rolling-and-swinging-oh-my#:~:text=These%20important%20movement%20experiences%20help,and%20swing%20indoors%20and%20outdoors.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">help children develop and stimulate their nervous systems\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Villarreal also stressed the importance of removing the stigma around what may or may not be seen as age appropriate in a playground because developmental age is not always linked to physical age. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Funding barriers and low-cost solutions\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Funding is one of the biggest hurdles for schools to create accessible playgrounds. For example, Mackay pointed to a recent school project that her organization designed that included three separate accessible and inclusive playgrounds for a total cost of about $900,000, paid for through a school bond. Each individual playground ranged in price from $150,000 to $450,000. Often, when schools have come up with funding to pay for more accessible playgrounds, it doesn’t cover the cost of a full design and installation, said Mackay. Often it means picking pieces that will contribute to more accessibility and inclusivity to an existing space, said Mackay. In Palo Alto, where The Magical Bridge Foundation is based, the Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors has \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://d5.santaclaracounty.gov/press-releases/county-funds-more-all-inclusive-playgrounds#:~:text=Recognizing%20the%20high%20demand%20and,inclusive%20playgrounds%20throughout%20the%20County.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">offered grants\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to public agencies and nonprofits seeking to build inclusive playgrounds.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63411\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-63411\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/El-Carmelo-School-Slide-Swing_MBF-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/El-Carmelo-School-Slide-Swing_MBF-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/El-Carmelo-School-Slide-Swing_MBF-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/El-Carmelo-School-Slide-Swing_MBF-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/El-Carmelo-School-Slide-Swing_MBF-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/El-Carmelo-School-Slide-Swing_MBF-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/El-Carmelo-School-Slide-Swing_MBF-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/El-Carmelo-School-Slide-Swing_MBF-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Magical Bridge Playground at El Carmelo Elementary School in Palo Alto, California opened in 2023. \u003ccite>(Magical Bridge Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When looking for low-barrier and low-cost solutions to an otherwise inaccessible playground, Mackay recommended creating more \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62349/why-schoolyards-are-a-critical-space-for-teaching-about-and-fighting-extreme-heat-and-climate-change\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">shaded spaces\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, “even if it’s a tree with a bench.” And “if it’s a bench, put a space where somebody in a wheelchair can be there,” she said. According to Mackay, vertical panels with open ended activities like spinning pieces or a steering wheel cost around $1,200 each and can provide an interactive and socially inviting play space for all children. She suggested placing panel pieces in creative ways around the playground to provide more opportunities for different types of play and movement. Adding an adaptive swing with a high back and harness, designed for children with a variety of disabilities, also contributes to a more inclusive environment on the playground.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The playground at school is one of the places where students can learn about inclusive practices, even when a total playground overhaul isn’t in the current plans. If educators “teach [students] about inclusion in their classroom and then take them out to the playground and let them experience what that looks like,” then students might have a better understanding of how they might be able to be more inclusive in their own play, said Mackay. Unlimited Play offers partnerships with educators and schools to develop classroom curriculum to encourage inclusive play, including lesson plans on social awareness and effective communication. The Magical Bridge Foundation also offers learning materials for \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.magicalbridge.org/students\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">students\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.magicalbridge.org/parents\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">parents\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.magicalbridge.org/educators\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">educators\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> online.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63414\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-63414\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Sway-Boat_MBF-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Sway-Boat_MBF-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Sway-Boat_MBF-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Sway-Boat_MBF-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Sway-Boat_MBF-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Sway-Boat_MBF-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Sway-Boat_MBF-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Sway-Boat_MBF-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Magical Bridge Playground at Mitchell Park in Palo Alto, California opened in 2015. \u003ccite>(Magical Bridge Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Connecting with community partners about providing services can help a project along, said Mackay, who is most often contacted by families looking for inclusive solutions to playgrounds in their areas. She works with those families to establish community connections who might want to be involved in the process of creating an inclusive playground. Some of Mackay’s most successful partnerships have been with other nonprofits that serve children with disabilities. The Magical Bridge Foundation also trains volunteers or \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.magicalbridge.org/kindness-ambassadors\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kindness Ambassadors\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, who then offer read-aloud sessions, musical performances and art education at their playgrounds. These volunteers and employees also have varying abilities and disabilities, so that children can experience the diversity that already exists in their community.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63413\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-63413\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-800x442.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-800x442.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-1020x564.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-160x88.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-768x425.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-1536x849.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-2048x1132.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-672x372.jpeg 672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-1920x1062.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Magical Bridge Playground at Claudelands Park in Hamilton, New Zealand opened in 2023. \u003ccite>(Magical Bridge Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Playgrounds set the foundation for belonging and social inclusion for kids and adults of all abilities.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1711426216,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":1368},"headData":{"title":"What Do Truly Accessible and Inclusive Playgrounds Look Like? | KQED","description":"Playgrounds set the foundation for belonging and social inclusion for kids and adults of all abilities.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"mindshift_63415","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"mindshift_63415","socialDescription":"Playgrounds set the foundation for belonging and social inclusion for kids and adults of all abilities."},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/63406/what-do-truly-accessible-and-inclusive-playgrounds-look-like","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Natalie Mackay toured her son’s elementary school, she asked how he might be included on the playground. The school suggested that her son, who used a wheelchair, could lay down a blanket on a graveled area to play. This kind of “solution,” in which children with disabilities are left to watch other children play in schools, tells all students that excluding some peers is OK, said Mackay. As a mom, she wanted to see her son and all children have exciting opportunities for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60251/want-resilient-and-well-adjusted-kids-let-them-play\">play\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/63184/when-parents-know-these-4-phases-of-friendship-they-can-help-their-child-make-friends-more-easily\">socialization\u003c/a>. So she founded \u003ca href=\"https://unlimitedplay.org/\">Unlimited Play\u003c/a>, a nonprofit dedicated to accessible and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61143/playground\">inclusive playground design\u003c/a>. Inclusive playgrounds “were the vehicle that I thought would allow kids to get to know my son,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Playgrounds are a child’s “first outdoor classroom,” and where “they learn they belong to the community,” said Olenka Villarreal, CEO and founder of \u003ca href=\"https://www.magicalbridge.org/\">Magical Bridge Foundation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit dedicated to universal, community and inclusive design. Playgrounds set the foundation for belonging and social inclusion for kids and adults of all abilities. But according to both Mackay and Villareal, accessibility standards for playgrounds laid out by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) alone don’t encompass the specificities and expansiveness needed to create true inclusion on the playground. Mackay and Villarreal have made it their mission to redefine what it means for a playground to be truly accessible and inclusive of the full spectrum of ability and disability in the communities that the playgrounds serve. To them, playgrounds that are inclusive to all types of play can help to create a sense of belonging for everyone.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63412\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-63412\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/LT_2018_MO_JakesFieldOfDreams_198-UnlimitedPlay-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/LT_2018_MO_JakesFieldOfDreams_198-UnlimitedPlay-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/LT_2018_MO_JakesFieldOfDreams_198-UnlimitedPlay-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/LT_2018_MO_JakesFieldOfDreams_198-UnlimitedPlay-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/LT_2018_MO_JakesFieldOfDreams_198-UnlimitedPlay-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/LT_2018_MO_JakesFieldOfDreams_198-UnlimitedPlay-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/LT_2018_MO_JakesFieldOfDreams_198-UnlimitedPlay-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/LT_2018_MO_JakesFieldOfDreams_198-UnlimitedPlay-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unlimited Play’s Jake’s Field of Dreams Playground in Wentzville, Missouri opened in 2018. \u003ccite>(Unlimited Play)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What does full accessibility look like?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For Villarreal, Magical Bridge Foundation was born organically to meet her own family’s needs. “I had one daughter with disabilities and one without, and I was looking for a place to take them both,” she said. Villarreal also acknowledged that abilities may change over time. “I want to be included in the body I live in today and the one I’m going to live in in 30 years,” she said. “When our spaces aren’t welcoming to us in whatever way we show up, it really creates divisions among everyone.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Mackay, accessibility on playgrounds means removing barriers to play. She said that one of the first suggestions from parents that influenced her understanding of inclusion was to include fencing around play spaces for the safety of children who might \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kennedykrieger.org/patient-care/conditions/elopement\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">elope\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Inclusivity on the playground doesn’t begin and end with ramp access to the lower level of a structure or accessible pathways to a gated entrance. There are many more abilities to consider, like vision and hearing loss, sensory needs, and mobility and physical support needs. Social inclusion is also a big part of accessibility on a playground, said Mackay.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To make playgrounds accessible and inclusive for children and adults with visual impairments, Unlimited Play has used high contrasting colors in their designs. Mackay also emphasized the importance of situating public playgrounds in an area that has visual and auditory landmarks and direct access to public transportation. Villarreal said that it is important for “typically” developing children to play in these inclusive spaces because it exposes them to many different types of people and abilities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63415\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-63415\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Carosuel-Wheelchairs_MBF.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Magical Bridge Playground at Mitchell Park in Palo Alto, California opened in 2015. \u003ccite>(Magical Bridge Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When it comes to safety on accessible playgrounds, Mackay suggested taking into consideration children who have difficulty with balance. For these children, inclusivity might take the form of tunnel slides instead of open ones, or choosing well thought out handholds throughout a structure.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Making sure that playgrounds are accessible and inclusive to parents and caregivers who have disabilities is also important. Children might miss out on opportunities to play if a playground or play space is not accessible to a parent with disabilities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63416\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-63416\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Laser-Harp-Wheelchair-Kids_MBF-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Laser-Harp-Wheelchair-Kids_MBF-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Laser-Harp-Wheelchair-Kids_MBF-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Laser-Harp-Wheelchair-Kids_MBF-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Laser-Harp-Wheelchair-Kids_MBF-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Laser-Harp-Wheelchair-Kids_MBF-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Laser-Harp-Wheelchair-Kids_MBF-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Redwood-City-Laser-Harp-Wheelchair-Kids_MBF-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Magical Bridge Playground at Red Morton Park in Redwood City, California opened in 2021. \u003ccite>(Magical Bridge Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At school playgrounds, most common structures like stairs, slides and swings aren’t designed with inclusion in mind, according to Villarreal. Regardless of ability, there need to be more movement options on playgrounds, she said. This could mean diversifying movement options to include more swinging and spinning elements, which can \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://extension.psu.edu/programs/betterkidcare/news/spinning-rolling-and-swinging-oh-my#:~:text=These%20important%20movement%20experiences%20help,and%20swing%20indoors%20and%20outdoors.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">help children develop and stimulate their nervous systems\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Villarreal also stressed the importance of removing the stigma around what may or may not be seen as age appropriate in a playground because developmental age is not always linked to physical age. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Funding barriers and low-cost solutions\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Funding is one of the biggest hurdles for schools to create accessible playgrounds. For example, Mackay pointed to a recent school project that her organization designed that included three separate accessible and inclusive playgrounds for a total cost of about $900,000, paid for through a school bond. Each individual playground ranged in price from $150,000 to $450,000. Often, when schools have come up with funding to pay for more accessible playgrounds, it doesn’t cover the cost of a full design and installation, said Mackay. Often it means picking pieces that will contribute to more accessibility and inclusivity to an existing space, said Mackay. In Palo Alto, where The Magical Bridge Foundation is based, the Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors has \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://d5.santaclaracounty.gov/press-releases/county-funds-more-all-inclusive-playgrounds#:~:text=Recognizing%20the%20high%20demand%20and,inclusive%20playgrounds%20throughout%20the%20County.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">offered grants\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to public agencies and nonprofits seeking to build inclusive playgrounds.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63411\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-63411\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/El-Carmelo-School-Slide-Swing_MBF-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/El-Carmelo-School-Slide-Swing_MBF-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/El-Carmelo-School-Slide-Swing_MBF-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/El-Carmelo-School-Slide-Swing_MBF-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/El-Carmelo-School-Slide-Swing_MBF-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/El-Carmelo-School-Slide-Swing_MBF-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/El-Carmelo-School-Slide-Swing_MBF-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/El-Carmelo-School-Slide-Swing_MBF-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Magical Bridge Playground at El Carmelo Elementary School in Palo Alto, California opened in 2023. \u003ccite>(Magical Bridge Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When looking for low-barrier and low-cost solutions to an otherwise inaccessible playground, Mackay recommended creating more \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62349/why-schoolyards-are-a-critical-space-for-teaching-about-and-fighting-extreme-heat-and-climate-change\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">shaded spaces\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, “even if it’s a tree with a bench.” And “if it’s a bench, put a space where somebody in a wheelchair can be there,” she said. According to Mackay, vertical panels with open ended activities like spinning pieces or a steering wheel cost around $1,200 each and can provide an interactive and socially inviting play space for all children. She suggested placing panel pieces in creative ways around the playground to provide more opportunities for different types of play and movement. Adding an adaptive swing with a high back and harness, designed for children with a variety of disabilities, also contributes to a more inclusive environment on the playground.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The playground at school is one of the places where students can learn about inclusive practices, even when a total playground overhaul isn’t in the current plans. If educators “teach [students] about inclusion in their classroom and then take them out to the playground and let them experience what that looks like,” then students might have a better understanding of how they might be able to be more inclusive in their own play, said Mackay. Unlimited Play offers partnerships with educators and schools to develop classroom curriculum to encourage inclusive play, including lesson plans on social awareness and effective communication. The Magical Bridge Foundation also offers learning materials for \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.magicalbridge.org/students\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">students\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.magicalbridge.org/parents\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">parents\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.magicalbridge.org/educators\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">educators\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> online.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63414\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-63414\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Sway-Boat_MBF-800x533.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Sway-Boat_MBF-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Sway-Boat_MBF-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Sway-Boat_MBF-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Sway-Boat_MBF-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Sway-Boat_MBF-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Sway-Boat_MBF-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/Palo-Alto-Sway-Boat_MBF-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Magical Bridge Playground at Mitchell Park in Palo Alto, California opened in 2015. \u003ccite>(Magical Bridge Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Connecting with community partners about providing services can help a project along, said Mackay, who is most often contacted by families looking for inclusive solutions to playgrounds in their areas. She works with those families to establish community connections who might want to be involved in the process of creating an inclusive playground. Some of Mackay’s most successful partnerships have been with other nonprofits that serve children with disabilities. The Magical Bridge Foundation also trains volunteers or \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.magicalbridge.org/kindness-ambassadors\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kindness Ambassadors\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, who then offer read-aloud sessions, musical performances and art education at their playgrounds. These volunteers and employees also have varying abilities and disabilities, so that children can experience the diversity that already exists in their community.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63413\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-63413\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-800x442.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-800x442.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-1020x564.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-160x88.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-768x425.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-1536x849.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-2048x1132.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-672x372.jpeg 672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/New-Zealand-Aerial-Slide-Zone-Playhouse_MBF-1920x1062.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Magical Bridge Playground at Claudelands Park in Hamilton, New Zealand opened in 2023. \u003ccite>(Magical Bridge Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/63406/what-do-truly-accessible-and-inclusive-playgrounds-look-like","authors":["11759"],"categories":["mindshift_194","mindshift_20523"],"tags":["mindshift_388","mindshift_21409","mindshift_21718","mindshift_21117","mindshift_498","mindshift_21565"],"featImg":"mindshift_63417","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_63399":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_63399","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"63399","score":null,"sort":[1710961241000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"theres-another-generational-divide-in-the-u-s-and-its-happiness","title":"There's another generational divide in the U.S., and it's happiness","publishDate":1710961241,"format":"standard","headTitle":"There’s another generational divide in the U.S., and it’s happiness | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>How happy are you? \u003ca href=\"https://www.gallup.com/analytics/247355/gallup-world-happiness-report.aspx\">The Gallup World Poll \u003c/a>has a simple way to gauge well-being around the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine a ladder, and think about your current life. The top rung, 10, represents the best possible life and the bottom rung, 0, represents the worst. Pick your number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers use the responses to rank happiness in countries around the globe, and the\u003ca href=\"https://worldhappiness.report/\"> 2024 results \u003c/a>have just been released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Finland is at the top of the list. Researchers point to factors including high levels of social support and healthy life expectancy, to explain the top perch of several Scandinavian countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North America does not fare as well overall. As a nation, the United States dropped in the global ranking from 15th to 23rd. But researchers point to striking generational divides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People aged 60 and older in the U.S. reported high levels of well-being compared to younger people. In fact, the United States ranks in the top 10 countries for happiness in this age group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conversely, there’s a decline in happiness among younger adolescents and young adults in the U.S. “The report finds there’s a dramatic decrease in the self-reported well-being of people aged 30 and below,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/about-us/people/jan-emmanuel-de-neve\">editor Jan-Emmanuel De Neve\u003c/a>, a professor of economics and behavioral science, and the director of the\u003ca href=\"https://wellbeing.hmc.ox.ac.uk/\"> Wellbeing Research Centre\u003c/a> at Oxford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This drop among young adults is also evident in Canada, Australia and, to a lesser extent in parts of western Europe and Britain, too. “We knew that a relationship existed between age and happiness, but the biggest surprise is that it is more nuanced than we previously thought, and it is changing,” says\u003ca href=\"https://www.gallup.com/people/185219/ilana-ron-levey.aspx\"> Ilana Ron-Levey\u003c/a>, managing director at Gallup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In North America, youth happiness has dropped below that of older adults,” Ron-Levey says. The rankings are based on responses from a representative sample of about 1,000 respondents in each country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a range of factors that likely explain these shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De Neve and his collaborators say the relatively high level of well-being among older adults is not too surprising. Researchers have long seen a U-shaped curve to happiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children are typically happy, and people tend to hit the bottom (of the U) of well-being in middle age. By 60, life can feel more secure, especially for people with good health, financial stability and strong social connections. Living in a country with a strong social safety net can also help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The big pressures in life, [such as] having small children, a mortgage to pay, and work, have likely tapered off a bit,” De Neve says. But what’s so unexpected he says is the extent to which well-being has fallen among young adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would expect youth to actually start out at a higher level of well-being than middle-age individuals,” De Neve says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are hearing that the world is going to hell in a handbasket and the young especially are feeling more threatened by it,” says \u003ca href=\"https://economics.ubc.ca/profile/john-helliwell/\">John Helliwell\u003c/a>, Professor Emeritus at the University of British Columbia, and a co-author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says many younger people may feel the weight of climate change, social inequities, and political polarization which can all be amplified on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hope is not lost, Helliwell says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to countries in eastern Europe where levels of well-being are on the rise among young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the older generations in the countries that make up the former Yugoslavia, tend to be less happy. “They are bearing the scars of genocide and conflict,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he says the younger people are looking beyond this history. “A new generation can put it in the past and think of building a better future and feel that they can be part of that,” Helliwell says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was edited by Jane Greenhalgh\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=U.S.+drops+in+new+global+happiness+ranking.+One+age+group+bucks+the+trend&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new report finds sharp declines in well-being among adolescents and young adults in the U.S., while people 60 and older are happier than others.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1711060970,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":23,"wordCount":678},"headData":{"title":"There's another generational divide in the U.S., and it's happiness | KQED","description":"A new report finds sharp declines in well-being among adolescents and young adults in the U.S., while people 60 and older are happier than others.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"mindshift_63402","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"mindshift_63402","socialDescription":"A new report finds sharp declines in well-being among adolescents and young adults in the U.S., while people 60 and older are happier than others."},"sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Thomas Barwick","nprByline":"Allison Aubrey","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"1239537074","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1239537074&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/03/20/1239537074/u-s-drops-in-new-global-happiness-ranking-one-age-group-bucks-the-trend?ft=nprml&f=1239537074","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 20 Mar 2024 08:45:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 20 Mar 2024 05:00:40 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 20 Mar 2024 08:45:28 -0400","nprAudio":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-191676894/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2024/03/20240320_me_us_drops_in_new_global_happiness_ranking_one_age_group_bucks_the_trend.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1066&aggIds=1225474023&d=138&p=3&story=1239537074&ft=nprml&f=1239537074","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11239609190-dae1d3.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1066&aggIds=1225474023&d=138&p=3&story=1239537074&ft=nprml&f=1239537074","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/63399/theres-another-generational-divide-in-the-u-s-and-its-happiness","audioUrl":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-191676894/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2024/03/20240320_me_us_drops_in_new_global_happiness_ranking_one_age_group_bucks_the_trend.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1066&aggIds=1225474023&d=138&p=3&story=1239537074&ft=nprml&f=1239537074","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>How happy are you? \u003ca href=\"https://www.gallup.com/analytics/247355/gallup-world-happiness-report.aspx\">The Gallup World Poll \u003c/a>has a simple way to gauge well-being around the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine a ladder, and think about your current life. The top rung, 10, represents the best possible life and the bottom rung, 0, represents the worst. Pick your number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers use the responses to rank happiness in countries around the globe, and the\u003ca href=\"https://worldhappiness.report/\"> 2024 results \u003c/a>have just been released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Finland is at the top of the list. Researchers point to factors including high levels of social support and healthy life expectancy, to explain the top perch of several Scandinavian countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North America does not fare as well overall. As a nation, the United States dropped in the global ranking from 15th to 23rd. But researchers point to striking generational divides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People aged 60 and older in the U.S. reported high levels of well-being compared to younger people. In fact, the United States ranks in the top 10 countries for happiness in this age group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conversely, there’s a decline in happiness among younger adolescents and young adults in the U.S. “The report finds there’s a dramatic decrease in the self-reported well-being of people aged 30 and below,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/about-us/people/jan-emmanuel-de-neve\">editor Jan-Emmanuel De Neve\u003c/a>, a professor of economics and behavioral science, and the director of the\u003ca href=\"https://wellbeing.hmc.ox.ac.uk/\"> Wellbeing Research Centre\u003c/a> at Oxford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This drop among young adults is also evident in Canada, Australia and, to a lesser extent in parts of western Europe and Britain, too. “We knew that a relationship existed between age and happiness, but the biggest surprise is that it is more nuanced than we previously thought, and it is changing,” says\u003ca href=\"https://www.gallup.com/people/185219/ilana-ron-levey.aspx\"> Ilana Ron-Levey\u003c/a>, managing director at Gallup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In North America, youth happiness has dropped below that of older adults,” Ron-Levey says. The rankings are based on responses from a representative sample of about 1,000 respondents in each country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a range of factors that likely explain these shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De Neve and his collaborators say the relatively high level of well-being among older adults is not too surprising. Researchers have long seen a U-shaped curve to happiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children are typically happy, and people tend to hit the bottom (of the U) of well-being in middle age. By 60, life can feel more secure, especially for people with good health, financial stability and strong social connections. Living in a country with a strong social safety net can also help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The big pressures in life, [such as] having small children, a mortgage to pay, and work, have likely tapered off a bit,” De Neve says. But what’s so unexpected he says is the extent to which well-being has fallen among young adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would expect youth to actually start out at a higher level of well-being than middle-age individuals,” De Neve says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are hearing that the world is going to hell in a handbasket and the young especially are feeling more threatened by it,” says \u003ca href=\"https://economics.ubc.ca/profile/john-helliwell/\">John Helliwell\u003c/a>, Professor Emeritus at the University of British Columbia, and a co-author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says many younger people may feel the weight of climate change, social inequities, and political polarization which can all be amplified on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hope is not lost, Helliwell says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to countries in eastern Europe where levels of well-being are on the rise among young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the older generations in the countries that make up the former Yugoslavia, tend to be less happy. “They are bearing the scars of genocide and conflict,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he says the younger people are looking beyond this history. “A new generation can put it in the past and think of building a better future and feel that they can be part of that,” Helliwell says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was edited by Jane Greenhalgh\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=U.S.+drops+in+new+global+happiness+ranking.+One+age+group+bucks+the+trend&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/63399/theres-another-generational-divide-in-the-u-s-and-its-happiness","authors":["byline_mindshift_63399"],"categories":["mindshift_194"],"tags":["mindshift_21702","mindshift_21903"],"featImg":"mindshift_63402","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_63329":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_63329","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"63329","score":null,"sort":[1709832252000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"prageru-is-a-conservative-video-giant-heres-why-its-trying-to-get-into-schools","title":"PragerU is a conservative video giant. Here's why it's trying to get into schools","publishDate":1709832252,"format":"standard","headTitle":"PragerU is a conservative video giant. Here’s why it’s trying to get into schools | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>Despite the suggestive sound of its name, PragerU is not a university. It’s a content creator. The conservative media nonprofit makes short, well-produced videos crafted to appeal to college students and young people. It has polished animations and titles like “What Radical Islam and the Woke Have in Common” and “Is There Really a Climate Emergency?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, news headlines have focused on its PragerU Kids content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona recently became the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fox10phoenix.com/news/prageru-arizonas-education-department-teams-up-with-controversial-conservative-group\">latest state\u003c/a> where education officials have embraced online videos produced by PragerU. It follows at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/11/1193534564/videos-by-prageru-a-conservative-media-company-can-be-played-in-florida-classroo\">four\u003c/a> other \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/08/1198525663/oklahoma-is-promoting-a-history-curriculum-using-videos-by-conservative-group-pr\">states\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhpr.org/nh-news/2023-09-14/conservative-group-prageru-wins-approval-to-offer-online-course-to-nh-students\">approved\u003c/a> Prager’s material for use in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/14/1193557432/florida-education-private-schools-prageru-desantis\">public school classrooms\u003c/a> last year, though it’s unclear how many students have watched these videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a podcast \u003ca href=\"https://www.donorstrust.org/giving-ventures-podcast-making-history-and-civics-fun-and-factual/\">interview\u003c/a> last fall, the group’s CEO, Marissa Streit, argued that the U.S. education system is “a left-wing propaganda machine” that teaches students to hate America. PragerU Kids, she says, is the supposed inoculation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PragerU shows up everywhere with medicine for the mind so that we can cure and help people think clearly,” said Streit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wlrn.org/education/2023-08-09/prageru-videos-florida-schools\">Educators have voiced alarms\u003c/a> about the tone and accuracy of some of PragerU’s videos, such as one that \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ux54IJ06uHg\">features an animated Christopher Columbus\u003c/a> saying: “Being taken as a slave is better than being killed, no? I don’t see the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63330\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-63330\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru_custom-ee643184578fcf2eb642af46d90356b585743d9a-1020x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru_custom-ee643184578fcf2eb642af46d90356b585743d9a-1020x600.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru_custom-ee643184578fcf2eb642af46d90356b585743d9a-800x470.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru_custom-ee643184578fcf2eb642af46d90356b585743d9a-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru_custom-ee643184578fcf2eb642af46d90356b585743d9a-768x451.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru_custom-ee643184578fcf2eb642af46d90356b585743d9a-1536x903.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru_custom-ee643184578fcf2eb642af46d90356b585743d9a-2048x1204.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru_custom-ee643184578fcf2eb642af46d90356b585743d9a-1920x1129.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PragerU videos frequently focus, with a conservative bent, on topics including history, economics, values and wellness. Videos such as this one, about Christopher Columbus, have been criticized for how historical events have been depicted. \u003ccite>(PragerU/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PragerU officials have said the video accurately portrays what Columbus would have felt about slavery. Cartoon Columbus goes on to scold two time-traveling kids for judging him based on current-day thinking about slavery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group markets its thousands of videos as nonpartisan explorations of big ideas. But that’s a misleading framing, according to \u003ca href=\"https://jrws.berkeley.edu/people/eliah-bures\">Eliah Bures\u003c/a> with the University of California, Berkeley’s Center for Right-Wing Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always tilted relentlessly in a single ideological direction,” said Bures. “You would come away from it thinking that the position that’s just been laid out is the only one that reasonable, sane people could ever possibly hold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to NPR, PragerU responded to critics who question its neutrality: “It appears that any material that contradicts the left’s narrative cannot be permitted because their arguments don’t stand up to scrutiny, even just five minutes’ worth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63332\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-63332\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/gettyimages-824665056_sq-4d7619195d521bd686daff30a7628c29365c8d40-1020x1020.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/gettyimages-824665056_sq-4d7619195d521bd686daff30a7628c29365c8d40-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/gettyimages-824665056_sq-4d7619195d521bd686daff30a7628c29365c8d40-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/gettyimages-824665056_sq-4d7619195d521bd686daff30a7628c29365c8d40-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/gettyimages-824665056_sq-4d7619195d521bd686daff30a7628c29365c8d40-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/gettyimages-824665056_sq-4d7619195d521bd686daff30a7628c29365c8d40-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/gettyimages-824665056_sq-4d7619195d521bd686daff30a7628c29365c8d40-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/gettyimages-824665056_sq-4d7619195d521bd686daff30a7628c29365c8d40-1920x1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Talk radio host Dennis Prager, seen here in 2017, is the namesake of PragerU, a conservative media nonprofit that creates short videos. \u003ccite>(John Sciulli/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Running a nonprofit like a business\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>PragerU’s namesake is Dennis Prager, a longtime conservative radio host from Los Angeles. The idea to start a “university” came from Prager’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=431214214466836\">wealthy fans\u003c/a> on a cruise he held with listeners, but that was an expensive prospect and would graduate only small classes of students. Instead, PragerU’s founders opted to reach people with short videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within a few years, the nonprofit was getting multimillion-dollar donations from funders including \u003ca href=\"https://www.vice.com/en/article/y3p33j/fracking-farris-dan-wilks-prageru-climate-crisis-denial-shapiro\">Dan and Farris Wilks\u003c/a>, brothers who made billions from natural gas fracking and who argue that climate change is God’s will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2022, tax records show, PragerU pulled in more than \u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/271763901/202331029349300123/full\">$65 million \u003c/a>in donations. Streit, in the podcast interview, said she runs PragerU more like a business than a nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it’s a model that has led her to pour millions of dollars into advertising. In recent years, PragerU’s marketing budget has hovered at about half of its expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that is our secret sauce. We realized very early on that what is the point of building a beautiful car if you never put any gasoline in it?” Streit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Influencers or educators?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Last year, that strategy grew to include \u003ca href=\"https://montanafreepress.org/2023/10/06/prager-university-obtains-textbook-dealer-license/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20Office%20of,talk%20show%20host%20Dennis%20Prager.\">partnering\u003c/a> with conservative state education officials. In Florida and Texas, wealthy supporters helped facilitate these introductions, according to email records NPR obtained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d like to introduce you to Manny Diaz, Jr., Florida Commissioner of Education. I met Manny and his wife Jennifer at the inaugural for Governor DeSantis. The Diaz family are big PragerU fans, so we had a very positive conversation about a potential opportunity to bring some of the PragerU content into Florida public K-12 schools (and perhaps colleges?),” wrote investor David Blumberg to Streit in January 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a June 2023 email, real estate investor Richard Weekley introduced Streit to Texas education officials. “PragerU would love to show your team how they have made their high-quality content be standards-aligned and user-friendly for teachers to easily access and implement in their K-10th classrooms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Blumberg nor Weekley responded to NPR’s interview requests about their emails to state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PragerU has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/education/prageru-conservative-videos-classrooms-republican-officials-help-rcna131613\">invited\u003c/a> public officials to its studios to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhpr.org/nh-news/2023-10-06/while-prageru-sought-state-approval-education-commissioner-provided-support-behind-the-scenes\">film ads\u003c/a> and approve its kids videos for classroom use, according to reporting by NBC News and New Hampshire Public Radio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you think of groups like PragerU as influencers instead of educators, their main goal, their claim to fame, is eyeballs. The number of views, the number of followers, the number of clicks,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.binghamton.edu/history/faculty/profile.html?id=alaats\">Adam Laats\u003c/a>, a former schoolteacher turned professor at Binghamton University whose research focuses on the history of American education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that’s a fundamentally different approach than the one most educational publishers take.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generally, Laats said, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/03/01/1235100280/west-virginia-senate-passes-bill-requiring-schools-show-a-fetal-development-vide\">conservatives have been regaining influence\u003c/a> over education policy, but he’s skeptical PragerU’s material will make it into many public school classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the group’s real accomplishment may be in building up a brand that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kulr8.com/elections/montana-state-superintendent-elsie-arntzen-files-to-run-for-congress/article_c8683c5c-37d7-11ee-a611-6bf6ff7dc494.html\">ambitious\u003c/a>, conservative \u003ca href=\"https://www.oklahoman.com/restricted/?return=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oklahoman.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Feducation%2F2024%2F01%2F11%2Fryan-walters-state-schools-superintendent-cuts-ties-ossba-ccosa-opsrc-oklahoma%2F72177389007%2F\">officials\u003c/a> want to be seen \u003ca href=\"https://tucson.com/news/local/education/precollegiate/arizona-schools-republican-tomhorne-prageru-curriculum/article_fc169fa4-c075-11ee-9a1c-3fc1b1d0b20d.html\">supporting\u003c/a>. In Arizona recently, PragerU held a \u003ca href=\"https://www.prageru.com/video/prageru-kids-is-now-in-arizona-schools\">news conference with local lawmakers\u003c/a> and education officials who lined up to praise the nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This partnership is about supporting the children of this state, and it furthers Arizona Republicans’ commitment to fighting for the futures of every child that calls this state home,” said Arizona state Sen. Jake Hoffman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually reshaping what students learn in schools is a notoriously difficult process, said Laats, even for conservative curriculum developers who’ve spent decades building relationships with state education systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What these state partnerships do succeed in, Laats said, is generating headlines. That coverage gives both PragerU and public officials something to show donors and supporters, but this mutual reinforcement, Laats said, is less helpful for students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, it’d be like if a state approved, you know, Snickers bars as healthy food. Even if no students ate it, it’s important for us to agree that that doesn’t count as healthy food,” said Laats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PragerU is likely to announce more partnerships in as many states as it can. In a statement to NPR, it said it’s working on a new early-literacy show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also continues to try out new formats. Its recent short \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-news/prageru-buys-takeover-ad-x-part-1m-campaign-promote-polarizing-detrans-rcna123351\">documentary debut\u003c/a> was 20 minutes on a central preoccupation of the right: gender-affirming care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=PragerU+is+a+conservative+video+giant.+Here%27s+why+it%27s+trying+to+get+into+schools&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Despite its name, PragerU is a content creator, not a university. Its short, well-produced videos appeal to college students and young people. And it has big plans to grow.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1710163511,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":32,"wordCount":1234},"headData":{"title":"PragerU is a conservative video giant. Here's why it's trying to get into schools | KQED","description":"Despite its name, PragerU is a content creator, not a university. Its short, well-produced videos appeal to college students and young people. And it has big plans to grow.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"Despite its name, PragerU is a content creator, not a university. Its short, well-produced videos appeal to college students and young people. And it has big plans to grow."},"sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"PragerU","nprByline":"Lisa Hagen","nprImageAgency":"Screenshot by NPR","nprStoryId":"1234491074","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1234491074&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2024/03/07/1234491074/prageru-schools-videos-growth?ft=nprml&f=1234491074","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 07 Mar 2024 18:15:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 07 Mar 2024 05:00:49 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 07 Mar 2024 05:00:49 -0500","nprAudio":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-191676894/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2024/03/20240307_atc_prageru_is_a_conservative_video_giant_heres_why_its_trying_to_get_into_schools.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1013&aggIds=973275370&d=250&p=2&story=1234491074&ft=nprml&f=1234491074","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11236721076-8b021f.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1013&aggIds=973275370&d=250&p=2&story=1234491074&ft=nprml&f=1234491074","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/63329/prageru-is-a-conservative-video-giant-heres-why-its-trying-to-get-into-schools","audioUrl":"https://play.podtrac.com/npr-191676894/ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2024/03/20240307_atc_prageru_is_a_conservative_video_giant_heres_why_its_trying_to_get_into_schools.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1013&aggIds=973275370&d=250&p=2&story=1234491074&ft=nprml&f=1234491074","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Despite the suggestive sound of its name, PragerU is not a university. It’s a content creator. The conservative media nonprofit makes short, well-produced videos crafted to appeal to college students and young people. It has polished animations and titles like “What Radical Islam and the Woke Have in Common” and “Is There Really a Climate Emergency?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, news headlines have focused on its PragerU Kids content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona recently became the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fox10phoenix.com/news/prageru-arizonas-education-department-teams-up-with-controversial-conservative-group\">latest state\u003c/a> where education officials have embraced online videos produced by PragerU. It follows at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/11/1193534564/videos-by-prageru-a-conservative-media-company-can-be-played-in-florida-classroo\">four\u003c/a> other \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/08/1198525663/oklahoma-is-promoting-a-history-curriculum-using-videos-by-conservative-group-pr\">states\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhpr.org/nh-news/2023-09-14/conservative-group-prageru-wins-approval-to-offer-online-course-to-nh-students\">approved\u003c/a> Prager’s material for use in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/14/1193557432/florida-education-private-schools-prageru-desantis\">public school classrooms\u003c/a> last year, though it’s unclear how many students have watched these videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a podcast \u003ca href=\"https://www.donorstrust.org/giving-ventures-podcast-making-history-and-civics-fun-and-factual/\">interview\u003c/a> last fall, the group’s CEO, Marissa Streit, argued that the U.S. education system is “a left-wing propaganda machine” that teaches students to hate America. PragerU Kids, she says, is the supposed inoculation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PragerU shows up everywhere with medicine for the mind so that we can cure and help people think clearly,” said Streit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wlrn.org/education/2023-08-09/prageru-videos-florida-schools\">Educators have voiced alarms\u003c/a> about the tone and accuracy of some of PragerU’s videos, such as one that \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ux54IJ06uHg\">features an animated Christopher Columbus\u003c/a> saying: “Being taken as a slave is better than being killed, no? I don’t see the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63330\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-63330\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru_custom-ee643184578fcf2eb642af46d90356b585743d9a-1020x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru_custom-ee643184578fcf2eb642af46d90356b585743d9a-1020x600.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru_custom-ee643184578fcf2eb642af46d90356b585743d9a-800x470.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru_custom-ee643184578fcf2eb642af46d90356b585743d9a-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru_custom-ee643184578fcf2eb642af46d90356b585743d9a-768x451.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru_custom-ee643184578fcf2eb642af46d90356b585743d9a-1536x903.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru_custom-ee643184578fcf2eb642af46d90356b585743d9a-2048x1204.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/prageru_custom-ee643184578fcf2eb642af46d90356b585743d9a-1920x1129.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PragerU videos frequently focus, with a conservative bent, on topics including history, economics, values and wellness. Videos such as this one, about Christopher Columbus, have been criticized for how historical events have been depicted. \u003ccite>(PragerU/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PragerU officials have said the video accurately portrays what Columbus would have felt about slavery. Cartoon Columbus goes on to scold two time-traveling kids for judging him based on current-day thinking about slavery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group markets its thousands of videos as nonpartisan explorations of big ideas. But that’s a misleading framing, according to \u003ca href=\"https://jrws.berkeley.edu/people/eliah-bures\">Eliah Bures\u003c/a> with the University of California, Berkeley’s Center for Right-Wing Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always tilted relentlessly in a single ideological direction,” said Bures. “You would come away from it thinking that the position that’s just been laid out is the only one that reasonable, sane people could ever possibly hold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to NPR, PragerU responded to critics who question its neutrality: “It appears that any material that contradicts the left’s narrative cannot be permitted because their arguments don’t stand up to scrutiny, even just five minutes’ worth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63332\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-63332\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/gettyimages-824665056_sq-4d7619195d521bd686daff30a7628c29365c8d40-1020x1020.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/gettyimages-824665056_sq-4d7619195d521bd686daff30a7628c29365c8d40-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/gettyimages-824665056_sq-4d7619195d521bd686daff30a7628c29365c8d40-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/gettyimages-824665056_sq-4d7619195d521bd686daff30a7628c29365c8d40-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/gettyimages-824665056_sq-4d7619195d521bd686daff30a7628c29365c8d40-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/gettyimages-824665056_sq-4d7619195d521bd686daff30a7628c29365c8d40-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/gettyimages-824665056_sq-4d7619195d521bd686daff30a7628c29365c8d40-2048x2048.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/03/gettyimages-824665056_sq-4d7619195d521bd686daff30a7628c29365c8d40-1920x1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Talk radio host Dennis Prager, seen here in 2017, is the namesake of PragerU, a conservative media nonprofit that creates short videos. \u003ccite>(John Sciulli/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Running a nonprofit like a business\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>PragerU’s namesake is Dennis Prager, a longtime conservative radio host from Los Angeles. The idea to start a “university” came from Prager’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=431214214466836\">wealthy fans\u003c/a> on a cruise he held with listeners, but that was an expensive prospect and would graduate only small classes of students. Instead, PragerU’s founders opted to reach people with short videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within a few years, the nonprofit was getting multimillion-dollar donations from funders including \u003ca href=\"https://www.vice.com/en/article/y3p33j/fracking-farris-dan-wilks-prageru-climate-crisis-denial-shapiro\">Dan and Farris Wilks\u003c/a>, brothers who made billions from natural gas fracking and who argue that climate change is God’s will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2022, tax records show, PragerU pulled in more than \u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/271763901/202331029349300123/full\">$65 million \u003c/a>in donations. Streit, in the podcast interview, said she runs PragerU more like a business than a nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it’s a model that has led her to pour millions of dollars into advertising. In recent years, PragerU’s marketing budget has hovered at about half of its expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that is our secret sauce. We realized very early on that what is the point of building a beautiful car if you never put any gasoline in it?” Streit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Influencers or educators?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Last year, that strategy grew to include \u003ca href=\"https://montanafreepress.org/2023/10/06/prager-university-obtains-textbook-dealer-license/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20Office%20of,talk%20show%20host%20Dennis%20Prager.\">partnering\u003c/a> with conservative state education officials. In Florida and Texas, wealthy supporters helped facilitate these introductions, according to email records NPR obtained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d like to introduce you to Manny Diaz, Jr., Florida Commissioner of Education. I met Manny and his wife Jennifer at the inaugural for Governor DeSantis. The Diaz family are big PragerU fans, so we had a very positive conversation about a potential opportunity to bring some of the PragerU content into Florida public K-12 schools (and perhaps colleges?),” wrote investor David Blumberg to Streit in January 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a June 2023 email, real estate investor Richard Weekley introduced Streit to Texas education officials. “PragerU would love to show your team how they have made their high-quality content be standards-aligned and user-friendly for teachers to easily access and implement in their K-10th classrooms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Blumberg nor Weekley responded to NPR’s interview requests about their emails to state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PragerU has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/education/prageru-conservative-videos-classrooms-republican-officials-help-rcna131613\">invited\u003c/a> public officials to its studios to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhpr.org/nh-news/2023-10-06/while-prageru-sought-state-approval-education-commissioner-provided-support-behind-the-scenes\">film ads\u003c/a> and approve its kids videos for classroom use, according to reporting by NBC News and New Hampshire Public Radio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you think of groups like PragerU as influencers instead of educators, their main goal, their claim to fame, is eyeballs. The number of views, the number of followers, the number of clicks,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.binghamton.edu/history/faculty/profile.html?id=alaats\">Adam Laats\u003c/a>, a former schoolteacher turned professor at Binghamton University whose research focuses on the history of American education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that’s a fundamentally different approach than the one most educational publishers take.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generally, Laats said, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/03/01/1235100280/west-virginia-senate-passes-bill-requiring-schools-show-a-fetal-development-vide\">conservatives have been regaining influence\u003c/a> over education policy, but he’s skeptical PragerU’s material will make it into many public school classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the group’s real accomplishment may be in building up a brand that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kulr8.com/elections/montana-state-superintendent-elsie-arntzen-files-to-run-for-congress/article_c8683c5c-37d7-11ee-a611-6bf6ff7dc494.html\">ambitious\u003c/a>, conservative \u003ca href=\"https://www.oklahoman.com/restricted/?return=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oklahoman.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Feducation%2F2024%2F01%2F11%2Fryan-walters-state-schools-superintendent-cuts-ties-ossba-ccosa-opsrc-oklahoma%2F72177389007%2F\">officials\u003c/a> want to be seen \u003ca href=\"https://tucson.com/news/local/education/precollegiate/arizona-schools-republican-tomhorne-prageru-curriculum/article_fc169fa4-c075-11ee-9a1c-3fc1b1d0b20d.html\">supporting\u003c/a>. In Arizona recently, PragerU held a \u003ca href=\"https://www.prageru.com/video/prageru-kids-is-now-in-arizona-schools\">news conference with local lawmakers\u003c/a> and education officials who lined up to praise the nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This partnership is about supporting the children of this state, and it furthers Arizona Republicans’ commitment to fighting for the futures of every child that calls this state home,” said Arizona state Sen. Jake Hoffman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually reshaping what students learn in schools is a notoriously difficult process, said Laats, even for conservative curriculum developers who’ve spent decades building relationships with state education systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What these state partnerships do succeed in, Laats said, is generating headlines. That coverage gives both PragerU and public officials something to show donors and supporters, but this mutual reinforcement, Laats said, is less helpful for students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, it’d be like if a state approved, you know, Snickers bars as healthy food. Even if no students ate it, it’s important for us to agree that that doesn’t count as healthy food,” said Laats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PragerU is likely to announce more partnerships in as many states as it can. In a statement to NPR, it said it’s working on a new early-literacy show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also continues to try out new formats. Its recent short \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-news/prageru-buys-takeover-ad-x-part-1m-campaign-promote-polarizing-detrans-rcna123351\">documentary debut\u003c/a> was 20 minutes on a central preoccupation of the right: gender-affirming care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=PragerU+is+a+conservative+video+giant.+Here%27s+why+it%27s+trying+to+get+into+schools&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/63329/prageru-is-a-conservative-video-giant-heres-why-its-trying-to-get-into-schools","authors":["byline_mindshift_63329"],"categories":["mindshift_194"],"tags":["mindshift_21753","mindshift_21902"],"featImg":"mindshift_63331","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_63266":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_63266","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"63266","score":null,"sort":[1709150443000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-half-century-later-students-at-the-university-of-mississippi-reckon-with-the-past","title":"A half-century later, students at the University of Mississippi reckon with the past","publishDate":1709150443,"format":"standard","headTitle":"A half-century later, students at the University of Mississippi reckon with the past | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>OXFORD, Miss. — Many a Black history lesson includes the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2012/10/01/161966868/history-photographed-then-hidden\">story of James Meredith\u003c/a>, the man who \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2012/10/01/162083705/ole-miss-students-look-back-at-integration\">integrated the University of Mississippi\u003c/a> in 1962.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that wasn’t the end of efforts \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2012/10/01/161573289/integrating-ole-miss-a-transformative-deadly-riot\">to dismantle entrenched segregation\u003c/a> on the college campus most associated with the Old South. Even the school’s moniker — Ole Miss — derives from the term enslaved people once used for the mistress of the plantation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1970, about 200 Black students had enrolled at the state’s flagship university. At the time, school pride meant waving a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2014/10/25/358871799/ole-miss-debates-campus-traditions-with-confederate-roots\">Confederate battle flag\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The climate was like the desert,” says Linnie Liggins Willis, who started at Ole Miss in 1967. She describes a sense of isolation for Black students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would associate and cling to each other because we didn’t have the opportunity to really interact with the other students on campus,” Willis says. “We just kind of formed our own little community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her classmate, Kenneth Mayfield says the message was clear that Black students were considered second-class citizens. He remembers they would be taunted when walking by the athletic dorm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You were going to get harassed, you know, with the N-word, stuff like that,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayfield’s best friend, Donald Cole, remembers sitting alone on his first day of chemistry class because white students refused to take the seats near him. He says he was regularly reminded of his place, for instance being forced off the sidewalk on a rainy day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were some guys twice my size who blocked the sidewalk. I was supposed to walk around them in the mud,” Cole says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A disheartening experience for students who thought they had a shot at an education here after James Meredith had broken the color barrier eight years before. Yet they encountered only token integration. So they formed a Black Student Union in protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Fighting for racial equity in the post-integration era\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“We wanted our voices to be heard,” says Willis, secretary of the group. “We wanted to feel that we were a part of the mainstream, and that as Blacks or African-Americans, we would we would have a certain amount of power that we could leverage for whatever we wanted to in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emboldened by protests on campuses across the country at the time, Cole says, the group came up with 27 demands for racial equity, and presented them to the chancellor on Feb. 24, 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63262\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63262\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/27-demands-1-_custom-5d0fa5e053067a456bf76a59ef6292893796a1ec.jpe\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"1184\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/27-demands-1-_custom-5d0fa5e053067a456bf76a59ef6292893796a1ec.jpe 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/27-demands-1-_custom-5d0fa5e053067a456bf76a59ef6292893796a1ec-160x271.jpe 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A typed list of demands the Black Student Union presented to the chancellor of University of Mississippi in 1970. Emboldened by protests on other campuses across the country, Black students saw an opportunity to challenge token integration at Ole Miss. \u003ccite>(The Daily Mississippian, University of Mississippi)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We were just asking, very very simply, to be treated normally,” Cole says. “We were just trying to better the institution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They wanted the school to hire Black professors, recruit Black athletes, and do away with sanctioned racist imagery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Disassociation of the university with Confederate symbols — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/10/26/451955764/university-of-mississippi-orders-state-flag-removed\">the flag at the time\u003c/a> because that was that was just one way of individuals constantly telling me that they didn’t want me here,” says Cole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was really about telling these Black students, ‘know your place; this is still a white man’s university,'” says Ralph Eubanks. He’s a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wralpheubanks.com/\">writer-in-residence\u003c/a> and Black Power faculty fellow at the Center for the Study of Southern Culture at the University of Mississippi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63263\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1950px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63263\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/flag-burning-1-copy_custom-0be4a57928e41ae4ec5c5b8355f23917b6f37b7d.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1950\" height=\"1437\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/flag-burning-1-copy_custom-0be4a57928e41ae4ec5c5b8355f23917b6f37b7d.jpg 1950w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/flag-burning-1-copy_custom-0be4a57928e41ae4ec5c5b8355f23917b6f37b7d-800x590.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/flag-burning-1-copy_custom-0be4a57928e41ae4ec5c5b8355f23917b6f37b7d-1020x752.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/flag-burning-1-copy_custom-0be4a57928e41ae4ec5c5b8355f23917b6f37b7d-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/flag-burning-1-copy_custom-0be4a57928e41ae4ec5c5b8355f23917b6f37b7d-768x566.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/flag-burning-1-copy_custom-0be4a57928e41ae4ec5c5b8355f23917b6f37b7d-1536x1132.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/flag-burning-1-copy_custom-0be4a57928e41ae4ec5c5b8355f23917b6f37b7d-1920x1415.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1950px) 100vw, 1950px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black students burn a Confederate battle flag in protest at the University of Mississippi. In 1970, the Black Student Union demanded that Ole Miss disassociate with Confederate symbols. They said waving the flag was a reminder that Ole Miss was still a “white man’s university,” eight years after James Meredith had integrated the college campus most associated with the Old South. \u003ccite>(The Daily Mississippian, University of Mississippi)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eubanks is working to make sure the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/02/22/515757039/a-students-perspective-on-mississippi-beautiful-engulfing-and-sometimes-enraging\">current generation of students\u003c/a> at Ole Miss learns about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-unhealed-wounds-of-a-mass-arrest-of-black-students-at-ole-miss-fifty-years-later\">decades-long struggle to fully integrate the campus\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m talking to you in a building right now that was built by slaves. And I can’t escape that,” Eubanks says. “I want everyone to see the connections, the historical connections between all of these events and not really forget them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says they have lessons for today, and the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That has been the missing piece of the civil rights movement,” he says. “We as a nation never learned to work together down the road. And this university, with its civil rights history, never had that form of reconciliation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63264\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63264\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1891\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-800x591.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-1020x753.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-768x567.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-1536x1135.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-2048x1513.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-1920x1418.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Author Ralph Eubanks is faculty fellow and writer-in-residence at the Center for the Study of Southern Culture at the University of Mississippi. He’s part of the Black Power at Ole Miss task force that’s commemorating the 1970 protests. \u003ccite>(Timothy Ivy for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At a recent commemoration on campus, pre-law freshman Aminata Ba gave a dramatic recitation of the Black Student Union’s demands from 1970, telling the audience that the protest “was in resistance to the remnants of slavery in Mississippi and the consequential rampant racial abuse of Black students on campus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ba considers herself a legacy of what those students demanded 54 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t help but just compare their experiences then to your experience now as a Black student at the University of Mississippi.” Ba says she wants to build on what they achieved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Addressing the difficult history and not whitewashing it, but instead saying, this is what we did and this is what we’re gonna do, and this is how we’re moving forward,” says Ba.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Arrested and expelled for asserting Black Power\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A key event in the struggle of 1970 was when the Black Student Union disrupted a concert on campus. Linnie Willis says students were surprised the university was promoting the show by \u003ca href=\"https://upwithpeople.org/\">Up With People\u003c/a>, a mixed-race international singing group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How hypocritical, that they are so willing to embrace this interracial group coming here, but yet they did not embrace us,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just walked right across in front of the performing group and stood there and, we raised our fists with the Black power symbol.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63265\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63265\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1709\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-1536x1026.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Donald Cole, right, describes having a gun pointed at him when Black protesters were arrested in 1970 after storming the stage during a concert by the group “Up With People” on the Ole Miss campus. Cole, and his best friend, Kenneth Mayfield, left, were expelled from the university along with six others. The two are back on campus to tell current Ole Miss students what happened back then. \u003ccite>(Timothy Ivy for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kenneth Mayfield grabbed a microphone from one of the singers to spell out their demands. “A few minutes later, the word came up to those of us who were on the stage that the highway patrol had surrounded the building,” Mayfield remembers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time since that night 54 years ago, Mayfield and Cole are introduced to two members of Up With People who traveled to Oxford for the commemoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am just so glad that we are to be here tonight and laugh about it,” reflects Donald Cole, standing outside the venue where it all happened – Fulton Chapel. “It could have easily been a very violent night here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce Parker and Ric Newman, both white men, were part of the cast. The protest made a lasting impression on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We stopped the song we were singing, and we immediately went into [the song] \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTn2C7bwbZc\">What Color Is God’s Skin\u003c/a>,” Parker recalls. “I think it really spoke to the protesters……I just felt like there was something going on here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63267\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2554px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63267\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2554\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-scaled.jpg 2554w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-800x802.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-1020x1022.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-768x770.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-1532x1536.jpg 1532w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-2043x2048.jpg 2043w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-1920x1925.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2554px) 100vw, 2554px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The campus newspaper, The Daily Mississippian, covered a protest by Black students who disrupted a concert at the University of Mississippi’s Fulton Chapel in 1970. The protesters were demanding racial equality on campus. Eighty-nine Black students were arrested, and eight of them expelled. \u003ccite>(The Daily Mississippian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We wanted them to know that we were standing with them, not against them,” says Newman, recounting the lyrics that said “every man’s the same in the good Lord’s sight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighty-nine protesters were arrested, along with other Black students who had earlier burned a Confederate flag. Eight of them, including Willis, Mayfield and Cole were expelled. Cole says they expected some form of punishment, but not to get kicked off campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean we’ve seen frat boys do stuff much, much more,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But those frat boys weren’t trying to change the whole culture of the South either,” Parker tells him.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>50 years of silence about their struggle\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The students sued to be reinstated, but lost their court battle. Cole says being expelled was a blow at first, but he and Mayfield went on to earn degrees from Tougaloo, a historically Black college in Jackson, Miss. Mayfield is a lawyer. And Cole is retired from the University of Mississippi. In a complicated relationship that spanned more than 50 years, he went back to earn his doctorate, became a math professor, and later, assistant provost for multi-cultural affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linnie Liggins Willis, who had completed all of her coursework, yet was still denied a degree, left the state of Mississippi for good. She’s retired from a career as executive director of a housing authority in Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis says she was bitter about the Ole Miss experience for a long time, and remained baffled about how quickly law enforcement showed up to arrest the protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For them to be there, poised and ready when we came out of that building? I always wondered about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, it was revealed that the Black Student Union had been under surveillance and infiltrated by the FBI, and the \u003ca href=\"https://da.mdah.ms.gov/sovcom/\">Mississippi Sovereignty Commission\u003c/a>, the state spying agency created to maintain white supremacy. And their story was silenced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63269\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63269\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1709\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-1536x1026.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donald Cole, red sweater, and Kenneth Mayfield, right, talk with University of Mississippi students, Emerson Morris and Aminata Ba, right, at Fulton Chapel, the site of a protest for racial equality during a concert in 1970. Former “Up With People” trumpet player Ric Newman, left, says the group tried to show solidarity with the Black students who stormed the stage during the performance. \u003ccite>(Timothy Ivy for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Our history …. it’s almost like it was just wiped away, a clean slate. Nobody talked about us. Nobody heard about us and knew about us,” says Willis. “The university needs to reckon with the fact that we were there. We made a statement and because of that, there are many who are benefiting from that today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifty years later, Ole Miss did acknowledge their contributions. \u003ca href=\"https://egrove.olemiss.edu/blkpower_photo/15/\">Willis got the degree that she’d earned but been denied.\u003c/a> The university apologized to the expelled students and created scholarships in their honor, and now includes programs like the commemoration this year so that modern day students can learn from their experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re focused on now is making sure that we continue to reconcile and repair and build those relationships with those who were impacted and tell the story,” says Shawnboda Mead, Vice Chancellor for Diversity of Community Engagement at the University of Mississippi.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Modern day students embrace the difficult history\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“The impact of the 1970 protest was not in vain,” says Robert Mister, a second-generation Black student at Ole Miss who says much has changed since then, and since his mother was a student here in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really don’t like how we hold Ole Miss to its old roots,” he says. “A lot of people in my community tend to say ‘oh, Ole Miss is that racist school. Ole Miss is that white man’s school.’ I’m here to tell you in 2024 that’s most definitely not the case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The institution has worked to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/10/26/451955764/university-of-mississippi-orders-state-flag-removed\">distance itself from symbols\u003c/a> of the Old South, banning the Confederate battle flag from sporting events, for instance. It’s installing historical markers that more fully reflect what happened, and there are even campus slavery tours now that delve deeply into the history here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63270\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63270\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1709\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-1536x1026.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Mississippi student, Robert Mister, poses for a portrait on the campus, Feb. 18. He’s a junior majoring in electrical engineering. Mister says he’s a beneficiary of what Black students demanded in 1970. \u003ccite>(Timothy Ivy for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Ole Miss still struggles to attract and retain Black professors and students in a way that reflects Mississippi. The state’s population is nearly 40% African-American, the highest percentage in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Black students make up only 11.4% of the \u003ca href=\"https://irep.olemiss.edu/fall-2022-2023-enrollment/\">University of Mississippi student body\u003c/a>. And the percentage of Black faculty is even smaller — 6.5%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freshman Edward Wilson has noticed. “I’m like, where are they? You know, where is this representation and where are people who go here going to see any other representation besides the person who prepares my fries?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson says learning about what happened on campus in 1970 has him thinking about what protest means to people his age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re just trying to find a place in the world,” Wilson says. “It doesn’t have to be some big march for massive things like voting rights, but it can be small scale stuff. Just making your voice heard when you feel like you’ve been shut out of the conversation. That itself is protest to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not lost on Wilson that this program comes at a time when some conservative state leaders are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/15/1176210007/florida-ron-desantis-dei-ban-diversity\">seeking to curtail diversity, equity, and inclusion programs at publicly-funded universities\u003c/a>, and to squelch frank conversations about difficult racial history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63271\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63271\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1638\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-800x512.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-1020x652.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-768x491.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-1536x983.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-2048x1310.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-1920x1228.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Mississippi student, Jordan Isbell, 20, takes pictures of fellow student, Razabier Davis, 20 with left, Donald Cole and Kenneth Mayfield on the stage of Fulton Chapel on Feb. 15. \u003ccite>(Timothy Ivy for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think that it’s blatantly saying ‘so yeah, it happened. But what about it?'” Wilson says. “If you only want the good parts and not understanding the bad parts, then it becomes willful ignorance at that point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His classmate, Emerson Morris, a white woman from Biloxi, Miss., notes that in the 60s, she would not have been able to participate in an event like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are my friends,” Morris says. “This is progress and we still have so much more to do in the future, but we cannot limit the voices of those around us. There’s a place for everybody here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Kenneth Mayfield and Donald Cole, seeing these students asserting their place on campus today, is proof they were on the right side of history back in 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+half-century+later%2C+students+at+the+University+of+Mississippi+reckon+with+the+past&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In 1970 the University of Mississippi expelled Black students who protested their mistreatment on campus. The university has started to acknowledge that history.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1709252779,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":59,"wordCount":2593},"headData":{"title":"A half-century later, students at the University of Mississippi reckon with the past | KQED","description":"In 1970 the University of Mississippi expelled Black students who protested their mistreatment on campus. The university has started to acknowledge that history.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"In 1970 the University of Mississippi expelled Black students who protested their mistreatment on campus. The university has started to acknowledge that history."},"sticky":false,"nprByline":" Debbie Elliott","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/63266/a-half-century-later-students-at-the-university-of-mississippi-reckon-with-the-past","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>OXFORD, Miss. — Many a Black history lesson includes the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2012/10/01/161966868/history-photographed-then-hidden\">story of James Meredith\u003c/a>, the man who \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2012/10/01/162083705/ole-miss-students-look-back-at-integration\">integrated the University of Mississippi\u003c/a> in 1962.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that wasn’t the end of efforts \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2012/10/01/161573289/integrating-ole-miss-a-transformative-deadly-riot\">to dismantle entrenched segregation\u003c/a> on the college campus most associated with the Old South. Even the school’s moniker — Ole Miss — derives from the term enslaved people once used for the mistress of the plantation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1970, about 200 Black students had enrolled at the state’s flagship university. At the time, school pride meant waving a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2014/10/25/358871799/ole-miss-debates-campus-traditions-with-confederate-roots\">Confederate battle flag\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The climate was like the desert,” says Linnie Liggins Willis, who started at Ole Miss in 1967. She describes a sense of isolation for Black students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would associate and cling to each other because we didn’t have the opportunity to really interact with the other students on campus,” Willis says. “We just kind of formed our own little community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her classmate, Kenneth Mayfield says the message was clear that Black students were considered second-class citizens. He remembers they would be taunted when walking by the athletic dorm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You were going to get harassed, you know, with the N-word, stuff like that,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayfield’s best friend, Donald Cole, remembers sitting alone on his first day of chemistry class because white students refused to take the seats near him. He says he was regularly reminded of his place, for instance being forced off the sidewalk on a rainy day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were some guys twice my size who blocked the sidewalk. I was supposed to walk around them in the mud,” Cole says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A disheartening experience for students who thought they had a shot at an education here after James Meredith had broken the color barrier eight years before. Yet they encountered only token integration. So they formed a Black Student Union in protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Fighting for racial equity in the post-integration era\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“We wanted our voices to be heard,” says Willis, secretary of the group. “We wanted to feel that we were a part of the mainstream, and that as Blacks or African-Americans, we would we would have a certain amount of power that we could leverage for whatever we wanted to in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emboldened by protests on campuses across the country at the time, Cole says, the group came up with 27 demands for racial equity, and presented them to the chancellor on Feb. 24, 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63262\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63262\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/27-demands-1-_custom-5d0fa5e053067a456bf76a59ef6292893796a1ec.jpe\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"1184\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/27-demands-1-_custom-5d0fa5e053067a456bf76a59ef6292893796a1ec.jpe 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/27-demands-1-_custom-5d0fa5e053067a456bf76a59ef6292893796a1ec-160x271.jpe 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A typed list of demands the Black Student Union presented to the chancellor of University of Mississippi in 1970. Emboldened by protests on other campuses across the country, Black students saw an opportunity to challenge token integration at Ole Miss. \u003ccite>(The Daily Mississippian, University of Mississippi)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We were just asking, very very simply, to be treated normally,” Cole says. “We were just trying to better the institution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They wanted the school to hire Black professors, recruit Black athletes, and do away with sanctioned racist imagery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Disassociation of the university with Confederate symbols — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/10/26/451955764/university-of-mississippi-orders-state-flag-removed\">the flag at the time\u003c/a> because that was that was just one way of individuals constantly telling me that they didn’t want me here,” says Cole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was really about telling these Black students, ‘know your place; this is still a white man’s university,'” says Ralph Eubanks. He’s a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wralpheubanks.com/\">writer-in-residence\u003c/a> and Black Power faculty fellow at the Center for the Study of Southern Culture at the University of Mississippi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63263\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1950px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63263\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/flag-burning-1-copy_custom-0be4a57928e41ae4ec5c5b8355f23917b6f37b7d.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1950\" height=\"1437\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/flag-burning-1-copy_custom-0be4a57928e41ae4ec5c5b8355f23917b6f37b7d.jpg 1950w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/flag-burning-1-copy_custom-0be4a57928e41ae4ec5c5b8355f23917b6f37b7d-800x590.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/flag-burning-1-copy_custom-0be4a57928e41ae4ec5c5b8355f23917b6f37b7d-1020x752.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/flag-burning-1-copy_custom-0be4a57928e41ae4ec5c5b8355f23917b6f37b7d-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/flag-burning-1-copy_custom-0be4a57928e41ae4ec5c5b8355f23917b6f37b7d-768x566.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/flag-burning-1-copy_custom-0be4a57928e41ae4ec5c5b8355f23917b6f37b7d-1536x1132.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/flag-burning-1-copy_custom-0be4a57928e41ae4ec5c5b8355f23917b6f37b7d-1920x1415.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1950px) 100vw, 1950px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black students burn a Confederate battle flag in protest at the University of Mississippi. In 1970, the Black Student Union demanded that Ole Miss disassociate with Confederate symbols. They said waving the flag was a reminder that Ole Miss was still a “white man’s university,” eight years after James Meredith had integrated the college campus most associated with the Old South. \u003ccite>(The Daily Mississippian, University of Mississippi)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eubanks is working to make sure the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/02/22/515757039/a-students-perspective-on-mississippi-beautiful-engulfing-and-sometimes-enraging\">current generation of students\u003c/a> at Ole Miss learns about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-unhealed-wounds-of-a-mass-arrest-of-black-students-at-ole-miss-fifty-years-later\">decades-long struggle to fully integrate the campus\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m talking to you in a building right now that was built by slaves. And I can’t escape that,” Eubanks says. “I want everyone to see the connections, the historical connections between all of these events and not really forget them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says they have lessons for today, and the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That has been the missing piece of the civil rights movement,” he says. “We as a nation never learned to work together down the road. And this university, with its civil rights history, never had that form of reconciliation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63264\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63264\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1891\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-800x591.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-1020x753.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-768x567.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-1536x1135.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-2048x1513.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-23_custom-c65c0b90a534a1cc85d7c666d8b24b747ed6df97-1920x1418.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Author Ralph Eubanks is faculty fellow and writer-in-residence at the Center for the Study of Southern Culture at the University of Mississippi. He’s part of the Black Power at Ole Miss task force that’s commemorating the 1970 protests. \u003ccite>(Timothy Ivy for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At a recent commemoration on campus, pre-law freshman Aminata Ba gave a dramatic recitation of the Black Student Union’s demands from 1970, telling the audience that the protest “was in resistance to the remnants of slavery in Mississippi and the consequential rampant racial abuse of Black students on campus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ba considers herself a legacy of what those students demanded 54 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t help but just compare their experiences then to your experience now as a Black student at the University of Mississippi.” Ba says she wants to build on what they achieved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Addressing the difficult history and not whitewashing it, but instead saying, this is what we did and this is what we’re gonna do, and this is how we’re moving forward,” says Ba.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Arrested and expelled for asserting Black Power\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A key event in the struggle of 1970 was when the Black Student Union disrupted a concert on campus. Linnie Willis says students were surprised the university was promoting the show by \u003ca href=\"https://upwithpeople.org/\">Up With People\u003c/a>, a mixed-race international singing group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How hypocritical, that they are so willing to embrace this interracial group coming here, but yet they did not embrace us,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just walked right across in front of the performing group and stood there and, we raised our fists with the Black power symbol.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63265\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63265\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1709\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-1536x1026.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-2_custom-6a3e14684f81c4e7c22b2366d68287db5b117936-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Donald Cole, right, describes having a gun pointed at him when Black protesters were arrested in 1970 after storming the stage during a concert by the group “Up With People” on the Ole Miss campus. Cole, and his best friend, Kenneth Mayfield, left, were expelled from the university along with six others. The two are back on campus to tell current Ole Miss students what happened back then. \u003ccite>(Timothy Ivy for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kenneth Mayfield grabbed a microphone from one of the singers to spell out their demands. “A few minutes later, the word came up to those of us who were on the stage that the highway patrol had surrounded the building,” Mayfield remembers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time since that night 54 years ago, Mayfield and Cole are introduced to two members of Up With People who traveled to Oxford for the commemoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am just so glad that we are to be here tonight and laugh about it,” reflects Donald Cole, standing outside the venue where it all happened – Fulton Chapel. “It could have easily been a very violent night here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce Parker and Ric Newman, both white men, were part of the cast. The protest made a lasting impression on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We stopped the song we were singing, and we immediately went into [the song] \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTn2C7bwbZc\">What Color Is God’s Skin\u003c/a>,” Parker recalls. “I think it really spoke to the protesters……I just felt like there was something going on here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63267\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2554px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63267\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2554\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-scaled.jpg 2554w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-800x802.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-1020x1022.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-768x770.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-1532x1536.jpg 1532w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-2043x2048.jpg 2043w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/daily-mississippian-high-res-_custom-32865536e80402052984ba80be00e2c5b420d02c-1920x1925.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2554px) 100vw, 2554px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The campus newspaper, The Daily Mississippian, covered a protest by Black students who disrupted a concert at the University of Mississippi’s Fulton Chapel in 1970. The protesters were demanding racial equality on campus. Eighty-nine Black students were arrested, and eight of them expelled. \u003ccite>(The Daily Mississippian)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We wanted them to know that we were standing with them, not against them,” says Newman, recounting the lyrics that said “every man’s the same in the good Lord’s sight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighty-nine protesters were arrested, along with other Black students who had earlier burned a Confederate flag. Eight of them, including Willis, Mayfield and Cole were expelled. Cole says they expected some form of punishment, but not to get kicked off campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean we’ve seen frat boys do stuff much, much more,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But those frat boys weren’t trying to change the whole culture of the South either,” Parker tells him.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>50 years of silence about their struggle\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The students sued to be reinstated, but lost their court battle. Cole says being expelled was a blow at first, but he and Mayfield went on to earn degrees from Tougaloo, a historically Black college in Jackson, Miss. Mayfield is a lawyer. And Cole is retired from the University of Mississippi. In a complicated relationship that spanned more than 50 years, he went back to earn his doctorate, became a math professor, and later, assistant provost for multi-cultural affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linnie Liggins Willis, who had completed all of her coursework, yet was still denied a degree, left the state of Mississippi for good. She’s retired from a career as executive director of a housing authority in Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis says she was bitter about the Ole Miss experience for a long time, and remained baffled about how quickly law enforcement showed up to arrest the protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For them to be there, poised and ready when we came out of that building? I always wondered about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, it was revealed that the Black Student Union had been under surveillance and infiltrated by the FBI, and the \u003ca href=\"https://da.mdah.ms.gov/sovcom/\">Mississippi Sovereignty Commission\u003c/a>, the state spying agency created to maintain white supremacy. And their story was silenced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63269\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63269\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1709\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-1536x1026.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-12_custom-151264b4ca0711167ceaa2b67f8b16487d8eb485-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donald Cole, red sweater, and Kenneth Mayfield, right, talk with University of Mississippi students, Emerson Morris and Aminata Ba, right, at Fulton Chapel, the site of a protest for racial equality during a concert in 1970. Former “Up With People” trumpet player Ric Newman, left, says the group tried to show solidarity with the Black students who stormed the stage during the performance. \u003ccite>(Timothy Ivy for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Our history …. it’s almost like it was just wiped away, a clean slate. Nobody talked about us. Nobody heard about us and knew about us,” says Willis. “The university needs to reckon with the fact that we were there. We made a statement and because of that, there are many who are benefiting from that today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifty years later, Ole Miss did acknowledge their contributions. \u003ca href=\"https://egrove.olemiss.edu/blkpower_photo/15/\">Willis got the degree that she’d earned but been denied.\u003c/a> The university apologized to the expelled students and created scholarships in their honor, and now includes programs like the commemoration this year so that modern day students can learn from their experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re focused on now is making sure that we continue to reconcile and repair and build those relationships with those who were impacted and tell the story,” says Shawnboda Mead, Vice Chancellor for Diversity of Community Engagement at the University of Mississippi.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Modern day students embrace the difficult history\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“The impact of the 1970 protest was not in vain,” says Robert Mister, a second-generation Black student at Ole Miss who says much has changed since then, and since his mother was a student here in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really don’t like how we hold Ole Miss to its old roots,” he says. “A lot of people in my community tend to say ‘oh, Ole Miss is that racist school. Ole Miss is that white man’s school.’ I’m here to tell you in 2024 that’s most definitely not the case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The institution has worked to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/10/26/451955764/university-of-mississippi-orders-state-flag-removed\">distance itself from symbols\u003c/a> of the Old South, banning the Confederate battle flag from sporting events, for instance. It’s installing historical markers that more fully reflect what happened, and there are even campus slavery tours now that delve deeply into the history here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63270\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63270\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1709\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-1536x1026.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-28_custom-83aa91c97f3595de9075ac7c7c0ac6b0ed7ffc24-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Mississippi student, Robert Mister, poses for a portrait on the campus, Feb. 18. He’s a junior majoring in electrical engineering. Mister says he’s a beneficiary of what Black students demanded in 1970. \u003ccite>(Timothy Ivy for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Ole Miss still struggles to attract and retain Black professors and students in a way that reflects Mississippi. The state’s population is nearly 40% African-American, the highest percentage in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Black students make up only 11.4% of the \u003ca href=\"https://irep.olemiss.edu/fall-2022-2023-enrollment/\">University of Mississippi student body\u003c/a>. And the percentage of Black faculty is even smaller — 6.5%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freshman Edward Wilson has noticed. “I’m like, where are they? You know, where is this representation and where are people who go here going to see any other representation besides the person who prepares my fries?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson says learning about what happened on campus in 1970 has him thinking about what protest means to people his age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re just trying to find a place in the world,” Wilson says. “It doesn’t have to be some big march for massive things like voting rights, but it can be small scale stuff. Just making your voice heard when you feel like you’ve been shut out of the conversation. That itself is protest to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not lost on Wilson that this program comes at a time when some conservative state leaders are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/15/1176210007/florida-ron-desantis-dei-ban-diversity\">seeking to curtail diversity, equity, and inclusion programs at publicly-funded universities\u003c/a>, and to squelch frank conversations about difficult racial history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_63271\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63271\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1638\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-800x512.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-1020x652.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-768x491.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-1536x983.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-2048x1310.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/um1970-17_custom-db72991708eb0d1c95d09c24821a8a98f52be1f3-1920x1228.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">University of Mississippi student, Jordan Isbell, 20, takes pictures of fellow student, Razabier Davis, 20 with left, Donald Cole and Kenneth Mayfield on the stage of Fulton Chapel on Feb. 15. \u003ccite>(Timothy Ivy for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think that it’s blatantly saying ‘so yeah, it happened. But what about it?'” Wilson says. “If you only want the good parts and not understanding the bad parts, then it becomes willful ignorance at that point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His classmate, Emerson Morris, a white woman from Biloxi, Miss., notes that in the 60s, she would not have been able to participate in an event like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are my friends,” Morris says. “This is progress and we still have so much more to do in the future, but we cannot limit the voices of those around us. There’s a place for everybody here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Kenneth Mayfield and Donald Cole, seeing these students asserting their place on campus today, is proof they were on the right side of history back in 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+half-century+later%2C+students+at+the+University+of+Mississippi+reckon+with+the+past&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/63266/a-half-century-later-students-at-the-university-of-mississippi-reckon-with-the-past","authors":["byline_mindshift_63266"],"categories":["mindshift_21357","mindshift_194"],"featImg":"mindshift_63261","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_63250":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_63250","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"63250","score":null,"sort":[1708920008000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"politicians-love-to-talk-about-race-and-lgbtq-issues-in-school-teachers-and-teens-not-so-much","title":"Politicians love to talk about race and LGBTQ issues in school. Teachers and teens, not so much.","publishDate":1708920008,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Politicians love to talk about race and LGBTQ issues in school. Teachers and teens, not so much. | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2024/02/23/teachers-teens-not-at-ease-discussing-lgbtq-issues-in-school-survey-finds/\" rel=\"canonical\">originally published\u003c/a> by Chalkbeat. Sign up for their newsletters at \u003ca href=\"https://ckbe.at/newsletters\">ckbe.at/newsletters.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should elementary schoolers learn that people of the same gender can love each other? Do teens want to learn about how slavery’s legacy matters today? Should parents be able to opt their kids out of lessons they disagree with?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Republican-dominated state legislatures \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2021/12/17/22840317/crt-laws-classroom-discussion-racism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">limit how teachers talk about race\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2022/8/10/23298986/transgender-children-kids-students-rights-biden-lgbtq-title-ix/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">restrict transgender children’s access\u003c/a> to bathrooms and sports, and as school board elections turn on book bans and parents’ rights, three new national studies from the Pew Research Center, the research corporation RAND, and the University of Southern California’s Center for Applied Research in Education shed light on how teachers, parents, and students themselves think about these questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all the attention LGBTQ issues receive in national politics, teachers said topics related to gender identity and sexual orientation rarely come up. And many said they don’t believe these topics should be taught in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, large swaths of the public also don’t think gender and sexuality should be discussed in school, the studies found. However, there were wide partisan divides, as well as differences along racial and ethnic lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adults and teens felt more comfortable with teachers teaching about racism than LGBTQ issues. They were also more comfortable with teachers talking about past injustices than present-day inequality, and more comfortable with gay rights than trans rights. And they were more comfortable with any of these topics coming up at the high school level — though many teens reported their own discomfort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it is perhaps unsurprising that two-thirds of teachers in one study said they decided on their own to limit how they talked about potentially contentious issues. One reason: They feared confrontations with upset parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The topics of race and LGBTQ issues are often lumped together in discussions about these so-called ‘culture wars’ and how that’s playing out in K-12 education,” said Luona Lin, a research associate at Pew. But teachers and students actually “feel very different about these two topics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the major takeaways of the three new reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Many teachers are censoring themselves\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>More than a third of American teachers work in \u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/map-where-critical-race-theory-is-under-attack/2021/06\">states with laws restricting\u003c/a> how teachers talk about issues that are considered divisive or controversial. But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA1108-10.html\">study released this month by the research organization RAND\u003c/a> found local restrictions and teachers’ own fears are having an effect as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a survey of 1,500 teachers taken last year, two-thirds reported deciding on their own to limit how they talked about social and political issues in the classroom. Meanwhile, about half of teachers told RAND they were subject to either a state or local restriction. These limits could be formal, such as a school board policy, or informal, such as a principal’s comments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 80% of those who were subject to a local restriction said they had made changes to their teaching, regardless of state law. That should not be surprising, said Ashley Woo, an assistant policy researcher at RAND.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If your principal is telling you to do something, that is the person who is there with you at the school and can see what is happening in your classroom,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, more than half of teachers who were not subject to any restrictions said they had limited how they talked about certain topics, with self-censoring more common in conservative communities but still widespread in liberal ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major reason teachers cited for limiting instruction, especially in communities with local restrictions, was a fear of confrontation with upset parents and that their administration would not support them if they faced a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>LGBTQ issues raised less often than racism in classrooms\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Though LGBTQ issues are prominent in local and national politics, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2024/02/22/race-and-lgbtq-issues-in-k-12-schools/\">a report released this week\u003c/a> reveals a striking finding: Most teachers say gender identity and sexual orientation hardly get discussed in class — and many teachers say they shouldn’t be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a nationally representative survey conducted last fall by the nonpartisan Pew Research Center, more than two-thirds of K-12 public school teachers said topics related to sexual orientation and gender identity rarely or never came up in their classroom last school year. Around 3 in 10 said the topics came up sometimes or often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half of teachers, meanwhile, said they thought students shouldn’t learn about gender identity at school, with an even higher share of elementary school teachers agreeing with that view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings come as \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2022/7/8/23198792/lgbtq-students-law-florida-dont-say-gay/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anti-trans legislation\u003c/a> creates a \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2022/10/25/23421548/lgbtq-students-mental-health-school-safety-survey/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more hostile environment\u003c/a> for \u003ca href=\"https://19thnews.org/2024/02/nex-benedict-oklahoma-lgbtq-community-resilience/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gender non-conforming youth\u003c/a> in many states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, more than half of teachers said they discussed topics related to racism or racial inequality at least sometimes. Around 4 in 10 teachers said the issues rarely or never came up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly two-thirds of teachers said students should learn about slavery and how it affects the lives of Black Americans today, while just under a quarter said slavery should be taught only as a component of history — without any bearing on the present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lin, the Pew report’s lead author, says it’s likely that school board policies, local politics, and state laws are influencing what teachers discuss, though the survey doesn’t measure those factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What should young kids learn about gender and sexuality?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Searching for Common Ground, a \u003ca href=\"https://today.usc.edu/controversial-school-topics-how-americans-really-feel/\">study released this week by a team\u003c/a> at the University of Southern California, researchers surveyed a representative sample of 3,900 adults, about half of them parents of school-aged children, and asked them about dozens of scenarios related to race, sexuality, and gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats were more comfortable than Republicans with almost every scenario, with independents and others roughly in the middle. But even Democrats were less supportive of discussing gender identity or asking students’ pronouns in elementary school than discussing racism or different family structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly half of all respondents thought it was appropriate for an elementary teacher to have a picture of their same-sex spouse on their desk. And almost as many were OK with elementary students \u003ca href=\"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/And-Tango-Makes-Three/Justin-Richardson/9781481446952\">reading a book\u003c/a> about two male penguins adopting a baby penguin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just 30% of respondents and only half of Democrats thought it was appropriate for an elementary classroom to display LGBTQ-friendly decorations, such as a Pride flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats were far more likely to want gay or trans children to see themselves reflected at school, while Republicans were far more likely to fear discussing these topics would change children, leading to them thinking they are gay or trans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The largest partisan examples seem to have to do with LGBTQ and family issues in elementary school,” said Morgan Polikoff, a USC education professor and one of the study’s lead authors. “Democrats think that kids can handle that and Republicans do not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More students feel comfortable discussing racism than LGBTQ issues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Students in grades 8-12 also tend to feel less comfortable discussing LGBTQ issues than issues of race and racism at school, and are more likely to say they shouldn’t be learning about them, the Pew report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a nationally representative survey of 13- to 17-year-olds conducted last fall, around 4 in 10 teens said they felt comfortable when topics related to racism or racial inequality came up in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only around 3 in 10 said the same about topics related to sexual orientation or gender identity. And just under half of teens said they shouldn’t learn about gender identity at school. That rate was somewhat higher for teens who identified as Republicans than Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 11% of teens, meanwhile, said they shouldn’t learn about slavery. Around half said they should learn about slavery and how it affects the lives of Black Americans today, while 40% said they should learn about slavery only in a historical context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black teens and teens who identify as Democrats were much more likely than white, Hispanic, or Republican teens to say they want to learn about how the legacy of slavery affects Black people today — a finding echoed among Black parents and Black teachers in other surveys.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Bridging these divides is tricky\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The University of Southern California study found strong support for public education across the political spectrum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a gap of nearly 39 percentage points between Democrats and Republicans on whether public schools should teach children to embrace differences. Nearly three-quarters of Democrats said yes, compared with just over a third of Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This underlying belief was a strong predictor of responses to specific scenarios. Those who said kids shouldn’t be taught to embrace differences also expressed more discomfort with race, gender, and sexuality being discussed in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Democrats on average think schools are exactly the place to do this — it’s one of the last places where everyone comes together regardless of their differences,” Polikoff said. “And Republicans don’t think that is an appropriate role for schools. And they think that because they perceive, in part correctly, that schools are a liberalizing force.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was broad support for parents having the right to opt their child out of certain lessons, but when researchers prompted respondents to consider downsides, such as their child missing out on the opportunity to learn critical thinking skills, support fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding the values that drive differences and building on common ground, such as agreement that children should read books by authors of color and learn about historic injustices, could lead to a healthier conversation than what’s happening now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to have this conversation,” he said. “Instead we have Ron DeSantis saying we’ll ban everything, and Democrats sticking their fingers in their ears and saying you’re all bigots.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Erica Meltzer is Chalkbeat’s national editor based in Colorado. Contact Erica at \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"mailto:emeltzer@chalkbeat.org\">\u003ci>emeltzer@chalkbeat.org\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>. \u003c/i>\u003ci>Kalyn Belsha is a senior national education reporter based in Chicago. Contact her at \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"mailto:kbelsha@chalkbeat.org\">\u003ci>kbelsha@chalkbeat.org\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2024/02/23/teachers-teens-not-at-ease-discussing-lgbtq-issues-in-school-survey-finds/\" rel=\"canonical\">Chalkbeat\u003c/a> is a nonprofit news site covering educational change in public schools.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Three new national studies find that teachers are self-censoring at high rates, and that students and teachers are more comfortable talking about race in school than LGBTQ issues.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1708961691,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":44,"wordCount":1732},"headData":{"title":"Politicians love to talk about race and LGBTQ issues in school. Teachers and teens, not so much. | KQED","description":"3 studies find that teachers are self-censoring at high rates & that students and teachers are more OK talking about race in school than LGBTQ issues.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"3 studies find that teachers are self-censoring at high rates & that students and teachers are more OK talking about race in school than LGBTQ issues."},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"Erica Meltzer and Kalyn Belsha, Chalkbeat","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/63250/politicians-love-to-talk-about-race-and-lgbtq-issues-in-school-teachers-and-teens-not-so-much","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2024/02/23/teachers-teens-not-at-ease-discussing-lgbtq-issues-in-school-survey-finds/\" rel=\"canonical\">originally published\u003c/a> by Chalkbeat. Sign up for their newsletters at \u003ca href=\"https://ckbe.at/newsletters\">ckbe.at/newsletters.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should elementary schoolers learn that people of the same gender can love each other? Do teens want to learn about how slavery’s legacy matters today? Should parents be able to opt their kids out of lessons they disagree with?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Republican-dominated state legislatures \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2021/12/17/22840317/crt-laws-classroom-discussion-racism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">limit how teachers talk about race\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2022/8/10/23298986/transgender-children-kids-students-rights-biden-lgbtq-title-ix/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">restrict transgender children’s access\u003c/a> to bathrooms and sports, and as school board elections turn on book bans and parents’ rights, three new national studies from the Pew Research Center, the research corporation RAND, and the University of Southern California’s Center for Applied Research in Education shed light on how teachers, parents, and students themselves think about these questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all the attention LGBTQ issues receive in national politics, teachers said topics related to gender identity and sexual orientation rarely come up. And many said they don’t believe these topics should be taught in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, large swaths of the public also don’t think gender and sexuality should be discussed in school, the studies found. However, there were wide partisan divides, as well as differences along racial and ethnic lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adults and teens felt more comfortable with teachers teaching about racism than LGBTQ issues. They were also more comfortable with teachers talking about past injustices than present-day inequality, and more comfortable with gay rights than trans rights. And they were more comfortable with any of these topics coming up at the high school level — though many teens reported their own discomfort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it is perhaps unsurprising that two-thirds of teachers in one study said they decided on their own to limit how they talked about potentially contentious issues. One reason: They feared confrontations with upset parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The topics of race and LGBTQ issues are often lumped together in discussions about these so-called ‘culture wars’ and how that’s playing out in K-12 education,” said Luona Lin, a research associate at Pew. But teachers and students actually “feel very different about these two topics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the major takeaways of the three new reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Many teachers are censoring themselves\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>More than a third of American teachers work in \u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/map-where-critical-race-theory-is-under-attack/2021/06\">states with laws restricting\u003c/a> how teachers talk about issues that are considered divisive or controversial. But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA1108-10.html\">study released this month by the research organization RAND\u003c/a> found local restrictions and teachers’ own fears are having an effect as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a survey of 1,500 teachers taken last year, two-thirds reported deciding on their own to limit how they talked about social and political issues in the classroom. Meanwhile, about half of teachers told RAND they were subject to either a state or local restriction. These limits could be formal, such as a school board policy, or informal, such as a principal’s comments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 80% of those who were subject to a local restriction said they had made changes to their teaching, regardless of state law. That should not be surprising, said Ashley Woo, an assistant policy researcher at RAND.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If your principal is telling you to do something, that is the person who is there with you at the school and can see what is happening in your classroom,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, more than half of teachers who were not subject to any restrictions said they had limited how they talked about certain topics, with self-censoring more common in conservative communities but still widespread in liberal ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A major reason teachers cited for limiting instruction, especially in communities with local restrictions, was a fear of confrontation with upset parents and that their administration would not support them if they faced a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>LGBTQ issues raised less often than racism in classrooms\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Though LGBTQ issues are prominent in local and national politics, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2024/02/22/race-and-lgbtq-issues-in-k-12-schools/\">a report released this week\u003c/a> reveals a striking finding: Most teachers say gender identity and sexual orientation hardly get discussed in class — and many teachers say they shouldn’t be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a nationally representative survey conducted last fall by the nonpartisan Pew Research Center, more than two-thirds of K-12 public school teachers said topics related to sexual orientation and gender identity rarely or never came up in their classroom last school year. Around 3 in 10 said the topics came up sometimes or often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half of teachers, meanwhile, said they thought students shouldn’t learn about gender identity at school, with an even higher share of elementary school teachers agreeing with that view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings come as \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2022/7/8/23198792/lgbtq-students-law-florida-dont-say-gay/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anti-trans legislation\u003c/a> creates a \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2022/10/25/23421548/lgbtq-students-mental-health-school-safety-survey/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more hostile environment\u003c/a> for \u003ca href=\"https://19thnews.org/2024/02/nex-benedict-oklahoma-lgbtq-community-resilience/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gender non-conforming youth\u003c/a> in many states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, more than half of teachers said they discussed topics related to racism or racial inequality at least sometimes. Around 4 in 10 teachers said the issues rarely or never came up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly two-thirds of teachers said students should learn about slavery and how it affects the lives of Black Americans today, while just under a quarter said slavery should be taught only as a component of history — without any bearing on the present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lin, the Pew report’s lead author, says it’s likely that school board policies, local politics, and state laws are influencing what teachers discuss, though the survey doesn’t measure those factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What should young kids learn about gender and sexuality?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Searching for Common Ground, a \u003ca href=\"https://today.usc.edu/controversial-school-topics-how-americans-really-feel/\">study released this week by a team\u003c/a> at the University of Southern California, researchers surveyed a representative sample of 3,900 adults, about half of them parents of school-aged children, and asked them about dozens of scenarios related to race, sexuality, and gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats were more comfortable than Republicans with almost every scenario, with independents and others roughly in the middle. But even Democrats were less supportive of discussing gender identity or asking students’ pronouns in elementary school than discussing racism or different family structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly half of all respondents thought it was appropriate for an elementary teacher to have a picture of their same-sex spouse on their desk. And almost as many were OK with elementary students \u003ca href=\"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/And-Tango-Makes-Three/Justin-Richardson/9781481446952\">reading a book\u003c/a> about two male penguins adopting a baby penguin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just 30% of respondents and only half of Democrats thought it was appropriate for an elementary classroom to display LGBTQ-friendly decorations, such as a Pride flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats were far more likely to want gay or trans children to see themselves reflected at school, while Republicans were far more likely to fear discussing these topics would change children, leading to them thinking they are gay or trans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The largest partisan examples seem to have to do with LGBTQ and family issues in elementary school,” said Morgan Polikoff, a USC education professor and one of the study’s lead authors. “Democrats think that kids can handle that and Republicans do not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More students feel comfortable discussing racism than LGBTQ issues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Students in grades 8-12 also tend to feel less comfortable discussing LGBTQ issues than issues of race and racism at school, and are more likely to say they shouldn’t be learning about them, the Pew report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a nationally representative survey of 13- to 17-year-olds conducted last fall, around 4 in 10 teens said they felt comfortable when topics related to racism or racial inequality came up in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only around 3 in 10 said the same about topics related to sexual orientation or gender identity. And just under half of teens said they shouldn’t learn about gender identity at school. That rate was somewhat higher for teens who identified as Republicans than Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 11% of teens, meanwhile, said they shouldn’t learn about slavery. Around half said they should learn about slavery and how it affects the lives of Black Americans today, while 40% said they should learn about slavery only in a historical context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black teens and teens who identify as Democrats were much more likely than white, Hispanic, or Republican teens to say they want to learn about how the legacy of slavery affects Black people today — a finding echoed among Black parents and Black teachers in other surveys.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Bridging these divides is tricky\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The University of Southern California study found strong support for public education across the political spectrum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a gap of nearly 39 percentage points between Democrats and Republicans on whether public schools should teach children to embrace differences. Nearly three-quarters of Democrats said yes, compared with just over a third of Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This underlying belief was a strong predictor of responses to specific scenarios. Those who said kids shouldn’t be taught to embrace differences also expressed more discomfort with race, gender, and sexuality being discussed in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Democrats on average think schools are exactly the place to do this — it’s one of the last places where everyone comes together regardless of their differences,” Polikoff said. “And Republicans don’t think that is an appropriate role for schools. And they think that because they perceive, in part correctly, that schools are a liberalizing force.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was broad support for parents having the right to opt their child out of certain lessons, but when researchers prompted respondents to consider downsides, such as their child missing out on the opportunity to learn critical thinking skills, support fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding the values that drive differences and building on common ground, such as agreement that children should read books by authors of color and learn about historic injustices, could lead to a healthier conversation than what’s happening now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to have this conversation,” he said. “Instead we have Ron DeSantis saying we’ll ban everything, and Democrats sticking their fingers in their ears and saying you’re all bigots.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Erica Meltzer is Chalkbeat’s national editor based in Colorado. Contact Erica at \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"mailto:emeltzer@chalkbeat.org\">\u003ci>emeltzer@chalkbeat.org\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>. \u003c/i>\u003ci>Kalyn Belsha is a senior national education reporter based in Chicago. Contact her at \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"mailto:kbelsha@chalkbeat.org\">\u003ci>kbelsha@chalkbeat.org\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2024/02/23/teachers-teens-not-at-ease-discussing-lgbtq-issues-in-school-survey-finds/\" rel=\"canonical\">Chalkbeat\u003c/a> is a nonprofit news site covering educational change in public schools.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/63250/politicians-love-to-talk-about-race-and-lgbtq-issues-in-school-teachers-and-teens-not-so-much","authors":["byline_mindshift_63250"],"categories":["mindshift_194","mindshift_21504"],"featImg":"mindshift_63252","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_63086":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_63086","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"63086","score":null,"sort":[1708426854000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"when-family-tree-projects-frustrate-students-community-maps-are-an-inclusive-alternative","title":"When family tree projects frustrate students, community maps are an inclusive alternative","publishDate":1708426854,"format":"standard","headTitle":"When family tree projects frustrate students, community maps are an inclusive alternative | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Nourishing-Caregiver-Collaborations-Elevating-Home-Experiences-and-Classroom/Qarooni/p/book/9781625316196\">\u003ci>Nourishing Caregiver Collaborations: Elevating Home Experiences and Classroom Practices for Collective Care\u003c/i>\u003c/a> by Nawal Qarooni © 2024 by \u003ca href=\"http://www.routledge.com/stenhouse-publishing.\">Stenhouse Publishers/Taylor & Francis\u003c/a>. Reproduced with permission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-63202\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/nawal-160x201.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"201\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/nawal-160x201.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/nawal.jpeg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">No doubt, you’re familiar with the traditional family tree project. My own kids come home with these year after year, a stenciled outline that they need to fill in with great-grandparents, grandparents, parents, and siblings. For my children, being raised in a two-parent household with strong connections to both sets of grandparents, this has been a fine project that goes fairly smoothly in each instance. A few phone calls to Mama Mahnaz and Abuelo get them the names of family members from Iran and Puerto Rico that they need. But as we know, all families are different. These family tree projects have the potential to be both frustrating for students and alienating to their caregivers. When I spoke with longtime educator and school leader Nefertari Nkenge, she shared such an example of frustration about her daughter’s experience, particularly around a “normed expectation of who lives in the house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would have just been Mom and her. But she made it about 12 brothers and sisters, and that made me grin. The teacher interrogated her and made her feel some kind of way. Jendayi considered her godsiblings who spend the night; I’m Mama Nefertari to all these children; my daughter calls their mothers Aunties — so she’s listing names. The teacher says, these are your siblings? The teacher just couldn’t understand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A more \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62672/using-picture-books-and-classroom-dialogue-to-honor-and-respect-students-name\">inclusive and culturally sustaining approach\u003c/a> would replace these experiences of othering and frustration. Nefertari contended: “Our family experiences — verbal tradition as an African people — it’s not something that’s going to be captured in a paper-and-pencil family tree. Nor is the respect we give our non-blood relatives, many of whom are elders we learn from. It would never get the depth of what I shared now, or what my daughter understood in the third grade. To visualize and draw illustrations of experiences with this large family — even though it’s just the two of us — it needs the narrative for us. For Black and Brown people, for you to see the depth of what we’re describing . . . in the end, I wanted to communicate: see how rich the narrative is in who we are? That is never captured in literacy assignments in schools, nor is it captured in the ways we give credence to it in our own traditional way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black, Brown and Indigenous communities, especially, have longstanding and deep understandings of the importance of the collective and, furthermore, the far-reaching relational ties that shape knowledge of ourselves and who we are. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nahwilet.com/\">Indigenous scholar\u003c/a> Shelbi Nahwilet Meissner \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/191twpmym1vKaLhqsF1DLnVgjBKsFkFs4/view\">writes\u003c/a>, “Kinship, as conceived of by Indigenous scholars, does not refer merely to hetero-nuclear families or biological relatives (\u003ca href=\"https://uwethicsofcare.gws.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/TallBear-Making-Love-and-Relations-Beyond-Settler-Sex-and-Family.pdf\">TallBear 2018\u003c/a>; \u003ca href=\"https://kylewhyte.seas.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Time-as-Kinship-April-2021.pdf\">Whyte 2021\u003c/a>). Rather, ‘kinship’ is used to describe the relationships between all entities that share responsibilities for one another.” And also, “Indigenous conceptions of kinship expand beyond Western conceptions of family and include relationships among humans, non-humans, animals, plants and spirits — these relationships inform Indigenous knowledge systems.” We can learn from these \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62784/how-incorporating-indigenous-knowledge-can-deepen-outdoor-education\">deeply rooted ways of being\u003c/a>. If we are to honor all families and their ways of being, we must design curricular activities with collective inclusivity in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-63087\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture1-160x186.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"215\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture1-160x186.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture1.png 354w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 215px) 100vw, 215px\">I imagine the objective of the original family tree exercise was never to fill in box after box in rote fashion but to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62762/how-parents-can-help-their-kids-feel-seen\">foster curiosity among children and conversation with their elders\u003c/a> around history, connection and contribution. An alternative that acknowledges a more nuanced reality of family structures, while, at the same time, speaking to a broader collective behind every child, would be a free-form community map, taking the same concept of illustrating connections between the child and those who have an impact on their lives, while still eliciting conversation between the students and adults around the history of connections. Community maps can thoughtfully tease out a literacy ideal we all appreciate, weaving a textured tapestry of unique individuals with myriad experiences toward a greater collective that is inherently beautiful \u003cem>because \u003c/em>of its nuances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-63088\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture2-160x121.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"151\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture2-160x121.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture2.png 437w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">Some people who have played an enormous role in raising me would never have shown up on a traditional family tree graphic organizer. Amu Hamid, with his ceaseless guidance, unending support and unconditional love, wouldn’t have had a place on a simple stencil, because he was my father’s sister’s husband. But the reality is, he was one of the people who raised me. I was one of his daughters. He piloted my daily decision making with compassion, care, and experience. If I were a student able to design the outline of my adult community, he would’ve shown up as the family giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get started with community map projects, you might offer students and their caregivers an open-ended set of ideas along with a few quick parameters and find this is plenty to inspire a variety of individual products. Leaving the process open allows for families to cocreate and coimagine with their children. And, when they share their final projects, I often marvel at folks’ oohing and ahhing, which almost always results in an even greater degree of imaginative iterating and dreaming of interesting projects further down the line. I generally make the following suggestions and leave the rest to them:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Visually represent the people in your collective who support you.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You’re welcome to use a tree form to guide you, but feel free to diverge from that template to represent your loved ones in the way that makes most sense to you.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Draw connections between the people in your life using visuals.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Just as my Amu Hamid had superhero-like individual strengths that contributed to our family collective as a whole, as students and their caregivers work on this project, invite them to highlight how different individuals have made them stronger together with prompts like:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Who is this person to me?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What makes them unique?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What talents do they bring to our family/group/community?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How does having them with us bring us closer and make us stronger?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What might our collective look like if we were missing this person’s contributions?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How did our loved ones who have passed contribute meaning to our family? How did they shape us? How might we keep their legacies alive?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do we ensure their memories are a continued blessing?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Dream big here. \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ScL1FxV4mGoavHwFZI8Zs22Ntj5SYjK-LXlQbKYDIOU/edit?usp=sharing\">Read aloud from books where families look different\u003c/a>. Prompt children to share with peers before brainstorming on paper. In one second-grade Chicago classroom, students discarded the tree image altogether and, instead, talked about who grows in their hearts after their teacher mentioned all the different contributors to her garden: bees, flowers, weeds, birds. All of those elements contribute to and nurture the garden’s vibrancy, just like all of the people in our hearts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These community maps can even be co-constructed with caregivers or orchestrated as a collaborative family project in schools, which is particularly impactful with siblings in multiple grades. They can begin on family literacy nights and end in a cumulative showcase, or they can be smaller-scale and more personal in nature. Either way, the conversations that ensue as a result of creating community maps are invaluable representations of a literacy ideal that ultimately frames much of what we aim to accomplish as teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"color: #212529;background: white\">Nawal Qarooni is a Jersey City-based educator, writer and adjunct professor who supports a holistic approach to literacy instruction and family experiences in schools across the country. Drawing on her work as an inquiry-based leader, mother and proud daughter of immigrants, Nawal’s pedagogy is centered in the rich and authentic\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-63089 alignleft\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"279\" height=\"175\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture3.png 637w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture3-160x100.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 279px) 100vw, 279px\"> learning all families gift their children every day. She and her team of coaches at NQC Literacy work with schools and districts to collectively grow teacher practice and children’s literacy lives. In addition, she is a member of the National Council for Teachers of English Committee Against Racism and Bias in the Teaching of English; she evaluates manuscripts for Reese Witherspoon’s LitUp program, which platforms historically underrepresented voices in publishing; and she serves on the Library of Congress Literacy Awards Advisory Board, which funds powerful literacy programming across the country. Nawal holds a Bachelor of English from the University of Michigan, a Master of Teaching from Brooklyn College and a Master of Journalism from Syracuse University’s Newhouse School. She won a New Jersey Press Association Award for her international reporting and transitioned into education as a New York City Teaching Fellow.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Family tree projects can alienate students from diverse family structures. Author Nawal Qarooni offers a more inclusive and culturally sustaining approach.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1708390288,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":1479},"headData":{"title":"When family tree projects frustrate students, community maps are an inclusive alternative | KQED","description":"Family tree projects can alienate students from diverse family structures. Nawal Qarooni offers a more inclusive and culturally sustaining approach.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"Family tree projects can alienate students from diverse family structures. Nawal Qarooni offers a more inclusive and culturally sustaining approach."},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/63086/when-family-tree-projects-frustrate-students-community-maps-are-an-inclusive-alternative","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Nourishing-Caregiver-Collaborations-Elevating-Home-Experiences-and-Classroom/Qarooni/p/book/9781625316196\">\u003ci>Nourishing Caregiver Collaborations: Elevating Home Experiences and Classroom Practices for Collective Care\u003c/i>\u003c/a> by Nawal Qarooni © 2024 by \u003ca href=\"http://www.routledge.com/stenhouse-publishing.\">Stenhouse Publishers/Taylor & Francis\u003c/a>. Reproduced with permission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-63202\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/nawal-160x201.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"201\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/nawal-160x201.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/nawal.jpeg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">No doubt, you’re familiar with the traditional family tree project. My own kids come home with these year after year, a stenciled outline that they need to fill in with great-grandparents, grandparents, parents, and siblings. For my children, being raised in a two-parent household with strong connections to both sets of grandparents, this has been a fine project that goes fairly smoothly in each instance. A few phone calls to Mama Mahnaz and Abuelo get them the names of family members from Iran and Puerto Rico that they need. But as we know, all families are different. These family tree projects have the potential to be both frustrating for students and alienating to their caregivers. When I spoke with longtime educator and school leader Nefertari Nkenge, she shared such an example of frustration about her daughter’s experience, particularly around a “normed expectation of who lives in the house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would have just been Mom and her. But she made it about 12 brothers and sisters, and that made me grin. The teacher interrogated her and made her feel some kind of way. Jendayi considered her godsiblings who spend the night; I’m Mama Nefertari to all these children; my daughter calls their mothers Aunties — so she’s listing names. The teacher says, these are your siblings? The teacher just couldn’t understand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A more \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62672/using-picture-books-and-classroom-dialogue-to-honor-and-respect-students-name\">inclusive and culturally sustaining approach\u003c/a> would replace these experiences of othering and frustration. Nefertari contended: “Our family experiences — verbal tradition as an African people — it’s not something that’s going to be captured in a paper-and-pencil family tree. Nor is the respect we give our non-blood relatives, many of whom are elders we learn from. It would never get the depth of what I shared now, or what my daughter understood in the third grade. To visualize and draw illustrations of experiences with this large family — even though it’s just the two of us — it needs the narrative for us. For Black and Brown people, for you to see the depth of what we’re describing . . . in the end, I wanted to communicate: see how rich the narrative is in who we are? That is never captured in literacy assignments in schools, nor is it captured in the ways we give credence to it in our own traditional way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black, Brown and Indigenous communities, especially, have longstanding and deep understandings of the importance of the collective and, furthermore, the far-reaching relational ties that shape knowledge of ourselves and who we are. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nahwilet.com/\">Indigenous scholar\u003c/a> Shelbi Nahwilet Meissner \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/191twpmym1vKaLhqsF1DLnVgjBKsFkFs4/view\">writes\u003c/a>, “Kinship, as conceived of by Indigenous scholars, does not refer merely to hetero-nuclear families or biological relatives (\u003ca href=\"https://uwethicsofcare.gws.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/TallBear-Making-Love-and-Relations-Beyond-Settler-Sex-and-Family.pdf\">TallBear 2018\u003c/a>; \u003ca href=\"https://kylewhyte.seas.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Time-as-Kinship-April-2021.pdf\">Whyte 2021\u003c/a>). Rather, ‘kinship’ is used to describe the relationships between all entities that share responsibilities for one another.” And also, “Indigenous conceptions of kinship expand beyond Western conceptions of family and include relationships among humans, non-humans, animals, plants and spirits — these relationships inform Indigenous knowledge systems.” We can learn from these \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62784/how-incorporating-indigenous-knowledge-can-deepen-outdoor-education\">deeply rooted ways of being\u003c/a>. If we are to honor all families and their ways of being, we must design curricular activities with collective inclusivity in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-63087\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture1-160x186.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"215\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture1-160x186.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture1.png 354w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 215px) 100vw, 215px\">I imagine the objective of the original family tree exercise was never to fill in box after box in rote fashion but to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62762/how-parents-can-help-their-kids-feel-seen\">foster curiosity among children and conversation with their elders\u003c/a> around history, connection and contribution. An alternative that acknowledges a more nuanced reality of family structures, while, at the same time, speaking to a broader collective behind every child, would be a free-form community map, taking the same concept of illustrating connections between the child and those who have an impact on their lives, while still eliciting conversation between the students and adults around the history of connections. Community maps can thoughtfully tease out a literacy ideal we all appreciate, weaving a textured tapestry of unique individuals with myriad experiences toward a greater collective that is inherently beautiful \u003cem>because \u003c/em>of its nuances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-63088\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture2-160x121.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"151\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture2-160x121.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture2.png 437w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">Some people who have played an enormous role in raising me would never have shown up on a traditional family tree graphic organizer. Amu Hamid, with his ceaseless guidance, unending support and unconditional love, wouldn’t have had a place on a simple stencil, because he was my father’s sister’s husband. But the reality is, he was one of the people who raised me. I was one of his daughters. He piloted my daily decision making with compassion, care, and experience. If I were a student able to design the outline of my adult community, he would’ve shown up as the family giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get started with community map projects, you might offer students and their caregivers an open-ended set of ideas along with a few quick parameters and find this is plenty to inspire a variety of individual products. Leaving the process open allows for families to cocreate and coimagine with their children. And, when they share their final projects, I often marvel at folks’ oohing and ahhing, which almost always results in an even greater degree of imaginative iterating and dreaming of interesting projects further down the line. I generally make the following suggestions and leave the rest to them:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Visually represent the people in your collective who support you.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You’re welcome to use a tree form to guide you, but feel free to diverge from that template to represent your loved ones in the way that makes most sense to you.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Draw connections between the people in your life using visuals.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Just as my Amu Hamid had superhero-like individual strengths that contributed to our family collective as a whole, as students and their caregivers work on this project, invite them to highlight how different individuals have made them stronger together with prompts like:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Who is this person to me?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What makes them unique?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What talents do they bring to our family/group/community?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How does having them with us bring us closer and make us stronger?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What might our collective look like if we were missing this person’s contributions?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How did our loved ones who have passed contribute meaning to our family? How did they shape us? How might we keep their legacies alive?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do we ensure their memories are a continued blessing?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Dream big here. \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ScL1FxV4mGoavHwFZI8Zs22Ntj5SYjK-LXlQbKYDIOU/edit?usp=sharing\">Read aloud from books where families look different\u003c/a>. Prompt children to share with peers before brainstorming on paper. In one second-grade Chicago classroom, students discarded the tree image altogether and, instead, talked about who grows in their hearts after their teacher mentioned all the different contributors to her garden: bees, flowers, weeds, birds. All of those elements contribute to and nurture the garden’s vibrancy, just like all of the people in our hearts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These community maps can even be co-constructed with caregivers or orchestrated as a collaborative family project in schools, which is particularly impactful with siblings in multiple grades. They can begin on family literacy nights and end in a cumulative showcase, or they can be smaller-scale and more personal in nature. Either way, the conversations that ensue as a result of creating community maps are invaluable representations of a literacy ideal that ultimately frames much of what we aim to accomplish as teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"color: #212529;background: white\">Nawal Qarooni is a Jersey City-based educator, writer and adjunct professor who supports a holistic approach to literacy instruction and family experiences in schools across the country. Drawing on her work as an inquiry-based leader, mother and proud daughter of immigrants, Nawal’s pedagogy is centered in the rich and authentic\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-63089 alignleft\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"279\" height=\"175\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture3.png 637w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2024/02/Picture3-160x100.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 279px) 100vw, 279px\"> learning all families gift their children every day. She and her team of coaches at NQC Literacy work with schools and districts to collectively grow teacher practice and children’s literacy lives. In addition, she is a member of the National Council for Teachers of English Committee Against Racism and Bias in the Teaching of English; she evaluates manuscripts for Reese Witherspoon’s LitUp program, which platforms historically underrepresented voices in publishing; and she serves on the Library of Congress Literacy Awards Advisory Board, which funds powerful literacy programming across the country. Nawal holds a Bachelor of English from the University of Michigan, a Master of Teaching from Brooklyn College and a Master of Journalism from Syracuse University’s Newhouse School. She won a New Jersey Press Association Award for her international reporting and transitioned into education as a New York City Teaching Fellow.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/63086/when-family-tree-projects-frustrate-students-community-maps-are-an-inclusive-alternative","authors":["4354"],"categories":["mindshift_21491","mindshift_194","mindshift_21385","mindshift_193"],"tags":["mindshift_21250","mindshift_21371","mindshift_21707","mindshift_21230","mindshift_21223","mindshift_21415","mindshift_444","mindshift_290"],"featImg":"mindshift_63105","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_63106":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_63106","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"63106","score":null,"sort":[1707703259000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"learning-from-student-language-instead-of-prohibiting-it","title":"Learning from student language — instead of prohibiting it","publishDate":1707703259,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Learning from student language — instead of prohibiting it | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last fall one of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/heymrsbond\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chanea Bond\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">’s ninth grade students told her that he was going to “SOB” next semester. She was confused. A quick Google search didn’t yield a definition that made sense to Bond. So, she asked her student to clarify. The answer? He was going to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/12/04/standing-on-business-meaning/71803593007/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">‘stand on business\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,’ a slang term used to express a person’s promise to take care of their responsibilities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This semester, Bond, who teaches in North Texas, created a lesson plan around the phrase “standing on business” to teach about connotation and prepositional phrases. By involving language that students use every day to learn new concepts in the classroom, “I position them as the experts in that language,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bond’s response to her students’ language contrasts with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60120/helicopter-teaching-how-using-student-feedback-can-help-with-that\">restrictive approach\u003c/a> that’s recently been a recent hot topic among educators on social media. Last month, a list of “prohibited language” from an anonymous educator was \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/heymrsbond/status/1744059371854696576\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">shared and reshared\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on X, sparking \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MattRKay/status/1745109113762202074\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">comments and criticisms\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Many of the terms and phrases on the list are rooted in African American Vernacular English or AAVE, popularized by Gen Z on TikTok and other digital platforms.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/heymrsbond/status/1744059371854696576\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instead of prohibiting language, Bond and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MattRKay\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Matthew R. Kay\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, an English teacher in Philadelphia, use inclusive and culturally responsive practices to connect with and learn from students – in both formal lesson plans and casual conversations. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Respecting and connecting to student language\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Wright, whose \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://kellywright5.wixsite.com/raciolinguistics/recent-publications\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> often focuses on African American language communities, AAVE is “the largest pool of innovation in our country and in the English language” and “it’s also the most studied variety of English,” she said. It’s important for teachers to recognize that and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60096/why-teachers-must-examine-their-own-ideologies-to-create-identity-affirming-classrooms\">learn how to notice differences without assigning stereotypes or negative ideologies\u003c/a> to certain behavior or language use in the classroom. For example, she pointed to the common use of the word “bruh” by students in a classroom as an entry point for thinking about the linguistic value in culturally specific student speech. “You can say the same thing in many different ways and places,” she said. “It’s absolutely part of writing and learning.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Wright, a student being told that “their sentences aren’t good enough,” or that they can’t communicate effectively with language that is culturally specific is “incredibly harmful.” This type of cultural devaluation from the education system can lead to what Wright calls linguistic trauma. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her first year of teaching, Bond noticed that there were many words and phrases that her students used that she didn’t understand. “I legitimately could not have a conversation with some of my students,” she said. Bond decided to position herself as a learner first in her classroom. “I never want [students] to feel any sort of shame or disregard for the language that they speak,” she said. “One of my biggest goals in English education, and specifically in writing, is to center my students as writers of their own stories.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Being curious about slang\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When teachers notice themselves having a negative reaction to slang, it can be a chance to pause and reflect on why. If the concern is about academic rigor or appropriateness for the assignment, Wright encouraged educators to “embrace the variation.” She added: “If your main concern is preparing students to write excellent essays you can do that without discouraging them.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asking for a simple explanation can go a long way. This is something that both Bond and Kay have done when confused about language in their classrooms. According to Kay, students are often generous when sharing the meaning behind the language that they use. Bond also said that asking for an explanation to a suspected inappropriate word or phrase will organically filter out the use of that word or phrase in the classroom. Educators can also use context clues if they are unsure of the meaning of a phrase or word, according to Kay. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Speaking to students in ways that they will identify with and understand lets Bond’s students know that they are active participants in language comprehension and acquisition. “I’m always, always, always, borrowing their language to communicate with them,” she said. According to Bond, if an educator isn’t engaging with students \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60114/how-prioritizing-acceptance-enables-young-people-to-learn-in-community\">as a member of their community\u003c/a>, they’re not just doing a disservice to students, but to themselves. By observing and participating in the language that students use, teachers can watch language “evolve in real time.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Similarly, Kay doesn’t see a point in policing the language that his students use. Instead he wants “kids to understand how language works and evolves and the role the language plays in our lives and our cultures.” Kay reflects this both in his everyday interactions with students and by structuring assignments to allow students to explore their own languages.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/MattRKay/status/1745109113762202074\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While he makes sure to show interest in what his students are saying, Kay also engages in playful banter when he recognizes a term from his generation being used incorrectly by his students. “I’m 40 years old, and I’m from Philly and from some of the same neighborhoods that the kids are from. And I’ll teach them. I’ll say, ‘Hey, you’re using that word wrong,” he said. According to Kay, scholars recognize the evolution of language. “Shutting scholarship down and banning the mechanism [of language acquisition]” is not a solutions-oriented approach, he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Wright acknowledged that educators have the freedom to determine what is and isn’t allowed in their learning environments, “those boundaries can’t cut across someone’s identity,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Learning through shared language\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wright said she supports the use of comparative language exercises in the classroom, where students are asked to find equivalents for a slang word they might use, like the word “bruh,” and explain those equivalencies and why they matter. Rather than assigning this task as a punitive measure to prohibit certain language in the classroom, the educator and students can engage in shared language and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60793/gholdy-muhammad-wants-teachers-to-see-the-world-as-curriculum\">learn from the diversity of language around them\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Depending on the learning level and age group of students, educators can also address appropriateness and flexibility of language with students by using what Wright calls the tools metaphor. A student might use language like a screwdriver, but in some cases when it comes to school you might need to use language like a hammer. By reinforcing the idea that different tools can be used in different ways and often simultaneously, students’ language variation can be celebrated.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bond incorporates chances for her students to explore their own use of language in classroom exercises, such as her start-of-semester check-in when she asks students to write about themselves in a language that feels comfortable. They also get a chance to see their language as canonical when Bond assigns them 10 minutes of free writing, which she doesn’t grade or review.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kay includes a memoir unit for his ninth graders, in which they cover topics like language, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62672/using-picture-books-and-classroom-dialogue-to-honor-and-respect-students-name\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">names\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and religion. During this unit he teaches students about the evolution of language and the differences between dialect, jargon and slang. Instead of banning certain uses of language, he encourages students to approach language differences and evolution within their assignments and classwork. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This year, Kay introduced the use of footnotes to his students if they use a phrase or word in their memoirs that their audience might not understand or recognize. “It’s all about the audience. There’s nothing wrong with that language, but will your audience understand it?” Kay said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kay, who used to teach drama, recommended improv activities like having students act as \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">translators to their peers’ selected use of a slang or dialectal term. The “translators” are asked to say the phrase or term for a different audience, which Kay said his students enjoy doing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bond does a similar exercise in her classroom. She uses skits, where students act out words or phrases, to learn new vocabulary. According to Bond, it’s important that students are internalizing the words in a context that makes sense to their lives.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Instead of prohibiting slang, teachers can use culturally responsive practices to connect with students and learn from how they talk to each other.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1708465518,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":1460},"headData":{"title":"Learning from student language — instead of prohibiting it | KQED","description":"Instead of prohibiting slang, teachers can use culturally responsive practices to connect with students and learn from how they talk to each other.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"Instead of prohibiting slang, teachers can use culturally responsive practices to connect with students and learn from how they talk to each other."},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/63106/learning-from-student-language-instead-of-prohibiting-it","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last fall one of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/heymrsbond\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chanea Bond\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">’s ninth grade students told her that he was going to “SOB” next semester. She was confused. A quick Google search didn’t yield a definition that made sense to Bond. So, she asked her student to clarify. The answer? He was going to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/12/04/standing-on-business-meaning/71803593007/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">‘stand on business\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,’ a slang term used to express a person’s promise to take care of their responsibilities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This semester, Bond, who teaches in North Texas, created a lesson plan around the phrase “standing on business” to teach about connotation and prepositional phrases. By involving language that students use every day to learn new concepts in the classroom, “I position them as the experts in that language,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bond’s response to her students’ language contrasts with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60120/helicopter-teaching-how-using-student-feedback-can-help-with-that\">restrictive approach\u003c/a> that’s recently been a recent hot topic among educators on social media. Last month, a list of “prohibited language” from an anonymous educator was \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/heymrsbond/status/1744059371854696576\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">shared and reshared\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on X, sparking \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MattRKay/status/1745109113762202074\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">comments and criticisms\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Many of the terms and phrases on the list are rooted in African American Vernacular English or AAVE, popularized by Gen Z on TikTok and other digital platforms.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1744059371854696576"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instead of prohibiting language, Bond and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MattRKay\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Matthew R. Kay\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, an English teacher in Philadelphia, use inclusive and culturally responsive practices to connect with and learn from students – in both formal lesson plans and casual conversations. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Respecting and connecting to student language\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Wright, whose \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://kellywright5.wixsite.com/raciolinguistics/recent-publications\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> often focuses on African American language communities, AAVE is “the largest pool of innovation in our country and in the English language” and “it’s also the most studied variety of English,” she said. It’s important for teachers to recognize that and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60096/why-teachers-must-examine-their-own-ideologies-to-create-identity-affirming-classrooms\">learn how to notice differences without assigning stereotypes or negative ideologies\u003c/a> to certain behavior or language use in the classroom. For example, she pointed to the common use of the word “bruh” by students in a classroom as an entry point for thinking about the linguistic value in culturally specific student speech. “You can say the same thing in many different ways and places,” she said. “It’s absolutely part of writing and learning.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to Wright, a student being told that “their sentences aren’t good enough,” or that they can’t communicate effectively with language that is culturally specific is “incredibly harmful.” This type of cultural devaluation from the education system can lead to what Wright calls linguistic trauma. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her first year of teaching, Bond noticed that there were many words and phrases that her students used that she didn’t understand. “I legitimately could not have a conversation with some of my students,” she said. Bond decided to position herself as a learner first in her classroom. “I never want [students] to feel any sort of shame or disregard for the language that they speak,” she said. “One of my biggest goals in English education, and specifically in writing, is to center my students as writers of their own stories.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Being curious about slang\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When teachers notice themselves having a negative reaction to slang, it can be a chance to pause and reflect on why. If the concern is about academic rigor or appropriateness for the assignment, Wright encouraged educators to “embrace the variation.” She added: “If your main concern is preparing students to write excellent essays you can do that without discouraging them.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Asking for a simple explanation can go a long way. This is something that both Bond and Kay have done when confused about language in their classrooms. According to Kay, students are often generous when sharing the meaning behind the language that they use. Bond also said that asking for an explanation to a suspected inappropriate word or phrase will organically filter out the use of that word or phrase in the classroom. Educators can also use context clues if they are unsure of the meaning of a phrase or word, according to Kay. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Speaking to students in ways that they will identify with and understand lets Bond’s students know that they are active participants in language comprehension and acquisition. “I’m always, always, always, borrowing their language to communicate with them,” she said. According to Bond, if an educator isn’t engaging with students \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60114/how-prioritizing-acceptance-enables-young-people-to-learn-in-community\">as a member of their community\u003c/a>, they’re not just doing a disservice to students, but to themselves. By observing and participating in the language that students use, teachers can watch language “evolve in real time.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Similarly, Kay doesn’t see a point in policing the language that his students use. Instead he wants “kids to understand how language works and evolves and the role the language plays in our lives and our cultures.” Kay reflects this both in his everyday interactions with students and by structuring assignments to allow students to explore their own languages.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1745109113762202074"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While he makes sure to show interest in what his students are saying, Kay also engages in playful banter when he recognizes a term from his generation being used incorrectly by his students. “I’m 40 years old, and I’m from Philly and from some of the same neighborhoods that the kids are from. And I’ll teach them. I’ll say, ‘Hey, you’re using that word wrong,” he said. According to Kay, scholars recognize the evolution of language. “Shutting scholarship down and banning the mechanism [of language acquisition]” is not a solutions-oriented approach, he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Wright acknowledged that educators have the freedom to determine what is and isn’t allowed in their learning environments, “those boundaries can’t cut across someone’s identity,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Learning through shared language\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wright said she supports the use of comparative language exercises in the classroom, where students are asked to find equivalents for a slang word they might use, like the word “bruh,” and explain those equivalencies and why they matter. Rather than assigning this task as a punitive measure to prohibit certain language in the classroom, the educator and students can engage in shared language and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60793/gholdy-muhammad-wants-teachers-to-see-the-world-as-curriculum\">learn from the diversity of language around them\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Depending on the learning level and age group of students, educators can also address appropriateness and flexibility of language with students by using what Wright calls the tools metaphor. A student might use language like a screwdriver, but in some cases when it comes to school you might need to use language like a hammer. By reinforcing the idea that different tools can be used in different ways and often simultaneously, students’ language variation can be celebrated.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bond incorporates chances for her students to explore their own use of language in classroom exercises, such as her start-of-semester check-in when she asks students to write about themselves in a language that feels comfortable. They also get a chance to see their language as canonical when Bond assigns them 10 minutes of free writing, which she doesn’t grade or review.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kay includes a memoir unit for his ninth graders, in which they cover topics like language, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/62672/using-picture-books-and-classroom-dialogue-to-honor-and-respect-students-name\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">names\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and religion. During this unit he teaches students about the evolution of language and the differences between dialect, jargon and slang. Instead of banning certain uses of language, he encourages students to approach language differences and evolution within their assignments and classwork. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This year, Kay introduced the use of footnotes to his students if they use a phrase or word in their memoirs that their audience might not understand or recognize. “It’s all about the audience. There’s nothing wrong with that language, but will your audience understand it?” Kay said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kay, who used to teach drama, recommended improv activities like having students act as \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">translators to their peers’ selected use of a slang or dialectal term. The “translators” are asked to say the phrase or term for a different audience, which Kay said his students enjoy doing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bond does a similar exercise in her classroom. She uses skits, where students act out words or phrases, to learn new vocabulary. According to Bond, it’s important that students are internalizing the words in a context that makes sense to their lives.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/63106/learning-from-student-language-instead-of-prohibiting-it","authors":["11759"],"categories":["mindshift_21445","mindshift_21512","mindshift_194","mindshift_193","mindshift_20874"],"tags":["mindshift_21015","mindshift_20803","mindshift_20779"],"featImg":"mindshift_63114","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_63035":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_63035","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"63035","score":null,"sort":[1706552175000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"a-secret-shelf-of-banned-books-thrives-in-a-texas-school-under-the-nose-of-censors","title":"A secret shelf of banned books thrives in a Texas school, under the nose of censors","publishDate":1706552175,"format":"standard","headTitle":"A secret shelf of banned books thrives in a Texas school, under the nose of censors | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>In the far, far suburbs of Houston, Texas, three teenagers are talking at a coffee shop about a clandestine bookshelf in their public school classroom. It’s filled with books that have been challenged or banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the books that I’ve read are books like \u003cem>Hood Feminism\u003c/em>, \u003cem>The Poet X\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Gabi, A Girl in Pieces\u003c/em>,” says one of the girls. She’s a 17-year-old senior with round glasses and long braids. The books, she says, sparked her feminist consciousness. “I just see, especially in my community, a lot of women being talked down upon and those books [were] really nice to read.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These students live in a state that has banned more books than nearly any other, \u003ca href=\"https://pen.org/press-release/pen-america-joins-seven-other-groups-to-support-lawsuit-to-overturn-texas-book-ban-law-as-unconstitutional/\">according to PEN America\u003c/a>. The Texas State Board of Education \u003ca href=\"https://www.keranews.org/texas-news/2023-04-19/texas-house-advances-bill-that-would-remove-sexually-explicit-books-from-school-libraries\">passed a policy in late 2023\u003c/a> prohibiting what it calls “sexually explicit, pervasively vulgar or educationally unsuitable books in public schools.” Over the past two years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hppr.org/hppr-news/2023-09-21/a-teacher-in-texas-was-fired-for-reading-from-an-anne-frank-graphic-novel\">Texas teachers have lost jobs \u003c/a>or been \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/transgender-student-texas-grapevine-podcast-rcna118116\">pressured to resign\u003c/a> after making challenged books available to students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teacher who created this bookshelf could become a target for far right-wing groups. That’s why NPR is not naming her, nor her students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to jeopardize our teacher in any way, or the bookshelf,” another teenager explains. Until recently, he says, he was not naturally inclined toward reading. But the secret bookshelf opened a world of characters and situations he immediately related to. “Just to see Latinos, like LGBTQ,” he says. “That’s not something you really see in our community, or it’s not very well represented at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secret bookshelf began in late 2021, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/28/1050013664/texas-lawmaker-matt-krause-launches-inquiry-into-850-books\">then-state Rep. Matt Krause sent public schools a list of 850 books\u003c/a> he wanted banned from schools. They might, he said, “make students feel discomfort, guilt, anguish, or any other form of psychological distress because of their race or sex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That made this teacher furious. “The books that make you uncomfortable are the books that make you think,” she told NPR. “Isn’t that what school is supposed to do? It’s supposed to make you think?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She swung into action, calling friends to support a bookshelf that would include all of the books Krause wanted banned. Then she enlisted a student to put it together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I went through the list and found the ones that I thought were cool,” he recalled to NPR over a London Fog latte. “And then she gave me her [credit] card and I bought them. It was a lot of gay books, I remember that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same student came out as trans to his family while in high school. “I wouldn’t call them supportive, so I had to do a lot of sneaking around,” he said quietly. Now 19, he’s graduated and works as a host in a restaurant while deciding on his next move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having these books, having these stories out there meant a lot to me, because I felt seen,” he said. Especially meaningful, he added, during a fraught time when Texas lawmakers banned transition-related care for teenagers. “Because of the way the laws are going for trans people especially,” he said, “it could be assumed that [my teacher is] grooming kids. And that would be terrible because that’s not what she’s doing at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR repeatedly reached out to former Texas lawmaker Matt Krause for comment and got no response. He is currently running for county commissioner in the Fort Worth area. The chief of communications for the public school district thanked NPR for “highlighting this very important topic,” but said, “we’re going to pass on this opportunity,” when asked to comment on how administrators are implementing policies around books that have been challenged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been seeing a climate of fear — and a variety of self-censorship — going on by school leaders or librarians who do not understand the implications of the law or are fearful for their jobs,” said Carolyn Foote. She’s a retired English teacher and librarian who co-created the activist group \u003ca href=\"https://www.txfreadomfighters.us/\">Texas FReadom Fighters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kasey Meehan of the free speech advocacy group \u003ca href=\"https://pen.org/\">PEN America\u003c/a> says she’s watched things in Texas escalate. She points to \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/sep/20/texas-teacher-fired-anne-frank-book-ban\">a teacher fired last year\u003c/a> for sharing a graphic novel with her students that showed Anne Frank having a romantic daydream about another girl. Another teacher \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/transgender-student-texas-grapevine-podcast-rcna118116\">featured on an NBC podcast\u003c/a> left her job under pressure after making literature available to students featuring a positive transgender character.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parents are taking books from schools and bringing them to police or sheriff offices and accusing librarians and educators of providing sexually explicit material to students,” Meehan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does make me nervous,” admitted the Houston teacher with the secret bookshelf. “I mean, this is absolutely silly that I am not free to talk about books without giving my name and worrying about repercussions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some point, she hopes, it will no longer have to be a secret. Earlier this month, the U.S. Court of Appeals blocked part of a recently passed state bill, known as HB 900, that would have required booksellers and publishers to rate any books sold to schools for sexual content. This was seen as a victory for freedom-to-read activists, but some of them noted to NPR that HB 900 still contains dangerously vague language about material prohibited in school and no clear guidelines about enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do believe that book banning is going to go away,” the teacher says, firmly. But for now she adds, “I intend for this library to just keep growing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+secret+shelf+of+banned+books+thrives+in+a+Texas+school%2C+under+the+nose+of+censors&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A teacher at a public school near Houston has a secret classroom bookshelf largely made up of challenged titles. Many of the books deal with race, sex and gender.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1706552175,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":1012},"headData":{"title":"A secret shelf of banned books thrives in a Texas school, under the nose of censors | KQED","description":"A teacher at a public school near Houston has a secret classroom bookshelf largely made up of challenged titles. Many of the books deal with race, sex and gender.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"A teacher at a public school near Houston has a secret classroom bookshelf largely made up of challenged titles. Many of the books deal with race, sex and gender."},"sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Becky Harlan","nprByline":"Neda Ulaby","nprImageAgency":"NPR","nprStoryId":"1222539335","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1222539335&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/29/1222539335/banned-books-high-school?ft=nprml&f=1222539335","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 29 Jan 2024 12:51:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 29 Jan 2024 07:01:12 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 29 Jan 2024 12:51:04 -0500","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/63035/a-secret-shelf-of-banned-books-thrives-in-a-texas-school-under-the-nose-of-censors","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the far, far suburbs of Houston, Texas, three teenagers are talking at a coffee shop about a clandestine bookshelf in their public school classroom. It’s filled with books that have been challenged or banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the books that I’ve read are books like \u003cem>Hood Feminism\u003c/em>, \u003cem>The Poet X\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Gabi, A Girl in Pieces\u003c/em>,” says one of the girls. She’s a 17-year-old senior with round glasses and long braids. The books, she says, sparked her feminist consciousness. “I just see, especially in my community, a lot of women being talked down upon and those books [were] really nice to read.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These students live in a state that has banned more books than nearly any other, \u003ca href=\"https://pen.org/press-release/pen-america-joins-seven-other-groups-to-support-lawsuit-to-overturn-texas-book-ban-law-as-unconstitutional/\">according to PEN America\u003c/a>. The Texas State Board of Education \u003ca href=\"https://www.keranews.org/texas-news/2023-04-19/texas-house-advances-bill-that-would-remove-sexually-explicit-books-from-school-libraries\">passed a policy in late 2023\u003c/a> prohibiting what it calls “sexually explicit, pervasively vulgar or educationally unsuitable books in public schools.” Over the past two years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hppr.org/hppr-news/2023-09-21/a-teacher-in-texas-was-fired-for-reading-from-an-anne-frank-graphic-novel\">Texas teachers have lost jobs \u003c/a>or been \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/transgender-student-texas-grapevine-podcast-rcna118116\">pressured to resign\u003c/a> after making challenged books available to students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teacher who created this bookshelf could become a target for far right-wing groups. That’s why NPR is not naming her, nor her students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to jeopardize our teacher in any way, or the bookshelf,” another teenager explains. Until recently, he says, he was not naturally inclined toward reading. But the secret bookshelf opened a world of characters and situations he immediately related to. “Just to see Latinos, like LGBTQ,” he says. “That’s not something you really see in our community, or it’s not very well represented at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secret bookshelf began in late 2021, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/28/1050013664/texas-lawmaker-matt-krause-launches-inquiry-into-850-books\">then-state Rep. Matt Krause sent public schools a list of 850 books\u003c/a> he wanted banned from schools. They might, he said, “make students feel discomfort, guilt, anguish, or any other form of psychological distress because of their race or sex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That made this teacher furious. “The books that make you uncomfortable are the books that make you think,” she told NPR. “Isn’t that what school is supposed to do? It’s supposed to make you think?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She swung into action, calling friends to support a bookshelf that would include all of the books Krause wanted banned. Then she enlisted a student to put it together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I went through the list and found the ones that I thought were cool,” he recalled to NPR over a London Fog latte. “And then she gave me her [credit] card and I bought them. It was a lot of gay books, I remember that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same student came out as trans to his family while in high school. “I wouldn’t call them supportive, so I had to do a lot of sneaking around,” he said quietly. Now 19, he’s graduated and works as a host in a restaurant while deciding on his next move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having these books, having these stories out there meant a lot to me, because I felt seen,” he said. Especially meaningful, he added, during a fraught time when Texas lawmakers banned transition-related care for teenagers. “Because of the way the laws are going for trans people especially,” he said, “it could be assumed that [my teacher is] grooming kids. And that would be terrible because that’s not what she’s doing at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR repeatedly reached out to former Texas lawmaker Matt Krause for comment and got no response. He is currently running for county commissioner in the Fort Worth area. The chief of communications for the public school district thanked NPR for “highlighting this very important topic,” but said, “we’re going to pass on this opportunity,” when asked to comment on how administrators are implementing policies around books that have been challenged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been seeing a climate of fear — and a variety of self-censorship — going on by school leaders or librarians who do not understand the implications of the law or are fearful for their jobs,” said Carolyn Foote. She’s a retired English teacher and librarian who co-created the activist group \u003ca href=\"https://www.txfreadomfighters.us/\">Texas FReadom Fighters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kasey Meehan of the free speech advocacy group \u003ca href=\"https://pen.org/\">PEN America\u003c/a> says she’s watched things in Texas escalate. She points to \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/sep/20/texas-teacher-fired-anne-frank-book-ban\">a teacher fired last year\u003c/a> for sharing a graphic novel with her students that showed Anne Frank having a romantic daydream about another girl. Another teacher \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/transgender-student-texas-grapevine-podcast-rcna118116\">featured on an NBC podcast\u003c/a> left her job under pressure after making literature available to students featuring a positive transgender character.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parents are taking books from schools and bringing them to police or sheriff offices and accusing librarians and educators of providing sexually explicit material to students,” Meehan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does make me nervous,” admitted the Houston teacher with the secret bookshelf. “I mean, this is absolutely silly that I am not free to talk about books without giving my name and worrying about repercussions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some point, she hopes, it will no longer have to be a secret. Earlier this month, the U.S. Court of Appeals blocked part of a recently passed state bill, known as HB 900, that would have required booksellers and publishers to rate any books sold to schools for sexual content. This was seen as a victory for freedom-to-read activists, but some of them noted to NPR that HB 900 still contains dangerously vague language about material prohibited in school and no clear guidelines about enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do believe that book banning is going to go away,” the teacher says, firmly. But for now she adds, “I intend for this library to just keep growing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+secret+shelf+of+banned+books+thrives+in+a+Texas+school%2C+under+the+nose+of+censors&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/63035/a-secret-shelf-of-banned-books-thrives-in-a-texas-school-under-the-nose-of-censors","authors":["byline_mindshift_63035"],"categories":["mindshift_194"],"tags":["mindshift_21516","mindshift_21657","mindshift_20646","mindshift_21255","mindshift_21339","mindshift_20564","mindshift_21284","mindshift_550","mindshift_21605","mindshift_21591","mindshift_21451"],"featImg":"mindshift_63036","label":"mindshift"},"mindshift_62965":{"type":"posts","id":"mindshift_62965","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"mindshift","id":"62965","score":null,"sort":[1705402857000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"when-adults-learn-about-trauma-informed-practices-students-can-recover","title":"When adults learn about trauma-informed practices, students can recover","publishDate":1705402857,"format":"standard","headTitle":"When adults learn about trauma-informed practices, students can recover | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"mindshift"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When students at Mercer County Intermediate School returned to in-person learning during the 2021-2022 school year, school counselor \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AmyRiley1994\">Amy Riley\u003c/a> noticed heightened anxiety among the third through fifth grade students in Harrodsburg, Kentucky. Riley attributed this change to isolation, economic disadvantage, and increased social media use during the pandemic. During remote learning – which lasted from March 2020 through June 2021 – some students would be home alone all day because their parents were essential workers; others told Riley that they had one or two parents out of work.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The strain, economically, on some of our families was intense and the kids knew that,” she said. When school was primarily virtual, Riley went from monthly in-classroom counseling lessons to no structured school counseling class at all.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It was really difficult. And honestly, for the first few weeks, I felt useless,” said Riley. So she decided to connect with her students over her YouTube channel. Riley took requests from students, like making slime or doing gymnastics, and fit those into counseling lessons. “There were kids who connected with me through my YouTube channel that would have never walked up to me at school and said anything to me or would have never come to my office,” said Riley.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prior to the pandemic, they had about one suicide threat assessment per month, which was, according to Riley, typical for a school with a student population of 600. However, during the 2021-2022 school year, when kids were back in school buildings, there were 52 instances of a child threatening suicide. “Before COVID, we had students who had gone through trauma” said Riley, “but after COVID, [suicide risk assessments] just skyrocketed.” This was a crisis and Mercer County Intermediate wasn’t alone.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10019926/#:~:text=Feelings%20of%20social%20isolation%20with,followed%20by%20depression%20and%20stress.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A study published by the Cambridge University Press\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in 2023 found that not only did the pandemic increase social isolation, but the social isolation that children ages 6-17 experienced dramatically increased their rate of diagnosed anxiety. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In order to address the sudden uptick in suicide threat assessments on campus, Riley read \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/aces/about.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the CDC’s Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and was struck by the connection between childhood trauma and health problems later in life. Trauma can be invisible, and one’s experience with it can vary; an event that might cause trauma to a certain individual might not cause trauma to another individual.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A schoolwide approach to trauma\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Riley saw the benefit of recognizing how childhood trauma – such as neglect, food insecurity, and homelessness – may manifest in the children around her, but decided against \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acesaware.org/implement-screening/stage-1-prepare-foundation/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">using the ACEs survey to collect data on students\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. “We thought it would be triggering,” said Riley.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instead, she chose to focus on educating the school staff and faculty about ACEs and the variety of outcomes and experiences of their students. They had the urgent goal of bringing down the number of suicide threat assessments and improve the mental health outcomes for all students.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to the CDC, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/aces/fastfact.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">one of the ways to mitigate ACEs\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is to “connect youth to caring adults and activities.” At Riley’s school, she and several colleagues went through a list of all students and matched them with a caring adult on campus, regardless of academics. This kind of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.edutopia.org/video/making-sure-each-child-known\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">adult-student matching\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a practice recommended by other educators.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While she recognized that teachers are a vital piece of a student’s experience in a school setting, Riley made sure to include other faculty and staff like bus drivers, custodians and lunchroom workers. “We are all on this journey of trying to help our students, helping the whole child,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She saw the difference a schoolwide program could make and said it was a necessity to improve the mental health and mental health response for all students.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As a school counselor, Riley is used to seeing students in her office, who use her sensory wall and de-escalation techniques to regulate their nervous systems and return to the classroom after a triggering event. While Riley tends to see students in her office who have already been triggered, the schoolwide approach is meant to train other adults to recognize and anticipate potential triggers to ensure that students are being cared for in all areas of their school environment. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Faculty and staff must also do things that seem obvious and appropriate in working with other people: like using a child’s name every day; no raised voices, ever; and having predictable daily routines. She found that these steps helped the kids better regulate themselves and created a more supportive environment.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Confronting alarming behavior can be tough for adults, too, so she recommended guided language – such as “[student name] is having a hard day” – for faculty and staff to use as a more caring way to alert other adults to concerns about a particular student instead of relying on labels or conjecture.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">These schoolwide practices are based on the national initiative by the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acf.hhs.gov/blog/2020/07/handle-care\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> U.S. Administration for Children and Families’ “Handle with Care” program\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. HWC provides a systematic approach to informing the responsible adults around children who have experienced a traumatic event or trigger. For Riley and Mercer County Intermediate School, this framework provided the benefit of communication without breaking down the necessary barriers of student confidentiality. According to Riley, the school’s student suicide threat assessments lowered from 52 to 14 in the following 2022-2023 school year thanks, in part, to this program.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Nashville, Tennessee, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/principalest?lang=en\">Mathew Portell\u003c/a> also saw an increase in suicide threat assessments and suicidal ideation in students as young as five during the 2021-2022 school year. Portell is the founder of the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tienetwork.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Trauma Informed Education Network\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and a former elementary school principal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Portell’s school resumed in person learning, he was disappointed in the state’s approach to the effects of the pandemic on students. It was “the opposite of what we wish would have happened in trauma-informed work,” he said, noting an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncja.org/crimeandjusticenews/school-suspensions-discipline-policies-ramp-up-after-covid-19#:~:text=2%20min-,School%20Suspensions%2C%20Discipline%20Policies%20Ramp%20Up%20After%20COVID%2D19,or%20talking%20back%20to%20teachers.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">increase in exclusionary practices and punishment\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. He and other educators had to manage \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59211/6-in-10-teachers-experienced-physical-violence-or-verbal-aggression-during-covid\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">disruptive behavior\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from both students and parents. “We have needed a trauma-informed paradigm shift for decades,” Portell said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We had higher percentages of kids that were coming back dysregulated, are feeling symptoms of stress, even depression, even trauma,” he continued. “There’s an idea that kids don’t know what’s going on; it’s not impacting them; they’re too little. It’s all misinformation. I mean, that’s just not how our bodies and brains operate.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As teachers in his network identified effective strategies to mitigate triggered student behavior, Portell found that routines and predictability made a big difference. “We know that [for] kids who have heightened senses of stress or trauma, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.trepeducator.org/consistency-and-predictability#:~:text=Consistency%20%26%20Predictability,-The%20need%20for&text=Consistency%20and%20predictability%20are%20imperatives,their%20lives%20outside%20of%20school.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">predictability allows the brain to get into a state of learning\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Supporting teachers to support kids\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What does it take for a schoolwide trauma-informed program to work? Riley said programs must be intentional and have buy-in from educators and school staff. Those programs must also have school-wide support beyond instructional periods, including during meal times and school bus rides.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“A big part of trauma-informed schools is making sure that the teachers feel grounded and supported,” said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AlexSVenet\">Alex Shevrin Venet\u003c/a>, educator, professional development facilitator and author of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/57646/how-unconditional-positive-regard-can-help-students-feel-cared-for\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Equity-Centered Trauma-Informed Education\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Portell recommends that school counselors and administrators start with a “why” when presenting a new trauma-informed practice program to teachers in order to shift their thinking. “Start with the adults” and create “systems of support that support the adults equally or as much as you support the kids,” he said. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One way Portell has supported teachers is by using what he calls a “tap in and tap out process.” Teachers would communicate via a text chain in the app GroupMe, keeping their phone numbers anonymous. A teacher might say, “I need to tap out,” in which case two other teachers would “tap in” and help with the students and offer support to the teacher. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Portell, like many other educators, noticed an immediate need for \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://teachbetter.com/blog/moving-from-self-care-to-collective-care/#:~:text=Collective%20care%20removes%20the%20responsibility,help%20you%20develop%20firm%20boundaries\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“collective care”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> after the first year of the pandemic. “Post-pandemic, post racial reckoning, post all of the increase of school shootings, there [was an] insurmountable, incomprehensible amount of stress on teachers,” said Portell. “We’re in a situation where we can’t just self-care our way out of where we’re in right now in education,” he added.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">By beginning with the “why” and emphasizing collective care, Portell was able to create buy-in from teachers. However, Portell also values positivity. “As a school culture, you have to have fun through this process. We’ve lost this idea of fun in the community,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Kentucky, Riley created a process for onboarding all staff and faculty involved in a student’s learning day including lunchroom workers and bus drivers. Implementing trauma-informed practices as a new and unfamiliar initiative takes some creativity, so here are some ways that Riley has achieved this: \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Changing discipline practices inside and outside the classroom\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Positive messages in bathroom stalls \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A sensory room \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Advanced notice of potentially triggering events\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Allowing access to animals for students on the campus farm\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Allowing for alternative ways for students to participate in assemblies\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A family resource center\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Awareness during natural disaster anniversaries\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">504s and IEP plans for trauma\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Portell recommends \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://revelationsineducation.com/the-book/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lori Desautels’ books\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Connection Over Compliance\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Intentional Neuroplasticity: Moving Our Nervous Systems and Educational System Toward Post-Traumatic Growth\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, both of which provide practical application strategies for trauma-informed practices. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first step a teacher can take toward trauma-informed practices is to start viewing disruptive or emotionally heightened behavior “skill gaps,” said Portell. He recommends that teachers build in “pause time” to their daily planning which can help to address students who might feel overwhelmed. This can be as simple as a morning meeting, or with younger learners, circle time for morning greetings. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another trauma-informed strategy that teachers can use in the classroom is to name and teach de-escalation strategies. Portell suggested looking up de-escalation strategy videos online. His favorites are simple breathing strategies, like \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-3n5iBi4u0\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">star breath\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIbBI-BT9c4\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">rainbow breath\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Once the students are taught these self-regulation strategies, teachers can post simple instructions in the classroom so that students can reference them when needed. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For little to no cost, teachers can also create space in their room for students to go when they are feeling overwhelmed. “We refer to them as peace corners,” said Portell.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Be who children need right now,” said Portell. “Meeting that child where they are is more important than the objective you’re trying to teach.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I see a trend that trauma-informed work is not only a necessity, it’s imperative,” he added. “If we know what we’re doing isn’t working, then we have to do something else.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Riley recently changed schools, and as she brings her trauma-informed practices to a new set of staff and students, her word of the year is “resilience.” Including educators in schoolwide trauma-informed practices is doable in many different ways, and allows for more mental health support in schools. According to Venet, “We’re normalizing talking about mental health and we’re normalizing different levels of support.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"After a rise in suicide threats, a school counselor in Kentucky started teaching everyone from teachers to bus drivers about trauma-informed practices.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1705096108,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1995},"headData":{"title":"When adults learn about trauma-informed practices, students can recover | KQED","description":"After a rise in suicide threats, a school counselor in Kentucky started teaching everyone from teachers to bus drivers about trauma-informed practices.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","socialDescription":"After a rise in suicide threats, a school counselor in Kentucky started teaching everyone from teachers to bus drivers about trauma-informed practices."},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/mindshift/62965/when-adults-learn-about-trauma-informed-practices-students-can-recover","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When students at Mercer County Intermediate School returned to in-person learning during the 2021-2022 school year, school counselor \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AmyRiley1994\">Amy Riley\u003c/a> noticed heightened anxiety among the third through fifth grade students in Harrodsburg, Kentucky. Riley attributed this change to isolation, economic disadvantage, and increased social media use during the pandemic. During remote learning – which lasted from March 2020 through June 2021 – some students would be home alone all day because their parents were essential workers; others told Riley that they had one or two parents out of work.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The strain, economically, on some of our families was intense and the kids knew that,” she said. When school was primarily virtual, Riley went from monthly in-classroom counseling lessons to no structured school counseling class at all.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It was really difficult. And honestly, for the first few weeks, I felt useless,” said Riley. So she decided to connect with her students over her YouTube channel. Riley took requests from students, like making slime or doing gymnastics, and fit those into counseling lessons. “There were kids who connected with me through my YouTube channel that would have never walked up to me at school and said anything to me or would have never come to my office,” said Riley.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prior to the pandemic, they had about one suicide threat assessment per month, which was, according to Riley, typical for a school with a student population of 600. However, during the 2021-2022 school year, when kids were back in school buildings, there were 52 instances of a child threatening suicide. “Before COVID, we had students who had gone through trauma” said Riley, “but after COVID, [suicide risk assessments] just skyrocketed.” This was a crisis and Mercer County Intermediate wasn’t alone.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10019926/#:~:text=Feelings%20of%20social%20isolation%20with,followed%20by%20depression%20and%20stress.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A study published by the Cambridge University Press\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in 2023 found that not only did the pandemic increase social isolation, but the social isolation that children ages 6-17 experienced dramatically increased their rate of diagnosed anxiety. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In order to address the sudden uptick in suicide threat assessments on campus, Riley read \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/aces/about.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the CDC’s Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and was struck by the connection between childhood trauma and health problems later in life. Trauma can be invisible, and one’s experience with it can vary; an event that might cause trauma to a certain individual might not cause trauma to another individual.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A schoolwide approach to trauma\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Riley saw the benefit of recognizing how childhood trauma – such as neglect, food insecurity, and homelessness – may manifest in the children around her, but decided against \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acesaware.org/implement-screening/stage-1-prepare-foundation/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">using the ACEs survey to collect data on students\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. “We thought it would be triggering,” said Riley.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instead, she chose to focus on educating the school staff and faculty about ACEs and the variety of outcomes and experiences of their students. They had the urgent goal of bringing down the number of suicide threat assessments and improve the mental health outcomes for all students.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to the CDC, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/aces/fastfact.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">one of the ways to mitigate ACEs\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is to “connect youth to caring adults and activities.” At Riley’s school, she and several colleagues went through a list of all students and matched them with a caring adult on campus, regardless of academics. This kind of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.edutopia.org/video/making-sure-each-child-known\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">adult-student matching\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a practice recommended by other educators.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While she recognized that teachers are a vital piece of a student’s experience in a school setting, Riley made sure to include other faculty and staff like bus drivers, custodians and lunchroom workers. “We are all on this journey of trying to help our students, helping the whole child,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She saw the difference a schoolwide program could make and said it was a necessity to improve the mental health and mental health response for all students.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As a school counselor, Riley is used to seeing students in her office, who use her sensory wall and de-escalation techniques to regulate their nervous systems and return to the classroom after a triggering event. While Riley tends to see students in her office who have already been triggered, the schoolwide approach is meant to train other adults to recognize and anticipate potential triggers to ensure that students are being cared for in all areas of their school environment. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Faculty and staff must also do things that seem obvious and appropriate in working with other people: like using a child’s name every day; no raised voices, ever; and having predictable daily routines. She found that these steps helped the kids better regulate themselves and created a more supportive environment.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Confronting alarming behavior can be tough for adults, too, so she recommended guided language – such as “[student name] is having a hard day” – for faculty and staff to use as a more caring way to alert other adults to concerns about a particular student instead of relying on labels or conjecture.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">These schoolwide practices are based on the national initiative by the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acf.hhs.gov/blog/2020/07/handle-care\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> U.S. Administration for Children and Families’ “Handle with Care” program\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. HWC provides a systematic approach to informing the responsible adults around children who have experienced a traumatic event or trigger. For Riley and Mercer County Intermediate School, this framework provided the benefit of communication without breaking down the necessary barriers of student confidentiality. According to Riley, the school’s student suicide threat assessments lowered from 52 to 14 in the following 2022-2023 school year thanks, in part, to this program.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Nashville, Tennessee, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/principalest?lang=en\">Mathew Portell\u003c/a> also saw an increase in suicide threat assessments and suicidal ideation in students as young as five during the 2021-2022 school year. Portell is the founder of the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tienetwork.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Trauma Informed Education Network\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and a former elementary school principal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Portell’s school resumed in person learning, he was disappointed in the state’s approach to the effects of the pandemic on students. It was “the opposite of what we wish would have happened in trauma-informed work,” he said, noting an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncja.org/crimeandjusticenews/school-suspensions-discipline-policies-ramp-up-after-covid-19#:~:text=2%20min-,School%20Suspensions%2C%20Discipline%20Policies%20Ramp%20Up%20After%20COVID%2D19,or%20talking%20back%20to%20teachers.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">increase in exclusionary practices and punishment\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. He and other educators had to manage \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59211/6-in-10-teachers-experienced-physical-violence-or-verbal-aggression-during-covid\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">disruptive behavior\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from both students and parents. “We have needed a trauma-informed paradigm shift for decades,” Portell said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We had higher percentages of kids that were coming back dysregulated, are feeling symptoms of stress, even depression, even trauma,” he continued. “There’s an idea that kids don’t know what’s going on; it’s not impacting them; they’re too little. It’s all misinformation. I mean, that’s just not how our bodies and brains operate.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As teachers in his network identified effective strategies to mitigate triggered student behavior, Portell found that routines and predictability made a big difference. “We know that [for] kids who have heightened senses of stress or trauma, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.trepeducator.org/consistency-and-predictability#:~:text=Consistency%20%26%20Predictability,-The%20need%20for&text=Consistency%20and%20predictability%20are%20imperatives,their%20lives%20outside%20of%20school.\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">predictability allows the brain to get into a state of learning\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Supporting teachers to support kids\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What does it take for a schoolwide trauma-informed program to work? Riley said programs must be intentional and have buy-in from educators and school staff. Those programs must also have school-wide support beyond instructional periods, including during meal times and school bus rides.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“A big part of trauma-informed schools is making sure that the teachers feel grounded and supported,” said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AlexSVenet\">Alex Shevrin Venet\u003c/a>, educator, professional development facilitator and author of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/57646/how-unconditional-positive-regard-can-help-students-feel-cared-for\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Equity-Centered Trauma-Informed Education\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Portell recommends that school counselors and administrators start with a “why” when presenting a new trauma-informed practice program to teachers in order to shift their thinking. “Start with the adults” and create “systems of support that support the adults equally or as much as you support the kids,” he said. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One way Portell has supported teachers is by using what he calls a “tap in and tap out process.” Teachers would communicate via a text chain in the app GroupMe, keeping their phone numbers anonymous. A teacher might say, “I need to tap out,” in which case two other teachers would “tap in” and help with the students and offer support to the teacher. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Portell, like many other educators, noticed an immediate need for \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://teachbetter.com/blog/moving-from-self-care-to-collective-care/#:~:text=Collective%20care%20removes%20the%20responsibility,help%20you%20develop%20firm%20boundaries\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“collective care”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> after the first year of the pandemic. “Post-pandemic, post racial reckoning, post all of the increase of school shootings, there [was an] insurmountable, incomprehensible amount of stress on teachers,” said Portell. “We’re in a situation where we can’t just self-care our way out of where we’re in right now in education,” he added.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">By beginning with the “why” and emphasizing collective care, Portell was able to create buy-in from teachers. However, Portell also values positivity. “As a school culture, you have to have fun through this process. We’ve lost this idea of fun in the community,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Kentucky, Riley created a process for onboarding all staff and faculty involved in a student’s learning day including lunchroom workers and bus drivers. Implementing trauma-informed practices as a new and unfamiliar initiative takes some creativity, so here are some ways that Riley has achieved this: \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Changing discipline practices inside and outside the classroom\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Positive messages in bathroom stalls \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A sensory room \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Advanced notice of potentially triggering events\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Allowing access to animals for students on the campus farm\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Allowing for alternative ways for students to participate in assemblies\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A family resource center\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Awareness during natural disaster anniversaries\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">504s and IEP plans for trauma\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Portell recommends \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://revelationsineducation.com/the-book/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lori Desautels’ books\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Connection Over Compliance\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Intentional Neuroplasticity: Moving Our Nervous Systems and Educational System Toward Post-Traumatic Growth\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, both of which provide practical application strategies for trauma-informed practices. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first step a teacher can take toward trauma-informed practices is to start viewing disruptive or emotionally heightened behavior “skill gaps,” said Portell. He recommends that teachers build in “pause time” to their daily planning which can help to address students who might feel overwhelmed. This can be as simple as a morning meeting, or with younger learners, circle time for morning greetings. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another trauma-informed strategy that teachers can use in the classroom is to name and teach de-escalation strategies. Portell suggested looking up de-escalation strategy videos online. His favorites are simple breathing strategies, like \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-3n5iBi4u0\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">star breath\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIbBI-BT9c4\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">rainbow breath\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Once the students are taught these self-regulation strategies, teachers can post simple instructions in the classroom so that students can reference them when needed. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For little to no cost, teachers can also create space in their room for students to go when they are feeling overwhelmed. “We refer to them as peace corners,” said Portell.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Be who children need right now,” said Portell. “Meeting that child where they are is more important than the objective you’re trying to teach.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I see a trend that trauma-informed work is not only a necessity, it’s imperative,” he added. “If we know what we’re doing isn’t working, then we have to do something else.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Riley recently changed schools, and as she brings her trauma-informed practices to a new set of staff and students, her word of the year is “resilience.” Including educators in schoolwide trauma-informed practices is doable in many different ways, and allows for more mental health support in schools. According to Venet, “We’re normalizing talking about mental health and we’re normalizing different levels of support.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/mindshift/62965/when-adults-learn-about-trauma-informed-practices-students-can-recover","authors":["11759"],"categories":["mindshift_21345","mindshift_194","mindshift_21358","mindshift_21280","mindshift_21579"],"tags":["mindshift_21448","mindshift_21105","mindshift_20999"],"featImg":"mindshift_62967","label":"mindshift"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/possible-5gxfizEbKOJ-pbF5ASgxrs_.1400x1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ATC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0018_AmericanSuburb_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0017_BayCurious_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/BBC_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/07/commonwealthclub.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Consider-This_3000_V3-copy-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/06/forum-logo-900x900tile-1.gif","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/FreshAir_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/HereNow_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/insideEurope.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/liveFromHere.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/Marketplace_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/mindshift2021-tile-3000x3000-1-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/ME_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/OOW_Tile_Final.png","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/10/Our-Body-Politic_1600.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/PBS_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/wp-content/uploads/sites/44/powerpress/1440_0010_Perspectives_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/planet-money","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"}},"politicalbreakdown":{"id":"politicalbreakdown","title":"Political Breakdown","tagline":"Politics from a personal perspective","info":"Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.","airtime":"THU 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/PB24_Final-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Political Breakdown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"11"},"link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"}},"pri-the-world":{"id":"pri-the-world","title":"PRI's The World: Latest Edition","info":"Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.","airtime":"MON-FRI 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/TheWorld_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world","meta":{"site":"news","source":"PRI"},"link":"/radio/program/pri-the-world","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/","rss":"http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"}},"radiolab":{"id":"radiolab","title":"Radiolab","info":"A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.","airtime":"SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/radiolab","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/","rss":"https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"}},"reveal":{"id":"reveal","title":"Reveal","info":"Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. The warmest, wittiest cocktail party - it's spirited and civil, brainy and boisterous, peppered with musical interludes. Fast paced and playful, it's the most fun you can have with language without getting your mouth washed out with soap. Our motto: It's not important to know the answers, it's important to like the answers!","airtime":"SUN 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/saysYou.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.saysyouradio.com/","meta":{"site":"comedy","source":"Pipit and Finch"},"link":"/radio/program/says-you","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/says-you!/id1050199826","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Says-You-p480/","rss":"https://saysyou.libsyn.com/rss"}},"science-friday":{"id":"science-friday","title":"Science Friday","info":"Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.","airtime":"FRI 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/scienceFriday.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/science-friday","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"}},"science-podcast":{"id":"science-podcast","title":"KQED Science News","tagline":"From the lab, to your ears","info":"KQED Science explores science and environment news, trends, and events from the Bay Area and beyond.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/powerpress/1440_0006_SciNews_iTunesTile_01.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"kqed","order":"17"},"link":"/science/category/science-podcast","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-science-news/id214663465","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2dzLmtxZWQub3JnL3NjaWVuY2UvZmVlZC8","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed-science-news","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/feed/podcast"}},"selected-shorts":{"id":"selected-shorts","title":"Selected Shorts","info":"Spellbinding short stories by established and emerging writers take on a new life when they are performed by stars of the stage and screen.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/selectedShorts.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/selected-shorts","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"pri"},"link":"/radio/program/selected-shorts","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=253191824&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Selected-Shorts-p31792/","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/selectedshorts"}},"snap-judgment":{"id":"snap-judgment","title":"Snap Judgment","info":"Snap Judgment (Storytelling, with a BEAT) mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic, kick-ass radio. Snap’s raw, musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. WNYC studios is the producer of leading podcasts including Radiolab, Freakonomics Radio, Note To Self, Here’s The Thing With Alec Baldwin, and more.","airtime":"SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/snapJudgement.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://snapjudgment.org","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/snap-judgment","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=283657561&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Snap-Judgment-p243817/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/snapjudgment-wnyc"}},"soldout":{"id":"soldout","title":"SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America","tagline":"A new future for housing","info":"Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Final-Tile-Design.png","imageAlt":"KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/soldout","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":3},"link":"/podcasts/soldout","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america","tunein":"https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vc29sZG91dA"}},"ted-radio-hour":{"id":"ted-radio-hour","title":"TED Radio Hour","info":"The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/ted-radio-hour","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"}},"tech-nation":{"id":"tech-nation","title":"Tech Nation Radio Podcast","info":"Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.","airtime":"FRI 10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/techNation.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://technation.podomatic.com/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"Tech Nation Media"},"link":"/radio/program/tech-nation","subscribe":{"rss":"https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"}},"thebay":{"id":"thebay","title":"The Bay","tagline":"Local news to keep you rooted","info":"Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/1440_0002_TheBay_iTunesTile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED The Bay","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/thebay","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"6"},"link":"/podcasts/thebay","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM4MjU5Nzg2MzI3","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"}},"californiareport":{"id":"californiareport","title":"The California Report","tagline":"California, day by day","info":"KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/12/TCR-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The California Report","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareport","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"9"},"link":"/californiareport","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1MDAyODE4NTgz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"}},"californiareportmagazine":{"id":"californiareportmagazine","title":"The California Report Magazine","tagline":"Your state, your stories","info":"Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.","airtime":"FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/77/2020/12/TCRmag-scaled.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareportmagazine","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"10"},"link":"/californiareportmagazine","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"}},"theleap":{"id":"theleap","title":"The Leap","tagline":"What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?","info":"Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/1440_0000_TheLeap_iTunestile_01.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Leap","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/theleap","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"14"},"link":"/podcasts/theleap","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM0NTcwODQ2MjY2","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"}},"masters-of-scale":{"id":"masters-of-scale","title":"Masters of Scale","info":"Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.","airtime":"Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/06/mastersofscale.jpeg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://mastersofscale.com/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WaitWhat"},"link":"/radio/program/masters-of-scale","subscribe":{"apple":"http://mastersofscale.app.link/","rss":"https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"}},"the-moth-radio-hour":{"id":"the-moth-radio-hour","title":"The Moth Radio Hour","info":"Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://themoth.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"prx"},"link":"/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/","rss":"http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"}},"the-new-yorker-radio-hour":{"id":"the-new-yorker-radio-hour","title":"The New Yorker Radio Hour","info":"The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.","airtime":"SAT 10am-11am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theNewYorker.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"}},"the-takeaway":{"id":"the-takeaway","title":"The Takeaway","info":"The Takeaway is produced in partnership with its national audience. It delivers perspective and analysis to help us better understand the day’s news. Be a part of the American conversation on-air and online.","airtime":"MON-THU 12pm-1pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/TheTakeaway_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/takeaway","meta":{"site":"news","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-takeaway","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-takeaway/id363143310?mt=2","tuneIn":"http://tunein.com/radio/The-Takeaway-p150731/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/takeawaypodcast"}},"this-american-life":{"id":"this-american-life","title":"This American Life","info":"This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.","airtime":"SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wbez"},"link":"/radio/program/this-american-life","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","rss":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"}},"truthbetold":{"id":"truthbetold","title":"Truth Be Told","tagline":"Advice by and for people of color","info":"We’re the friend you call after a long day, the one who gets it. Through wisdom from some of the greatest thinkers of our time, host Tonya Mosley explores what it means to grow and thrive as a Black person in America, while discovering new ways of being that serve as a portal to more love, more healing, and more joy.","airtime":"","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/TBT_2020tile_3000x3000-scaled.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Truth Be Told with Tonya Mosley","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.kqed.ord/podcasts/truthbetold","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr","order":"12"},"link":"/podcasts/truthbetold","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/truth-be-told/id1462216572","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS90cnV0aC1iZS10b2xkLXBvZGNhc3QvZmVlZA","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/719210818/truth-be-told","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=398170&refid=stpr","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/587DhwTBxke6uvfwDfaV5N"}},"wait-wait-dont-tell-me":{"id":"wait-wait-dont-tell-me","title":"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!","info":"Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.","airtime":"SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/waitWait.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"}},"washington-week":{"id":"washington-week","title":"Washington Week","info":"For 50 years, Washington Week has been the most intelligent and up to date conversation about the most important news stories of the week. Washington Week is the longest-running news and public affairs program on PBS and features journalists -- not pundits -- lending insight and perspective to the week's important news stories.","airtime":"SAT 1:30am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/washington-week.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/washington-week","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/washington-week-audio-pbs/id83324702?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Current-Affairs/Washington-Week-p693/","rss":"http://feeds.pbs.org/pbs/weta/washingtonweek-audio"}},"weekend-edition-saturday":{"id":"weekend-edition-saturday","title":"Weekend Edition Saturday","info":"Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.","airtime":"SAT 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/WE_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"},"weekend-edition-sunday":{"id":"weekend-edition-sunday","title":"Weekend Edition Sunday","info":"Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.","airtime":"SUN 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2021/10/WE_1400.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"},"world-affairs":{"id":"world-affairs","title":"World Affairs","info":"The world as we knew it is undergoing a rapid transformation…so what's next? Welcome to WorldAffairs, your guide to a changing world. We give you the context you need to navigate across borders and ideologies. Through sound-rich stories and in-depth interviews, we break down what it means to be a global citizen on a hot, crowded planet. Our hosts, Ray Suarez, Teresa Cotsirilos and Philip Yun help you make sense of an uncertain world, one story at a time.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/worldaffairs-podcastlogo2021-scaled.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.worldaffairs.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"World Affairs"},"link":"/radio/program/world-affairs","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/world-affairs/id101215657?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/WorldAffairs-p1665/","rss":"https://worldaffairs.libsyn.com/rss"}},"on-shifting-ground":{"id":"on-shifting-ground","title":"On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez","info":"Geopolitical turmoil. A warming planet. Authoritarians on the rise. We live in a chaotic world that’s rapidly shifting around us. “On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez” explores international fault lines and how they impact us all. Each week, NPR veteran Ray Suarez hosts conversations with journalists, leaders and policy experts to help us read between the headlines – and give us hope for human resilience.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/12/onshiftingground-600x600-1.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://worldaffairs.org/radio-podcast/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"On Shifting Ground"},"link":"/radio/program/on-shifting-ground","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/on-shifting-ground/id101215657","rss":"https://feeds.libsyn.com/36668/rss"}},"hidden-brain":{"id":"hidden-brain","title":"Hidden Brain","info":"Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain","airtime":"SUN 7pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"NPR"},"link":"/radio/program/hidden-brain","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"}},"city-arts":{"id":"city-arts","title":"City Arts & Lectures","info":"A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.cityarts.net/","airtime":"SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am","meta":{"site":"news","source":"City Arts & Lectures"},"link":"https://www.cityarts.net","subscribe":{"tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/","rss":"https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"}},"white-lies":{"id":"white-lies","title":"White Lies","info":"In 1965, Rev. James Reeb was murdered in Selma, Alabama. Three men were tried and acquitted, but no one was ever held to account. Fifty years later, two journalists from Alabama return to the city where it happened, expose the lies that kept the murder from being solved and uncover a story about guilt and memory that says as much about America today as it does about the past.","imageSrc":"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2019/04/16/white-lies_final_sq-b1391789cfa7562bf3a4cd0c9cdae27fc4fa01b9.jpg?s=800","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/white-lies","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/whitelies","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1462650519?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM0My9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/12yZ2j8vxqhc0QZyRES3ft?si=LfWYEK6URA63hueKVxRLAw","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510343/podcast.xml"}},"rightnowish":{"id":"rightnowish","title":"Rightnowish","tagline":"Art is where you find it","info":"Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Rightnowish_tile2021.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/rightnowish","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"kqed","order":"5"},"link":"/podcasts/rightnowish","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"}},"jerrybrown":{"id":"jerrybrown","title":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","tagline":"Lessons from a lifetime in politics","info":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/powerpress/jerrybrownpodcast.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"16"},"link":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/","tuneIn":"http://tun.in/pjGcK","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9zZXJpZXMvamVycnlicm93bi9mZWVkL3BvZGNhc3Qv"}},"the-splendid-table":{"id":"the-splendid-table","title":"The Splendid Table","info":"\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/splendidtable-logo.jpeg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.splendidtable.org/","airtime":"SUN 10-11 pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/the-splendid-table"}},"racesReducer":{"5921":{"id":"5921","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":158422,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.97,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Doris Matsui","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":89456,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tom Silva","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":48920,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Mandel","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":20046,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:00:38.194Z"},"5922":{"id":"5922","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rudy Recile","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Garamendi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5924":{"id":"5924","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":185034,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.07,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark DeSaulnier","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":121265,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katherine Piccinini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34883,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nolan Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":19459,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Sweeney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":7606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mohamed Elsherbini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1821,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:02:32.415Z"},"5926":{"id":"5926","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":153801,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lateefah Simon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":85905,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Tran","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22964,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Daysog","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17197,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Slauson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9699,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Glenn Kaplan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6785,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4243,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Abdur Sikder","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2847,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ned Nuerge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2532,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Andre Todd","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:22:36.062Z"},"5928":{"id":"5928","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":125831,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.14,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Eric Swalwell","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":83989,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Vin Kruttiventi","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":22106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alison Hayden","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11928,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luis Reynoso","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7808,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:51:36.366Z"},"5930":{"id":"5930","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":181938,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sam Liccardo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":38455,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Joe Simitian","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30222,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Evan Low","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30218,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Ohtaki","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Dixon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14656,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rishi Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12355,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karl Ryan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11541,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Julie Lythcott-Haims","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11374,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ahmed Mostafa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5800,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Greg Tanaka","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2418,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joby Bernstein","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1650,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:32:05.002Z"},"5931":{"id":"5931","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":117534,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.92,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ro Khanna","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73941,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anita Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31539,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ritesh Tandon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5728,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mario Ramirez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4491,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Dehn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":1835,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T01:50:53.956Z"},"5932":{"id":"5932","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":96302,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.93,"eevp":98.83,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Zoe Lofgren","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":49323,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Peter Hernandez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31622,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Charlene Nijmeh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":10614,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Lawrence Milan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2712,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luele Kifle","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2031,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:26:02.706Z"},"5963":{"id":"5963","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":139085,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.62,"eevp":98.6,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Greer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38079,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Rogers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":27126,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rusty Hicks","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25615,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ariel Kelley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Frankie Myers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17694,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ted Williams","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9550,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Click","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1538,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-22T21:38:36.711Z"},"5972":{"id":"5972","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":99775,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lori Wilson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":50085,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dave Ennis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":26074,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Wanda Wallis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14638,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeffrey Flack","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8978,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T02:01:24.524Z"},"5973":{"id":"5973","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":143532,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Damon Connolly","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":111275,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andy Podshadley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17240,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Eryn Cervantes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15017,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:25:32.262Z"},"5975":{"id":"5975","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":106997,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.06,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Buffy Wicks","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":78678,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Margot Smith","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18251,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Utkarsh Jain","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":10068,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:30:34.539Z"},"5976":{"id":"5976","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":97144,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.98,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sonia Ledo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":30946,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anamarie Farias","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":29512,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Monica Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":24775,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karen Mitchoff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11911,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T00:19:38.858Z"},"5977":{"id":"5977","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joseph Rubay","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rebecca Bauer-Kahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5978":{"id":"5978","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":111003,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Haney","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":90915,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Manuel Noris-Barrera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13843,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Otto Duke","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6245,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:36:19.697Z"},"5979":{"id":"5979","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":86008,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.1,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mia Bonta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andre Sandford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":4575,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mindy Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4389,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cheyenne Kenney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T08:03:23.729Z"},"5980":{"id":"5980","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":113959,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.8,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Catherine Stefani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":64960,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":33035,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nadia Flamenco","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":8335,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Arjun Sodhani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-11T23:50:23.109Z"},"5981":{"id":"5981","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 20","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Ortega","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5982":{"id":"5982","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 21","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Gilham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Diane Papan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5984":{"id":"5984","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 23","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":116963,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Marc Berman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":67106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lydia Kou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":23699,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Gus Mattammal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13277,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Allan Marson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12881,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:13:06.280Z"},"5987":{"id":"5987","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 26","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":72753,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Patrick Ahrens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25036,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tara Sreekrishnan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19600,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sophie Song","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15954,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Omar Din","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8772,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bob Goodwyn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":2170,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ashish Garg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1221,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T21:06:29.070Z"},"5989":{"id":"5989","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 28","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Gail Pellerin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Liz Lawler","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6010":{"id":"6010","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 49","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Fong","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Long Liu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6018":{"id":"6018","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":229348,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.05,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jared Huffman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":169005,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Coulombe","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":37372,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tief Gibbs","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18437,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jolian Kangas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":3166,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Brisendine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1368,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:46:10.103Z"},"6020":{"id":"6020","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":187640,"precinctsReportPercentage":96.32,"eevp":96.36,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":118147,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Munn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":56232,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andrew Engdahl","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11202,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Niket Patwardhan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":2059,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:30:57.980Z"},"6025":{"id":"6025","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":121271,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.17,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Harder","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":60396,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Lincoln","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":36346,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John McBride","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15525,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Khalid Jafri","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:49:44.113Z"},"6031":{"id":"6031","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Anna Kramer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Mullin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6035":{"id":"6035","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":203670,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.11,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jimmy Panetta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":132540,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jason Anderson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":58120,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sean Dougherty","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Grn","voteCount":13010,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:23:46.779Z"},"6066":{"id":"6066","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jamie Gallagher","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Aaron Draper","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6067":{"id":"6067","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Cecilia Aguiar-Curry","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6087":{"id":"6087","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 24","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":66643,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alex Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45544,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Brunton","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14951,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marti Souza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6148,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T23:23:49.770Z"},"6088":{"id":"6088","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 25","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":69560,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.31,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ash Kalra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":35821,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ted Stroll","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18255,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lan Ngo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":15484,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T02:40:57.200Z"},"6092":{"id":"6092","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 29","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Robert Rivas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"J.W. Paine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6223":{"id":"6223","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 46","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:16 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lou Correa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Pan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6530":{"id":"6530","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":222193,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Thom Bogue","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":61776,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christopher Cabaldon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":59041,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rozzana Verder-Aliga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45546,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jackie Elward","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41127,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jimih Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14703,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:24:31.539Z"},"6531":{"id":"6531","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":171623,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jim Shoemaker","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":74935,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jerry McNerney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":57040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Carlos Villapudua","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":39648,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T20:07:46.382Z"},"6532":{"id":"6532","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":192446,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.72,"eevp":98.78,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jesse Arreguín","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61837,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jovanka Beckles","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34025,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dan Kalb","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28842,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Kathryn Lybarger","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28041,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sandre Swanson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22862,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeanne Solnordal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16839,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:58:11.533Z"},"6533":{"id":"6533","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tim Grayson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marisol Rubio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6534":{"id":"6534","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":228260,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Scott Wiener","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":166592,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Yvette Corkrean","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34438,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Cravens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18513,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jing Xiong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":8717,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T02:01:51.597Z"},"6535":{"id":"6535","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":227191,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Becker","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":167127,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alexander Glew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":42788,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christina Laskowski","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17276,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:56:24.964Z"},"6536":{"id":"6536","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":180231,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.81,"eevp":98.95,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dave Cortese","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":124440,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Robert Howell","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34173,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Loaiza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":21618,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T01:15:45.365Z"},"6548":{"id":"6548","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 39","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:55 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Akilah Weber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Divine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6611":{"id":"6611","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":188732,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.89,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Nancy Pelosi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":138285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bruce Lou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marjorie Mikels","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9363,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bianca Von Krieg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":7634,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Zeng","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6607,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Boyce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4325,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Larry Nichelson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3482,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eve Del Castello","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2751,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:31:55.445Z"},"8589":{"id":"8589","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7276537,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2299507,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2292414,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1115606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":714408,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":240723,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Bradley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":98180,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61755,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sharleta Bassett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":54422,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sarah Liew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Laura Garza ","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":34320,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Reiss","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34056,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gail Lightfoot","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":33046,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Denice Gary-Pandol","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":25494,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Macauley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23168,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Harmesh Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21522,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Peterson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21076,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Douglas Pierce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19371,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Major Singh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":16965,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"John Rose","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14577,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Perry Pound","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14134,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Raji Rab","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":13558,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mark Ruzon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":13429,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Forrest Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":13027,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stefan Simchowitz","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12717,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Martin Veprauskas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9714,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Don Grundmann","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":6582,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T05:01:46.589Z"},"8686":{"id":"8686","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":3589127,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:48 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Biden","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":3200188,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marianne Williamson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":145690,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Dean Phillips","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":99981,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Armando Perez-Serrato","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":42925,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gabriel Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41261,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"President Boddie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25373,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Lyons","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21008,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eban Cambridge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12701,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:12:27.559Z"},"8688":{"id":"8688","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":2466569,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Donald Trump","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":1953947,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nikki Haley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":430792,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ron DeSantis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":35581,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Chris Christie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":20164,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Vivek Ramaswamy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11069,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rachel Swift","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4231,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Stuckenberg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3895,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ryan Binkley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Asa Hutchinson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3327,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:13:19.766Z"},"81993":{"id":"81993","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I Unexpired Term","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7358837,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2444940,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2155146,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1269194,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":863278,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":448788,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":109421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":68070,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:31:08.186Z"},"82014":{"id":"82014","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"Proposition, 1 - Behavioral Health Services Program","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":7221972,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3624998,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3596974,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:11:06.265Z"},"timeLoaded":"March 29, 2024 4:16 AM","nationalRacesLoaded":true,"localRacesLoaded":true,"overrides":[{"id":"5921","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5922","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5924","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5926","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/congress-12th-district"},{"id":"5928","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5930","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/congress-16th-district"},{"id":"5931","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5932","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5963","raceName":"State Assembly, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5972","raceName":"State Assembly, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5973","raceName":"State Assembly, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5975","raceName":"State Assembly, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5976","raceName":"State Assembly, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/state-assembly"},{"id":"5977","raceName":"State Assembly, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5978","raceName":"State Assembly, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5979","raceName":"State Assembly, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5980","raceName":"State Assembly, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5981","raceName":"State Assembly, District 20","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5982","raceName":"State Assembly, District 21","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5984","raceName":"State Assembly, District 23","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-assembly-23rd-district"},{"id":"5987","raceName":"State Assembly, District 26","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/state-assembly-26th-district"},{"id":"5989","raceName":"State Assembly, District 28","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6010","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6018","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6020","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6025","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6031","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6035","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6067","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6087","raceName":"State Assembly, District 24","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6088","raceName":"State Assembly, District 25","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6092","raceName":"State Assembly, District 29","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6223","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6530","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-3rd-district"},{"id":"6531","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6532","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-7th-district"},{"id":"6533","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6534","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6535","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6536","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6611","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"8589","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Full Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/senator"},{"id":"8686","raceName":"California Democratic Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 496 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/president/democrat"},{"id":"8688","raceName":"California Republican Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 169 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://kqed.org/elections/results/president/republican"},{"id":"81993","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Partial/Unexpired Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election."},{"id":"82014","raceName":"Proposition 1","raceDescription":"Bond and mental health reforms. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/proposition-1"}],"AlamedaJudge5":{"id":"AlamedaJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":200323,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Terry Wiley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":200323}]},"AlamedaJudge12":{"id":"AlamedaJudge12","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":240510,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Fickes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132830},{"candidateName":"Michael P. Johnson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107680}]},"AlamedaBoard2":{"id":"AlamedaBoard2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":33526,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Lewis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6928},{"candidateName":"Angela Normand","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":26598}]},"AlamedaBoard5":{"id":"AlamedaBoard5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":26032,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Guadalupe \"Lupe\" Angulo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7508},{"candidateName":"Janevette Cole","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13313},{"candidateName":"Joe Orlando Ramos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5211}]},"AlamedaBoard6":{"id":"AlamedaBoard6","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 6","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":30807,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Guerrero","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9964},{"candidateName":"Eileen McDonald","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20843}]},"AlamedaSup1":{"id":"AlamedaSup1","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":40987,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Haubert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40987}]},"AlamedaSup2":{"id":"AlamedaSup2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":30978,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Elisa Márquez","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30978}]},"AlamedaSup4":{"id":"AlamedaSup4","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":56948,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jennifer Esteen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22371},{"candidateName":"Nate Miley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34577}]},"AlamedaSup5":{"id":"AlamedaSup5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":80942,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ben Bartlett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13499},{"candidateName":"Nikki Fortunato Bas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":27555},{"candidateName":"John J. Bauters","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":16763},{"candidateName":"Ken Berrick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7508},{"candidateName":"Omar Farmer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1238},{"candidateName":"Gregory Hodge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3417},{"candidateName":"Chris Moore","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7412},{"candidateName":"Gerald Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":305},{"candidateName":"Lorrel Plimier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3245}]},"AlamedaBoard7":{"id":"AlamedaBoard7","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Flood Control & Water Conservation District Director, Zone 7, Full Term","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":134216,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alan Burnham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15710},{"candidateName":"Sandy Figuers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22435},{"candidateName":"Laurene K. Green","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30310},{"candidateName":"Kathy Narum","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23815},{"candidateName":"Seema Badar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7456},{"candidateName":"Catherine Brown","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34490}]},"AlamedaAuditor":{"id":"AlamedaAuditor","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Oakland Auditor","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":59132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Houston","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59132}]},"AlamedaMeasureA":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Civil service. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":281953,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":167675},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":114278}]},"AlamedaMeasureB":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Recall rules. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":282299,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":181965},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":100334}]},"AlamedaMeasureD":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Oakland. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":79681,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59767},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19914}]},"AlamedaMeasureE":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Alameda Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":22648,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17246},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5402}]},"AlamedaMeasureF":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"Piedmont. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":4848,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3670},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1178}]},"AlamedaMeasureG":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Albany Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":5886,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4640},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1246}]},"AlamedaMeasureH":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Berkeley Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":33290,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":29379},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3911}]},"AlamedaMeasureI":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Hayward Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":21895,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14122},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7773}]},"AlamedaMeasureJ":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureJ","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure J","raceDescription":"San Leandro Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:04 PM","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","totalVotes":12321,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7773},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4548}]},"CCD2":{"id":"CCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":45776,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Candace Andersen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":45776}]},"CCD3":{"id":"CCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":25120,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Diane Burgis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":25120}]},"CCD5":{"id":"CCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":37045,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Barbanica","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14338},{"candidateName":"Jelani Killings","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5683},{"candidateName":"Shanelle Scales-Preston","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12993},{"candidateName":"Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4031}]},"CCMeasureA":{"id":"CCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Martinez. Appoint City Clerk. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":11513,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7554},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3959}]},"CCMeasureB":{"id":"CCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Antioch Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17971,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10397},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7574}]},"CCMeasureC":{"id":"CCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":9230,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6917},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2313}]},"CCMeasureD":{"id":"CCMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Moraga School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":6007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4052},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1955}]},"MarinD2":{"id":"MarinD2","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":18466,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Brian Colbert","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7971},{"candidateName":"Heather McPhail Sridharan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4851},{"candidateName":"Ryan O'Neil","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2647},{"candidateName":"Gabe Paulson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2997}]},"MarinD3":{"id":"MarinD3","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":13274,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Moulton-Peters","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13274}]},"MarinD4":{"id":"MarinD4","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12986,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dennis Rodoni","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10086},{"candidateName":"Francis Drouillard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2900}]},"MarinLarkspurCC":{"id":"MarinLarkspurCC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Larkspur City Council (Short Term)","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4176,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Andre","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2514},{"candidateName":"Claire Paquette","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1008},{"candidateName":"Lana Scott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":654}]},"MarinRossCouncil":{"id":"MarinRossCouncil","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Ross Town Council","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1740,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Charles William \"Bill\" Kircher, Jr.","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":536},{"candidateName":"Mathew Salter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":502},{"candidateName":"Shadi Aboukhater","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":187},{"candidateName":"Teri Dowling","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":515}]},"MarinMeasureA":{"id":"MarinMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Tamalpais Union High School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":45345,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24376},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20969}]},"MarinMeasureB":{"id":"MarinMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":62},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":70}]},"MarinMeasureC":{"id":"MarinMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Belvedere. Appropriation limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":870,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureD":{"id":"MarinMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Larkspur. Rent stabilization. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-d","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4955,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2573},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2382}]},"MarinMeasureE":{"id":"MarinMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Ross. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":874,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":683},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureF":{"id":"MarinMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"San Anselmo. Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":5193,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2110}]},"MarinMeasureG":{"id":"MarinMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Bel Marin Keys Community Services District. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":830,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":661},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":169}]},"MarinMeasureH":{"id":"MarinMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, fire protection. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1738,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1369},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":369}]},"MarinMeasureI":{"id":"MarinMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, parks. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1735,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1336},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":399}]},"NapaD2":{"id":"NapaD2","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:52 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":8351,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Alessio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6340},{"candidateName":"Doris Gentry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2011}]},"NapaD4":{"id":"NapaD4","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:52 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":7306,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Amber Manfree","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913},{"candidateName":"Pete Mott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3393}]},"NapaD5":{"id":"NapaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:52 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":5356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mariam Aboudamous","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2379},{"candidateName":"Belia Ramos","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2977}]},"NapaMeasureD":{"id":"NapaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Howell Mountain Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:52 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":741,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":367},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":374}]},"NapaMeasureU":{"id":"NapaMeasureU","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Lake Berryessa Resort Improvement District. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:52 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":86,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":63},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23}]},"NapaMeasureU1":{"id":"NapaMeasureU1","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Yountville. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:52 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":793},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132}]},"SFJudge1":{"id":"SFJudge1","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-1","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202960,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Begert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":124943},{"candidateName":"Chip Zecher","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":78017}]},"SFJudge13":{"id":"SFJudge13","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 13","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-13","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202386,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jean Myungjin Roland","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":90012},{"candidateName":"Patrick S. Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":112374}]},"SFPropA":{"id":"SFPropA","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition A","raceDescription":"Housing bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":225187,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":158497},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":66690}]},"SFPropB":{"id":"SFPropB","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition B","raceDescription":"Police staffing. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222954,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":61580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":161374}]},"SFPropC":{"id":"SFPropC","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition C","raceDescription":"Transfer tax exemption. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":220349,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":116311},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":104038}]},"SFPropD":{"id":"SFPropD","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition D","raceDescription":"Ethics laws. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222615,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":198584},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24031}]},"SFPropE":{"id":"SFPropE","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition E","raceDescription":"Police policies. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222817,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":120529},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":102288}]},"SFPropF":{"id":"SFPropF","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition F","raceDescription":"Drug screening. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-f","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":224004,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":130214},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":93790}]},"SFPropG":{"id":"SFPropG","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition G","raceDescription":"Eighth-grade algebra. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222704,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182066},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40638}]},"SMJudge4":{"id":"SMJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":108886,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sarah Burdick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":108886}]},"SMD1":{"id":"SMD1","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":29642,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jackie Speier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20348},{"candidateName":"Ann Schneider","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9294}]},"SMD4":{"id":"SMD4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":22721,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Antonio Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5728},{"candidateName":"Lisa Gauthier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10358},{"candidateName":"Celeste Brevard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1268},{"candidateName":"Paul Bocanegra","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1909},{"candidateName":"Maggie Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3458}]},"SMD5":{"id":"SMD5","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":19931,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Canepa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19931}]},"SMMeasureB":{"id":"SMMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"County Service Area #1 (Highlands). Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":1549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1360},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":189}]},"SMMeasureC":{"id":"SMMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Jefferson Elementary School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":12228,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8540},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3688}]},"SMMeasureE":{"id":"SMMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Woodside Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":1391,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":910},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":481}]},"SMMeasureG":{"id":"SMMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Pacifica School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":11543,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7066},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4477}]},"SMMeasureH":{"id":"SMMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"San Carlos School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":9937,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6282},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3655}]},"SCJudge5":{"id":"SCJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:13 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":301857,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jay Boyarsky","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":142499},{"candidateName":"Nicole M. Ford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":52127},{"candidateName":"Johnene Linda Stebbins","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107231}]},"SCD2":{"id":"SCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:13 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":44039,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Corina Herrera-Loera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10514},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Margaret Celaya","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2392},{"candidateName":"Madison Nguyen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12789},{"candidateName":"Betty Duong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14025},{"candidateName":"Nelson McElmurry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4319}]},"SCD3":{"id":"SCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:13 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":42537,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Otto Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42537}]},"SCD5":{"id":"SCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:13 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":88685,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Margaret Abe-Koga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":37162},{"candidateName":"Sally J. Lieber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":21958},{"candidateName":"Barry Chang","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6161},{"candidateName":"Peter C. Fung","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17885},{"candidateName":"Sandy Sans","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5519}]},"SCSJMayor":{"id":"SCSJMayor","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José Mayor","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:13 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":167011,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Mahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":144656},{"candidateName":"Tyrone Wade","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22355}]},"SCSJD2":{"id":"SCSJD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:13 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":14126,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4947},{"candidateName":"Pamela Campos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3435},{"candidateName":"Vanessa Sandoval","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2718},{"candidateName":"Babu Prasad","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3026}]},"SCSJD4":{"id":"SCSJD4","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:13 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":14318,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kansen Chu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5928},{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8390}]},"SCSJD6":{"id":"SCSJD6","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:13 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":25103,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9872},{"candidateName":"Alex Shoor","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3850},{"candidateName":"Angelo \"A.J.\" Pasciuti","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2688},{"candidateName":"Michael Mulcahy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8693}]},"SCSJD8":{"id":"SCSJD8","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 8","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:13 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":21452,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tam Truong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6980},{"candidateName":"Domingo Candelas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8463},{"candidateName":"Sukhdev Singh Bainiwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5509},{"candidateName":"Surinder Kaur Dhaliwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":500}]},"SCSJD10":{"id":"SCSJD10","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 10","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:13 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":22793,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"George Casey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8801},{"candidateName":"Arjun Batra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8352},{"candidateName":"Lenka Wright","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5640}]},"SCMeasureA":{"id":"SCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed city clerk. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:13 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":20313,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6579},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13734}]},"SCMeasureB":{"id":"SCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed police chief. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:13 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":20565,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14886}]},"SCMeasureC":{"id":"SCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Sunnyvale School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:13 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":14650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10257},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4393}]},"SolanoD15":{"id":"SolanoD15","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Department 15","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":81709,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":36844},{"candidateName":"Bryan J. Kim","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":44865}]},"SolanoD1":{"id":"SolanoD1","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":13786,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6401},{"candidateName":"Cassandra James","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7385}]},"SolanoD2":{"id":"SolanoD2","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":19903,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Monica Brown","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10951},{"candidateName":"Nora Dizon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3135},{"candidateName":"Rochelle Sherlock","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5817}]},"SolanoD5":{"id":"SolanoD5","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17888,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mitch Mashburn","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11210},{"candidateName":"Chadwick J. Ledoux","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6678}]},"SolanoEducation":{"id":"SolanoEducation","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Sacramento County Board of Education","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":3650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Heather Davis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2960},{"candidateName":"Shazleen Khan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":690}]},"SolanoMeasureA":{"id":"SolanoMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Benicia. Hotel tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10136,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7869},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2267}]},"SolanoMeasureB":{"id":"SolanoMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Benicia. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10164,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7335},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2829}]},"SolanoMeasureC":{"id":"SolanoMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Benicia Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10112,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6316},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3796}]},"SolanoMeasureN":{"id":"SolanoMeasureN","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure N","raceDescription":"Davis Joint Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":15,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10}]},"SonomaJudge3":{"id":"SonomaJudge3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":114898,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kristine M. Burk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":79204},{"candidateName":"Beki Berrey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":35694}]},"SonomaJudge4":{"id":"SonomaJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":86439,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Paul J. Lozada","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":86439}]},"SonomaJudge6":{"id":"SonomaJudge6","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":117473,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Omar Figueroa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42031},{"candidateName":"Kenneth English","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":75442}]},"SonomaD1":{"id":"SonomaD1","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":30228,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rebecca Hermosillo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23876},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Mathieu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6352}]},"SonomaD3":{"id":"SonomaD3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/supervisor-3rd-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":16202,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Chris Coursey","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11286},{"candidateName":"Omar Medina","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4916}]},"SonomaD5":{"id":"SonomaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":23282,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lynda Hopkins","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23282}]},"SonomaMeasureA":{"id":"SonomaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":13654,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10239},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3415}]},"SonomaMeasureB":{"id":"SonomaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":24764,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15731},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9033}]},"SonomaMeasureC":{"id":"SonomaMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Fort Ross School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":286,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":159},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":127}]},"SonomaMeasureD":{"id":"SonomaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Harmony Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":1913,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":830}]},"SonomaMeasureE":{"id":"SonomaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Petaluma City (Elementary) School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":11091,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7602},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3489}]},"SonomaMeasureG":{"id":"SonomaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Rincon Valley Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":14511,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8624},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5887}]},"SonomaMeasureH":{"id":"SonomaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Sonoma County. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/measure-h","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:01 PM","dateUpdated":"March 26, 2024","totalVotes":144574,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":89236},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":55338}]}},"radioSchedulesReducer":{},"listsReducer":{"posts/mindshift?category=culture":{"isFetching":false,"latestQuery":{"from":0,"postsToRender":9},"tag":null,"vitalsOnly":true,"totalRequested":9,"isLoading":false,"isLoadingMore":true,"total":526,"items":["mindshift_63406","mindshift_63399","mindshift_63329","mindshift_63266","mindshift_63250","mindshift_63086","mindshift_63106","mindshift_63035","mindshift_62965"]}},"recallGuideReducer":{"intros":{},"policy":{},"candidates":{}},"savedPostsReducer":{},"sessionReducer":{},"siteSettingsReducer":{},"subscriptionsReducer":{},"termsReducer":{"about":{"name":"About","type":"terms","id":"about","slug":"about","link":"/about","taxonomy":"site"},"arts":{"name":"Arts & Culture","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"description":"KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.","type":"terms","id":"arts","slug":"arts","link":"/arts","taxonomy":"site"},"artschool":{"name":"Art School","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"artschool","slug":"artschool","link":"/artschool","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareabites":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"bayareabites","slug":"bayareabites","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareahiphop":{"name":"Bay Area Hiphop","type":"terms","id":"bayareahiphop","slug":"bayareahiphop","link":"/bayareahiphop","taxonomy":"site"},"campaign21":{"name":"Campaign 21","type":"terms","id":"campaign21","slug":"campaign21","link":"/campaign21","taxonomy":"site"},"checkplease":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"checkplease","slug":"checkplease","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"education":{"name":"Education","grouping":["education"],"type":"terms","id":"education","slug":"education","link":"/education","taxonomy":"site"},"elections":{"name":"Elections","type":"terms","id":"elections","slug":"elections","link":"/elections","taxonomy":"site"},"events":{"name":"Events","type":"terms","id":"events","slug":"events","link":"/events","taxonomy":"site"},"event":{"name":"Event","alias":"events","type":"terms","id":"event","slug":"event","link":"/event","taxonomy":"site"},"filmschoolshorts":{"name":"Film School Shorts","type":"terms","id":"filmschoolshorts","slug":"filmschoolshorts","link":"/filmschoolshorts","taxonomy":"site"},"food":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"type":"terms","id":"food","slug":"food","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"forum":{"name":"Forum","relatedContentQuery":"posts/forum?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"forum","slug":"forum","link":"/forum","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou":{"name":"Future of You","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","link":"/futureofyou","taxonomy":"site"},"jpepinheart":{"name":"KQED food","relatedContentQuery":"trending/food,bayareabites,checkplease","parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"jpepinheart","slug":"jpepinheart","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"liveblog":{"name":"Live Blog","type":"terms","id":"liveblog","slug":"liveblog","link":"/liveblog","taxonomy":"site"},"livetv":{"name":"Live TV","parent":"tv","type":"terms","id":"livetv","slug":"livetv","link":"/livetv","taxonomy":"site"},"lowdown":{"name":"The Lowdown","relatedContentQuery":"posts/lowdown?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"lowdown","slug":"lowdown","link":"/lowdown","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift":{"name":"Mindshift","parent":"news","description":"MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.","type":"terms","id":"mindshift","slug":"mindshift","link":"/mindshift","taxonomy":"site"},"news":{"name":"News","grouping":["news","forum"],"type":"terms","id":"news","slug":"news","link":"/news","taxonomy":"site"},"perspectives":{"name":"Perspectives","parent":"radio","type":"terms","id":"perspectives","slug":"perspectives","link":"/perspectives","taxonomy":"site"},"podcasts":{"name":"Podcasts","type":"terms","id":"podcasts","slug":"podcasts","link":"/podcasts","taxonomy":"site"},"pop":{"name":"Pop","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"pop","slug":"pop","link":"/pop","taxonomy":"site"},"pressroom":{"name":"Pressroom","type":"terms","id":"pressroom","slug":"pressroom","link":"/pressroom","taxonomy":"site"},"quest":{"name":"Quest","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"quest","slug":"quest","link":"/quest","taxonomy":"site"},"radio":{"name":"Radio","grouping":["forum","perspectives"],"description":"Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.","type":"terms","id":"radio","slug":"radio","link":"/radio","taxonomy":"site"},"root":{"name":"KQED","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","imageWidth":1200,"imageHeight":630,"headData":{"title":"KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California","description":"KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."},"type":"terms","id":"root","slug":"root","link":"/root","taxonomy":"site"},"science":{"name":"Science","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"description":"KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.","type":"terms","id":"science","slug":"science","link":"/science","taxonomy":"site"},"stateofhealth":{"name":"State of Health","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"stateofhealth","slug":"stateofhealth","link":"/stateofhealth","taxonomy":"site"},"support":{"name":"Support","type":"terms","id":"support","slug":"support","link":"/support","taxonomy":"site"},"thedolist":{"name":"The Do List","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"thedolist","slug":"thedolist","link":"/thedolist","taxonomy":"site"},"trulyca":{"name":"Truly CA","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"trulyca","slug":"trulyca","link":"/trulyca","taxonomy":"site"},"tv":{"name":"TV","type":"terms","id":"tv","slug":"tv","link":"/tv","taxonomy":"site"},"voterguide":{"name":"Voter Guide","parent":"elections","alias":"elections","type":"terms","id":"voterguide","slug":"voterguide","link":"/voterguide","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift_194":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_194","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"194","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Culture","slug":"culture","taxonomy":"category","description":"How trends in technology – social networks, Internet privacy, cyberbullying – influence education.","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Culture Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":"How trends in technology – social networks, Internet privacy, cyberbullying – influence education.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null,"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","width":1200,"height":630},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"}},"ttid":194,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/culture"},"mindshift_20523":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20523","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20523","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Design Thinking","slug":"design-thinking-2","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Design Thinking Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":19800,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/design-thinking-2"},"mindshift_388":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_388","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"388","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"accessibility","slug":"accessibility","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"accessibility Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":389,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/accessibility"},"mindshift_21409":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21409","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21409","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Americans with Disabilities Act","slug":"americans-with-disabilities-act","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Americans with Disabilities Act Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20681,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/americans-with-disabilities-act"},"mindshift_21718":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21718","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21718","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"disability","slug":"disability","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"disability Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20990,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/disability"},"mindshift_21117":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21117","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21117","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"outdoor education","slug":"outdoor-education","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"outdoor education Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20389,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/outdoor-education"},"mindshift_498":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_498","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"498","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"play","slug":"play","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"play Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":501,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/play"},"mindshift_21565":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21565","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21565","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"playground","slug":"playground","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"playground Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20837,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/playground"},"mindshift_21892":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21892","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21892","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Education","slug":"education","taxonomy":"interest","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Education Archives - MindShift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":21164,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/interest/education"},"mindshift_21702":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21702","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21702","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"generations","slug":"generations","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"generations Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20974,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/generations"},"mindshift_21903":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21903","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21903","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"happiness","slug":"happiness","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"happiness Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":21175,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/happiness"},"mindshift_21753":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21753","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21753","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"culture wars","slug":"culture-wars","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"culture wars Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":21025,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/culture-wars"},"mindshift_21902":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21902","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21902","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"PragerU","slug":"prageru","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"PragerU Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":21174,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/prageru"},"mindshift_21357":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21357","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21357","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Antiracism","slug":"antiracism","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Antiracism Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20629,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/antiracism"},"mindshift_21504":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21504","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21504","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Education research","slug":"education-research","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Education research Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20776,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/education-research"},"mindshift_21491":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21491","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21491","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Book excerpt","slug":"book-excerpt","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Book excerpt Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20763,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/book-excerpt"},"mindshift_21385":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21385","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21385","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Parenting","slug":"parenting","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Parenting Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20657,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/parenting"},"mindshift_193":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_193","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"193","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Teaching Strategies","slug":"teaching-strategies","taxonomy":"category","description":"Innovative ideas - projects, processes, curricula, and more - that are transforming how we teach and learn.","featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Teaching Strategies Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":"Innovative ideas - projects, processes, curricula, and more - that are transforming how we teach and learn.","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":193,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/teaching-strategies"},"mindshift_21250":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21250","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21250","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"belonging","slug":"belonging","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"belonging Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20522,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/belonging"},"mindshift_21371":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21371","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21371","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"culturally relevant teaching","slug":"culturally-relevant-teaching","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"culturally relevant teaching Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20643,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/culturally-relevant-teaching"},"mindshift_21707":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21707","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21707","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"family","slug":"family","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"family Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20979,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/family"},"mindshift_21230":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21230","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21230","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"family engagement","slug":"family-engagement","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"family engagement Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20502,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/family-engagement"},"mindshift_21223":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21223","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21223","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"inclusion","slug":"inclusion","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"inclusion Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20495,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/inclusion"},"mindshift_21415":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21415","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21415","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"inclusive","slug":"inclusive","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"inclusive Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20687,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/inclusive"},"mindshift_444":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_444","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"444","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"literacy","slug":"literacy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"literacy Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":446,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/literacy"},"mindshift_290":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_290","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"290","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"parents","slug":"parents","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"parents Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":291,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/parents"},"mindshift_21445":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21445","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21445","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Adolescence","slug":"adolescence","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Adolescence Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20717,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/adolescence"},"mindshift_21512":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21512","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21512","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Belonging","slug":"belonging","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Belonging Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20784,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/belonging"},"mindshift_20874":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20874","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20874","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Teenage Years","slug":"teenage-years","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Teenage Years Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20152,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/teenage-years"},"mindshift_21015":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21015","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21015","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"identity","slug":"identity","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"identity Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20287,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/identity"},"mindshift_20803":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20803","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20803","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"slang","slug":"slang","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"slang Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20080,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/slang"},"mindshift_20779":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20779","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20779","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"student voice","slug":"student-voice","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"student voice Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20056,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/student-voice"},"mindshift_21516":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21516","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21516","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"banned books","slug":"banned-books","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"banned books Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20788,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/banned-books"},"mindshift_21657":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21657","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21657","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"book bans","slug":"book-bans","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"book bans Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20929,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/book-bans"},"mindshift_20646":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20646","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20646","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"English Language Arts","slug":"english-language-arts","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"English Language Arts Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":19923,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/english-language-arts"},"mindshift_21255":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21255","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21255","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"gender","slug":"gender","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"gender Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20527,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/gender"},"mindshift_21339":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21339","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21339","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"LGBTQ","slug":"lgbtq","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"LGBTQ Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20611,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/lgbtq"},"mindshift_20564":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20564","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20564","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"literature","slug":"literature","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"literature Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":19841,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/literature"},"mindshift_21284":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21284","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21284","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"race","slug":"race","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"race Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20556,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/race"},"mindshift_550":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_550","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"550","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Reading","slug":"reading","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Reading Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":553,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/reading"},"mindshift_21605":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21605","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21605","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"teachers","slug":"teachers","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"teachers Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20877,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/teachers"},"mindshift_21591":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21591","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21591","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Texas","slug":"texas","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Texas Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20863,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/texas"},"mindshift_21451":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21451","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21451","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"transgender","slug":"transgender","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"transgender Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20723,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/transgender"},"mindshift_21345":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21345","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21345","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"COVID-19","slug":"covid-19","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"COVID-19 Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20617,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/covid-19"},"mindshift_21358":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21358","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21358","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Distance Learning","slug":"distance-learning","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Distance Learning - Education News and Updates | KQED","description":"Learn about the benefits and challenges of online learning and the future of distance education through our archive, \"Distance Learning\".","ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20630,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/distance-learning"},"mindshift_21280":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21280","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21280","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Mental Health","slug":"mental-health","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Mental Health Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20552,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/mental-health"},"mindshift_21579":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21579","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21579","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Schoolwide Solutions","slug":"schoolwide-solutions","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Schoolwide Solutions Archives - KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20851,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/category/schoolwide-solutions"},"mindshift_21448":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21448","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21448","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"community trauma","slug":"community-trauma","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"community trauma Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20720,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/community-trauma"},"mindshift_21105":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_21105","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"21105","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"trauma","slug":"trauma","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"trauma Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20377,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/trauma"},"mindshift_20999":{"type":"terms","id":"mindshift_20999","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"mindshift","id":"20999","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"trauma-informed teaching","slug":"trauma-informed-teaching","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"trauma-informed teaching Archives | KQED Mindshift","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":20271,"isLoading":false,"link":"/mindshift/tag/trauma-informed-teaching"}},"userAgentReducer":{"userAgent":"claudebot","isBot":true},"userPermissionsReducer":{"wpLoggedIn":false},"localStorageReducer":{},"browserHistoryReducer":[],"eventsReducer":{},"fssReducer":{},"tvDailyScheduleReducer":{},"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer":{},"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer":{},"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer":{},"userAccountReducer":{"routeTo":"","showDeleteConfirmModal":false,"user":{"userId":"","isFound":false,"firstName":"","lastName":"","phoneNumber":"","email":"","articles":[]}},"youthMediaReducer":{},"checkPleaseReducer":{"filterData":{},"restaurantData":[]},"location":{"pathname":"/mindshift/category/culture/page/3/","previousPathname":"/"}}