'Save The Fleet, Eat Less Wheat': The Patriotic History Of Ditching Bread
DIY: Get the Best Tasting Flour Tortillas by Making Them at Home
GMO Wheat Investigation Closed, But Another One Opens
Raising Kids Gluten-Free in an "Eat your Wheaties" Culture
Doctors Say Changes In Wheat Do Not Explain Rise Of Celiac Disease
FDA Approves Gluten-Free Label
In Oregon, The GMO Wheat Mystery Deepens
Milling at the Bale Grist Mill
Wheat Berries
Sponsored
window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={"attachmentsReducer":{"audio_0":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_0","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"}}},"audio_1":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_1","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"}}},"audio_2":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_2","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"}}},"audio_3":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_3","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"}}},"audio_4":{"type":"attachments","id":"audio_4","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"}}},"placeholder":{"type":"attachments","id":"placeholder","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-160x96.jpg","width":160,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-800x478.jpg","width":800,"height":478,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1020x610.jpg","width":1020,"height":610,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-960x574.jpg","width":960,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xxsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-240x143.jpg","width":240,"height":143,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xsmall":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-375x224.jpg","width":375,"height":224,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"small":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-520x311.jpg","width":520,"height":311,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"xlarge":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1180x705.jpg","width":1180,"height":705,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-1920x1148.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-50":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-50x50.jpg","width":50,"height":50,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/GettyImages-896326950-e1514998105161.jpg","width":1920,"height":1148}}},"bayareabites_107146":{"type":"attachments","id":"bayareabites_107146","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"bayareabites","id":"107146","found":true},"title":"During World War I, ships bringing imported food supplies into Britain were extremely vulnerable to German U-boat attack. By 1917, 400 Allied ships a month were being sunk. Although wheat was imported from new sources, and Britain's own harvest reached record levels, the government actively encouraged economy.","publishDate":1456266255,"status":"inherit","parent":107141,"modified":1456267276,"caption":"During World War I, ships bringing imported food supplies into Britain were extremely vulnerable to German U-boat attack. By 1917, 400 Allied ships a month were being sunk. Although wheat was imported from new sources, and Britain's own harvest reached record levels, the government actively encouraged economy.","credit":"Imperial War Museums (Art.IWM PST 4470)","description":"During World War I, ships bringing imported food supplies into Britain were extremely vulnerable to German U-boat attack. By 1917, 400 Allied ships a month were being sunk. Although wheat was imported from new sources, and Britain's own harvest reached record levels, the government actively encouraged econo","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/save_the_wheat_enl-c8c5fd644131d59a7acaab812eb98cd32ed2e622-400x606.jpg","width":400,"height":606,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/save_the_wheat_enl-c8c5fd644131d59a7acaab812eb98cd32ed2e622-528x372.jpg","width":528,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/save_the_wheat_enl-c8c5fd644131d59a7acaab812eb98cd32ed2e622-528x576.jpg","width":528,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/save_the_wheat_enl-c8c5fd644131d59a7acaab812eb98cd32ed2e622-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/save_the_wheat_enl-c8c5fd644131d59a7acaab812eb98cd32ed2e622-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/save_the_wheat_enl-c8c5fd644131d59a7acaab812eb98cd32ed2e622-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/save_the_wheat_enl-c8c5fd644131d59a7acaab812eb98cd32ed2e622-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"cat_post_thumb_sizecategory-posts-2":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/save_the_wheat_enl-c8c5fd644131d59a7acaab812eb98cd32ed2e622-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/save_the_wheat_enl-c8c5fd644131d59a7acaab812eb98cd32ed2e622-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/save_the_wheat_enl-c8c5fd644131d59a7acaab812eb98cd32ed2e622.jpg","width":528,"height":800}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"bayareabites_103615":{"type":"attachments","id":"bayareabites_103615","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"bayareabites","id":"103615","found":true},"title":"Homemade flour tortillas.","publishDate":1447192937,"status":"inherit","parent":103609,"modified":1447193009,"caption":"Homemade flour tortillas.","credit":"Kate Williams","description":"Homemade flour tortillas.","imgSizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-5-400x272.jpg","width":400,"height":272,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"medium":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-5-800x544.jpg","width":800,"height":544,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"large":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-5-1440x979.jpg","width":1440,"height":979,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-lrg":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-5-1920x1305.jpg","width":1920,"height":1305,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-med":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-5-1180x802.jpg","width":1180,"height":802,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"fd-sm":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-5-960x653.jpg","width":960,"height":653,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-5-672x372.jpg","width":672,"height":372,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twentyfourteen-full-width":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-5-1038x576.jpg","width":1038,"height":576,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-32":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-5-32x32.jpg","width":32,"height":32,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-64":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-5-64x64.jpg","width":64,"height":64,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-96":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-5-96x96.jpg","width":96,"height":96,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"guest-author-128":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-5-128x128.jpg","width":128,"height":128,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"cat_post_thumb_sizecategory-posts-2":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-5-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"detail":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-5-75x75.jpg","width":75,"height":75,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-5.jpg","width":1920,"height":1305}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"bayareabites_88074":{"type":"attachments","id":"bayareabites_88074","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"bayareabites","id":"88074","found":true},"title":"wheat_wide1","publishDate":1411772229,"status":"inherit","parent":88067,"modified":1411772229,"caption":"How did that genetically modified wheat end up in a field in Oregon? Investigators still don't know, but now they've found GMO wheat in Montana, too. Photo: iStockphoto","credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/wheat_wide1-e1411773652535.jpg","width":1000,"height":563}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"bayareabites_72288":{"type":"attachments","id":"bayareabites_72288","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"bayareabites","id":"72288","found":true},"title":"kids-pancakes640x360","publishDate":1381890427,"status":"inherit","parent":72285,"modified":1381890427,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2013/10/kids-pancakes640x360.jpg","width":640,"height":360}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"bayareabites_71100":{"type":"attachments","id":"bayareabites_71100","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"bayareabites","id":"71100","found":true},"title":"wheat-sm","publishDate":1380263686,"status":"inherit","parent":71091,"modified":1380263686,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2013/09/wheat-sm.jpg","width":624,"height":467}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"bayareabites_67413":{"type":"attachments","id":"bayareabites_67413","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"bayareabites","id":"67413","found":true},"title":"gluten-free","publishDate":1375460700,"status":"inherit","parent":67404,"modified":1375460700,"caption":"The Food and Drug Administration is at last defining what a \"gluten free\" label on a food package really means after nine years of consideration. Photo: Jon Elswick/AP ","credit":null,"description":"The Food and Drug Administration is at last defining what a \"gluten free\" label on a food package really means after nine years of consideration.","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/gluten-free-sm.jpg","width":624,"height":467}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"bayareabites_65683":{"type":"attachments","id":"bayareabites_65683","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"bayareabites","id":"65683","found":true},"title":"gettyimages_170136202","publishDate":1374080061,"status":"inherit","parent":65674,"modified":1374080061,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":"Wheat grows in a test field at Oregon State University in Corvallis. Some scientists believe that there's a chance that genetically modified wheat found in one farmer's field in May is still in the seed supply.","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2013/07/wheat-sm.jpg","width":624,"height":400}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false},"bayareabites_37404":{"type":"attachments","id":"bayareabites_37404","meta":{"index":"attachments_1591205162","site":"bayareabites","id":"37404","found":true},"title":"Bale Grist Mill","publishDate":1326131196,"status":"inherit","parent":37268,"modified":1326131196,"caption":null,"credit":null,"description":null,"imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2012/01/bale-grist-mill.jpg","width":560,"height":420}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_bayareabites_107141":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_bayareabites_107141","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_bayareabites_107141","name":"Jessica Leigh Hester, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","isLoading":false},"byline_bayareabites_88067":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_bayareabites_88067","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_bayareabites_88067","name":"Dan Charles","isLoading":false},"byline_bayareabites_71091":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_bayareabites_71091","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_bayareabites_71091","name":"Allison Aubrey and Eliza Barclay","isLoading":false},"byline_bayareabites_67404":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_bayareabites_67404","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_bayareabites_67404","name":"Dan Charles and Eliza Barclay","isLoading":false},"byline_bayareabites_65674":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_bayareabites_65674","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_bayareabites_65674","name":"Dan Charles","isLoading":false},"denise-lincoln":{"type":"authors","id":"5016","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"5016","found":true},"name":"Denise Santoro Lincoln","firstName":"Denise Santoro","lastName":"Lincoln","slug":"denise-lincoln","email":"dmsantoro@yahoo.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"I am a writer, editor, mother of twins, and enthusiastic home cook. I was raised by an Italian-American mother who, in the 1970s, grew her own basil (because she couldn’t find any in the local grocery stores), zucchini (for those delicious flowers), and tomatoes (because the ones in the store tasted like “a potato”). My mom taught us to love all kinds of food and revere high-quality ingredients. I am now trying to follow in my mother’s footsteps and am on a mission to help my daughters become adventurous eaters who have a healthy respect for seasonal food raised locally. My daughters and I grow vegetables and go to the farmers’ market. We also love to shop at Piedmont Grocery and Trader Joe’s. When I’m not hanging out with my daughters or cooking, I like to contribute to cookbooks (including Williams-Sonoma’s Food Made Fast and Foods of the World series), work as an editor, and write about food for \u003cstrong>Bay Area Bites\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>Denise's Kitchen\u003c/strong>. My food inspirations are M.F.K Fisher, Julia Child, and Alice Waters — three fabulous women who encompass everything I love about food.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dc444b11959eca5e5364cfc2e4358efb?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Denise Santoro Lincoln | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dc444b11959eca5e5364cfc2e4358efb?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/dc444b11959eca5e5364cfc2e4358efb?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/denise-lincoln"},"stephanie-rosenbaum":{"type":"authors","id":"5038","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"5038","found":true},"name":"Stephanie Rosenbaum Klassen","firstName":"Stephanie","lastName":"Rosenbaum Klassen","slug":"stephanie-rosenbaum","email":"dixieday@aol.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Stephanie Rosenbaum Klassen is a longtime local food writer, author, and cook. Her books include The Art of Vintage Cocktails (Egg & Dart Press), World of Doughnuts (Egg & Dart Press); Kids in the Kitchen: Fun Food (Williams Sonoma); Honey from Flower to Table (Chronicle Books) and The Astrology Cookbook: A Cosmic Guide to Feasts of Love (Manic D Press). She has studied organic farming at UCSC and holds a certificate in Ecological Horticulture from the Center for Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems. She does frequent cooking demonstrations at local farmers’ markets and has taught food writing at Media Alliance in San Francisco and the Continuing Education program at Stanford University. She has been the lead restaurant critic for the San Francisco Bay Guardian as well as for San Francisco magazine. She has been an assistant chef at the Headlands Center for the Arts, an artists' residency program located in the Marin Headlands, and a production cook at the Marin Sun Farms Cafe in Pt Reyes Station. After some 20 years in San Francisco interspersed with stints in Oakland, Santa Cruz, Brooklyn, and Manhattan, she recently moved to Sonoma county but still writes in San Francisco several days a week.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/46bf004da7b42de11bfd2b1614ecadcf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"sjrosenbaum","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["author"]},{"site":"food","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Stephanie Rosenbaum Klassen | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/46bf004da7b42de11bfd2b1614ecadcf?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/46bf004da7b42de11bfd2b1614ecadcf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/stephanie-rosenbaum"},"darathompson":{"type":"authors","id":"5402","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"5402","found":true},"name":"Dara Thompson","firstName":"Dara","lastName":"Thompson","slug":"darathompson","email":"drdarathompson@yahoo.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"\u003ca href=\"http://solutionsnaturopathiccare.com/\">Dara Thompson N.D.\u003c/a> is a Naturopathic Doctor practicing in Mill Valley, CA . She is passionate about medicine, and believes that the food we eat is an integral part of healing. Dr. Thompson studied cell and molecular biology at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and UC Santa Cruz. She received her doctorate in naturopathic medicine at National College of Natural Medicine in Portland, Oregon, where she worked her way through school catering and teaching cooking classes. Dr. Thompson specializes in environmental medicine and providing supportive care for cancer patients. You can follow her \u003ca href=\"http://solutionsnaturopathiccare.com/blog/\">food and nutrition blog\u003c/a>.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7918a53f14a1253cb107c6f45a0fe63b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Dara Thompson | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7918a53f14a1253cb107c6f45a0fe63b?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7918a53f14a1253cb107c6f45a0fe63b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/darathompson"},"katewilliams":{"type":"authors","id":"5485","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"5485","found":true},"name":"Kate Williams","firstName":"Kate","lastName":"Williams","slug":"katewilliams","email":"williaka@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Kate Williams grew up outside of Atlanta, where twenty-pound baskets of peaches were an end-of-summer tradition. After spending time in Boston developing recipes for America's Test Kitchen and pretending to be a New Englander, she moved to sunny Berkeley. Here she works as a personal chef and food writer, covering topics ranging from taco trucks to modernist cookbooks. In addition to KQED's Bay Area Bites, Kate's work appears on Serious Eats, Berkeleyside NOSH, The Oxford American, America's Test Kitchen cookbooks, and Food52.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25623fe56e181fe8b6ee92fd0ea077de?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"KateHWilliams","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["contributor"]},{"site":"food","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Kate Williams | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25623fe56e181fe8b6ee92fd0ea077de?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/25623fe56e181fe8b6ee92fd0ea077de?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/katewilliams"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"arts","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"bayareabites_107141":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_107141","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"107141","score":null,"sort":[1456267436000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"save-the-fleet-eat-less-wheat-the-patriotic-history-of-ditching-bread","title":"'Save The Fleet, Eat Less Wheat': The Patriotic History Of Ditching Bread","publishDate":1456267436,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107143\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 760px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/army-bakery_enl-66b09909b507fb4d30cf826ba8034119cb2e6ddb.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. soldiers sack bread ready for shipment, shortly after the end of World War I.\" width=\"760\" height=\"581\" class=\"size-full wp-image-107143\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/army-bakery_enl-66b09909b507fb4d30cf826ba8034119cb2e6ddb.jpg 760w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/army-bakery_enl-66b09909b507fb4d30cf826ba8034119cb2e6ddb-400x306.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. soldiers sack bread ready for shipment, shortly after the end of World War I. \u003ccite>(The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Photography Collection/The New York Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Finding bread alternatives may seem like a thoroughly modern obsession. (Can someone pass the chia-millet rolls?) But the widespread search for substitutes to white flour, in particular, dates back at least a century, to World War I, when Allied forces aggressively urged consumers to change their starchy habits for nationalistic reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one hand, bread was symbolically important: It conjured ideas of comfort that were especially welcome during a time of fear and turmoil. The act of sharing a loaf — literally breaking bread together — carried psychological weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you had bread, you were OK,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.joannelambhayes.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Joanne Lamb Hayes\u003c/a>, author of the book \u003cem>Grandma's Wartime Kitchen\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problem was, diners on both sides of the ocean had a taste for white bread, which only made use of part of the wheat crop, and wasted the rest. Plus, Britain, an island nation, imported much of its food, including its grain – a task made harder with German submarines prowling the waters. In this atmosphere, indulging in white flour was viewed as wastefulness akin to aiding and abetting the enemy. At the same time, Allied forces called on the U.S. to donate some of its wheat crop to feed troops and civilians overseas. So, in the U.S. and U.K., government campaigns encouraged patriots to give up refined white bread in favor of heartier whole wheat, or to add other ingredients as fillers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107144\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/sendthemwheat_custom-925dc146ed4355c20a735491676a771d63c9a9cb.jpg\" alt=\"A poster produced by the U.S. Food Administration during World War I. "There was a feeling that the troops deserved white bread, and the rest of us could add cornmeal or rye flour," says Joanne Lamb Hayes, author of Grandma's Wartime Kitchen.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" class=\"size-full wp-image-107144\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/sendthemwheat_custom-925dc146ed4355c20a735491676a771d63c9a9cb.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/sendthemwheat_custom-925dc146ed4355c20a735491676a771d63c9a9cb-400x319.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/sendthemwheat_custom-925dc146ed4355c20a735491676a771d63c9a9cb-800x638.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/sendthemwheat_custom-925dc146ed4355c20a735491676a771d63c9a9cb-768x613.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/sendthemwheat_custom-925dc146ed4355c20a735491676a771d63c9a9cb-960x766.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A poster produced by the U.S. Food Administration during World War I. \"There was a feeling that the troops deserved white bread, and the rest of us could add cornmeal or rye flour,\" says Joanne Lamb Hayes, author of Grandma's Wartime Kitchen. \u003ccite>(Harvey Dunn/U.S. Food Administration/Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"There was a feeling that the troops deserved white bread, and the rest of us could add cornmeal or rye flour,\" says Hayes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S. during World War I, the federal Food Administration encouraged substituting ground oats, cornmeal, rice, barley, potato and buckwheat in place of wheat flour. (Yep — the same kinds of ingredients you'll find in today's frozen gluten-free waffles.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oregon, for instance, the loaf locally called \"war bread\" contained 40 percent wheat substitutes, such as corn, barley, or rice flour; another type, known as \"victory bread,\" contained 25 percent substitutes. Those who munched on war bread, readers of the Oregon \u003cem>E\u003c/em>\u003cem>vening Herald \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn99063812/1918-05-10/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1836&index=12&rows=20&words=BREAD+bread+Bread+War+WAR+war&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1922&proxtext=war+bread&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1\">were told\u003c/a>, were \"15 per cent more patriotic than the one who eats victory bread.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107145\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/eat-less-bread_enl-9d7d60f7415cd2e14ac3813fcddaf28db31ec84d-400x599.jpg\" alt='A British propaganda poster from World War I reminds consumers that \"The Kitchen is the Key to Victory. Eat Less Bread.\"' width=\"400\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-107145\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/eat-less-bread_enl-9d7d60f7415cd2e14ac3813fcddaf28db31ec84d-400x599.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/eat-less-bread_enl-9d7d60f7415cd2e14ac3813fcddaf28db31ec84d.jpg 668w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A British propaganda poster from World War I reminds consumers that \"The Kitchen is the Key to Victory. Eat Less Bread.\" \u003ccite>(Special Collections, USDA National Agricultural Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One 1918 pamphlet described these alternative breads as \"foods that will win the war.\" One wheatless meal per family per day, the pamphlet estimated, \"would mean a saving of 90,000,000 bushels of wheat, which totals 5,400,000,000 lbs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American home bakers were also encouraged to mash up potatoes in their breads, because, as Hayes explains, \"people could grow some sort of potato in their victory garden.\" Whereas \"with wheat, you really needed a farm.\" Some newspapers even ran daily potato recipes, such as one for \u003ca href=\"https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/55292406/?terms=war%2Bbread\" target=\"_blank\">mashed potato biscuits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ditching white bread for the good of the nation was also a theme during World War II, though American eaters weren't psyched about it. As Aaron Bobow-Strain explains in the book \u003cem>White Bread: A Social History of the Store-Bought Loaf,\u003c/em> \"during the 1930s and '40s, Americans got more calories from white bread than from any other food,\" and glared at attempts to tweak the recipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, newspapers under the Hearst umbrella dutifully \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrvmuseum.org/journal/journal_ftbr_0404.htm\" target=\"_blank\">compiled recipes\u003c/a> by the pseudonymous \"Prudence Penny,\" who doled out patriotic calls to arms softened by singsong rhymes. The resulting cookbook, \u003cem>Prudence Penny's Coupon Cookery,\u003c/em> included ditties like this, an ode to whole grain flour as an alternative to white:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The cook who bakes her bread and rolls is everybody's pal\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just that tantalizing fragrance will help to build morale\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America is rich in grain, and grain is rich in health\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whole-grain bread and cereals may prove our nation's wealth\n\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Wartime ingredient swaps were common in the U.K., too, during both world wars,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>says \u003ca href=\"http://www.iwm.org.uk/authors/amanda-mason\" target=\"_blank\">Amanda Mason\u003c/a>, a historian at the Imperial War Museum in London. Dried eggs — more widely available than fresh ones — became baking staples. Sausage meatloaf molded into the shape of a turkey or duck masqueraded as festive holiday fare. Parsnips were cast as fake bananas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107142\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/potato-pete_enl-ea0a6d914d36b2e6a9170ffbfc3994cf4823a95c.jpg\" alt=\"During World War II, Potato Pete, a dapper cartoon spud with a jaunty cap and spats, instructed U.K. consumers on the humble tuber's many uses – not just in standards like scalloped potatoes and savory pies, but also in more surprising options, like potato scones and waffles.\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" class=\"size-full wp-image-107142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/potato-pete_enl-ea0a6d914d36b2e6a9170ffbfc3994cf4823a95c.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/potato-pete_enl-ea0a6d914d36b2e6a9170ffbfc3994cf4823a95c-400x301.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/potato-pete_enl-ea0a6d914d36b2e6a9170ffbfc3994cf4823a95c-768x577.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During World War II, Potato Pete, a dapper cartoon spud with a jaunty cap and spats, instructed U.K. consumers on the humble tuber's many uses – not just in standards like scalloped potatoes and savory pies, but also in more surprising options, like potato scones and waffles. \u003ccite>(Imperial War Museums (Art.IWM PST 6080))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And, during World War II, U.K. consumers were introduced to Potato Pete, a dapper cartoon spud with a jaunty cap and spats, who \u003ca href=\"http://www.kingscollections.org/exhibitions/archives/food/ww2/pete#Gallery\">instructed them\u003c/a> on the humble tuber's many uses – not just in standards like scalloped potatoes and savory pies, but also in more surprising options, like potato scones and waffles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, Mason says the only bakery-made bread for sale in Britain during much of World War II was something called the National Loaf.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>This was a coarse, wholemeal bread that used as much grain as possible, including the husks — and which, Mason admits, was \"generally unpopular with the average shopper.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107146\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/save_the_wheat_enl-c8c5fd644131d59a7acaab812eb98cd32ed2e622-400x606.jpg\" alt=\"During World War I, ships bringing imported food supplies into Britain were extremely vulnerable to German U-boat attack. By 1917, 400 Allied ships a month were being sunk. Although wheat was imported from new sources, and Britain's own harvest reached record levels, the government actively encouraged economy.\" width=\"400\" height=\"606\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-107146\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/save_the_wheat_enl-c8c5fd644131d59a7acaab812eb98cd32ed2e622-400x606.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/save_the_wheat_enl-c8c5fd644131d59a7acaab812eb98cd32ed2e622.jpg 528w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During World War I, ships bringing imported food supplies into Britain were extremely vulnerable to German U-boat attack. By 1917, 400 Allied ships a month were being sunk. Although wheat was imported from new sources, and Britain's own harvest reached record levels, the government actively encouraged economy. \u003ccite>(Imperial War Museums (Art.IWM PST 4470))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>American consumers weren't drooling over the taste of war bread, either. The writer of a 1918 \u003ca href=\"https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/55299179/?terms=war%2Bbread\" target=\"_blank\">story\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>Brooklyn Daily Eagle\u003c/em> glumly reported that the texture and flavor of war-time bread \"are suggestive of saw dust,\" and noted that \"it doesn't tempt appetite.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, writers were quick to add that war breads were a patriotic duty: As the \u003cem>Daily Eagle \u003c/em>noted, \"Of course, we are resigned — we are even glad — to eat them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the government and media outlets made sure people didn't forget that duty. A \u003ca href=\"http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88085187/1917-04-24/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1836&index=15&rows=20&words=bread+war&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1922&proxtext=war+bread&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1\" target=\"_blank\">front-page story\u003c/a> in an April 1917 issue of Washington state's \u003cem>Tacoma Times \u003c/em>newspaper featured a drawing of Uncle Sam admonishing readers to \"avoid wastefulness and shun white-flour bread.\" That same month, Chicago's \u003cem>Day Book\u003c/em> chided consumers who ate white bread, reminding them that \"war bread is more essential than bullets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agencies in the U.K. also laid on the guilt trip to keep consumers away from white bread. \u003ca href=\"http://www.iwm.org.uk/history/8-handy-tips-from-the-ministry-of-food#entry8\">Short propaganda films\u003c/a> produced by the British Ministry of Food during World War II urged citizens to \"make the most of every crumb,\" because \"bread is worth more than dough.\" Posters echoed this sentiment, trumpeting, \"Save the Wheat and Help the Fleet,\" and \"The Kitchen Is the Key to Victory: Eat Less Bread.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jessica Leigh Hester writes about urbanism and history. She lives in Brooklyn. \u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Finding bread alternatives may seem like a thoroughly modern obsession. But, during both world wars, consumers were urged to give up their white bread habit for the national good.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1456267436,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":1245},"headData":{"title":"'Save The Fleet, Eat Less Wheat': The Patriotic History Of Ditching Bread | KQED","description":"Finding bread alternatives may seem like a thoroughly modern obsession. But, during both world wars, consumers were urged to give up their white bread habit for the national good.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"107141 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=107141","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/02/23/save-the-fleet-eat-less-wheat-the-patriotic-history-of-ditching-bread/","disqusTitle":"'Save The Fleet, Eat Less Wheat': The Patriotic History Of Ditching Bread","nprByline":"Jessica Leigh Hester, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/nprfood/\">NPR Food\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"Imperial War Museums (Art.IWM PST 6080)","nprStoryId":"466956650","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=466956650&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/02/23/466956650/save-the-fleet-eat-less-wheat-the-patriotic-history-of-ditching-bread?ft=nprml&f=466956650","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 23 Feb 2016 13:41:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 23 Feb 2016 13:40:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 23 Feb 2016 13:41:33 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/107141/save-the-fleet-eat-less-wheat-the-patriotic-history-of-ditching-bread","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107143\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 760px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/army-bakery_enl-66b09909b507fb4d30cf826ba8034119cb2e6ddb.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. soldiers sack bread ready for shipment, shortly after the end of World War I.\" width=\"760\" height=\"581\" class=\"size-full wp-image-107143\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/army-bakery_enl-66b09909b507fb4d30cf826ba8034119cb2e6ddb.jpg 760w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/army-bakery_enl-66b09909b507fb4d30cf826ba8034119cb2e6ddb-400x306.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. soldiers sack bread ready for shipment, shortly after the end of World War I. \u003ccite>(The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Photography Collection/The New York Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Finding bread alternatives may seem like a thoroughly modern obsession. (Can someone pass the chia-millet rolls?) But the widespread search for substitutes to white flour, in particular, dates back at least a century, to World War I, when Allied forces aggressively urged consumers to change their starchy habits for nationalistic reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one hand, bread was symbolically important: It conjured ideas of comfort that were especially welcome during a time of fear and turmoil. The act of sharing a loaf — literally breaking bread together — carried psychological weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you had bread, you were OK,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.joannelambhayes.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Joanne Lamb Hayes\u003c/a>, author of the book \u003cem>Grandma's Wartime Kitchen\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problem was, diners on both sides of the ocean had a taste for white bread, which only made use of part of the wheat crop, and wasted the rest. Plus, Britain, an island nation, imported much of its food, including its grain – a task made harder with German submarines prowling the waters. In this atmosphere, indulging in white flour was viewed as wastefulness akin to aiding and abetting the enemy. At the same time, Allied forces called on the U.S. to donate some of its wheat crop to feed troops and civilians overseas. So, in the U.S. and U.K., government campaigns encouraged patriots to give up refined white bread in favor of heartier whole wheat, or to add other ingredients as fillers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107144\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/sendthemwheat_custom-925dc146ed4355c20a735491676a771d63c9a9cb.jpg\" alt=\"A poster produced by the U.S. Food Administration during World War I. "There was a feeling that the troops deserved white bread, and the rest of us could add cornmeal or rye flour," says Joanne Lamb Hayes, author of Grandma's Wartime Kitchen.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" class=\"size-full wp-image-107144\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/sendthemwheat_custom-925dc146ed4355c20a735491676a771d63c9a9cb.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/sendthemwheat_custom-925dc146ed4355c20a735491676a771d63c9a9cb-400x319.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/sendthemwheat_custom-925dc146ed4355c20a735491676a771d63c9a9cb-800x638.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/sendthemwheat_custom-925dc146ed4355c20a735491676a771d63c9a9cb-768x613.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/sendthemwheat_custom-925dc146ed4355c20a735491676a771d63c9a9cb-960x766.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A poster produced by the U.S. Food Administration during World War I. \"There was a feeling that the troops deserved white bread, and the rest of us could add cornmeal or rye flour,\" says Joanne Lamb Hayes, author of Grandma's Wartime Kitchen. \u003ccite>(Harvey Dunn/U.S. Food Administration/Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"There was a feeling that the troops deserved white bread, and the rest of us could add cornmeal or rye flour,\" says Hayes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S. during World War I, the federal Food Administration encouraged substituting ground oats, cornmeal, rice, barley, potato and buckwheat in place of wheat flour. (Yep — the same kinds of ingredients you'll find in today's frozen gluten-free waffles.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oregon, for instance, the loaf locally called \"war bread\" contained 40 percent wheat substitutes, such as corn, barley, or rice flour; another type, known as \"victory bread,\" contained 25 percent substitutes. Those who munched on war bread, readers of the Oregon \u003cem>E\u003c/em>\u003cem>vening Herald \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn99063812/1918-05-10/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1836&index=12&rows=20&words=BREAD+bread+Bread+War+WAR+war&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1922&proxtext=war+bread&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1\">were told\u003c/a>, were \"15 per cent more patriotic than the one who eats victory bread.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107145\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/eat-less-bread_enl-9d7d60f7415cd2e14ac3813fcddaf28db31ec84d-400x599.jpg\" alt='A British propaganda poster from World War I reminds consumers that \"The Kitchen is the Key to Victory. Eat Less Bread.\"' width=\"400\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-107145\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/eat-less-bread_enl-9d7d60f7415cd2e14ac3813fcddaf28db31ec84d-400x599.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/eat-less-bread_enl-9d7d60f7415cd2e14ac3813fcddaf28db31ec84d.jpg 668w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A British propaganda poster from World War I reminds consumers that \"The Kitchen is the Key to Victory. Eat Less Bread.\" \u003ccite>(Special Collections, USDA National Agricultural Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One 1918 pamphlet described these alternative breads as \"foods that will win the war.\" One wheatless meal per family per day, the pamphlet estimated, \"would mean a saving of 90,000,000 bushels of wheat, which totals 5,400,000,000 lbs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American home bakers were also encouraged to mash up potatoes in their breads, because, as Hayes explains, \"people could grow some sort of potato in their victory garden.\" Whereas \"with wheat, you really needed a farm.\" Some newspapers even ran daily potato recipes, such as one for \u003ca href=\"https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/55292406/?terms=war%2Bbread\" target=\"_blank\">mashed potato biscuits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ditching white bread for the good of the nation was also a theme during World War II, though American eaters weren't psyched about it. As Aaron Bobow-Strain explains in the book \u003cem>White Bread: A Social History of the Store-Bought Loaf,\u003c/em> \"during the 1930s and '40s, Americans got more calories from white bread than from any other food,\" and glared at attempts to tweak the recipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, newspapers under the Hearst umbrella dutifully \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrvmuseum.org/journal/journal_ftbr_0404.htm\" target=\"_blank\">compiled recipes\u003c/a> by the pseudonymous \"Prudence Penny,\" who doled out patriotic calls to arms softened by singsong rhymes. The resulting cookbook, \u003cem>Prudence Penny's Coupon Cookery,\u003c/em> included ditties like this, an ode to whole grain flour as an alternative to white:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The cook who bakes her bread and rolls is everybody's pal\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just that tantalizing fragrance will help to build morale\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America is rich in grain, and grain is rich in health\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whole-grain bread and cereals may prove our nation's wealth\n\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Wartime ingredient swaps were common in the U.K., too, during both world wars,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>says \u003ca href=\"http://www.iwm.org.uk/authors/amanda-mason\" target=\"_blank\">Amanda Mason\u003c/a>, a historian at the Imperial War Museum in London. Dried eggs — more widely available than fresh ones — became baking staples. Sausage meatloaf molded into the shape of a turkey or duck masqueraded as festive holiday fare. Parsnips were cast as fake bananas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107142\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/potato-pete_enl-ea0a6d914d36b2e6a9170ffbfc3994cf4823a95c.jpg\" alt=\"During World War II, Potato Pete, a dapper cartoon spud with a jaunty cap and spats, instructed U.K. consumers on the humble tuber's many uses – not just in standards like scalloped potatoes and savory pies, but also in more surprising options, like potato scones and waffles.\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" class=\"size-full wp-image-107142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/potato-pete_enl-ea0a6d914d36b2e6a9170ffbfc3994cf4823a95c.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/potato-pete_enl-ea0a6d914d36b2e6a9170ffbfc3994cf4823a95c-400x301.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/potato-pete_enl-ea0a6d914d36b2e6a9170ffbfc3994cf4823a95c-768x577.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During World War II, Potato Pete, a dapper cartoon spud with a jaunty cap and spats, instructed U.K. consumers on the humble tuber's many uses – not just in standards like scalloped potatoes and savory pies, but also in more surprising options, like potato scones and waffles. \u003ccite>(Imperial War Museums (Art.IWM PST 6080))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And, during World War II, U.K. consumers were introduced to Potato Pete, a dapper cartoon spud with a jaunty cap and spats, who \u003ca href=\"http://www.kingscollections.org/exhibitions/archives/food/ww2/pete#Gallery\">instructed them\u003c/a> on the humble tuber's many uses – not just in standards like scalloped potatoes and savory pies, but also in more surprising options, like potato scones and waffles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, Mason says the only bakery-made bread for sale in Britain during much of World War II was something called the National Loaf.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>This was a coarse, wholemeal bread that used as much grain as possible, including the husks — and which, Mason admits, was \"generally unpopular with the average shopper.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107146\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/save_the_wheat_enl-c8c5fd644131d59a7acaab812eb98cd32ed2e622-400x606.jpg\" alt=\"During World War I, ships bringing imported food supplies into Britain were extremely vulnerable to German U-boat attack. By 1917, 400 Allied ships a month were being sunk. Although wheat was imported from new sources, and Britain's own harvest reached record levels, the government actively encouraged economy.\" width=\"400\" height=\"606\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-107146\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/save_the_wheat_enl-c8c5fd644131d59a7acaab812eb98cd32ed2e622-400x606.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2016/02/save_the_wheat_enl-c8c5fd644131d59a7acaab812eb98cd32ed2e622.jpg 528w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During World War I, ships bringing imported food supplies into Britain were extremely vulnerable to German U-boat attack. By 1917, 400 Allied ships a month were being sunk. Although wheat was imported from new sources, and Britain's own harvest reached record levels, the government actively encouraged economy. \u003ccite>(Imperial War Museums (Art.IWM PST 4470))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>American consumers weren't drooling over the taste of war bread, either. The writer of a 1918 \u003ca href=\"https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/55299179/?terms=war%2Bbread\" target=\"_blank\">story\u003c/a> in the \u003cem>Brooklyn Daily Eagle\u003c/em> glumly reported that the texture and flavor of war-time bread \"are suggestive of saw dust,\" and noted that \"it doesn't tempt appetite.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, writers were quick to add that war breads were a patriotic duty: As the \u003cem>Daily Eagle \u003c/em>noted, \"Of course, we are resigned — we are even glad — to eat them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the government and media outlets made sure people didn't forget that duty. A \u003ca href=\"http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88085187/1917-04-24/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1836&index=15&rows=20&words=bread+war&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1922&proxtext=war+bread&y=0&x=0&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1\" target=\"_blank\">front-page story\u003c/a> in an April 1917 issue of Washington state's \u003cem>Tacoma Times \u003c/em>newspaper featured a drawing of Uncle Sam admonishing readers to \"avoid wastefulness and shun white-flour bread.\" That same month, Chicago's \u003cem>Day Book\u003c/em> chided consumers who ate white bread, reminding them that \"war bread is more essential than bullets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agencies in the U.K. also laid on the guilt trip to keep consumers away from white bread. \u003ca href=\"http://www.iwm.org.uk/history/8-handy-tips-from-the-ministry-of-food#entry8\">Short propaganda films\u003c/a> produced by the British Ministry of Food during World War II urged citizens to \"make the most of every crumb,\" because \"bread is worth more than dough.\" Posters echoed this sentiment, trumpeting, \"Save the Wheat and Help the Fleet,\" and \"The Kitchen Is the Key to Victory: Eat Less Bread.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jessica Leigh Hester writes about urbanism and history. She lives in Brooklyn. \u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/107141/save-the-fleet-eat-less-wheat-the-patriotic-history-of-ditching-bread","authors":["byline_bayareabites_107141"],"categories":["bayareabites_2090","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_59","bayareabites_15304","bayareabites_3545","bayareabites_15303"],"featImg":"bayareabites_107146","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_103609":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_103609","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"103609","score":null,"sort":[1448031644000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"diy-get-the-best-tasting-flour-tortillas-by-making-them-at-home","title":"DIY: Get the Best Tasting Flour Tortillas by Making Them at Home","publishDate":1448031644,"format":"image","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>I have never been much of a flour tortilla person. Give me a freshly made corn tortilla (or even a decent re-heated one), fill it with crisp carnitas or fried fish, and I’ll be beyond happy. Flour tortillas always seemed too fluffy, too bland, too chewy. But here’s the thing — I rarely ever find \u003cem>great\u003c/em> flour tortillas. I’ve really just eaten far too many half-stale, poorly heated flatbreads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"S89TTuI7TELe0wPRbkmXx6GYMyAFB9QD\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making tortillas at home is a good first start. Just like with corn tortillas, the flour version is always better fresh out of a skillet. But here’s the real secret to truly great tortillas — lard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103620\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103620\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard.jpg\" alt=\"Use high-quality lard for the best results.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Use high-quality lard for the best results. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yes, lard. It’s not only the most traditional fat to use for tortillas, but is also the most delicious. I think that it is important to choose a high-quality lard here; you really want to taste that hint of pork flavor. Plus, the remaining ingredients — flour and salt — are cheap, so you may as well go big here. I buy my lard from \u003ca href=\"http://thelocalbutchershop.com\">The Local Butcher Shop\u003c/a> in Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to make the tortillas vegan, you \u003cem>can\u003c/em> substitute vegetable oil for the lard, but I would only recommend doing so if absolutely necessary. (Some recipes call for vegetable shortening, but I don’t like to cook with it. Tortilla dough made with vegetable oil is \u003cem>slightly\u003c/em> stickier than that made with lard. You can cut back on the water by a dribble or two, or simply use a little extra flour for rolling out the tortillas.) Remember, flour tortillas aren’t exactly a health food, so you might as well make them taste as great as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103619\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103619\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-rubbed-into-flour.jpg\" alt=\"Rub the lard evenly into the flour.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-rubbed-into-flour.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-rubbed-into-flour-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-rubbed-into-flour-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-rubbed-into-flour-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-rubbed-into-flour-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-rubbed-into-flour-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rub the lard evenly into the flour. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Using your fingers, rub the lard into a mixture of flour and salt until it looks like a coarse meal. You’re going to be kneading the dough, so don’t worry about keeping pebbles of lard in the flour like you would when making pie crust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103622\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103622\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/shaggy-dough-on-counter.jpg\" alt=\"Tortilla dough before kneading.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/shaggy-dough-on-counter.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/shaggy-dough-on-counter-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/shaggy-dough-on-counter-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/shaggy-dough-on-counter-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/shaggy-dough-on-counter-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/shaggy-dough-on-counter-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tortilla dough before kneading. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103618\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103618\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/kneaded-dough.jpg\" alt=\" Tortilla dough after kneading.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/kneaded-dough.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/kneaded-dough-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/kneaded-dough-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/kneaded-dough-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/kneaded-dough-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/kneaded-dough-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tortilla dough after kneading. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now mix in warm water. Continue to use your hands to bring the mixture together into a shaggy dough. Dump the whole mess onto a flour-lined counter and knead. You don’t need to go too crazy here, just get the dough to the point where it is smooth and springy. This takes me about 2 or 3 minutes of kneading time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to roll out the tortillas with ease, it is important to let the flour hydrate and the gluten relax. I like to rest the dough in two stages. First, I let the whole thing rest, covered in a clean kitchen towel, for 15 minutes right after kneading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103623\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103623\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/twelve-rounds.jpg\" alt=\"Divide the dough into eight or twelve rounds and let it rest for 15 minutes.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1366\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/twelve-rounds.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/twelve-rounds-400x285.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/twelve-rounds-800x569.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/twelve-rounds-1440x1025.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/twelve-rounds-1180x840.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/twelve-rounds-960x683.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Divide the dough into eight or twelve rounds and let it rest for 15 minutes. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After those 15 minutes are up, I divide the dough into separate, tortilla-sized pieces. The number of pieces depends on how big you want your tortillas. Divide the dough into 12 pieces if you’re going for small soft taco sized tortillas. If you want larger tortillas that look more like what you’d find at the grocery store, divide the dough into eight pieces. Roll each piece into a small ball and then let the dough rest for another 15 minutes, covered with the kitchen towel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103617\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103617\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/heat-at-medium1.jpg\" alt=\"Let the skillet heat for at least 10 minutes before cooking the tortillas.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/heat-at-medium1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/heat-at-medium1-400x278.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/heat-at-medium1-800x556.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/heat-at-medium1-1440x1001.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/heat-at-medium1-1180x820.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/heat-at-medium1-960x667.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Let the skillet heat for at least 10 minutes before cooking the tortillas. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During this second resting phase, begin heating your cooking device. I use my large cast iron skillet, but you can use a griddle or a nonstick skillet. (Reduce the heating time if you’re going this route.) Set the skillet over medium heat and let it get hot. Line a plate with a second clean kitchen towel while you wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the dough has rested, you’re ready to roll. There are dedicated tortilla rolling pins out there in the universe, but I just use my regular rolling pin. It’s a little big, but works fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103621\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103621\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/rolled-dough.jpg\" alt=\"Perfectly round tortillas aren’t necessary.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1372\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/rolled-dough.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/rolled-dough-400x286.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/rolled-dough-800x572.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/rolled-dough-1440x1029.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/rolled-dough-1180x843.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/rolled-dough-960x686.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Perfectly round tortillas aren’t necessary. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roll one piece of dough at a time into as round of a tortilla as you can manage. It’s actually easier to get a circular shape with a larger piece of dough, but with practice, you can make nice mini tortillas as well. I like to work by first patting the dough ball into a flat round using my fingers. Then I use the rolling pin in short strokes, rotating the dough about one-eighth of a turn each time. I shoot for around five inches in diameter for small tortillas; eight inches for larger ones. The most important part is that the tortilla is of an even thickness; the shape doesn’t \u003cem>really\u003c/em> matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103613\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103613\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/bubbles.jpg\" alt=\"Let the tortilla cook on the first side until it begins to bubble.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/bubbles.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/bubbles-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/bubbles-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/bubbles-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/bubbles-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/bubbles-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Let the tortilla cook on the first side until it begins to bubble. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103616\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103616\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/flipped-tortilla.jpg\" alt=\"Each side of the tortilla should have golden brown spots.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/flipped-tortilla.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/flipped-tortilla-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/flipped-tortilla-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/flipped-tortilla-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/flipped-tortilla-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/flipped-tortilla-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Each side of the tortilla should have golden brown spots. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Transfer the tortilla to the hot skillet. It should sizzle just a bit. Once it starts to bubble and puff, lift up the edge of the tortilla with a rubber spatula or your fingers. The bottom should be covered in golden brown spots. Flip the tortilla and let it cook on the second side for the same amount of time. The total cooking time should only be 1 to 2 minutes; you want to make sure that you’ve cooked the flour all the way through, but you don’t want to end up with a stiff, crisp cracker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remove the tortilla from the skillet and transfer it to the prepared towel-lined plate. Continue to roll and cook the tortillas. Once you’ve got a rhythm down, you should be able to roll out a second tortilla while one is cooking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serve the tortillas warm, preferably filled with beer-battered fried fish and spicy coleslaw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103614\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-21.jpg\" alt=\"Homemade flour tortillas.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-21.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-21-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-21-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-21-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-21-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-21-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Homemade flour tortillas. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recipe: Homemade Flour Tortillas\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Makes: 8 medium or 12 small tortillas\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Note:\u003c/strong> You can substitute equal parts vegetable oil (I like safflower) for the lard. The dough will be slightly stickier than dough made with lard. You will likely have to compensate by increasing the amount of flour used on the counter to roll out the tortillas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ingredients:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>2 cups (284 grams) all-purpose flour, plus more for kneading and rolling\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1 ½ teaspoons kosher salt\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>¼ cup lard\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>½ cup warm water\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Instructions:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Combine flour and salt in a large bowl. Use your fingers to rub the lard into the flour until the mixture is uniform and resembles a coarse meal.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add the water and mix to form a shaggy dough. Transfer the dough to a lightly floured countertop. Knead the dough until smooth, 2 to 3 minutes. Cover with a clean kitchen towel and let rest for 15 minutes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Divide the rested dough into 8 (for medium) or 12 (for small) equal pieces. Roll each piece into a ball and cover with the kitchen towel. Let rest for 15 minutes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Meanwhile, heat a large cast iron skillet or griddle over medium heat. Line a plate with a clean kitchen towel.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Working one dough ball at a time, roll the rested dough into an even round on a lightly floured countertop. Medium tortillas should be 8 to 10 inches across; small tortillas should be to 5 to 6 inches across. Transfer tortilla to the hot skillet.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Cook the tortilla until it begins to bubble and brown on the first side, 30 seconds to 1 minute. Flip the tortilla and cook until browned on the second side, 30 seconds to 1 minute. Transfer to the prepared towel-lined plate and keep warm.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Repeat with remaining dough balls. Serve warm.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"There's only one secret to truly great homemade flour tortillas. Get the answer (and an easy recipe) from Kate Williams.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1546902140,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1330},"headData":{"title":"DIY: Get the Best Tasting Flour Tortillas by Making Them at Home | KQED","description":"There's only one secret to truly great homemade flour tortillas. Get the answer (and an easy recipe) from Kate Williams.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"103609 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=103609","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/11/20/diy-get-the-best-tasting-flour-tortillas-by-making-them-at-home/","disqusTitle":"DIY: Get the Best Tasting Flour Tortillas by Making Them at Home","path":"/bayareabites/103609/diy-get-the-best-tasting-flour-tortillas-by-making-them-at-home","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I have never been much of a flour tortilla person. Give me a freshly made corn tortilla (or even a decent re-heated one), fill it with crisp carnitas or fried fish, and I’ll be beyond happy. Flour tortillas always seemed too fluffy, too bland, too chewy. But here’s the thing — I rarely ever find \u003cem>great\u003c/em> flour tortillas. I’ve really just eaten far too many half-stale, poorly heated flatbreads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Making tortillas at home is a good first start. Just like with corn tortillas, the flour version is always better fresh out of a skillet. But here’s the real secret to truly great tortillas — lard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103620\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103620\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard.jpg\" alt=\"Use high-quality lard for the best results.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Use high-quality lard for the best results. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yes, lard. It’s not only the most traditional fat to use for tortillas, but is also the most delicious. I think that it is important to choose a high-quality lard here; you really want to taste that hint of pork flavor. Plus, the remaining ingredients — flour and salt — are cheap, so you may as well go big here. I buy my lard from \u003ca href=\"http://thelocalbutchershop.com\">The Local Butcher Shop\u003c/a> in Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to make the tortillas vegan, you \u003cem>can\u003c/em> substitute vegetable oil for the lard, but I would only recommend doing so if absolutely necessary. (Some recipes call for vegetable shortening, but I don’t like to cook with it. Tortilla dough made with vegetable oil is \u003cem>slightly\u003c/em> stickier than that made with lard. You can cut back on the water by a dribble or two, or simply use a little extra flour for rolling out the tortillas.) Remember, flour tortillas aren’t exactly a health food, so you might as well make them taste as great as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103619\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103619\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-rubbed-into-flour.jpg\" alt=\"Rub the lard evenly into the flour.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-rubbed-into-flour.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-rubbed-into-flour-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-rubbed-into-flour-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-rubbed-into-flour-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-rubbed-into-flour-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/lard-rubbed-into-flour-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rub the lard evenly into the flour. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Using your fingers, rub the lard into a mixture of flour and salt until it looks like a coarse meal. You’re going to be kneading the dough, so don’t worry about keeping pebbles of lard in the flour like you would when making pie crust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103622\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103622\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/shaggy-dough-on-counter.jpg\" alt=\"Tortilla dough before kneading.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/shaggy-dough-on-counter.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/shaggy-dough-on-counter-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/shaggy-dough-on-counter-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/shaggy-dough-on-counter-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/shaggy-dough-on-counter-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/shaggy-dough-on-counter-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tortilla dough before kneading. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103618\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103618\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/kneaded-dough.jpg\" alt=\" Tortilla dough after kneading.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/kneaded-dough.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/kneaded-dough-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/kneaded-dough-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/kneaded-dough-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/kneaded-dough-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/kneaded-dough-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tortilla dough after kneading. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now mix in warm water. Continue to use your hands to bring the mixture together into a shaggy dough. Dump the whole mess onto a flour-lined counter and knead. You don’t need to go too crazy here, just get the dough to the point where it is smooth and springy. This takes me about 2 or 3 minutes of kneading time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to roll out the tortillas with ease, it is important to let the flour hydrate and the gluten relax. I like to rest the dough in two stages. First, I let the whole thing rest, covered in a clean kitchen towel, for 15 minutes right after kneading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103623\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103623\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/twelve-rounds.jpg\" alt=\"Divide the dough into eight or twelve rounds and let it rest for 15 minutes.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1366\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/twelve-rounds.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/twelve-rounds-400x285.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/twelve-rounds-800x569.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/twelve-rounds-1440x1025.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/twelve-rounds-1180x840.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/twelve-rounds-960x683.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Divide the dough into eight or twelve rounds and let it rest for 15 minutes. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After those 15 minutes are up, I divide the dough into separate, tortilla-sized pieces. The number of pieces depends on how big you want your tortillas. Divide the dough into 12 pieces if you’re going for small soft taco sized tortillas. If you want larger tortillas that look more like what you’d find at the grocery store, divide the dough into eight pieces. Roll each piece into a small ball and then let the dough rest for another 15 minutes, covered with the kitchen towel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103617\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103617\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/heat-at-medium1.jpg\" alt=\"Let the skillet heat for at least 10 minutes before cooking the tortillas.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/heat-at-medium1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/heat-at-medium1-400x278.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/heat-at-medium1-800x556.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/heat-at-medium1-1440x1001.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/heat-at-medium1-1180x820.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/heat-at-medium1-960x667.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Let the skillet heat for at least 10 minutes before cooking the tortillas. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During this second resting phase, begin heating your cooking device. I use my large cast iron skillet, but you can use a griddle or a nonstick skillet. (Reduce the heating time if you’re going this route.) Set the skillet over medium heat and let it get hot. Line a plate with a second clean kitchen towel while you wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the dough has rested, you’re ready to roll. There are dedicated tortilla rolling pins out there in the universe, but I just use my regular rolling pin. It’s a little big, but works fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103621\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103621\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/rolled-dough.jpg\" alt=\"Perfectly round tortillas aren’t necessary.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1372\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/rolled-dough.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/rolled-dough-400x286.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/rolled-dough-800x572.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/rolled-dough-1440x1029.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/rolled-dough-1180x843.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/rolled-dough-960x686.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Perfectly round tortillas aren’t necessary. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Roll one piece of dough at a time into as round of a tortilla as you can manage. It’s actually easier to get a circular shape with a larger piece of dough, but with practice, you can make nice mini tortillas as well. I like to work by first patting the dough ball into a flat round using my fingers. Then I use the rolling pin in short strokes, rotating the dough about one-eighth of a turn each time. I shoot for around five inches in diameter for small tortillas; eight inches for larger ones. The most important part is that the tortilla is of an even thickness; the shape doesn’t \u003cem>really\u003c/em> matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103613\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103613\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/bubbles.jpg\" alt=\"Let the tortilla cook on the first side until it begins to bubble.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/bubbles.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/bubbles-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/bubbles-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/bubbles-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/bubbles-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/bubbles-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Let the tortilla cook on the first side until it begins to bubble. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103616\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103616\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/flipped-tortilla.jpg\" alt=\"Each side of the tortilla should have golden brown spots.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/flipped-tortilla.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/flipped-tortilla-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/flipped-tortilla-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/flipped-tortilla-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/flipped-tortilla-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/flipped-tortilla-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Each side of the tortilla should have golden brown spots. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Transfer the tortilla to the hot skillet. It should sizzle just a bit. Once it starts to bubble and puff, lift up the edge of the tortilla with a rubber spatula or your fingers. The bottom should be covered in golden brown spots. Flip the tortilla and let it cook on the second side for the same amount of time. The total cooking time should only be 1 to 2 minutes; you want to make sure that you’ve cooked the flour all the way through, but you don’t want to end up with a stiff, crisp cracker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remove the tortilla from the skillet and transfer it to the prepared towel-lined plate. Continue to roll and cook the tortillas. Once you’ve got a rhythm down, you should be able to roll out a second tortilla while one is cooking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serve the tortillas warm, preferably filled with beer-battered fried fish and spicy coleslaw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_103614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-103614\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-21.jpg\" alt=\"Homemade flour tortillas.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-21.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-21-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-21-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-21-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-21-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/11/finished-tortillas-21-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Homemade flour tortillas. \u003ccite>(Kate Williams)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recipe: Homemade Flour Tortillas\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Makes: 8 medium or 12 small tortillas\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Note:\u003c/strong> You can substitute equal parts vegetable oil (I like safflower) for the lard. The dough will be slightly stickier than dough made with lard. You will likely have to compensate by increasing the amount of flour used on the counter to roll out the tortillas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ingredients:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>2 cups (284 grams) all-purpose flour, plus more for kneading and rolling\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1 ½ teaspoons kosher salt\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>¼ cup lard\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>½ cup warm water\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Instructions:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Combine flour and salt in a large bowl. Use your fingers to rub the lard into the flour until the mixture is uniform and resembles a coarse meal.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add the water and mix to form a shaggy dough. Transfer the dough to a lightly floured countertop. Knead the dough until smooth, 2 to 3 minutes. Cover with a clean kitchen towel and let rest for 15 minutes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Divide the rested dough into 8 (for medium) or 12 (for small) equal pieces. Roll each piece into a ball and cover with the kitchen towel. Let rest for 15 minutes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Meanwhile, heat a large cast iron skillet or griddle over medium heat. Line a plate with a clean kitchen towel.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Working one dough ball at a time, roll the rested dough into an even round on a lightly floured countertop. Medium tortillas should be 8 to 10 inches across; small tortillas should be to 5 to 6 inches across. Transfer tortilla to the hot skillet.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Cook the tortilla until it begins to bubble and brown on the first side, 30 seconds to 1 minute. Flip the tortilla and cook until browned on the second side, 30 seconds to 1 minute. Transfer to the prepared towel-lined plate and keep warm.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Repeat with remaining dough balls. Serve warm.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/103609/diy-get-the-best-tasting-flour-tortillas-by-making-them-at-home","authors":["5485"],"categories":["bayareabites_2638","bayareabites_12"],"tags":["bayareabites_987","bayareabites_15088","bayareabites_758","bayareabites_15010","bayareabites_3545"],"featImg":"bayareabites_103615","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_88067":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_88067","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"88067","score":null,"sort":[1411774540000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"gmo-wheat-investigation-closed-but-another-one-opens","title":"GMO Wheat Investigation Closed, But Another One Opens","publishDate":1411774540,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88074\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/wheat_wide1-e1411773652535.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/wheat_wide1-e1411773652535.jpg\" alt=\"How did that genetically modified wheat end up in a field in Oregon? Investigators still don't know, but now they've found GMO wheat in Montana, too. Photo: iStockphoto\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" class=\"size-full wp-image-88074\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">How did that genetically modified wheat end up in a field in Oregon? Investigators still don't know, but now they've found GMO wheat in Montana, too. Photo: iStockphoto\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/09/26/351785294/gmo-wheat-investigation-closed-but-another-one-opens\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (9/26/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) say that they cannot figure out how genetically engineered wheat \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/30/187103955/gmo-wheat-found-in-oregon-field-howd-it-get-there\">appeared\u003c/a>, as if by magic, in a farmer's field in eastern Oregon in the spring of 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having \"exhausted all leads,\" the agency has now \u003ca href=\"http://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/newsroom/news/!ut/p/a1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfGjzOK9_D2MDJ0MjDzdXUyMDTzdPA2cAtz8jT1dTIEKIoEKnN0dPUzMfQwMDEwsjAw8XZw8XMwtfQ0MPM2I02-AAzgaENIfrh-FqsTfyMPCwNPPySjEP8DA2MDdDKoAnxPBCvC4oSA3NMIg01MRAL7m6Pg!/?1dmy&urile=wcm%3apath%3a%2FAPHIS_Content_Library%2FSA_Newsroom%2FSA_News%2FSA_By_Date%2FSA_2014%2FSA_09%2FCT_ge_wheat\">closed\u003c/a> the investigation. But that announcement was almost overshadowed by a new mini-bombshell: More unapproved GMO wheat was discovered this past summer at Montana State University's Southern Agricultural Research Center (SARC) in Huntley, Mont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was discovered when workers tried to clear a small field using the weedkiller glyphosate. Some wheat plants survived, because they carried the glyphosate-tolerance gene that the Monsanto Corporation had inserted into its GM varieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were field trials of such wheat at that research station from 2000 to 2003, but all the grain from those trials should have been removed or destroyed. If some unharvested GMO grain remained in the field, it could have grown unnoticed in the intervening years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Tracy, president of \u003ca href=\"http://www.uswheat.org/\">U.S. Wheat Associates\u003c/a>, which represents wheat exporters, downplayed the Montana discovery. \"We don't expect any reaction\" from wheat buyers, he says, because the GM wheat was found at a research station, rather than a commercial field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2013 discovery, on the other hand, rocked wheat markets. The genetically modified grain was never approved for sale, and it's unwelcome in countries that buy U.S. grain. Since it was found in a commercial wheat field, foreign buyers worried that GM wheat might have contaminated the entire American harvest, just as unapproved \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6734070\">GM rice\u003c/a> did in 2006. Japan and South Korea stopped buying U.S. wheat for a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tests relieved those worries. GM wheat was never found anywhere else — not in commercial seed, nor in shipments of grain. Normal trade resumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these tests only deepened the mystery. Where had this wheat come from? Investigators from APHIS interviewed farmers and took samples of wheat seed throughout the wheat-growing areas of Oregon and Washington, looking for clues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also carried out genetic analysis of the wheat that was found in the farmer's field, hoping to match it with a specific variety of wheat, and thus with a particular field trial in which that type of wheat was grown. (Monsanto carried out numerous field trials of GMO wheat until 2005, when it cancelled the program.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No clues emerged. The genetic tests showed that this GM wheat was a genetic mixture of different types of wheat. Wheat breeders create such mixtures in the course of their work, but seed companies don't sell them or carry out field trials of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto's chief technology officer, Robert Fraley, floated his own hypothesis in a teleconference with reporters last year. \"The fact pattern indicates the strong possibility that someone intentionally introduced wheat seed containing [Monsanto's new gene] into his field,\" he said at the time. He speculated that this could have been an act of sabotage carried out by anti-biotech activists who somehow had acquired genetically engineered seed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USDA investigators declined to endorse that scenario. \"We were not able to determine how it took place,\" says Bernadette Juarez, who led the APHIS investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol Mallory-Smith, a professor of weed science at Oregon State University, said that the rogue wheat — and other cases in which genetically modified crops have wandered far afield from their designated research plots — show that APHIS needs to monitor field trials of genetically modified crops more carefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People also need to realize that plant genes are likely to persist in the environment, once they're planted in open fields, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any time a new trait is put into the environment, there's really no way of retracting that gene or bringing it back and saying, 'We've changed our mind,' \" she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Investigators from the U.S. Department of Agriculture say they cannot figure out how genetically modified wheat got into an Oregon field. Now GM wheat has been found growing in Montana, too.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1411774540,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":692},"headData":{"title":"GMO Wheat Investigation Closed, But Another One Opens | KQED","description":"Investigators from the U.S. Department of Agriculture say they cannot figure out how genetically modified wheat got into an Oregon field. Now GM wheat has been found growing in Montana, too.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"88067 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=88067","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/09/26/gmo-wheat-investigation-closed-but-another-one-opens/","disqusTitle":"GMO Wheat Investigation Closed, But Another One Opens","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"351785294","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=351785294&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/09/26/351785294/gmo-wheat-investigation-closed-but-another-one-opens?ft=3&f=351785294","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 26 Sep 2014 18:15:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 26 Sep 2014 18:14:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 26 Sep 2014 18:15:07 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/88067/gmo-wheat-investigation-closed-but-another-one-opens","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_88074\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/wheat_wide1-e1411773652535.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/09/wheat_wide1-e1411773652535.jpg\" alt=\"How did that genetically modified wheat end up in a field in Oregon? Investigators still don't know, but now they've found GMO wheat in Montana, too. Photo: iStockphoto\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" class=\"size-full wp-image-88074\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">How did that genetically modified wheat end up in a field in Oregon? Investigators still don't know, but now they've found GMO wheat in Montana, too. Photo: iStockphoto\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\" target=\"_blank\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/09/26/351785294/gmo-wheat-investigation-closed-but-another-one-opens\" target=\"_blank\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (9/26/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) say that they cannot figure out how genetically engineered wheat \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/30/187103955/gmo-wheat-found-in-oregon-field-howd-it-get-there\">appeared\u003c/a>, as if by magic, in a farmer's field in eastern Oregon in the spring of 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having \"exhausted all leads,\" the agency has now \u003ca href=\"http://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/newsroom/news/!ut/p/a1/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfGjzOK9_D2MDJ0MjDzdXUyMDTzdPA2cAtz8jT1dTIEKIoEKnN0dPUzMfQwMDEwsjAw8XZw8XMwtfQ0MPM2I02-AAzgaENIfrh-FqsTfyMPCwNPPySjEP8DA2MDdDKoAnxPBCvC4oSA3NMIg01MRAL7m6Pg!/?1dmy&urile=wcm%3apath%3a%2FAPHIS_Content_Library%2FSA_Newsroom%2FSA_News%2FSA_By_Date%2FSA_2014%2FSA_09%2FCT_ge_wheat\">closed\u003c/a> the investigation. But that announcement was almost overshadowed by a new mini-bombshell: More unapproved GMO wheat was discovered this past summer at Montana State University's Southern Agricultural Research Center (SARC) in Huntley, Mont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was discovered when workers tried to clear a small field using the weedkiller glyphosate. Some wheat plants survived, because they carried the glyphosate-tolerance gene that the Monsanto Corporation had inserted into its GM varieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were field trials of such wheat at that research station from 2000 to 2003, but all the grain from those trials should have been removed or destroyed. If some unharvested GMO grain remained in the field, it could have grown unnoticed in the intervening years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Tracy, president of \u003ca href=\"http://www.uswheat.org/\">U.S. Wheat Associates\u003c/a>, which represents wheat exporters, downplayed the Montana discovery. \"We don't expect any reaction\" from wheat buyers, he says, because the GM wheat was found at a research station, rather than a commercial field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2013 discovery, on the other hand, rocked wheat markets. The genetically modified grain was never approved for sale, and it's unwelcome in countries that buy U.S. grain. Since it was found in a commercial wheat field, foreign buyers worried that GM wheat might have contaminated the entire American harvest, just as unapproved \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6734070\">GM rice\u003c/a> did in 2006. Japan and South Korea stopped buying U.S. wheat for a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tests relieved those worries. GM wheat was never found anywhere else — not in commercial seed, nor in shipments of grain. Normal trade resumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these tests only deepened the mystery. Where had this wheat come from? Investigators from APHIS interviewed farmers and took samples of wheat seed throughout the wheat-growing areas of Oregon and Washington, looking for clues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also carried out genetic analysis of the wheat that was found in the farmer's field, hoping to match it with a specific variety of wheat, and thus with a particular field trial in which that type of wheat was grown. (Monsanto carried out numerous field trials of GMO wheat until 2005, when it cancelled the program.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No clues emerged. The genetic tests showed that this GM wheat was a genetic mixture of different types of wheat. Wheat breeders create such mixtures in the course of their work, but seed companies don't sell them or carry out field trials of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto's chief technology officer, Robert Fraley, floated his own hypothesis in a teleconference with reporters last year. \"The fact pattern indicates the strong possibility that someone intentionally introduced wheat seed containing [Monsanto's new gene] into his field,\" he said at the time. He speculated that this could have been an act of sabotage carried out by anti-biotech activists who somehow had acquired genetically engineered seed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USDA investigators declined to endorse that scenario. \"We were not able to determine how it took place,\" says Bernadette Juarez, who led the APHIS investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol Mallory-Smith, a professor of weed science at Oregon State University, said that the rogue wheat — and other cases in which genetically modified crops have wandered far afield from their designated research plots — show that APHIS needs to monitor field trials of genetically modified crops more carefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People also need to realize that plant genes are likely to persist in the environment, once they're planted in open fields, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any time a new trait is put into the environment, there's really no way of retracting that gene or bringing it back and saying, 'We've changed our mind,' \" she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/88067/gmo-wheat-investigation-closed-but-another-one-opens","authors":["byline_bayareabites_88067"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_11270","bayareabites_10787","bayareabites_8913","bayareabites_3545"],"featImg":"bayareabites_88074","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_72285":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_72285","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"72285","score":null,"sort":[1382370126000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"raising-kids-gluten-free-in-an-eat-your-wheaties-culture","title":"Raising Kids Gluten-Free in an \"Eat your Wheaties\" Culture","publishDate":1382370126,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72289\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/10/kids-pancakes1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/10/kids-pancakes1000.jpg\" alt=\"Children eating a gluten-free pancake breakfast. Photo: Dara Thompson\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" class=\"size-full wp-image-72289\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children eating a gluten-free pancake breakfast. Photo: Dara Thompson\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In a culture where we have been told for decades to “eat your Wheaties” raising children gluten-free requires a new paradigm.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheat is one of our staple food crops and for many years whole wheat was synonymous with health food. These days, however, it is out of favor. A growing body of evidence suggests wheat and specifically gluten, the major protein of wheat, can be damaging to some people’s health. Conditions such as celiac disease, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23937528\">non-celiac gluten sensitivity\u003c/a> (NCGS) and wheat allergy are becoming increasingly common. These conditions affect adults and children alike, but for children the transition to a gluten-free diet can be especially challenging. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many children seem to live on pasta and bread. Parents may be afraid that without these favorite foods their kids will go hungry. Social gatherings and holidays are especially awkward and having to refuse or substitute food at birthday parties is a constant chore. Luckily resources are available and with increased public awareness, nourishing our children regardless of their dietary restrictions is getting easier. (\u003cem>See our list of resources for gluten-free kids below.\u003c/em>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72290\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/10/Sergio-Headshot1000-photoAlselino-Feliciano-.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/10/Sergio-Headshot1000-photoAlselino-Feliciano--290x193.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Sergio Azzolino. Photo: Alselino Feliciano\" width=\"290\" height=\"193\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-72290\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Sergio Azzolino. Photo: Alselino Feliciano\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To find out more about the benefits of gluten-free diets for kids I spoke with my colleague \u003ca href=\"http://www.azzolino.com/staff.html#sergio\">Dr. Sergio Azzolino\u003c/a>, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.brainbalancecenters.com/\">Brain Balance Achievement Centers of San Francisco\u003c/a>, a center dedicated to helping children with developmental and neurobehavioral disorders. Optimal nutrition is a cornerstone of the program and gluten-free diets are often used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> (\u003cem>Note: the following interview has been edited for length and clarity\u003c/em>) \u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What sort of changes do you see in children who go on a gluten-free diet?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Azzolino:\u003c/strong> I see very similar changes to what I see in adults. Most of the world is looking at the effects of gluten on the gastrointestinal system. But those of us who have been gluten free talk about our minds being clearer, having more energy and things of that nature. With children we see more clarity, better focus, and an overall reduction in negative behaviors. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think it is important for children to eat a gluten-free diet even if they don’t have celiac disease?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Azzolino:\u003c/strong> I think there is some danger in everyone jumping on the gluten-free bandwagon without adequate testing. But I do think, especially in San Francisco with the lack of vitamin D and all of the immunological challenges and toxicity, that there is too much gluten in children’s diets. When we work with autistic children at Brain Balance its usually not gluten that is causing their autism. These children have neurophysiologic delays that affect the immune system and that in turn weakens the gut barrier. With a faulty gut barrier system they become intolerant to many foods, similar to an adult who becomes chemically sensitive. There are a lot of people with gluten sensitivity who do not have celiac, so I’m a big fan of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cyrexlabs.com/\">Cyrex labs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So you think the Cyrex labs testing helps in diagnosing gluten sensitivity that wouldn’t be picked up on a normal celiac panel?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Azzolino:\u003c/strong> Yes, I’ve seen hundreds of tests where people’s sensitivities have been missed because they weren’t reacting against the specific alpha gliadin-33 protein that is commonly screened in celiac profiles. Cyrex labs tests 24 different markers and when we run the panel we see that people who tested negative for celiac are negative for that specific marker, but they have positive antibodies for one of the other proteins in gluten. Another important test is the cross-reactive foods panel. This test looks for reactivity to foods with very similar proteins to those found in gluten, so they practice molecular mimicry. A lot of people think that they are practicing a gluten-free lifestyle but they are sensitive to one of these cross-reactive foods. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there any practical advice that you would give to parents who are trying to raise their kids without gluten?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Azzolino:\u003c/strong> Absolutely, it's something I have a lot of experience with. My kids have been gluten-free for the past 5 years. Many parents will feel overwhelmed; that it is impossible. I tell them to start by purging their kitchen and laying all of the foods with gluten out on the counter. Once you look at it you realize that most of it is food that you shouldn’t be eating anyway, at least it shouldn’t be the mainstay of your diet. Food should come from your fridge or your fruit basket. I’m not one who advocates going gluten-free and replacing all of the doughnuts in your house with gluten-free doughnuts. However, if you need to do that as a special treat there are plenty of options. I regularly shop at Costco, Real Foods, Safeway, \u003ca href=\"http://www.traderjoes.com/pdf/lists/list-no-gluten.pdf\">Trader Joes\u003c/a> and Whole Foods. I am able to find gluten-free cereals, pasta, bread; there are lots of healthy alternatives for my kids. Then it becomes very easy for the children because it really comes down to what they are used to. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m also a strong advocate of having the whole family tested if you find that one child is gluten intolerant. They all have similar genes and there is a strong chance the other family members are reactive even if they aren’t showing obvious symptoms. Because we know the long-term health implications of untreated gluten intolerance, there is such a benefit to treating it at an early age. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is clear that the healthiest diet for children and adults is one that is based on whole unprocessed foods. But it is also important to balance optimal nutrition with the need to socialize and have fun.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>For those times when a gluten-free child needs his or her favorite comfort food, some resources are listed below:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>(\u003cem>Please note: Some of the products listed below are not manufactured in certified gluten-free facilities\u003c/em>).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Birthday cakes, cookies and cupcakes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cstrong>For prepared pastries try these local bakeries:\u003c/strong>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://flourchylde.com/\">Flour Chylde Bakery\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mariposabaking.com/\">Mariposa Baking Co.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://flourcraftbakery.com/\">Flour Craft Bakery\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.karascupcakes.com/\">Kara’s Cupcakes\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.migletsgf.com/\">Midglet’s gluten-free\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>or buy ready-made products and baking mixes from \u003ca href=\"http://pamelasproducts.com/\">Pamela’s gluten-free foods\u003c/a> at your local market.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Pizza\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2010/12/06/the-best-bay-area-gluten-free-pizzas/\">Many pizzerias in the Bay Area\u003c/a> are now offering gluten-free crust as an option. Be sure to ask at your favorite local pizza place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cstrong>For frozen pizza try:\u003c/strong>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.amys.com/products/product-detail/gluten-free/000100\">Amy’s\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.glutino.com/products/pizzas/\">Glutino\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://udisglutenfree.com/product-category/pizza-crust/\">Udi’s\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>or do it yourself with \u003ca href=\"http://www.mariposabaking.com/products/pizza-crust\">Mariposa baking company’s premade crusts\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Cereal\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nanajoes.com/\">Nana Joes Granola\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://shop.naturespath.com/Gluten-Free/c/NaturesPath@GlutenFree\">Nature’s Path\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.attunefoods.com/products/Gluten-Free-Breakfast\">Erewhon\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://glutenfreeoats.com/\">GF Harvest\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Pasta\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> For plain pasta the gluten-free options are plentiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cstrong> My favorites are:\u003c/strong>\n\u003cli> \u003ca href=\"http://www.tinkyada.com/\">Tinkyada\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.quinoa.net/145/163.html\">Ancient Harvest\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.andeandream.com/OtherProducts.html\">Andean Dream\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For that time honored kid’s favorite, try \u003ca href=\"http://www.amys.com/products/product-detail/entrees/000045\">Amy’s frozen Rice Mac and Cheese\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://www.annies.com/products/Gluten-Free-Pasta-Snacks\">Annie’s gluten-free Rice Pasta and Cheddar\u003c/a> from the box.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Crackers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Children need frequent snacks and crackers are one of the easiest portable foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>For gluten-free oatcakes try \u003ca href=\"http://www.nairns-oatcakes.com/gluten-free\">Nairn’s\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.glutino.com/products/crackers/\">Glutino\u003c/a> has a full line of cracker to replace those familiar staples such as Ritz and Saltines.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And who knew that Pepperidge Farms is now making \u003ca href=\"http://www.pepperidgefarm.com/ProductDetail.aspx?catID=2335\">gluten-free goldfish\u003c/a>! You can even \u003ca href=\"http://www.adventuresofaglutenfreemom.com/2011/12/reconstructing-goldfish-crackers-gluten-free-style/\">make your own goldfish at home\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cstrong>On Tuesday October 22, Dr. Thompson will be giving a free community lecture on controlling inflammation with diet, lifestyle and other natural therapies.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://foundationsofhealth.eventbrite.com/\">\u003cstrong>Get Information and Register for the Event.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Please note: The information in this article is not meant as medical advice or to diagnose or treat any condition.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"In a culture where we have been told for decades to “eat your Wheaties” raising children gluten-free requires a new paradigm.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1382452739,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":22,"wordCount":1283},"headData":{"title":"Raising Kids Gluten-Free in an \"Eat your Wheaties\" Culture | KQED","description":"In a culture where we have been told for decades to “eat your Wheaties” raising children gluten-free requires a new paradigm.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"72285 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=72285","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/10/21/raising-kids-gluten-free-in-an-eat-your-wheaties-culture/","disqusTitle":"Raising Kids Gluten-Free in an \"Eat your Wheaties\" Culture","path":"/bayareabites/72285/raising-kids-gluten-free-in-an-eat-your-wheaties-culture","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72289\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/10/kids-pancakes1000.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/10/kids-pancakes1000.jpg\" alt=\"Children eating a gluten-free pancake breakfast. Photo: Dara Thompson\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" class=\"size-full wp-image-72289\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children eating a gluten-free pancake breakfast. Photo: Dara Thompson\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In a culture where we have been told for decades to “eat your Wheaties” raising children gluten-free requires a new paradigm.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheat is one of our staple food crops and for many years whole wheat was synonymous with health food. These days, however, it is out of favor. A growing body of evidence suggests wheat and specifically gluten, the major protein of wheat, can be damaging to some people’s health. Conditions such as celiac disease, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23937528\">non-celiac gluten sensitivity\u003c/a> (NCGS) and wheat allergy are becoming increasingly common. These conditions affect adults and children alike, but for children the transition to a gluten-free diet can be especially challenging. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many children seem to live on pasta and bread. Parents may be afraid that without these favorite foods their kids will go hungry. Social gatherings and holidays are especially awkward and having to refuse or substitute food at birthday parties is a constant chore. Luckily resources are available and with increased public awareness, nourishing our children regardless of their dietary restrictions is getting easier. (\u003cem>See our list of resources for gluten-free kids below.\u003c/em>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_72290\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/10/Sergio-Headshot1000-photoAlselino-Feliciano-.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/10/Sergio-Headshot1000-photoAlselino-Feliciano--290x193.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Sergio Azzolino. Photo: Alselino Feliciano\" width=\"290\" height=\"193\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-72290\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Sergio Azzolino. Photo: Alselino Feliciano\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To find out more about the benefits of gluten-free diets for kids I spoke with my colleague \u003ca href=\"http://www.azzolino.com/staff.html#sergio\">Dr. Sergio Azzolino\u003c/a>, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.brainbalancecenters.com/\">Brain Balance Achievement Centers of San Francisco\u003c/a>, a center dedicated to helping children with developmental and neurobehavioral disorders. Optimal nutrition is a cornerstone of the program and gluten-free diets are often used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> (\u003cem>Note: the following interview has been edited for length and clarity\u003c/em>) \u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What sort of changes do you see in children who go on a gluten-free diet?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Azzolino:\u003c/strong> I see very similar changes to what I see in adults. Most of the world is looking at the effects of gluten on the gastrointestinal system. But those of us who have been gluten free talk about our minds being clearer, having more energy and things of that nature. With children we see more clarity, better focus, and an overall reduction in negative behaviors. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think it is important for children to eat a gluten-free diet even if they don’t have celiac disease?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Azzolino:\u003c/strong> I think there is some danger in everyone jumping on the gluten-free bandwagon without adequate testing. But I do think, especially in San Francisco with the lack of vitamin D and all of the immunological challenges and toxicity, that there is too much gluten in children’s diets. When we work with autistic children at Brain Balance its usually not gluten that is causing their autism. These children have neurophysiologic delays that affect the immune system and that in turn weakens the gut barrier. With a faulty gut barrier system they become intolerant to many foods, similar to an adult who becomes chemically sensitive. There are a lot of people with gluten sensitivity who do not have celiac, so I’m a big fan of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cyrexlabs.com/\">Cyrex labs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So you think the Cyrex labs testing helps in diagnosing gluten sensitivity that wouldn’t be picked up on a normal celiac panel?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Azzolino:\u003c/strong> Yes, I’ve seen hundreds of tests where people’s sensitivities have been missed because they weren’t reacting against the specific alpha gliadin-33 protein that is commonly screened in celiac profiles. Cyrex labs tests 24 different markers and when we run the panel we see that people who tested negative for celiac are negative for that specific marker, but they have positive antibodies for one of the other proteins in gluten. Another important test is the cross-reactive foods panel. This test looks for reactivity to foods with very similar proteins to those found in gluten, so they practice molecular mimicry. A lot of people think that they are practicing a gluten-free lifestyle but they are sensitive to one of these cross-reactive foods. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there any practical advice that you would give to parents who are trying to raise their kids without gluten?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Azzolino:\u003c/strong> Absolutely, it's something I have a lot of experience with. My kids have been gluten-free for the past 5 years. Many parents will feel overwhelmed; that it is impossible. I tell them to start by purging their kitchen and laying all of the foods with gluten out on the counter. Once you look at it you realize that most of it is food that you shouldn’t be eating anyway, at least it shouldn’t be the mainstay of your diet. Food should come from your fridge or your fruit basket. I’m not one who advocates going gluten-free and replacing all of the doughnuts in your house with gluten-free doughnuts. However, if you need to do that as a special treat there are plenty of options. I regularly shop at Costco, Real Foods, Safeway, \u003ca href=\"http://www.traderjoes.com/pdf/lists/list-no-gluten.pdf\">Trader Joes\u003c/a> and Whole Foods. I am able to find gluten-free cereals, pasta, bread; there are lots of healthy alternatives for my kids. Then it becomes very easy for the children because it really comes down to what they are used to. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m also a strong advocate of having the whole family tested if you find that one child is gluten intolerant. They all have similar genes and there is a strong chance the other family members are reactive even if they aren’t showing obvious symptoms. Because we know the long-term health implications of untreated gluten intolerance, there is such a benefit to treating it at an early age. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is clear that the healthiest diet for children and adults is one that is based on whole unprocessed foods. But it is also important to balance optimal nutrition with the need to socialize and have fun.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>For those times when a gluten-free child needs his or her favorite comfort food, some resources are listed below:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>(\u003cem>Please note: Some of the products listed below are not manufactured in certified gluten-free facilities\u003c/em>).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Birthday cakes, cookies and cupcakes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cstrong>For prepared pastries try these local bakeries:\u003c/strong>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://flourchylde.com/\">Flour Chylde Bakery\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mariposabaking.com/\">Mariposa Baking Co.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://flourcraftbakery.com/\">Flour Craft Bakery\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.karascupcakes.com/\">Kara’s Cupcakes\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.migletsgf.com/\">Midglet’s gluten-free\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>or buy ready-made products and baking mixes from \u003ca href=\"http://pamelasproducts.com/\">Pamela’s gluten-free foods\u003c/a> at your local market.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Pizza\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2010/12/06/the-best-bay-area-gluten-free-pizzas/\">Many pizzerias in the Bay Area\u003c/a> are now offering gluten-free crust as an option. Be sure to ask at your favorite local pizza place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cstrong>For frozen pizza try:\u003c/strong>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.amys.com/products/product-detail/gluten-free/000100\">Amy’s\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.glutino.com/products/pizzas/\">Glutino\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://udisglutenfree.com/product-category/pizza-crust/\">Udi’s\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>or do it yourself with \u003ca href=\"http://www.mariposabaking.com/products/pizza-crust\">Mariposa baking company’s premade crusts\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Cereal\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nanajoes.com/\">Nana Joes Granola\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://shop.naturespath.com/Gluten-Free/c/NaturesPath@GlutenFree\">Nature’s Path\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.attunefoods.com/products/Gluten-Free-Breakfast\">Erewhon\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://glutenfreeoats.com/\">GF Harvest\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Pasta\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> For plain pasta the gluten-free options are plentiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cstrong> My favorites are:\u003c/strong>\n\u003cli> \u003ca href=\"http://www.tinkyada.com/\">Tinkyada\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.quinoa.net/145/163.html\">Ancient Harvest\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.andeandream.com/OtherProducts.html\">Andean Dream\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For that time honored kid’s favorite, try \u003ca href=\"http://www.amys.com/products/product-detail/entrees/000045\">Amy’s frozen Rice Mac and Cheese\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://www.annies.com/products/Gluten-Free-Pasta-Snacks\">Annie’s gluten-free Rice Pasta and Cheddar\u003c/a> from the box.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Crackers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Children need frequent snacks and crackers are one of the easiest portable foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>For gluten-free oatcakes try \u003ca href=\"http://www.nairns-oatcakes.com/gluten-free\">Nairn’s\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.glutino.com/products/crackers/\">Glutino\u003c/a> has a full line of cracker to replace those familiar staples such as Ritz and Saltines.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And who knew that Pepperidge Farms is now making \u003ca href=\"http://www.pepperidgefarm.com/ProductDetail.aspx?catID=2335\">gluten-free goldfish\u003c/a>! You can even \u003ca href=\"http://www.adventuresofaglutenfreemom.com/2011/12/reconstructing-goldfish-crackers-gluten-free-style/\">make your own goldfish at home\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cstrong>On Tuesday October 22, Dr. Thompson will be giving a free community lecture on controlling inflammation with diet, lifestyle and other natural therapies.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://foundationsofhealth.eventbrite.com/\">\u003cstrong>Get Information and Register for the Event.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Please note: The information in this article is not meant as medical advice or to diagnose or treat any condition.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/72285/raising-kids-gluten-free-in-an-eat-your-wheaties-culture","authors":["5402"],"categories":["bayareabites_752","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_1246"],"tags":["bayareabites_1859","bayareabites_664","bayareabites_11132","bayareabites_12574","bayareabites_138","bayareabites_8552","bayareabites_3545"],"featImg":"bayareabites_72288","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_71091":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_71091","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"71091","score":null,"sort":[1380264109000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"doctors-say-changes-in-wheat-do-not-explain-rise-of-celiac-disease","title":"Doctors Say Changes In Wheat Do Not Explain Rise Of Celiac Disease","publishDate":1380264109,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71101\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/09/wheat.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/09/wheat.jpg\" alt=\"About 40 years ago wheat breeders introduced new varieties of wheat that helped farmers increase their grain yields. But scientists say those varieties aren't linked to the rise in celiac disease. Photo: Karen Bleier/AFP/Getty Images\" width=\"1120\" height=\"838\" class=\"size-full wp-image-71101\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About 40 years ago wheat breeders introduced new varieties of wheat that helped farmers increase their grain yields. But scientists say those varieties aren't linked to the rise in celiac disease. Photo: Karen Bleier/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/09/26/226510988/doctors-say-changes-in-wheat-do-not-explain-rise-of-celiac-disease\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/09/20130926_atc_16.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by Allison Aubrey and Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/09/26/226510988/doctors-say-changes-in-wheat-do-not-explain-rise-of-celiac-disease\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (9/26/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheat has been getting a bad rap lately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many folks are experimenting with the gluten-free diet, and a best-selling book called \u003ca href=\"http://www.wheatbellyblog.com/\">Wheat Belly\u003c/a> has helped drive a lot of the interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wheat is the most destructive thing you could put on your plate, no question,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.wheatbellyblog.com/about-the-author/\">William Davis\u003c/a>, a cardiologist in Milwaukee, Wis., who authored the book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis' drastic views on the ills of wheat were shaped by his own personal experience. Twenty-five years ago, he had Type 2 diabetes, as well as a host of other common ailments including \"mind fog, mood swings, joint pains and acid reflux,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after he stopped eating wheat, he says, his health improved. And he's seen the same kinds of results when his patients go on wheat-free diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You take wheat out of the diet and you literally see lives transformed,\" Davis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis' beliefs are way outside the mainstream. Most doctors don't think wheat causes problems for most people. Nonetheless, with a growing number of people claiming they feel better without wheat, Davis says there's something going on here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His theory is that modern varieties of wheat are to blame. He says the wheat of yesteryear didn't make people sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know that celiac disease has doubled in the last 20 years,\" Davis says. And he says we known that humans have probably not changed, \"so the more likely culprit is the wheat itself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's true that about 40 years ago, breeders introduced new varieties of wheat that helped farmers increase their grain yields. Those varieties, which came out of the Green Revolution, now make up 90 percent of all the wheat that farmers grow around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the claim that the more productive wheat is somehow making people sick didn't sound right to scientists who work with the crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I never thought that wheat was toxic,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130734134\">Donald Kasarda\u003c/a>, who has studied gluten proteins for more than 40 years as a research chemist for the U.S. Department of Agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kasarda says when he saw there was speculation that the rise in celiac disease and gluten sensitivities was linked to breeders increasing the amount of gluten in wheat, he was very skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seemed strange to me,\" says Kasarda. As far as he knew, gluten levels had remained about the same. And when he dug deeper, combing through the scientific literature, he found no significant differences in gluten levels in wheat from the early part of the 20th century, compared with gluten levels from the latter half of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, when it comes to an increase of gluten in modern wheat? \"As I suspected, I didn't find any evidence that this is true,\" says Kasarda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kasarda presented his research at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.icds2013.org/\">International Celiac Disease Symposium\u003c/a> this week. And he published \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jf305122s\">his findings\u003c/a> in the peer-reviewed \u003cem>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, \u003cem>Wheat Belly\u003c/em> author Davis believes there are more subtle changes in the wheat plant that are leading to the problems. But there's no scientific agreement on this. And in the medical world, there's a lot of pushback against the idea that modern wheat is toxic to all of us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I certainly think that's an overstatement,\" celiac expert \u003ca href=\"http://www.bidmc.org/Profiles/Daniel-A-Leffler-MD-MS.aspx\">Daniel Leffler\u003c/a> told us. Leffler directs research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and is on the faculty at Harvard Medical School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think there's one evil food causing the problem in our society,\" Leffler says. In fact, he says most people eat wheat with no problem. \"There's good evidence that the vast majority of people actually do just fine with wheat.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> Leffler says it's true that the prevalence of celiac disease is up. Most experts agree that about 1 percent of the population has this condition, which makes it very vulnerable to even small amounts of gluten, and they say it isn't just due to better diagnosis and awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also a growing consensus that another portion of the population does have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.celiaccentral.org/non-celiac-gluten-sensitivity/%E2%80%8E\">nonceliac gluten sensitivity\u003c/a>. That means they test negative for celiac disease but have some similar symptoms — like diarrhea, abdominal pain and headaches — after eating foods with gluten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leffler says there's likely no single cause leading to the increased prevalence of celiac. And he doesn't agree with the notion that changes to modern wheat could explain what's happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We sort of chafe at these oversimplistic theories that purport to explain an entire rise in a disease,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leffler says the increase in celiac disease comes at a time when lots of other autoimmune diseases and allergies are on the rise, too. And one theory that might help explain this phenomenon is the so-called \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/03/23/149232765/why-getting-grimy-as-a-child-can-make-for-a-healthier-life\">hygiene hypothesis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the idea that our environment has become so clean and sterile that our immune systems no longer have to fend off so many bugs and infections, especially when we're young. As a result, our immune systems start to overreact to things that should be harmless, such as wheat or peanuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can see very quickly how this gets really complicated,\" Leffler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many other theories that could help explain gluten intolerances. Some scientists are looking at the changes in gut bacteria. There's also growing evidence that antibiotic use early in life and the timing of introducing babies to wheat and other grains could favor the onset of celiac disease \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2010/09/27/130160161/adults-can-develop-celiac-disease-later-in-life-study-finds\">later in life\u003c/a>, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.cureceliacdisease.org/who-we-are/staff-bios#guandalini\">Stefano Guandalini\u003c/a>, a professor of pediatrics at the University of Chicago and medical director of the university's Celiac Disease Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for why so many people say they feel better on a gluten-free diet, Guandalini says that might have nothing to do with the gluten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could be another protein in wheat,\" he says. \"It could also be that once you remove gluten, you're also removing a number of other carbohydrates that are hard to digest. So you eliminate them and that makes you feel better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he admits, doctors are really just beginning to understand what gluten sensitivity truly is. \"It's a moving target,\" Guandalini says. \"The more we learn the less we really know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leffler of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center agrees that we should stay tuned on this one. But in the meantime, don't think you have to avoid wheat if you enjoy bread and pasta and tolerate them well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A doctor who authored the book \u003cem>Wheat Belly\u003c/em> claims that changes to modern varieties of wheat have have caused the rise in celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. But other doctors have other theories to explain why wheat makes some people sick.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1380264109,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":36,"wordCount":1159},"headData":{"title":"Doctors Say Changes In Wheat Do Not Explain Rise Of Celiac Disease | KQED","description":"A doctor who authored the book Wheat Belly claims that changes to modern varieties of wheat have have caused the rise in celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. But other doctors have other theories to explain why wheat makes some people sick.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"71091 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=71091","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/09/26/doctors-say-changes-in-wheat-do-not-explain-rise-of-celiac-disease/","disqusTitle":"Doctors Say Changes In Wheat Do Not Explain Rise Of Celiac Disease","nprByline":"Allison Aubrey and Eliza Barclay","nprStoryId":"226510988","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=226510988&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/09/26/226510988/doctors-say-changes-in-wheat-do-not-explain-rise-of-celiac-disease?ft=3&f=226510988","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 26 Sep 2013 23:02:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 26 Sep 2013 15:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 26 Sep 2013 23:04:16 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/09/20130926_atc_16.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=226510988","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1226493786-dd2227.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=226510988","path":"/bayareabites/71091/doctors-say-changes-in-wheat-do-not-explain-rise-of-celiac-disease","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/09/20130926_atc_16.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=226510988","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_71101\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/09/wheat.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/09/wheat.jpg\" alt=\"About 40 years ago wheat breeders introduced new varieties of wheat that helped farmers increase their grain yields. But scientists say those varieties aren't linked to the rise in celiac disease. Photo: Karen Bleier/AFP/Getty Images\" width=\"1120\" height=\"838\" class=\"size-full wp-image-71101\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About 40 years ago wheat breeders introduced new varieties of wheat that helped farmers increase their grain yields. But scientists say those varieties aren't linked to the rise in celiac disease. Photo: Karen Bleier/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/09/26/226510988/doctors-say-changes-in-wheat-do-not-explain-rise-of-celiac-disease\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/09/20130926_atc_16.mp3","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by Allison Aubrey and Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/09/26/226510988/doctors-say-changes-in-wheat-do-not-explain-rise-of-celiac-disease\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (9/26/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheat has been getting a bad rap lately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many folks are experimenting with the gluten-free diet, and a best-selling book called \u003ca href=\"http://www.wheatbellyblog.com/\">Wheat Belly\u003c/a> has helped drive a lot of the interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wheat is the most destructive thing you could put on your plate, no question,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.wheatbellyblog.com/about-the-author/\">William Davis\u003c/a>, a cardiologist in Milwaukee, Wis., who authored the book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis' drastic views on the ills of wheat were shaped by his own personal experience. Twenty-five years ago, he had Type 2 diabetes, as well as a host of other common ailments including \"mind fog, mood swings, joint pains and acid reflux,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after he stopped eating wheat, he says, his health improved. And he's seen the same kinds of results when his patients go on wheat-free diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You take wheat out of the diet and you literally see lives transformed,\" Davis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis' beliefs are way outside the mainstream. Most doctors don't think wheat causes problems for most people. Nonetheless, with a growing number of people claiming they feel better without wheat, Davis says there's something going on here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His theory is that modern varieties of wheat are to blame. He says the wheat of yesteryear didn't make people sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know that celiac disease has doubled in the last 20 years,\" Davis says. And he says we known that humans have probably not changed, \"so the more likely culprit is the wheat itself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's true that about 40 years ago, breeders introduced new varieties of wheat that helped farmers increase their grain yields. Those varieties, which came out of the Green Revolution, now make up 90 percent of all the wheat that farmers grow around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the claim that the more productive wheat is somehow making people sick didn't sound right to scientists who work with the crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I never thought that wheat was toxic,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130734134\">Donald Kasarda\u003c/a>, who has studied gluten proteins for more than 40 years as a research chemist for the U.S. Department of Agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kasarda says when he saw there was speculation that the rise in celiac disease and gluten sensitivities was linked to breeders increasing the amount of gluten in wheat, he was very skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seemed strange to me,\" says Kasarda. As far as he knew, gluten levels had remained about the same. And when he dug deeper, combing through the scientific literature, he found no significant differences in gluten levels in wheat from the early part of the 20th century, compared with gluten levels from the latter half of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, when it comes to an increase of gluten in modern wheat? \"As I suspected, I didn't find any evidence that this is true,\" says Kasarda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kasarda presented his research at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.icds2013.org/\">International Celiac Disease Symposium\u003c/a> this week. And he published \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jf305122s\">his findings\u003c/a> in the peer-reviewed \u003cem>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, \u003cem>Wheat Belly\u003c/em> author Davis believes there are more subtle changes in the wheat plant that are leading to the problems. But there's no scientific agreement on this. And in the medical world, there's a lot of pushback against the idea that modern wheat is toxic to all of us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I certainly think that's an overstatement,\" celiac expert \u003ca href=\"http://www.bidmc.org/Profiles/Daniel-A-Leffler-MD-MS.aspx\">Daniel Leffler\u003c/a> told us. Leffler directs research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and is on the faculty at Harvard Medical School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think there's one evil food causing the problem in our society,\" Leffler says. In fact, he says most people eat wheat with no problem. \"There's good evidence that the vast majority of people actually do just fine with wheat.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> Leffler says it's true that the prevalence of celiac disease is up. Most experts agree that about 1 percent of the population has this condition, which makes it very vulnerable to even small amounts of gluten, and they say it isn't just due to better diagnosis and awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also a growing consensus that another portion of the population does have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.celiaccentral.org/non-celiac-gluten-sensitivity/%E2%80%8E\">nonceliac gluten sensitivity\u003c/a>. That means they test negative for celiac disease but have some similar symptoms — like diarrhea, abdominal pain and headaches — after eating foods with gluten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leffler says there's likely no single cause leading to the increased prevalence of celiac. And he doesn't agree with the notion that changes to modern wheat could explain what's happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We sort of chafe at these oversimplistic theories that purport to explain an entire rise in a disease,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leffler says the increase in celiac disease comes at a time when lots of other autoimmune diseases and allergies are on the rise, too. And one theory that might help explain this phenomenon is the so-called \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/03/23/149232765/why-getting-grimy-as-a-child-can-make-for-a-healthier-life\">hygiene hypothesis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the idea that our environment has become so clean and sterile that our immune systems no longer have to fend off so many bugs and infections, especially when we're young. As a result, our immune systems start to overreact to things that should be harmless, such as wheat or peanuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can see very quickly how this gets really complicated,\" Leffler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many other theories that could help explain gluten intolerances. Some scientists are looking at the changes in gut bacteria. There's also growing evidence that antibiotic use early in life and the timing of introducing babies to wheat and other grains could favor the onset of celiac disease \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2010/09/27/130160161/adults-can-develop-celiac-disease-later-in-life-study-finds\">later in life\u003c/a>, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.cureceliacdisease.org/who-we-are/staff-bios#guandalini\">Stefano Guandalini\u003c/a>, a professor of pediatrics at the University of Chicago and medical director of the university's Celiac Disease Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for why so many people say they feel better on a gluten-free diet, Guandalini says that might have nothing to do with the gluten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could be another protein in wheat,\" he says. \"It could also be that once you remove gluten, you're also removing a number of other carbohydrates that are hard to digest. So you eliminate them and that makes you feel better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he admits, doctors are really just beginning to understand what gluten sensitivity truly is. \"It's a moving target,\" Guandalini says. \"The more we learn the less we really know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leffler of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center agrees that we should stay tuned on this one. But in the meantime, don't think you have to avoid wheat if you enjoy bread and pasta and tolerate them well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/71091/doctors-say-changes-in-wheat-do-not-explain-rise-of-celiac-disease","authors":["byline_bayareabites_71091"],"categories":["bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_34"],"tags":["bayareabites_1859","bayareabites_10343","bayareabites_12460","bayareabites_138","bayareabites_3545","bayareabites_12461"],"featImg":"bayareabites_71100","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_67404":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_67404","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"67404","score":null,"sort":[1375461021000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"fda-approves-gluten-free-label","title":"FDA Approves Gluten-Free Label","publishDate":1375461021,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67414\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/gluten-free.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/gluten-free.jpg\" alt='The Food and Drug Administration is at last defining what a \"gluten free\" label on a food package really means after nine years of consideration. Photo: Jon Elswick/AP' width=\"1120\" height=\"839\" class=\"size-full wp-image-67414\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Food and Drug Administration is at last defining what a \"gluten free\" label on a food package really means after nine years of consideration. Photo: Jon Elswick/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Dan Charles and Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/01/208024023/fda-approves-gluten-free-label\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (8/2/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration issued Friday the first legally binding rules for what food companies can legally label \"gluten-free.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm363069.htm\">rules\u003c/a> should help millions of Americans who can't tolerate gluten in their diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gluten is a protein in wheat, barley and rye. Bakers appreciate its gluey texture for making bread. But when people with celiac disease eat it, it causes their immune systems to attack their small intestines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 3 million people in the U.S. have celiac disease. But they're not the only ones seeking gluten-free food, which has rapidly grown into \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2012/oct/24/business/la-fi-gluten-free-20121024\">$4.2 billion market\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small number of children and adults have wheat allergy. And 18 million Americans who have neither celiac or wheat allergy experience symptoms from eating wheat — called \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/09/173840841/gluten-goodbye-one-third-of-americans-say-theyre-trying-to-shun-it\">gluten sensitivity\u003c/a>. And still others may buy gluten-free food because they're \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/06/02/154166626/the-paleo-diet-moves-from-the-gym-to-the-doctors-office\">paleo\u003c/a>, or following another \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/09/173840841/gluten-goodbye-one-third-of-americans-say-theyre-trying-to-shun-it\">diet\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many products, from \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/01/25/170259193/a-quest-for-real-beer-without-the-gluten\">beer\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2011/10/17/141359188/look-whos-going-gluten-free\">flour\u003c/a>, already carry the gluten-free label. But until now there's been no official standard for exactly how free of gluten such foods have to be, though the FDA has been pondering how to set one since 2004.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA's new rule says gluten free foods can't contain more than 20 parts per million of gluten. Below that level, gluten can't be detected reliably and only very rare individuals would react to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the FDA, most gluten-free food on the market already meets this standard. It goes into effect one year from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrea Levario, executive director of the American Celiac Disease Alliance, called the label a \"tool that has been desperately needed,\" in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors who treat people with celiac and gluten sensitivity were also enthusiastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a really valuable step forward,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/731/william-d-chey-md\">William Chey\u003c/a>, a gastroenterologist at the University of Michigan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The FDA's new rule says gluten-free food can't contain more than 20 parts per million of gluten. Most products on the market with the label already meet that standard.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1375461502,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":15,"wordCount":354},"headData":{"title":"FDA Approves Gluten-Free Label | KQED","description":"The FDA's new rule says gluten-free food can't contain more than 20 parts per million of gluten. Most products on the market with the label already meet that standard.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"67404 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=67404","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/02/fda-approves-gluten-free-label/","disqusTitle":"FDA Approves Gluten-Free Label","nprByline":"Dan Charles and Eliza Barclay","nprStoryId":"208024023","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=208024023&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/01/208024023/fda-approves-gluten-free-label?ft=3&f=208024023","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 02 Aug 2013 11:11:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 02 Aug 2013 11:10:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 02 Aug 2013 11:11:22 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/67404/fda-approves-gluten-free-label","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67414\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/gluten-free.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/gluten-free.jpg\" alt='The Food and Drug Administration is at last defining what a \"gluten free\" label on a food package really means after nine years of consideration. Photo: Jon Elswick/AP' width=\"1120\" height=\"839\" class=\"size-full wp-image-67414\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Food and Drug Administration is at last defining what a \"gluten free\" label on a food package really means after nine years of consideration. Photo: Jon Elswick/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by Dan Charles and Eliza Barclay, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/01/208024023/fda-approves-gluten-free-label\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (8/2/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration issued Friday the first legally binding rules for what food companies can legally label \"gluten-free.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm363069.htm\">rules\u003c/a> should help millions of Americans who can't tolerate gluten in their diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gluten is a protein in wheat, barley and rye. Bakers appreciate its gluey texture for making bread. But when people with celiac disease eat it, it causes their immune systems to attack their small intestines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 3 million people in the U.S. have celiac disease. But they're not the only ones seeking gluten-free food, which has rapidly grown into \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2012/oct/24/business/la-fi-gluten-free-20121024\">$4.2 billion market\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small number of children and adults have wheat allergy. And 18 million Americans who have neither celiac or wheat allergy experience symptoms from eating wheat — called \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/09/173840841/gluten-goodbye-one-third-of-americans-say-theyre-trying-to-shun-it\">gluten sensitivity\u003c/a>. And still others may buy gluten-free food because they're \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/06/02/154166626/the-paleo-diet-moves-from-the-gym-to-the-doctors-office\">paleo\u003c/a>, or following another \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/09/173840841/gluten-goodbye-one-third-of-americans-say-theyre-trying-to-shun-it\">diet\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many products, from \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/01/25/170259193/a-quest-for-real-beer-without-the-gluten\">beer\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2011/10/17/141359188/look-whos-going-gluten-free\">flour\u003c/a>, already carry the gluten-free label. But until now there's been no official standard for exactly how free of gluten such foods have to be, though the FDA has been pondering how to set one since 2004.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA's new rule says gluten free foods can't contain more than 20 parts per million of gluten. Below that level, gluten can't be detected reliably and only very rare individuals would react to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the FDA, most gluten-free food on the market already meets this standard. It goes into effect one year from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrea Levario, executive director of the American Celiac Disease Alliance, called the label a \"tool that has been desperately needed,\" in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors who treat people with celiac and gluten sensitivity were also enthusiastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a really valuable step forward,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.uofmhealth.org/profile/731/william-d-chey-md\">William Chey\u003c/a>, a gastroenterologist at the University of Michigan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/67404/fda-approves-gluten-free-label","authors":["byline_bayareabites_67404"],"categories":["bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_10343","bayareabites_2608","bayareabites_10802","bayareabites_11483","bayareabites_12161","bayareabites_138","bayareabites_10774","bayareabites_10921","bayareabites_3545","bayareabites_12162"],"featImg":"bayareabites_67413","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_65674":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_65674","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"65674","score":null,"sort":[1374080186000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"in-oregon-the-gmo-wheat-mystery-deepens","title":"In Oregon, The GMO Wheat Mystery Deepens","publishDate":1374080186,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/07/wheat-lg.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/07/wheat-lg-1024x656.jpg\" alt=\"Wheat grows in a test field at Oregon State University in Corvallis. Some scientists believe that there's a chance that genetically modified wheat found in one farmer's field in May is still in the seed supply. Photo: Natalie Behring/Bloomberg via Getty Images\" width=\"1024\" height=\"656\" class=\"size-large wp-image-65684\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wheat grows in a test field at Oregon State University in Corvallis. Some scientists believe that there's a chance that genetically modified wheat found in one farmer's field in May is still in the seed supply. Photo: Natalie Behring/Bloomberg via Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/07/17/202684064/in-oregon-the-gmo-wheat-mystery-deepens\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2013/07/20130717_me_14.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/07/17/202684064/in-oregon-the-gmo-wheat-mystery-deepens\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (7/17/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strange case of genetically engineered wheat on a farm in Oregon remains as mysterious as ever. If anything, it's grown more baffling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/30/187103955/gmo-wheat-found-in-oregon-field-howd-it-get-there\">reported\u003c/a> almost two months ago, the presence of this wheat was revealed earlier this spring when a farmer in eastern Oregon sprayed a field with the weedkiller glyphosate, or Roundup. Most vegetation died, as the farmer intended, but clumps of green wheat stalks kept growing. They apparently had sprouted from grain that was leftover in the field from last year's crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was such a strange sight that the farmer wondered if this wheat might be genetically modified to be resistant to glyphosate, just like the popular Roundup Ready versions of corn and soybeans. He called a weed scientist named \u003ca href=\"http://cropandsoil.oregonstate.edu/content/carol-mallory-smith\">Carol Mallory-Smith\u003c/a> at Oregon State University to ask her opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I said I didn't think so,\" recalls Mallory-Smith. The biotech company Monsanto had developed such wheat years earlier, and carried out field trials of it, but those trials ended at least eight years ago. Monsanto never asked for government approval to sell such wheat, and growing it without a permit from the U.S. Department of Agriculture actually would violate the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So I was pretty skeptical, but I said, 'If you send me some samples, I'll test it,' \" Mallory-Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To her surprise the tests came back positive. She passed the samples on to the USDA, which confirmed her results and \u003ca href=\"http://www.aphis.usda.gov/newsroom/2013/05/ge_wheat_detection.shtml\">launched\u003c/a> an investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA is trying to answer two big questions about this wheat. First, where else can it be found? Second, how did it get into this farmer's field?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of millions of dollars could hang on the answer to the first question. If rogue genes are present in America's wheat harvest, some customers — especially in Japan and Korea — say they won't take it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately for American wheat farmers, the search so far has come up empty. Korea has been testing shipments of U.S. wheat and the USDA has tested thousands of samples collected from farms and seed companies — including the business where that Oregon farmer bought his seed. They've found no GMOs, anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake Rowe, CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.owgl.org/about-us/oregon-wheat-commission/\">Oregon Wheat Commission\u003c/a>, expects Japan, which has suspended its purchases of U.S. wheat, to resuming buying when it's sure the wheat is GMO-free. \"We're confident they will come back to the market, but there's a lot of concern about how quickly that will happen,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every test that comes up negative eases the worries of the wheat industry, but it also makes the source of this GMO wheat a bigger mystery. Investigators are finding no trail that leads from the Oregon farm back to Monsanto's research operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the wheat-growing areas of the Pacific Northwest, farmers and wheat dealers now are trading speculative theories about how this might have happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto's chief technology officer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.monsanto.com/whoweare/Pages/robert-fraley-bio.aspx\">Robert Fraley\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.monsanto.com/gmwheat/Documents/roundup-ready-wheat-briefing-06-21-13.pdf\">laid out\u003c/a> a particularly attention-grabbing scenario a few weeks ago during in a conference call with reporters. \"The fact pattern indicates the strong possibility that someone intentionally introduced wheat seed containing the CP4 event into his field, sometime after that farmer initially planted it,\" Fraley said, referring to Monsanto's Roundup resistance gene\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for a motive, \"there are folks who don't like biotechnology and would use this as an opportunity to create problems,\" Fraley continued. He speculated that anti-biotech activists may have stolen wheat from one of Monsanto's field trials of GMO wheat. They could have stored this grain for a decade, then planted it in a field and waited for a farmer to discover it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others find Monsanto's theory dubious, or \"a stretch,\" as \u003ca href=\"http://cropandsoil.oregonstate.edu/content/robert-zemetra\">Bob Zemetra\u003c/a>, a wheat breeder at Oregon State, puts it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zemetra thinks an ordinary mistake is more likely: that somebody involved in Monsanto's GMO wheat trials just happened to misplace a bag of wheat at some point. \"Or you have a bag that gets mislabeled and gets put on the shelf and just sits there,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this scenario, somewhere along the way someone picks up that bag and treats it like normal, conventional wheat seed. Some goes to that farm. Maybe the amount of GMO wheat is so small that tests now miss it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zemetra admits that his scenario isn't exactly convincing, either. But he's heard nothing better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernadette Juarez, an official with the USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service who is in charge of the investigation, says the agency is now analyzing the genetic makeup of the GMO wheat, to figure out exactly which genetic variety of wheat it is. This will be a clue to its source; it should pinpoint, for instance, which of Monsanto's many different field trials involved that variety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe investigators will be able to pick up a trail of rogue wheat leading from one of those trials to the farm in eastern Oregon. If not, the case may remain a mystery. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Government investigators are trying to solve an agricultural whodunit: How did genetically engineered wheat that was never approved for sale end up in a farmer's field in Oregon? Some are raising the possibility of sabotage; others suspect simple human error.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1374080186,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":25,"wordCount":928},"headData":{"title":"In Oregon, The GMO Wheat Mystery Deepens | KQED","description":"Government investigators are trying to solve an agricultural whodunit: How did genetically engineered wheat that was never approved for sale end up in a farmer's field in Oregon? Some are raising the possibility of sabotage; others suspect simple human error.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"65674 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=65674","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/07/17/in-oregon-the-gmo-wheat-mystery-deepens/","disqusTitle":"In Oregon, The GMO Wheat Mystery Deepens","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"202684064","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=202684064&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/07/17/202684064/in-oregon-the-gmo-wheat-mystery-deepens?ft=3&f=202684064","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 17 Jul 2013 05:08:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 17 Jul 2013 04:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 17 Jul 2013 09:32:16 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2013/07/20130717_me_14.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=202684064","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1202875861-630120.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=202684064","path":"/bayareabites/65674/in-oregon-the-gmo-wheat-mystery-deepens","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2013/07/20130717_me_14.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=202684064","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/07/wheat-lg.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/07/wheat-lg-1024x656.jpg\" alt=\"Wheat grows in a test field at Oregon State University in Corvallis. Some scientists believe that there's a chance that genetically modified wheat found in one farmer's field in May is still in the seed supply. Photo: Natalie Behring/Bloomberg via Getty Images\" width=\"1024\" height=\"656\" class=\"size-large wp-image-65684\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wheat grows in a test field at Oregon State University in Corvallis. Some scientists believe that there's a chance that genetically modified wheat found in one farmer's field in May is still in the seed supply. Photo: Natalie Behring/Bloomberg via Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/07/17/202684064/in-oregon-the-gmo-wheat-mystery-deepens\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2013/07/20130717_me_14.mp3","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/07/17/202684064/in-oregon-the-gmo-wheat-mystery-deepens\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (7/17/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strange case of genetically engineered wheat on a farm in Oregon remains as mysterious as ever. If anything, it's grown more baffling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/05/30/187103955/gmo-wheat-found-in-oregon-field-howd-it-get-there\">reported\u003c/a> almost two months ago, the presence of this wheat was revealed earlier this spring when a farmer in eastern Oregon sprayed a field with the weedkiller glyphosate, or Roundup. Most vegetation died, as the farmer intended, but clumps of green wheat stalks kept growing. They apparently had sprouted from grain that was leftover in the field from last year's crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was such a strange sight that the farmer wondered if this wheat might be genetically modified to be resistant to glyphosate, just like the popular Roundup Ready versions of corn and soybeans. He called a weed scientist named \u003ca href=\"http://cropandsoil.oregonstate.edu/content/carol-mallory-smith\">Carol Mallory-Smith\u003c/a> at Oregon State University to ask her opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I said I didn't think so,\" recalls Mallory-Smith. The biotech company Monsanto had developed such wheat years earlier, and carried out field trials of it, but those trials ended at least eight years ago. Monsanto never asked for government approval to sell such wheat, and growing it without a permit from the U.S. Department of Agriculture actually would violate the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So I was pretty skeptical, but I said, 'If you send me some samples, I'll test it,' \" Mallory-Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To her surprise the tests came back positive. She passed the samples on to the USDA, which confirmed her results and \u003ca href=\"http://www.aphis.usda.gov/newsroom/2013/05/ge_wheat_detection.shtml\">launched\u003c/a> an investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USDA is trying to answer two big questions about this wheat. First, where else can it be found? Second, how did it get into this farmer's field?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of millions of dollars could hang on the answer to the first question. If rogue genes are present in America's wheat harvest, some customers — especially in Japan and Korea — say they won't take it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately for American wheat farmers, the search so far has come up empty. Korea has been testing shipments of U.S. wheat and the USDA has tested thousands of samples collected from farms and seed companies — including the business where that Oregon farmer bought his seed. They've found no GMOs, anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake Rowe, CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.owgl.org/about-us/oregon-wheat-commission/\">Oregon Wheat Commission\u003c/a>, expects Japan, which has suspended its purchases of U.S. wheat, to resuming buying when it's sure the wheat is GMO-free. \"We're confident they will come back to the market, but there's a lot of concern about how quickly that will happen,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every test that comes up negative eases the worries of the wheat industry, but it also makes the source of this GMO wheat a bigger mystery. Investigators are finding no trail that leads from the Oregon farm back to Monsanto's research operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the wheat-growing areas of the Pacific Northwest, farmers and wheat dealers now are trading speculative theories about how this might have happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto's chief technology officer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.monsanto.com/whoweare/Pages/robert-fraley-bio.aspx\">Robert Fraley\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.monsanto.com/gmwheat/Documents/roundup-ready-wheat-briefing-06-21-13.pdf\">laid out\u003c/a> a particularly attention-grabbing scenario a few weeks ago during in a conference call with reporters. \"The fact pattern indicates the strong possibility that someone intentionally introduced wheat seed containing the CP4 event into his field, sometime after that farmer initially planted it,\" Fraley said, referring to Monsanto's Roundup resistance gene\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for a motive, \"there are folks who don't like biotechnology and would use this as an opportunity to create problems,\" Fraley continued. He speculated that anti-biotech activists may have stolen wheat from one of Monsanto's field trials of GMO wheat. They could have stored this grain for a decade, then planted it in a field and waited for a farmer to discover it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others find Monsanto's theory dubious, or \"a stretch,\" as \u003ca href=\"http://cropandsoil.oregonstate.edu/content/robert-zemetra\">Bob Zemetra\u003c/a>, a wheat breeder at Oregon State, puts it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zemetra thinks an ordinary mistake is more likely: that somebody involved in Monsanto's GMO wheat trials just happened to misplace a bag of wheat at some point. \"Or you have a bag that gets mislabeled and gets put on the shelf and just sits there,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this scenario, somewhere along the way someone picks up that bag and treats it like normal, conventional wheat seed. Some goes to that farm. Maybe the amount of GMO wheat is so small that tests now miss it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zemetra admits that his scenario isn't exactly convincing, either. But he's heard nothing better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernadette Juarez, an official with the USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service who is in charge of the investigation, says the agency is now analyzing the genetic makeup of the GMO wheat, to figure out exactly which genetic variety of wheat it is. This will be a clue to its source; it should pinpoint, for instance, which of Monsanto's many different field trials involved that variety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe investigators will be able to pick up a trail of rogue wheat leading from one of those trials to the farm in eastern Oregon. If not, the case may remain a mystery. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/65674/in-oregon-the-gmo-wheat-mystery-deepens","authors":["byline_bayareabites_65674"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_34"],"tags":["bayareabites_11270","bayareabites_12029","bayareabites_10771","bayareabites_10787","bayareabites_10773","bayareabites_12030","bayareabites_12031","bayareabites_10776","bayareabites_10921","bayareabites_3545"],"featImg":"bayareabites_65683","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_37268":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_37268","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"37268","score":null,"sort":[1326131418000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"milling-at-the-bale-grist-mill","title":"Milling at the Bale Grist Mill ","publishDate":1326131418,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2012/01/bale-grist-mill.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2012/01/bale-grist-mill.jpg\" alt=\"Bale Grist Mill\" title=\"Bale Grist Mill\" width=\"560\" height=\"420\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-37404\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ll admit it: my kitchen obsessions aren’t hip. If they were, I’d have a cleaver slung on my hip, bacon smoking in the backyard, a burr grinder and Hario pour-over kettle on the counter for brewing my \u003ca href=\"http://thebolditalic.com/sandersnoah/stories/928-howve-you-bean\">home-roasted coffee beans\u003c/a>, kimchee fermenting stinkily on the porch next to a carboy of triple-hopped homemade ale. Meat, salt, booze, caffeine, and above all, funky slow rot: such is DIY hipness, 2012 style. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the thing is, I’m a nice Jewish girl unmoved by bacon’s siren call. Beer is not my drink, madly bitter beer even less so. My nerves are easily unhinged by San Francisco’s high-octane \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2010/07/29/3rd-wave-coffee-roasting-in-the-bay-area/\">third-wave coffee\u003c/a>; what I need in the morning is not a tepid single mug brewed at tai-chi speed but a tall French press of good decaf poured three-to-one with hot milk. While I love fermented products in theory (and on my plate when I’m out of the house), uncontrolled bacterial action in my own kitchen unnerves me. I can taste mold at fifty paces; blue cheese and all its green-streaked brethren revolts me. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, I have this thing for grain. For wheat, in particular, and how uncool is that, in this moment of all things gluten-free? I love windmills and grist mills run by water wheels. I’ll find any excuse to detour to a good bread bakery. Oven spring—when a previously sluggish loaf of dough suddenly leaps up to double its size during baking—strikes joy in my heart. I will never buy a bread machine, not so long as I have a bowl, my hands, and an oven. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It really does make a difference, getting fresh, good flour for your bread baking. Standard, brand-name paper-bagged whole wheat from the supermarket: fine, just fine. But fresh from the mill, especially if it’s from recently, locally grown grain: well, that’s going to make you some amazing bread. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I learned this first hand when I worked as an apprentice at the \u003ca href=\"http://casfs.ucsc.edu\">CASFS\u003c/a> educational farm at UC Santa Cruz. We sowed a quarter-acre with three strains of heirloom wheat, chewed the milky kernels as they swelled, dried, and turned golden in the sun, scythed the stalks by hand then fed them into a noisy threshing machine. The result? Buckets of whole wheat berries, ground into flour and baked into the most alive bread I’ve ever made. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fondness for mills started in childhood, with summertime visits to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nha.org/sites/oldmill.html\">Old Mill\u003c/a> on Nantucket, whose sweeping sails dominated the low-slung island's horizon from any direction. In Minneapolis, I toured the excellent \u003ca href=\"http://www.millcitymuseum.org\">Mill City Museum\u003c/a>, on the site of a formerly dilapidated flour mill, then brought home bags of heirloom wheat berries and freshly ground flour and polenta from the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2011/07/10/twin-cities-eats/\">Mill City Farmers' Market\u003c/a>. In Arkansas, I made dozens of biscuits from cornmeal ground at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wareaglemill.com\">War Eagle Grist Mill\u003c/a>, a historic water-wheel mill that still produces dozens of flours (the mystique may have been upped by getting to drive there in a purple \u003ca href=\"http://www.lotuscars.com/en/index\">Lotus\u003c/a> with the mill's current owner, now in her 70s). Through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.boiledpeanuts.com\">Lee Brothers’ Boiled Peanuts catalog\u003c/a>, I’ve special-ordered \u003ca href=\"http://www.oldmillofguilford.com\">Guilford Mills’\u003c/a> remarkable grits, which are stone-ground in a North Carolina grist mill dating back to the 18th century. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here, we are lucky enough to have the \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=482\">Bale Grist Mill\u003c/a>, right next to the lovely, hike-worthy Bothe Napa State Park, tucked among the vineyards, oaks, and manzanitas, right off Highway 29 between Calistoga and St. Helena. The mill was fully restored a few years ago, and is open for milling tours most weekends, three dollars well spent. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you were the kid (or grownup) who pored over David Macauley’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0395938473/kqedorg-20\">The New Way Things Work\u003c/a>, this is the tour for you. Milling with a water wheel makes basic physics come to rattling life, energy and motion transformed through simple engineering into productivity. It’s also a delight for grammar and etymology geeks: little did I know how many common words and phrases--“nose to the grindstone,” “cockeyed,” “fair to middling”--derive from milling. You put your nose to the grindstone to sniff for ozone, the smell you get in the air after a lightning strike; the scent of it can mean that the two millstones have become unbalanced, knocking into each other and striking sparks from the friction. Fair to middling are the two central grades of flour to emerge from the bolter, bookended by fine and coarse; if you’re feeling “fair to middling,” you’re right in the middle, so-so. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now is the time to get to this mill for a visit. As well-loved as the grist mill is, its future is uncertain, thanks to stringent cutbacks in California's parks budget. As detailed in a recent \u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/ffd482f6-3832-11e1-9d98-001871e3ce6c.html\">Napa Register article about local park closures\u003c/a>, both Napa Bothe Park and the Bale Grist Mill could be closed to the public as early as February, unless two local park groups, the Napa County Regional Parks and Open Space District and the Napa Valley State Parks Association, get approval (and funding) to take over the parks from the state this spring. It's ironic, of course, that such a historical resource could shut down just as a groundswell of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2012/01/03/MN8D1MIA7G.DTL\">consumer interest in local grains\u003c/a> and grain products is rising. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the moment, the Bale Grist Mill sells polenta, cornmeal, spelt, buckwheat, rye, and whole-wheat flours, all ground in the mill. Although, for liability reasons, the flours are marked \"not for human consumption,\" the millers are scrupulous about cleanliness and sanitation during the milling and storage process. Any grain or flour touched or spilled during the milling process goes into a big bag marked \"sweeps.\" A local farmer picks all the sweeps once a week, a welcome addition to his pigs' daily mash. Using both raw wheat kernels (wheat berries) and the mill's coarse, bran-rich bread flour, I made a dense, almost scone-like whole grain loaf inspired by the recipe for \"Holly's Whole Wheat Bread\" in Romney Steele's book \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0740779141/kqedorg-20\">My Nepenthe\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wheat Berry Bread with Fruit and Nuts\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Adjust the combination of dried fruit, seeds, and nuts depending on what's in your pantry, and what you like best. Dried persimmons, often available at Bay Area farmers' markets at this time of year, add bright color and a pleasant sweet chewiness to the finished bread. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2012/01/bread.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2012/01/bread.jpg\" alt=\"Wheat Berry Bread with Fruit and Nuts\" title=\"Wheat Berry Bread with Fruit and Nuts\" width=\"560\" height=\"420\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-37403\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yield:\u003c/strong> 2 loaves\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Prep Time:\u003c/strong> 90 minutes, plus 3 hours' rising time\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Cook Time:\u003c/strong> 45 to 60 minutes\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Total Time:\u003c/strong> 2 hours, 15 to 30 minutes, plus 3 hours' rising time\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ingredients:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n1/2 cup whole raw wheat or spelt berries\u003cbr>\n3 cups water\u003cbr>\n1 1/2 cups whole milk\u003cbr>\n3 tablespoons butter\u003cbr>\n1/3 cup honey\u003cbr>\n1 package (2 1/2 tsp) active dry yeast, or 1 oz fresh (cake) yeast\u003cbr>\n5 1/2 cups whole-wheat flour, plus more for the work surface\u003cbr>\n2 tbsp ground flax seed (optional)\u003cbr>\n2 teaspoons salt\u003cbr>\n1 cup raisins, dried cranberries, or chopped dried apricots or persimmons, soaked in hot water to cover for 10 minutes if very dry or wizened\u003cbr>\n1/4 cup unsalted sunflower or pumpkin seeds, plus 2 tablespoons for sprinkling, lightly toasted\u003cbr>\n1/2 cup hazelnuts, pecans, or walnuts, lightly toasted and roughly chopped\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparation:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n1. Cover wheat berries with 3 cups water in a medium saucepan. Over medium heat, bring to simmer. Reduce heat, cover, and cook gently for 1 hour, until berries have softened and are tender to the bite but not mushy. They will absorb most of the water; drain any excess in a colander. (Step 1 can be done up to 4 days before you make your bread; store cooked and drained wheat berries in the refrigerator until needed.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. In a medium saucepan, heat milk until just beginning to bubble around the edges. Add butter, honey, and salt. Stir to dissolve, then let cool until tepid. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. In a large bowl, sprinkle or crumble yeast over 1/4 cup lukewarm water. Let stand for a few minutes, then whisk vigorously to dissolve any remaining yeast. Beat in the milk mixture and 5 cups of the flour, mixing to form a soft dough. Stir in wheat berries, raisins or other dried fruit, 1/4 cup of sunflower or pumpkin seeds, and nuts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. Sprinkle flour over your counter or work table. Scoop the dough onto the work surface and knead for about 6 minutes, adding more flour (up to an additional 1/2 cup) in increments to keep dough from getting too sticky. Various errant mix-ins will try to push their way to freedom by popping out of the dough as you knead. Don’t let them get away with this; push them back into the dough and continue kneading until dough feels elastic and smooth. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>5. Wash and butter your large bowl. Put the dough back into it, turning it over to coat with butter. Cover with a clean damp kitchen towel. Let rise in a warm place for 1 1/2 to 2 hours, or in a cool place for 3 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>6. Deflate the dough by sinking a fist into it. Divide in half and shape into two loaves. Grease two 8\"-by-5\" loaf pans. Put shaped dough into pans, cover with damp towel, and let rise again for another 45 to 60 minutes, until loaves have doubled in bulk. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>7. Preheat oven to 375 degrees F. Brush the top of each loaf with milk and sprinkle with sunflower seeds. Bake loaves for 45 to 50 minutes, until well-browned. Let cool in pans for 15 minutes, then remove from pans and continue cooling on a rack.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Tour the oldest water-wheel grist mill in California, the Bale Grist Mill in Calistoga, and make a breakfast-perfect, scone-like whole grain loaf with your freshly milled grains. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1326217408,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1668},"headData":{"title":"Milling at the Bale Grist Mill | KQED","description":"Tour the oldest water-wheel grist mill in California, the Bale Grist Mill in Calistoga, and make a breakfast-perfect, scone-like whole grain loaf with your freshly milled grains. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"37268 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=37268","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2012/01/09/milling-at-the-bale-grist-mill/","disqusTitle":"Milling at the Bale Grist Mill ","path":"/bayareabites/37268/milling-at-the-bale-grist-mill","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2012/01/bale-grist-mill.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2012/01/bale-grist-mill.jpg\" alt=\"Bale Grist Mill\" title=\"Bale Grist Mill\" width=\"560\" height=\"420\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-37404\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ll admit it: my kitchen obsessions aren’t hip. If they were, I’d have a cleaver slung on my hip, bacon smoking in the backyard, a burr grinder and Hario pour-over kettle on the counter for brewing my \u003ca href=\"http://thebolditalic.com/sandersnoah/stories/928-howve-you-bean\">home-roasted coffee beans\u003c/a>, kimchee fermenting stinkily on the porch next to a carboy of triple-hopped homemade ale. Meat, salt, booze, caffeine, and above all, funky slow rot: such is DIY hipness, 2012 style. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the thing is, I’m a nice Jewish girl unmoved by bacon’s siren call. Beer is not my drink, madly bitter beer even less so. My nerves are easily unhinged by San Francisco’s high-octane \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2010/07/29/3rd-wave-coffee-roasting-in-the-bay-area/\">third-wave coffee\u003c/a>; what I need in the morning is not a tepid single mug brewed at tai-chi speed but a tall French press of good decaf poured three-to-one with hot milk. While I love fermented products in theory (and on my plate when I’m out of the house), uncontrolled bacterial action in my own kitchen unnerves me. I can taste mold at fifty paces; blue cheese and all its green-streaked brethren revolts me. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, I have this thing for grain. For wheat, in particular, and how uncool is that, in this moment of all things gluten-free? I love windmills and grist mills run by water wheels. I’ll find any excuse to detour to a good bread bakery. Oven spring—when a previously sluggish loaf of dough suddenly leaps up to double its size during baking—strikes joy in my heart. I will never buy a bread machine, not so long as I have a bowl, my hands, and an oven. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It really does make a difference, getting fresh, good flour for your bread baking. Standard, brand-name paper-bagged whole wheat from the supermarket: fine, just fine. But fresh from the mill, especially if it’s from recently, locally grown grain: well, that’s going to make you some amazing bread. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I learned this first hand when I worked as an apprentice at the \u003ca href=\"http://casfs.ucsc.edu\">CASFS\u003c/a> educational farm at UC Santa Cruz. We sowed a quarter-acre with three strains of heirloom wheat, chewed the milky kernels as they swelled, dried, and turned golden in the sun, scythed the stalks by hand then fed them into a noisy threshing machine. The result? Buckets of whole wheat berries, ground into flour and baked into the most alive bread I’ve ever made. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fondness for mills started in childhood, with summertime visits to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nha.org/sites/oldmill.html\">Old Mill\u003c/a> on Nantucket, whose sweeping sails dominated the low-slung island's horizon from any direction. In Minneapolis, I toured the excellent \u003ca href=\"http://www.millcitymuseum.org\">Mill City Museum\u003c/a>, on the site of a formerly dilapidated flour mill, then brought home bags of heirloom wheat berries and freshly ground flour and polenta from the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2011/07/10/twin-cities-eats/\">Mill City Farmers' Market\u003c/a>. In Arkansas, I made dozens of biscuits from cornmeal ground at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wareaglemill.com\">War Eagle Grist Mill\u003c/a>, a historic water-wheel mill that still produces dozens of flours (the mystique may have been upped by getting to drive there in a purple \u003ca href=\"http://www.lotuscars.com/en/index\">Lotus\u003c/a> with the mill's current owner, now in her 70s). Through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.boiledpeanuts.com\">Lee Brothers’ Boiled Peanuts catalog\u003c/a>, I’ve special-ordered \u003ca href=\"http://www.oldmillofguilford.com\">Guilford Mills’\u003c/a> remarkable grits, which are stone-ground in a North Carolina grist mill dating back to the 18th century. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here, we are lucky enough to have the \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=482\">Bale Grist Mill\u003c/a>, right next to the lovely, hike-worthy Bothe Napa State Park, tucked among the vineyards, oaks, and manzanitas, right off Highway 29 between Calistoga and St. Helena. The mill was fully restored a few years ago, and is open for milling tours most weekends, three dollars well spent. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you were the kid (or grownup) who pored over David Macauley’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0395938473/kqedorg-20\">The New Way Things Work\u003c/a>, this is the tour for you. Milling with a water wheel makes basic physics come to rattling life, energy and motion transformed through simple engineering into productivity. It’s also a delight for grammar and etymology geeks: little did I know how many common words and phrases--“nose to the grindstone,” “cockeyed,” “fair to middling”--derive from milling. You put your nose to the grindstone to sniff for ozone, the smell you get in the air after a lightning strike; the scent of it can mean that the two millstones have become unbalanced, knocking into each other and striking sparks from the friction. Fair to middling are the two central grades of flour to emerge from the bolter, bookended by fine and coarse; if you’re feeling “fair to middling,” you’re right in the middle, so-so. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now is the time to get to this mill for a visit. As well-loved as the grist mill is, its future is uncertain, thanks to stringent cutbacks in California's parks budget. As detailed in a recent \u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/ffd482f6-3832-11e1-9d98-001871e3ce6c.html\">Napa Register article about local park closures\u003c/a>, both Napa Bothe Park and the Bale Grist Mill could be closed to the public as early as February, unless two local park groups, the Napa County Regional Parks and Open Space District and the Napa Valley State Parks Association, get approval (and funding) to take over the parks from the state this spring. It's ironic, of course, that such a historical resource could shut down just as a groundswell of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2012/01/03/MN8D1MIA7G.DTL\">consumer interest in local grains\u003c/a> and grain products is rising. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the moment, the Bale Grist Mill sells polenta, cornmeal, spelt, buckwheat, rye, and whole-wheat flours, all ground in the mill. Although, for liability reasons, the flours are marked \"not for human consumption,\" the millers are scrupulous about cleanliness and sanitation during the milling and storage process. Any grain or flour touched or spilled during the milling process goes into a big bag marked \"sweeps.\" A local farmer picks all the sweeps once a week, a welcome addition to his pigs' daily mash. Using both raw wheat kernels (wheat berries) and the mill's coarse, bran-rich bread flour, I made a dense, almost scone-like whole grain loaf inspired by the recipe for \"Holly's Whole Wheat Bread\" in Romney Steele's book \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0740779141/kqedorg-20\">My Nepenthe\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wheat Berry Bread with Fruit and Nuts\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Adjust the combination of dried fruit, seeds, and nuts depending on what's in your pantry, and what you like best. Dried persimmons, often available at Bay Area farmers' markets at this time of year, add bright color and a pleasant sweet chewiness to the finished bread. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2012/01/bread.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2012/01/bread.jpg\" alt=\"Wheat Berry Bread with Fruit and Nuts\" title=\"Wheat Berry Bread with Fruit and Nuts\" width=\"560\" height=\"420\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-37403\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yield:\u003c/strong> 2 loaves\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Prep Time:\u003c/strong> 90 minutes, plus 3 hours' rising time\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Cook Time:\u003c/strong> 45 to 60 minutes\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Total Time:\u003c/strong> 2 hours, 15 to 30 minutes, plus 3 hours' rising time\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ingredients:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n1/2 cup whole raw wheat or spelt berries\u003cbr>\n3 cups water\u003cbr>\n1 1/2 cups whole milk\u003cbr>\n3 tablespoons butter\u003cbr>\n1/3 cup honey\u003cbr>\n1 package (2 1/2 tsp) active dry yeast, or 1 oz fresh (cake) yeast\u003cbr>\n5 1/2 cups whole-wheat flour, plus more for the work surface\u003cbr>\n2 tbsp ground flax seed (optional)\u003cbr>\n2 teaspoons salt\u003cbr>\n1 cup raisins, dried cranberries, or chopped dried apricots or persimmons, soaked in hot water to cover for 10 minutes if very dry or wizened\u003cbr>\n1/4 cup unsalted sunflower or pumpkin seeds, plus 2 tablespoons for sprinkling, lightly toasted\u003cbr>\n1/2 cup hazelnuts, pecans, or walnuts, lightly toasted and roughly chopped\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparation:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n1. Cover wheat berries with 3 cups water in a medium saucepan. Over medium heat, bring to simmer. Reduce heat, cover, and cook gently for 1 hour, until berries have softened and are tender to the bite but not mushy. They will absorb most of the water; drain any excess in a colander. (Step 1 can be done up to 4 days before you make your bread; store cooked and drained wheat berries in the refrigerator until needed.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. In a medium saucepan, heat milk until just beginning to bubble around the edges. Add butter, honey, and salt. Stir to dissolve, then let cool until tepid. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. In a large bowl, sprinkle or crumble yeast over 1/4 cup lukewarm water. Let stand for a few minutes, then whisk vigorously to dissolve any remaining yeast. Beat in the milk mixture and 5 cups of the flour, mixing to form a soft dough. Stir in wheat berries, raisins or other dried fruit, 1/4 cup of sunflower or pumpkin seeds, and nuts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. Sprinkle flour over your counter or work table. Scoop the dough onto the work surface and knead for about 6 minutes, adding more flour (up to an additional 1/2 cup) in increments to keep dough from getting too sticky. Various errant mix-ins will try to push their way to freedom by popping out of the dough as you knead. Don’t let them get away with this; push them back into the dough and continue kneading until dough feels elastic and smooth. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>5. Wash and butter your large bowl. Put the dough back into it, turning it over to coat with butter. Cover with a clean damp kitchen towel. Let rise in a warm place for 1 1/2 to 2 hours, or in a cool place for 3 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>6. Deflate the dough by sinking a fist into it. Divide in half and shape into two loaves. Grease two 8\"-by-5\" loaf pans. Put shaped dough into pans, cover with damp towel, and let rise again for another 45 to 60 minutes, until loaves have doubled in bulk. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>7. Preheat oven to 375 degrees F. Brush the top of each loaf with milk and sprinkle with sunflower seeds. Bake loaves for 45 to 50 minutes, until well-browned. Let cool in pans for 15 minutes, then remove from pans and continue cooling on a rack.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/37268/milling-at-the-bale-grist-mill","authors":["5038"],"categories":["bayareabites_1516","bayareabites_752","bayareabites_1246","bayareabites_12"],"tags":["bayareabites_10062","bayareabites_10061","bayareabites_59","bayareabites_2155","bayareabites_10060","bayareabites_10059","bayareabites_10058","bayareabites_3250","bayareabites_3545","bayareabites_3544"],"featImg":"bayareabites_37404","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_11059":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_11059","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"11059","score":null,"sort":[1267718428000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"wheat-berries","title":"Wheat Berries","publishDate":1267718428,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2010/03/wheat-berries.jpg\" alt=\"wheat berries\" title=\"wheat berries\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11060\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you've never heard of wheat berries, you're not alone. When I mentioned to a few people that I wanted to write about them, I received some quizzical looks. So, for anyone not familiar with this whole grain, let me end the suspense: wheat berries are simply individual kernels of wheat. They are what \u003ca href=\"http://www.kingarthurflour.com/\">King Arthur\u003c/a> and other grain companies mill to produce baking flours, from whole wheat to cake and all-purpose. And, just as there are many different types of wheat, there are just as many types of wheat berries, with their color ranging from light tan to a reddish brown. But the most important thing about wheat berries, at least as far as this post is concerned, is that they are scrumptious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other than a short stint in the 70s, when the health-food craze hit the United States, wheat berries have been mostly ignored in this country. This is a shame, as these plump and hearty grains are really worth experiencing. With a slightly nutty flavor and a mild chewy consistency, they are wonderful in soups, stews and salads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My desire to cook wheat berries was born out of a decadent weekend away eating \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2008/02/03/resist-the-box-homemade-macaroni-and-cheese/\">gooey homemade macaroni and cheese\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://homesicktexan.blogspot.com/2007/10/king-of-casseroles-king-ranch-chicken.html\">King Ranch casserole\u003c/a>, and plenty of breakfast sausage and bacon. After indulging, I craved something moderate and almost ascetic for my next dinner. But because I was starving when I shopped, I also yearned for something hearty and substantial. All this made me reach for a bag of wheat berries at the grocery store, along with, I'm embarrassed to admit, some andouille sausage. So much for an austere lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now before I detail how ridiculously healthy wheat berries are, let me reiterate that they are delightful to eat. Too often, people associate healthy foods with bland or disagreeable flavors (which I think has more to do with under seasoning and overcooking, but that's another story). Yet regardless of nutrition, wheat berries and other whole grains are worth eating simply because they have more complex and nuanced flavors than your standard jasmine or basmati rice. Yes, they're also healthier, but I'm no martyr (remember, I'm the one who bought andouille sausage for my minimalist meal): my real reason for eating wheat berries is because they have so much flavor. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, here's the health info. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/health-gains-from-whole-grains/index.html%20\">smarty pants nutritional study at Harvard\u003c/a>, there is a \"connection between eating whole grains and better health.\" Eating wheat berries and other whole grains lowers your risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. These grains additionally offer modest protection against colorectal cancer and also just keep everything moving along nicely -- yes, that is exactly what I mean. They are full of fiber, protein and iron. Oh, and did I mention they're really yummy? What more do you need?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following are a few wheat berry recipes. The first two I've made and loved, and the rest are recipes I hope to try soon. But you don't have to have a specific wheat berry recipe to try this amazing grain. Just use it in place of brown or white rice for your next meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have a good wheat berry recipe, please share it in the comments section as I'm looking to expand my repertoire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2010/03/cooked-wheat-berries.jpg\" alt=\"cooked wheat berries\" title=\"cooked wheat berries\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11061\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cooking Wheat Berries\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWheat berries are great plain, but because you need to cook this grain before you can include it other recipes, you'll need to cook them ahead of time even if you're adding them to soups, salads or stews. Here are some basic instructions for cooking light wheat berries (which are more common than the darker red variety). If you purchase darker red wheat berries, you may need to soak them overnight, but just follow the package directions to be on the safe side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Makes:\u003c/strong> 2 cups \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ingredients:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n1 cup wheat berries\u003cbr>\n3 cups water\u003cbr>\n1 tsp salt\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparation:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Place all ingredients in a medium covered pot.\u003cbr>\n2. Bring water to a boil and then simmer for 45 minutes to one hour or until done.\u003cbr>\n3. Drain off any excess water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Note:\u003c/strong> One day when I needed to leave the house for a bit, I simmered the wheat berries for a half hour and then turned off the heat and left the pot covered. By the time I returned to the house, the wheat berries were fully cooked and ready to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2010/03/popped-wheat-berries.jpg\" alt=\"popped wheat berries\" title=\"popped wheat berries\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11062\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Popped Wheat Berries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One fun way to eat wheat berries is to pop them like popcorn. They're small, so the grains mostly just crack rather than pop, but after seasoning with some sea salt, they are nonetheless downright lip-smackingly tasty to nibble on. They are also a great addition to salads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike pop corn kernals, you need to first partially cook wheat berries to soften them before placing them in a hot pan. I usually just add extra wheat berries to a pot that I'm making and then pull them out after about 15 minutes of simmering (leaving the remainder to thoroughly cook through according to the instructions above). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Makes:\u003c/strong> 1/2 cup popped wheat berries\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ingredients:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n1/2 cup partially-cooked wheat berries (simmered for 15 minutes only)\u003cbr>\n1 tsp vegetable or olive oil\u003cbr>\nSalt to taste\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparation:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Dry wheat berries on a dish towel or with paper towels to pat off the extra moisture from boiling.\u003cbr>\n2. Place berries in a dry pan on high heat (cast iron works great, but any steel or iron pan that is not non-stick will work well). The grains will now continue to dry in the pan. Be sure to continually shake or stir the grains so as not to burn them.\u003cbr>\n3. Once all the moisture seems to have evaporated (about 1-2 minutes), add in the oil and continue to shake the pan while the grains begin to pop. Once the wheat berries are mostly popped, remove them from the pan and season with salt.\u003cbr>\n4. Eat as a snack or as a topping for salads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2010/03/wheat-berries-with-sausage-and-asparagus.jpg\" alt=\"wheat berries with sausage and asparagus\" title=\"wheat berries with sausage and asparagus\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11063\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wheat Berries Sautéed with Andouille Sausage, Asparagus and Almonds\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This dish is like an eclectic group of friends. They're all unique apart, but together they work. Spicy andouille wants to be the star and steal all the attention, but her steady and charming friend wheat berries keeps her balanced, while fun-loving asparagus adds a loveable charm to the group. Meanwhile, nutty almond is cracking jokes. I agree that this analogy is a bit lame, but still, this is how this dish tastes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Makes:\u003c/strong> 4 servings\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ingredients:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n2 cups cooked wheat berries\u003cbr>\n4 andouille sausage links\u003cbr>\n1/2 cup chopped raw almonds\u003cbr>\n4 scallions (the white and green parts)\u003cbr>\n6-8 asparagus stalks with the ends trimmed off and cut into 1/2-inch pieces.\u003cbr>\n1 tsp olive oil\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparation:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Chop sausage into 1/2-inch pieces and cook in a medium-sized pan until thoroughly browned. Remove and place in a bowl.\u003cbr>\n2. Saute scallions in the same pan, adding a bit of olive oil if needed (although the sausage grease will most likely be sufficient). Remove from the pan when slightly crisp, placing in the same bowl as the sausage.\u003cbr>\n3. Brown almonds in the pan and then set in the sausage bowl.\u003cbr>\n4. Add oil to the pan and then saute asparagus for 2 minutes or until al dente.\u003cbr>\n5. Add cooked sausage and scallions, along with the browned almonds to the asparagus in the pan and then add in the cooked wheat berries. Mix thoroughly, season with salt and pepper, and serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2010/03/bowl-of-wheat-berries.jpg\" alt=\"bowl of wheat berries\" title=\"bowl of wheat berries\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11064\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Wheat Berry Recipes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/18/dining/184mrex.html\">Wheat Berries with Sesame, Soy Sauce and Scallions\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.101cookbooks.com/archives/wheat-berry-breakfast-bowl-recipe.html\">Wheat Berry Breakfast Bowl\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.motherearthnews.com/Real-Food/Wheat-Berry-Pudding-Recipe-EW.aspx\">Wheat Berry Pudding\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If you've never heard of wheat berries, you're not alone. When I mentioned to a few people that I wanted to write about them, I received some quizzical looks. So, for anyone not familiar with this whole grain, let me end the suspense: wheat berries are simply individual kernels of wheat (minus the hulls). They are what \u003ca href=\"http://www.kingarthurflour.com/\">King Arthur\u003c/a> and other grain companies mill to produce the many different types of baking flours, from whole wheat to all-purpose. And, just as there are many different types of wheat, there are just as many types of wheat berries, with their color ranging from light tan to a reddish brown. But the most important thing about wheat berries, at least as far as this post is concerned, is that they are scrumptious.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1273683899,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1297},"headData":{"title":"Wheat Berries | KQED","description":"If you've never heard of wheat berries, you're not alone. When I mentioned to a few people that I wanted to write about them, I received some quizzical looks. So, for anyone not familiar with this whole grain, let me end the suspense: wheat berries are simply individual kernels of wheat (minus the hulls). They are what King Arthur and other grain companies mill to produce the many different types of baking flours, from whole wheat to all-purpose. And, just as there are many different types of wheat, there are just as many types of wheat berries, with their color ranging from light tan to a reddish brown. But the most important thing about wheat berries, at least as far as this post is concerned, is that they are scrumptious.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"11059 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=11059","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2010/03/04/wheat-berries/","disqusTitle":"Wheat Berries","path":"/bayareabites/11059/wheat-berries","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2010/03/wheat-berries.jpg\" alt=\"wheat berries\" title=\"wheat berries\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11060\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you've never heard of wheat berries, you're not alone. When I mentioned to a few people that I wanted to write about them, I received some quizzical looks. So, for anyone not familiar with this whole grain, let me end the suspense: wheat berries are simply individual kernels of wheat. They are what \u003ca href=\"http://www.kingarthurflour.com/\">King Arthur\u003c/a> and other grain companies mill to produce baking flours, from whole wheat to cake and all-purpose. And, just as there are many different types of wheat, there are just as many types of wheat berries, with their color ranging from light tan to a reddish brown. But the most important thing about wheat berries, at least as far as this post is concerned, is that they are scrumptious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other than a short stint in the 70s, when the health-food craze hit the United States, wheat berries have been mostly ignored in this country. This is a shame, as these plump and hearty grains are really worth experiencing. With a slightly nutty flavor and a mild chewy consistency, they are wonderful in soups, stews and salads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My desire to cook wheat berries was born out of a decadent weekend away eating \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2008/02/03/resist-the-box-homemade-macaroni-and-cheese/\">gooey homemade macaroni and cheese\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://homesicktexan.blogspot.com/2007/10/king-of-casseroles-king-ranch-chicken.html\">King Ranch casserole\u003c/a>, and plenty of breakfast sausage and bacon. After indulging, I craved something moderate and almost ascetic for my next dinner. But because I was starving when I shopped, I also yearned for something hearty and substantial. All this made me reach for a bag of wheat berries at the grocery store, along with, I'm embarrassed to admit, some andouille sausage. So much for an austere lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now before I detail how ridiculously healthy wheat berries are, let me reiterate that they are delightful to eat. Too often, people associate healthy foods with bland or disagreeable flavors (which I think has more to do with under seasoning and overcooking, but that's another story). Yet regardless of nutrition, wheat berries and other whole grains are worth eating simply because they have more complex and nuanced flavors than your standard jasmine or basmati rice. Yes, they're also healthier, but I'm no martyr (remember, I'm the one who bought andouille sausage for my minimalist meal): my real reason for eating wheat berries is because they have so much flavor. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, here's the health info. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/health-gains-from-whole-grains/index.html%20\">smarty pants nutritional study at Harvard\u003c/a>, there is a \"connection between eating whole grains and better health.\" Eating wheat berries and other whole grains lowers your risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. These grains additionally offer modest protection against colorectal cancer and also just keep everything moving along nicely -- yes, that is exactly what I mean. They are full of fiber, protein and iron. Oh, and did I mention they're really yummy? What more do you need?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following are a few wheat berry recipes. The first two I've made and loved, and the rest are recipes I hope to try soon. But you don't have to have a specific wheat berry recipe to try this amazing grain. Just use it in place of brown or white rice for your next meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have a good wheat berry recipe, please share it in the comments section as I'm looking to expand my repertoire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2010/03/cooked-wheat-berries.jpg\" alt=\"cooked wheat berries\" title=\"cooked wheat berries\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11061\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cooking Wheat Berries\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWheat berries are great plain, but because you need to cook this grain before you can include it other recipes, you'll need to cook them ahead of time even if you're adding them to soups, salads or stews. Here are some basic instructions for cooking light wheat berries (which are more common than the darker red variety). If you purchase darker red wheat berries, you may need to soak them overnight, but just follow the package directions to be on the safe side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Makes:\u003c/strong> 2 cups \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ingredients:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n1 cup wheat berries\u003cbr>\n3 cups water\u003cbr>\n1 tsp salt\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparation:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Place all ingredients in a medium covered pot.\u003cbr>\n2. Bring water to a boil and then simmer for 45 minutes to one hour or until done.\u003cbr>\n3. Drain off any excess water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Note:\u003c/strong> One day when I needed to leave the house for a bit, I simmered the wheat berries for a half hour and then turned off the heat and left the pot covered. By the time I returned to the house, the wheat berries were fully cooked and ready to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2010/03/popped-wheat-berries.jpg\" alt=\"popped wheat berries\" title=\"popped wheat berries\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11062\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Popped Wheat Berries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One fun way to eat wheat berries is to pop them like popcorn. They're small, so the grains mostly just crack rather than pop, but after seasoning with some sea salt, they are nonetheless downright lip-smackingly tasty to nibble on. They are also a great addition to salads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike pop corn kernals, you need to first partially cook wheat berries to soften them before placing them in a hot pan. I usually just add extra wheat berries to a pot that I'm making and then pull them out after about 15 minutes of simmering (leaving the remainder to thoroughly cook through according to the instructions above). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Makes:\u003c/strong> 1/2 cup popped wheat berries\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ingredients:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n1/2 cup partially-cooked wheat berries (simmered for 15 minutes only)\u003cbr>\n1 tsp vegetable or olive oil\u003cbr>\nSalt to taste\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparation:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Dry wheat berries on a dish towel or with paper towels to pat off the extra moisture from boiling.\u003cbr>\n2. Place berries in a dry pan on high heat (cast iron works great, but any steel or iron pan that is not non-stick will work well). The grains will now continue to dry in the pan. Be sure to continually shake or stir the grains so as not to burn them.\u003cbr>\n3. Once all the moisture seems to have evaporated (about 1-2 minutes), add in the oil and continue to shake the pan while the grains begin to pop. Once the wheat berries are mostly popped, remove them from the pan and season with salt.\u003cbr>\n4. Eat as a snack or as a topping for salads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2010/03/wheat-berries-with-sausage-and-asparagus.jpg\" alt=\"wheat berries with sausage and asparagus\" title=\"wheat berries with sausage and asparagus\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11063\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wheat Berries Sautéed with Andouille Sausage, Asparagus and Almonds\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This dish is like an eclectic group of friends. They're all unique apart, but together they work. Spicy andouille wants to be the star and steal all the attention, but her steady and charming friend wheat berries keeps her balanced, while fun-loving asparagus adds a loveable charm to the group. Meanwhile, nutty almond is cracking jokes. I agree that this analogy is a bit lame, but still, this is how this dish tastes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Makes:\u003c/strong> 4 servings\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ingredients:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n2 cups cooked wheat berries\u003cbr>\n4 andouille sausage links\u003cbr>\n1/2 cup chopped raw almonds\u003cbr>\n4 scallions (the white and green parts)\u003cbr>\n6-8 asparagus stalks with the ends trimmed off and cut into 1/2-inch pieces.\u003cbr>\n1 tsp olive oil\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparation:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Chop sausage into 1/2-inch pieces and cook in a medium-sized pan until thoroughly browned. Remove and place in a bowl.\u003cbr>\n2. Saute scallions in the same pan, adding a bit of olive oil if needed (although the sausage grease will most likely be sufficient). Remove from the pan when slightly crisp, placing in the same bowl as the sausage.\u003cbr>\n3. Brown almonds in the pan and then set in the sausage bowl.\u003cbr>\n4. Add oil to the pan and then saute asparagus for 2 minutes or until al dente.\u003cbr>\n5. Add cooked sausage and scallions, along with the browned almonds to the asparagus in the pan and then add in the cooked wheat berries. Mix thoroughly, season with salt and pepper, and serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2010/03/bowl-of-wheat-berries.jpg\" alt=\"bowl of wheat berries\" title=\"bowl of wheat berries\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11064\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Wheat Berry Recipes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/18/dining/184mrex.html\">Wheat Berries with Sesame, Soy Sauce and Scallions\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.101cookbooks.com/archives/wheat-berry-breakfast-bowl-recipe.html\">Wheat Berry Breakfast Bowl\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.motherearthnews.com/Real-Food/Wheat-Berry-Pudding-Recipe-EW.aspx\">Wheat Berry Pudding\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/11059/wheat-berries","authors":["5016"],"categories":["bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_12"],"tags":["bayareabites_3546","bayareabites_4051","bayareabites_3547","bayareabites_3545","bayareabites_3544","bayareabites_245"],"label":"bayareabites"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3am-9am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/morning-edition"},"onourwatch":{"id":"onourwatch","title":"On Our Watch","tagline":"Police secrets, unsealed","info":"For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"On Our Watch from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/onourwatch","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"1"},"link":"/podcasts/onourwatch","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"}},"on-the-media":{"id":"on-the-media","title":"On The Media","info":"Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"15"},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/planet-money","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"}},"politicalbreakdown":{"id":"politicalbreakdown","title":"Political Breakdown","tagline":"Politics from a personal perspective","info":"Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.","airtime":"THU 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Political Breakdown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"11"},"link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5Nzk2MzI2MTEx","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"}},"pri-the-world":{"id":"pri-the-world","title":"PRI's The World: Latest Edition","info":"Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.","airtime":"MON-FRI 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world","meta":{"site":"news","source":"PRI"},"link":"/radio/program/pri-the-world","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/","rss":"http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"}},"radiolab":{"id":"radiolab","title":"Radiolab","info":"A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.","airtime":"SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/radiolab","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/","rss":"https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"}},"reveal":{"id":"reveal","title":"Reveal","info":"Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.","airtime":"SAT 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/reveal","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/","rss":"http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"}},"says-you":{"id":"says-you","title":"Says You!","info":"Public radio's game show of bluff and bluster, words and whimsy. The warmest, wittiest cocktail party - it's spirited and civil, brainy and boisterous, peppered with musical interludes. Fast paced and playful, it's the most fun you can have with language without getting your mouth washed out with soap. Our motto: It's not important to know the answers, it's important to like the answers!","airtime":"SUN 4pm-5pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Says-You-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.saysyouradio.com/","meta":{"site":"comedy","source":"Pipit and Finch"},"link":"/radio/program/says-you","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/says-you!/id1050199826","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Says-You-p480/","rss":"https://saysyou.libsyn.com/rss"}},"science-friday":{"id":"science-friday","title":"Science Friday","info":"Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.","airtime":"FRI 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/science-friday","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"}},"science-podcast":{"id":"science-podcast","title":"KQED Science News","tagline":"From the lab, to your ears","info":"KQED Science explores science and environment news, trends, and events from the Bay Area and beyond.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-News-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"kqed","order":"17"},"link":"/science/category/science-podcast","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqed-science-news/id214663465","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2dzLmtxZWQub3JnL3NjaWVuY2UvZmVlZC8","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed-science-news","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/category/science-podcast/feed/podcast"}},"selected-shorts":{"id":"selected-shorts","title":"Selected Shorts","info":"Spellbinding short stories by established and emerging writers take on a new life when they are performed by stars of the stage and screen.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Selected-Shorts-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pri.org/programs/selected-shorts","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"pri"},"link":"/radio/program/selected-shorts","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=253191824&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Selected-Shorts-p31792/","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/selectedshorts"}},"snap-judgment":{"id":"snap-judgment","title":"Snap Judgment","info":"Snap Judgment (Storytelling, with a BEAT) mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic, kick-ass radio. Snap’s raw, musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. WNYC studios is the producer of leading podcasts including Radiolab, Freakonomics Radio, Note To Self, Here’s The Thing With Alec Baldwin, and more.","airtime":"SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/snapJudgement.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://snapjudgment.org","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/snap-judgment","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=283657561&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Snap-Judgment-p243817/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/snapjudgment-wnyc"}},"soldout":{"id":"soldout","title":"SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America","tagline":"A new future for housing","info":"Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/soldout","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":3},"link":"/podcasts/soldout","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america","tunein":"https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vc29sZG91dA"}},"ted-radio-hour":{"id":"ted-radio-hour","title":"TED Radio Hour","info":"The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.","airtime":"SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/ted-radio-hour","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"}},"tech-nation":{"id":"tech-nation","title":"Tech Nation Radio Podcast","info":"Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.","airtime":"FRI 10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://technation.podomatic.com/","meta":{"site":"science","source":"Tech Nation Media"},"link":"/radio/program/tech-nation","subscribe":{"rss":"https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"}},"thebay":{"id":"thebay","title":"The Bay","tagline":"Local news to keep you rooted","info":"Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED The Bay","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/thebay","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":"6"},"link":"/podcasts/thebay","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM4MjU5Nzg2MzI3","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"}},"californiareport":{"id":"californiareport","title":"The California Report","tagline":"California, day by day","info":"KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The California Report","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareport","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"9"},"link":"/californiareport","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1MDAyODE4NTgz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"}},"californiareportmagazine":{"id":"californiareportmagazine","title":"The California Report Magazine","tagline":"Your state, your stories","info":"Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.","airtime":"FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/californiareportmagazine","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"10"},"link":"/californiareportmagazine","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"}},"theleap":{"id":"theleap","title":"The Leap","tagline":"What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?","info":"Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Leap","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/theleap","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"14"},"link":"/podcasts/theleap","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM0NTcwODQ2MjY2","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"}},"masters-of-scale":{"id":"masters-of-scale","title":"Masters of Scale","info":"Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.","airtime":"Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://mastersofscale.com/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WaitWhat"},"link":"/radio/program/masters-of-scale","subscribe":{"apple":"http://mastersofscale.app.link/","rss":"https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"}},"the-moth-radio-hour":{"id":"the-moth-radio-hour","title":"The Moth Radio Hour","info":"Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.","airtime":"SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://themoth.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"prx"},"link":"/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/","rss":"http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"}},"the-new-yorker-radio-hour":{"id":"the-new-yorker-radio-hour","title":"The New Yorker Radio Hour","info":"The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.","airtime":"SAT 10am-11am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"}},"the-takeaway":{"id":"the-takeaway","title":"The Takeaway","info":"The Takeaway is produced in partnership with its national audience. It delivers perspective and analysis to help us better understand the day’s news. Be a part of the American conversation on-air and online.","airtime":"MON-THU 12pm-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Takeaway-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/takeaway","meta":{"site":"news","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/the-takeaway","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-takeaway/id363143310?mt=2","tuneIn":"http://tunein.com/radio/The-Takeaway-p150731/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/takeawaypodcast"}},"this-american-life":{"id":"this-american-life","title":"This American Life","info":"This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.","airtime":"SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wbez"},"link":"/radio/program/this-american-life","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","rss":"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"}},"truthbetold":{"id":"truthbetold","title":"Truth Be Told","tagline":"Advice by and for people of color","info":"We’re the friend you call after a long day, the one who gets it. Through wisdom from some of the greatest thinkers of our time, host Tonya Mosley explores what it means to grow and thrive as a Black person in America, while discovering new ways of being that serve as a portal to more love, more healing, and more joy.","airtime":"","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Truth-Be-Told-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Truth Be Told with Tonya Mosley","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.kqed.ord/podcasts/truthbetold","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr","order":"12"},"link":"/podcasts/truthbetold","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/truth-be-told/id1462216572","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS90cnV0aC1iZS10b2xkLXBvZGNhc3QvZmVlZA","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/719210818/truth-be-told","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=398170&refid=stpr","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/587DhwTBxke6uvfwDfaV5N"}},"wait-wait-dont-tell-me":{"id":"wait-wait-dont-tell-me","title":"Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!","info":"Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.","airtime":"SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"}},"washington-week":{"id":"washington-week","title":"Washington Week","info":"For 50 years, Washington Week has been the most intelligent and up to date conversation about the most important news stories of the week. Washington Week is the longest-running news and public affairs program on PBS and features journalists -- not pundits -- lending insight and perspective to the week's important news stories.","airtime":"SAT 1:30am-2am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/washington-week.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/washington-week","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/washington-week-audio-pbs/id83324702?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Current-Affairs/Washington-Week-p693/","rss":"http://feeds.pbs.org/pbs/weta/washingtonweek-audio"}},"weekend-edition-saturday":{"id":"weekend-edition-saturday","title":"Weekend Edition Saturday","info":"Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.","airtime":"SAT 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"},"weekend-edition-sunday":{"id":"weekend-edition-sunday","title":"Weekend Edition Sunday","info":"Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.","airtime":"SUN 5am-10am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"},"world-affairs":{"id":"world-affairs","title":"World Affairs","info":"The world as we knew it is undergoing a rapid transformation…so what's next? Welcome to WorldAffairs, your guide to a changing world. We give you the context you need to navigate across borders and ideologies. Through sound-rich stories and in-depth interviews, we break down what it means to be a global citizen on a hot, crowded planet. Our hosts, Ray Suarez, Teresa Cotsirilos and Philip Yun help you make sense of an uncertain world, one story at a time.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/World-Affairs-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg ","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.worldaffairs.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"World Affairs"},"link":"/radio/program/world-affairs","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/world-affairs/id101215657?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/WorldAffairs-p1665/","rss":"https://worldaffairs.libsyn.com/rss"}},"on-shifting-ground":{"id":"on-shifting-ground","title":"On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez","info":"Geopolitical turmoil. A warming planet. Authoritarians on the rise. We live in a chaotic world that’s rapidly shifting around us. “On Shifting Ground with Ray Suarez” explores international fault lines and how they impact us all. Each week, NPR veteran Ray Suarez hosts conversations with journalists, leaders and policy experts to help us read between the headlines – and give us hope for human resilience.","airtime":"MON 10pm, TUE 1am, SAT 3am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/12/onshiftingground-600x600-1.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://worldaffairs.org/radio-podcast/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"On Shifting Ground"},"link":"/radio/program/on-shifting-ground","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/on-shifting-ground/id101215657","rss":"https://feeds.libsyn.com/36668/rss"}},"hidden-brain":{"id":"hidden-brain","title":"Hidden Brain","info":"Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain","airtime":"SUN 7pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"NPR"},"link":"/radio/program/hidden-brain","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"}},"city-arts":{"id":"city-arts","title":"City Arts & Lectures","info":"A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.cityarts.net/","airtime":"SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am","meta":{"site":"news","source":"City Arts & Lectures"},"link":"https://www.cityarts.net","subscribe":{"tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/","rss":"https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"}},"white-lies":{"id":"white-lies","title":"White Lies","info":"In 1965, Rev. James Reeb was murdered in Selma, Alabama. Three men were tried and acquitted, but no one was ever held to account. Fifty years later, two journalists from Alabama return to the city where it happened, expose the lies that kept the murder from being solved and uncover a story about guilt and memory that says as much about America today as it does about the past.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/White-Lies-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/white-lies","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/whitelies","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1462650519?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM0My9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/12yZ2j8vxqhc0QZyRES3ft?si=LfWYEK6URA63hueKVxRLAw","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510343/podcast.xml"}},"rightnowish":{"id":"rightnowish","title":"Rightnowish","tagline":"Art is where you find it","info":"Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/rightnowish","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"kqed","order":"5"},"link":"/podcasts/rightnowish","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast","apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"}},"jerrybrown":{"id":"jerrybrown","title":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","tagline":"Lessons from a lifetime in politics","info":"The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"16"},"link":"/podcasts/jerrybrown","subscribe":{"npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/","tuneIn":"http://tun.in/pjGcK","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9zZXJpZXMvamVycnlicm93bi9mZWVkL3BvZGNhc3Qv"}},"the-splendid-table":{"id":"the-splendid-table","title":"The Splendid Table","info":"\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.splendidtable.org/","airtime":"SUN 10-11 pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/the-splendid-table"}},"racesReducer":{"5921":{"id":"5921","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":158422,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.97,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Doris Matsui","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":89456,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tom Silva","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":48920,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Mandel","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":20046,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:00:38.194Z"},"5922":{"id":"5922","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rudy Recile","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Garamendi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5924":{"id":"5924","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":185034,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.07,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark DeSaulnier","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":121265,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katherine Piccinini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34883,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nolan Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":19459,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Sweeney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":7606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mohamed Elsherbini","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1821,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-09T01:02:32.415Z"},"5926":{"id":"5926","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":153801,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lateefah Simon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":85905,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Tran","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22964,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Daysog","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17197,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Slauson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9699,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Glenn Kaplan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6785,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4243,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Abdur Sikder","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2847,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ned Nuerge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2532,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Andre Todd","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:22:36.062Z"},"5928":{"id":"5928","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":125831,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.14,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Eric Swalwell","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":83989,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Vin Kruttiventi","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":22106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alison Hayden","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11928,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luis Reynoso","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7808,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:51:36.366Z"},"5930":{"id":"5930","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":182135,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","timeUpdated":"3:04 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sam Liccardo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":38489,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Evan Low","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Simitian","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":30249,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Ohtaki","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23275,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Peter Dixon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14673,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rishi Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12377,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karl Ryan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11557,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Julie Lythcott-Haims","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11383,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ahmed Mostafa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5811,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Greg Tanaka","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joby Bernstein","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1651,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:32:05.002Z"},"5931":{"id":"5931","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":117534,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.92,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ro Khanna","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73941,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anita Chen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31539,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ritesh Tandon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":5728,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mario Ramirez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4491,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Joe Dehn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":1835,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T01:50:53.956Z"},"5932":{"id":"5932","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":96302,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.93,"eevp":98.83,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Zoe Lofgren","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":49323,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Peter Hernandez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":31622,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Charlene Nijmeh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":10614,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Lawrence Milan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2712,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Luele Kifle","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2031,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:26:02.706Z"},"5963":{"id":"5963","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":139085,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.62,"eevp":98.6,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Greer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38079,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Rogers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":27126,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rusty Hicks","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25615,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ariel Kelley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Frankie Myers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":17694,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ted Williams","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9550,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Click","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1538,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-22T21:38:36.711Z"},"5972":{"id":"5972","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":99775,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lori Wilson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":50085,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dave Ennis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":26074,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Wanda Wallis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14638,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeffrey Flack","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8978,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-08T02:01:24.524Z"},"5973":{"id":"5973","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":143532,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Damon Connolly","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":111275,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andy Podshadley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17240,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Eryn Cervantes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15017,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:25:32.262Z"},"5975":{"id":"5975","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 14","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":106997,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.06,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Buffy Wicks","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":78678,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Margot Smith","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18251,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Utkarsh Jain","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":10068,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:30:34.539Z"},"5976":{"id":"5976","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":97144,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.98,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sonia Ledo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":30946,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Anamarie Farias","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":29512,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Monica Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":24775,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Karen Mitchoff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11911,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T00:19:38.858Z"},"5977":{"id":"5977","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 16","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joseph Rubay","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rebecca Bauer-Kahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5978":{"id":"5978","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 17","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":111003,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Haney","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":90915,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Manuel Noris-Barrera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13843,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Otto Duke","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":6245,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:36:19.697Z"},"5979":{"id":"5979","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 18","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":86008,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.1,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:41 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mia Bonta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":73040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andre Sandford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":4575,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mindy Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4389,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Cheyenne Kenney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T08:03:23.729Z"},"5980":{"id":"5980","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":113959,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.8,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Catherine Stefani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":64960,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":33035,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nadia Flamenco","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":8335,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Arjun Sodhani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":7629,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-11T23:50:23.109Z"},"5981":{"id":"5981","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 20","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Ortega","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5982":{"id":"5982","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 21","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Gilham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Diane Papan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"5984":{"id":"5984","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 23","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":116963,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.91,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Marc Berman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":67106,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lydia Kou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":23699,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Gus Mattammal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":13277,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Allan Marson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12881,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:13:06.280Z"},"5987":{"id":"5987","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 26","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":72753,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Patrick Ahrens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25036,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tara Sreekrishnan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19600,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sophie Song","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15954,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Omar Din","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":8772,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bob Goodwyn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":2170,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ashish Garg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1221,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T21:06:29.070Z"},"5989":{"id":"5989","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 28","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Gail Pellerin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Liz Lawler","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6010":{"id":"6010","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 49","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:36 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Fong","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Long Liu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6018":{"id":"6018","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":229348,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.05,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:38 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jared Huffman","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":169005,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Chris Coulombe","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":37372,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tief Gibbs","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18437,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jolian Kangas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":3166,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Brisendine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":1368,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:46:10.103Z"},"6020":{"id":"6020","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":187640,"precinctsReportPercentage":96.32,"eevp":96.36,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":118147,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John Munn","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":56232,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Andrew Engdahl","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":11202,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Niket Patwardhan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":2059,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:30:57.980Z"},"6025":{"id":"6025","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":121271,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.17,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Harder","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":60396,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Lincoln","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":36346,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"John McBride","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":15525,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Khalid Jafri","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9004,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:49:44.113Z"},"6031":{"id":"6031","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Anna Kramer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Kevin Mullin","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6035":{"id":"6035","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":203670,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.11,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jimmy Panetta","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":132540,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jason Anderson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":58120,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Sean Dougherty","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Grn","voteCount":13010,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-07T00:23:46.779Z"},"6066":{"id":"6066","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jamie Gallagher","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Aaron Draper","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6067":{"id":"6067","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 4","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Cecilia Aguiar-Curry","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6087":{"id":"6087","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 24","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":66643,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.19,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alex Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45544,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Brunton","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14951,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marti Souza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6148,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T23:23:49.770Z"},"6088":{"id":"6088","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 25","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":69560,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.31,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ash Kalra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":35821,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Ted Stroll","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":18255,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Lan Ngo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":15484,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-14T02:40:57.200Z"},"6092":{"id":"6092","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State House, District 29","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Robert Rivas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"J.W. Paine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6223":{"id":"6223","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 46","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:16 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lou Correa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"David Pan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6530":{"id":"6530","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":222193,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Thom Bogue","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":61776,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christopher Cabaldon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":59041,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Rozzana Verder-Aliga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":45546,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jackie Elward","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41127,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jimih Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":14703,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-15T01:24:31.539Z"},"6531":{"id":"6531","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":171623,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:10 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jim Shoemaker","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":74935,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jerry McNerney","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":57040,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Carlos Villapudua","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":39648,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T20:07:46.382Z"},"6532":{"id":"6532","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":192446,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.72,"eevp":98.78,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:48 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jesse Arreguín","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61837,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Jovanka Beckles","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34025,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Dan Kalb","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28842,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Kathryn Lybarger","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":28041,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sandre Swanson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":22862,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jeanne Solnordal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16839,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-16T00:58:11.533Z"},"6533":{"id":"6533","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tim Grayson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marisol Rubio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6534":{"id":"6534","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":228260,"precinctsReportPercentage":99.09,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Scott Wiener","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":166592,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Yvette Corkrean","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34438,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Cynthia Cravens","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":18513,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jing Xiong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":8717,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T02:01:51.597Z"},"6535":{"id":"6535","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":227191,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.88,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Josh Becker","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":167127,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Alexander Glew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":42788,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Christina Laskowski","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":17276,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T01:56:24.964Z"},"6536":{"id":"6536","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":180231,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.81,"eevp":98.95,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:20 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dave Cortese","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":124440,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Robert Howell","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34173,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Tony Loaiza","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":21618,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-13T01:15:45.365Z"},"6548":{"id":"6548","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"State Senate, District 39","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":0,"uncontested":true,"precinctsReportPercentage":0,"eevp":0,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 20, 2024","timeUpdated":"4:55 PM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Akilah Weber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bob Divine","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":0,"isWinner":true}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:00:30.000Z"},"6611":{"id":"6611","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":188732,"precinctsReportPercentage":98.89,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 22, 2024","timeUpdated":"8:25 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Nancy Pelosi","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":138285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Bruce Lou","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":16285,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marjorie Mikels","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":9363,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Bianca Von Krieg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":7634,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Zeng","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":6607,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jason Boyce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":4325,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Larry Nichelson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3482,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eve Del Castello","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2751,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-12T00:31:55.445Z"},"8589":{"id":"8589","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7276537,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2299507,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2292414,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1115606,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":714408,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":240723,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Bradley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":98180,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":61755,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sharleta Bassett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":54422,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sarah Liew","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":38483,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Laura Garza ","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":34320,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Reiss","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":34283,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":34056,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gail Lightfoot","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"Lib","voteCount":33046,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Denice Gary-Pandol","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":25494,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"James Macauley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":23168,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Harmesh Kumar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21522,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Peterson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21076,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Douglas Pierce","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":19371,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Major Singh","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":16965,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"John Rose","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14577,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Perry Pound","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":14134,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Raji Rab","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":13558,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Mark Ruzon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":13429,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Forrest Jones","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"AIP","voteCount":13027,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stefan Simchowitz","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":12717,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Martin Veprauskas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":9714,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Don Grundmann","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"NPP","voteCount":6582,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T05:01:46.589Z"},"8686":{"id":"8686","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":3589127,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:48 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Biden","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":3200188,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Marianne Williamson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":145690,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Dean Phillips","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":99981,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Armando Perez-Serrato","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":42925,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Gabriel Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":41261,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"President Boddie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":25373,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Stephen Lyons","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":21008,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eban Cambridge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":12701,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:12:27.559Z"},"8688":{"id":"8688","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"President,","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":2466569,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Donald Trump","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":1953947,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Nikki Haley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":430792,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ron DeSantis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":35581,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Chris Christie","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":20164,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Vivek Ramaswamy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":11069,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Rachel Swift","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":4231,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"David Stuckenberg","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3895,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Ryan Binkley","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3563,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Asa Hutchinson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":3327,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:13:19.766Z"},"81993":{"id":"81993","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"U.S. Senate, Class I Unexpired Term","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top2","totalVotes":7358837,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Steve Garvey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":2444940,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Adam Schiff","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":2155146,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"Katie Porter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":1269194,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Barbara Lee","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":863278,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Eric Early","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"R","voteCount":448788,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Christina Pascucci","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":109421,"isWinner":false},{"candidateName":"Sepi Gilani","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"D","voteCount":68070,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-06T04:31:08.186Z"},"82014":{"id":"82014","type":"apRace","location":"State of California","raceName":"Proposition, 1 - Behavioral Health Services Program","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceType":"top1","totalVotes":7221972,"precinctsReportPercentage":99,"eevp":99,"tabulationStatus":"Tabulation Paused","dateUpdated":"March 25, 2024","timeUpdated":"5:47 AM","source":"AP","candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3624998,"isWinner":true},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":null,"voteCount":3596974,"isWinner":false}],"winnerDateTime":"2024-03-21T00:11:06.265Z"},"timeLoaded":"April 19, 2024 4:27 AM","nationalRacesLoaded":true,"localRacesLoaded":true,"overrides":[{"id":"5921","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5922","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 8","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5924","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 10","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5926","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/congress-12th-district"},{"id":"5928","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5930","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/congress-16th-district"},{"id":"5931","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5932","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5963","raceName":"State Assembly, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5972","raceName":"State Assembly, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5973","raceName":"State Assembly, District 12","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5975","raceName":"State Assembly, District 14","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5976","raceName":"State Assembly, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/state-assembly"},{"id":"5977","raceName":"State Assembly, District 16","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5978","raceName":"State Assembly, District 17","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5979","raceName":"State Assembly, District 18","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5980","raceName":"State Assembly, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5981","raceName":"State Assembly, District 20","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5982","raceName":"State Assembly, District 21","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"5984","raceName":"State Assembly, District 23","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-assembly-23rd-district"},{"id":"5987","raceName":"State Assembly, District 26","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/state-assembly-26th-district"},{"id":"5989","raceName":"State Assembly, District 28","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6010","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6018","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 2","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6020","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6025","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6031","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6035","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 19","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6067","raceName":"State Assembly, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6087","raceName":"State Assembly, District 24","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6088","raceName":"State Assembly, District 25","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6092","raceName":"State Assembly, District 29","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6223","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 4","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6530","raceName":"State Senate, District 3","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-3rd-district"},{"id":"6531","raceName":"State Senate, District 5","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6532","raceName":"State Senate, District 7","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/state-senate-7th-district"},{"id":"6533","raceName":"State Senate, District 9","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6534","raceName":"State Senate, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6535","raceName":"State Senate, District 13","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6536","raceName":"State Senate, District 15","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"6611","raceName":"U.S. House of Representatives, District 11","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":""},{"id":"8589","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Full Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/senator"},{"id":"8686","raceName":"California Democratic Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 496 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/president/democrat"},{"id":"8688","raceName":"California Republican Presidential Primary","raceDescription":"Candidates are competing for 169 delegates.","raceReadTheStory":"https://kqed.org/elections/results/president/republican"},{"id":"81993","raceName":"U.S. Senate (Partial/Unexpired Term)","raceDescription":"Top two candidates advance to general election."},{"id":"82014","raceName":"Proposition 1","raceDescription":"Bond and mental health reforms. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/proposition-1"}],"AlamedaJudge5":{"id":"AlamedaJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":200601,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Terry Wiley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":200601}]},"AlamedaJudge12":{"id":"AlamedaJudge12","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 12","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":240853,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mark Fickes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":133009},{"candidateName":"Michael P. Johnson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107844}]},"AlamedaBoard2":{"id":"AlamedaBoard2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 2","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33580,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Lewis","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6943},{"candidateName":"Angela Normand","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":26637}]},"AlamedaBoard5":{"id":"AlamedaBoard5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 5","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":26072,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Guadalupe \"Lupe\" Angulo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7521},{"candidateName":"Janevette Cole","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13338},{"candidateName":"Joe Orlando Ramos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5213}]},"AlamedaBoard6":{"id":"AlamedaBoard6","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Education, Trustee Area 6","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":30864,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"John Guerrero","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9989},{"candidateName":"Eileen McDonald","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20875}]},"AlamedaSup1":{"id":"AlamedaSup1","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":41038,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Haubert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":41038}]},"AlamedaSup2":{"id":"AlamedaSup2","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":31034,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Elisa Márquez","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":31034}]},"AlamedaSup4":{"id":"AlamedaSup4","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":57007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jennifer Esteen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22400},{"candidateName":"Nate Miley","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34607}]},"AlamedaSup5":{"id":"AlamedaSup5","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":81059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Ben Bartlett","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13518},{"candidateName":"Nikki Fortunato Bas","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":27597},{"candidateName":"John J. Bauters","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":16783},{"candidateName":"Ken Berrick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7520},{"candidateName":"Omar Farmer","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1240},{"candidateName":"Gregory Hodge","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3419},{"candidateName":"Chris Moore","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7428},{"candidateName":"Gerald Pechenuk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":305},{"candidateName":"Lorrel Plimier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3249}]},"AlamedaBoard7":{"id":"AlamedaBoard7","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Flood Control & Water Conservation District Director, Zone 7, Full Term","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":134340,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Alan Burnham","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15723},{"candidateName":"Sandy Figuers","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22454},{"candidateName":"Laurene K. Green","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":30343},{"candidateName":"Kathy Narum","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23833},{"candidateName":"Seema Badar","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7468},{"candidateName":"Catherine Brown","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":34519}]},"AlamedaAuditor":{"id":"AlamedaAuditor","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Oakland Auditor","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":59227,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Houston","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59227}]},"AlamedaMeasureA":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Civil service. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282335,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":167903},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":114432}]},"AlamedaMeasureB":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Alameda County. Recall rules. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/alameda/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":282683,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182200},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":100483}]},"AlamedaMeasureD":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Oakland. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":79797,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":59852},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19945}]},"AlamedaMeasureE":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Alameda Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":22692,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17280},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5412}]},"AlamedaMeasureF":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"Piedmont. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":4855,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3673},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1182}]},"AlamedaMeasureG":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Albany Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":5898,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4651},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1247}]},"AlamedaMeasureH":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Berkeley Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":33331,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":29418},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913}]},"AlamedaMeasureI":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Hayward Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":21929,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14151},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7778}]},"AlamedaMeasureJ":{"id":"AlamedaMeasureJ","type":"localRace","location":"Alameda","raceName":"Measure J","raceDescription":"San Leandro Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:02 PM","dateUpdated":"April 1, 2024","totalVotes":12338,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7784},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4554}]},"CCD2":{"id":"CCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":45776,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Candace Andersen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":45776}]},"CCD3":{"id":"CCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":25120,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Diane Burgis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":25120}]},"CCD5":{"id":"CCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":37045,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Barbanica","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14338},{"candidateName":"Jelani Killings","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5683},{"candidateName":"Shanelle Scales-Preston","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12993},{"candidateName":"Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4031}]},"CCMeasureA":{"id":"CCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Martinez. Appoint City Clerk. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":11513,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7554},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3959}]},"CCMeasureB":{"id":"CCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Antioch Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17971,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10397},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7574}]},"CCMeasureC":{"id":"CCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":9230,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6917},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2313}]},"CCMeasureD":{"id":"CCMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Contra Costa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Moraga School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:45 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":6007,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4052},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1955}]},"MarinD2":{"id":"MarinD2","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":18466,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Brian Colbert","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7971},{"candidateName":"Heather McPhail Sridharan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4851},{"candidateName":"Ryan O'Neil","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2647},{"candidateName":"Gabe Paulson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2997}]},"MarinD3":{"id":"MarinD3","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":13274,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Moulton-Peters","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13274}]},"MarinD4":{"id":"MarinD4","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":12986,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Dennis Rodoni","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10086},{"candidateName":"Francis Drouillard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2900}]},"MarinLarkspurCC":{"id":"MarinLarkspurCC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Larkspur City Council (Short Term)","raceDescription":"Top candidate wins seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4176,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Stephanie Andre","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2514},{"candidateName":"Claire Paquette","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1008},{"candidateName":"Lana Scott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":654}]},"MarinRossCouncil":{"id":"MarinRossCouncil","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Ross Town Council","raceDescription":"Top three candidates win seat.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top3","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1740,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Charles William \"Bill\" Kircher, Jr.","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":536},{"candidateName":"Mathew Salter","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":502},{"candidateName":"Shadi Aboukhater","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":187},{"candidateName":"Teri Dowling","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":515}]},"MarinMeasureA":{"id":"MarinMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Tamalpais Union High School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":45345,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24376},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20969}]},"MarinMeasureB":{"id":"MarinMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":132,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":62},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":70}]},"MarinMeasureC":{"id":"MarinMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Belvedere. Appropriation limit. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":870,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":679},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureD":{"id":"MarinMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Larkspur. Rent stabilization. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-d","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":4955,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2573},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2382}]},"MarinMeasureE":{"id":"MarinMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Ross. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/measure-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":874,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":683},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":191}]},"MarinMeasureF":{"id":"MarinMeasureF","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure F","raceDescription":"San Anselmo. Flood Control and Water Conservation District. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":5193,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3083},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2110}]},"MarinMeasureG":{"id":"MarinMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Bel Marin Keys Community Services District. Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":830,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":661},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":169}]},"MarinMeasureH":{"id":"MarinMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, fire protection. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1738,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1369},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":369}]},"MarinMeasureI":{"id":"MarinMeasureI","type":"localRace","location":"Marin","raceName":"Measure I","raceDescription":"Marinwood Community Services District. Appropriations limit, parks. Passes with a majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:54 PM","dateUpdated":"March 27, 2024","totalVotes":1735,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1336},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":399}]},"NapaD2":{"id":"NapaD2","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":8351,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Liz Alessio","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6340},{"candidateName":"Doris Gentry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2011}]},"NapaD4":{"id":"NapaD4","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":7306,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Amber Manfree","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3913},{"candidateName":"Pete Mott","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3393}]},"NapaD5":{"id":"NapaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/napa/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":5356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mariam Aboudamous","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2379},{"candidateName":"Belia Ramos","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2977}]},"NapaMeasureD":{"id":"NapaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Howell Mountain Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":741,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":367},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":374}]},"NapaMeasureU":{"id":"NapaMeasureU","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Lake Berryessa Resort Improvement District. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":86,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":63},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23}]},"NapaMeasureU1":{"id":"NapaMeasureU1","type":"localRace","location":"Napa","raceName":"Measure U","raceDescription":"Yountville. Appropriations limit. Passes with majority vote. ","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"April 3, 2024","totalVotes":925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":793},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":132}]},"SFJudge1":{"id":"SFJudge1","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-1","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202960,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Begert","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":124943},{"candidateName":"Chip Zecher","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":78017}]},"SFJudge13":{"id":"SFJudge13","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Seat 13","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/superior-court-seat-13","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":202386,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jean Myungjin Roland","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":90012},{"candidateName":"Patrick S. Thompson","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":112374}]},"SFPropA":{"id":"SFPropA","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition A","raceDescription":"Housing bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":225187,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":158497},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":66690}]},"SFPropB":{"id":"SFPropB","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition B","raceDescription":"Police staffing. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222954,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":61580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":161374}]},"SFPropC":{"id":"SFPropC","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition C","raceDescription":"Transfer tax exemption. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":220349,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":116311},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":104038}]},"SFPropD":{"id":"SFPropD","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition D","raceDescription":"Ethics laws. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222615,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":198584},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":24031}]},"SFPropE":{"id":"SFPropE","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition E","raceDescription":"Police policies. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-e","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222817,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":120529},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":102288}]},"SFPropF":{"id":"SFPropF","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition F","raceDescription":"Drug screening. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanfrancisco/proposition-f","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":224004,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":130214},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":93790}]},"SFPropG":{"id":"SFPropG","type":"localRace","location":"San Francisco","raceName":"Proposition G","raceDescription":"Eighth-grade algebra. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:50 PM","dateUpdated":"March 21, 2024","totalVotes":222704,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":182066},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":40638}]},"SMJudge4":{"id":"SMJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":108919,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Sarah Burdick","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":108919}]},"SMD1":{"id":"SMD1","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":29650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jackie Speier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":20353},{"candidateName":"Ann Schneider","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9297}]},"SMD4":{"id":"SMD4","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sanmateo/supervisor-4th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22725,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Antonio Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5730},{"candidateName":"Lisa Gauthier","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10358},{"candidateName":"Celeste Brevard","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1268},{"candidateName":"Paul Bocanegra","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1909},{"candidateName":"Maggie Cornejo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3460}]},"SMD5":{"id":"SMD5","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":19937,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Canepa","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":19937}]},"SMMeasureB":{"id":"SMMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"County Service Area #1 (Highlands). Special tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1360},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":189}]},"SMMeasureC":{"id":"SMMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Jefferson Elementary School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":12234,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8543},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3691}]},"SMMeasureE":{"id":"SMMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Woodside Elementary School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":1392,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":910},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":482}]},"SMMeasureG":{"id":"SMMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Pacifica School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":11548,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7067},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4481}]},"SMMeasureH":{"id":"SMMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"San Mateo","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"San Carlos School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:56 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":9938,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6283},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3655}]},"SCJudge5":{"id":"SCJudge5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":301953,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Jay Boyarsky","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":142549},{"candidateName":"Nicole M. Ford","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":52147},{"candidateName":"Johnene Linda Stebbins","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":107257}]},"SCD2":{"id":"SCD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-2nd-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":44059,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Corina Herrera-Loera","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10519},{"candidateName":"Jennifer Margaret Celaya","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2394},{"candidateName":"Madison Nguyen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":12794},{"candidateName":"Betty Duong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14031},{"candidateName":"Nelson McElmurry","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4321}]},"SCD3":{"id":"SCD3","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":42549,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Otto Lee","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42549}]},"SCD5":{"id":"SCD5","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/santaclara/supervisor-5th-district","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":88712,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Margaret Abe-Koga","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":37172},{"candidateName":"Sally J. Lieber","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":21962},{"candidateName":"Barry Chang","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6164},{"candidateName":"Peter C. Fung","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":17892},{"candidateName":"Sandy Sans","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5522}]},"SCSJMayor":{"id":"SCSJMayor","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José Mayor","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":167064,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Matt Mahan","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":144701},{"candidateName":"Tyrone Wade","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":22363}]},"SCSJD2":{"id":"SCSJD2","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14131,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Joe Lopez","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4950},{"candidateName":"Pamela Campos","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436},{"candidateName":"Vanessa Sandoval","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2719},{"candidateName":"Babu Prasad","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3026}]},"SCSJD4":{"id":"SCSJD4","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14322,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kansen Chu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5931},{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8391}]},"SCSJD6":{"id":"SCSJD6","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":25108,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"David Cohen","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9875},{"candidateName":"Alex Shoor","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3850},{"candidateName":"Angelo \"A.J.\" Pasciuti","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2688},{"candidateName":"Michael Mulcahy","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8695}]},"SCSJD8":{"id":"SCSJD8","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 8","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":21462,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Tam Truong","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6982},{"candidateName":"Domingo Candelas","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8466},{"candidateName":"Sukhdev Singh Bainiwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5513},{"candidateName":"Surinder Kaur Dhaliwal","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":501}]},"SCSJD10":{"id":"SCSJD10","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"San José City Council, District 10","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top2","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":22799,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"George Casey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8805},{"candidateName":"Arjun Batra","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8354},{"candidateName":"Lenka Wright","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5640}]},"SCMeasureA":{"id":"SCMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed city clerk. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20315,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6580},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":13735}]},"SCMeasureB":{"id":"SCMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Santa Clara. Appointed police chief. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":20567,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5680},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":14887}]},"SCMeasureC":{"id":"SCMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Santa Clara","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Sunnyvale School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:05 PM","dateUpdated":"April 4, 2024","totalVotes":14656,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10261},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4395}]},"SolanoD15":{"id":"SolanoD15","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Department 15","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":81709,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mike Thompson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":36844},{"candidateName":"Bryan J. Kim","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":44865}]},"SolanoD1":{"id":"SolanoD1","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/supervisor-1st-district","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":13786,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Michael Wilson","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6401},{"candidateName":"Cassandra James","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7385}]},"SolanoD2":{"id":"SolanoD2","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 2","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":19903,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Monica Brown","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10951},{"candidateName":"Nora Dizon","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3135},{"candidateName":"Rochelle Sherlock","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5817}]},"SolanoD5":{"id":"SolanoD5","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":17888,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Mitch Mashburn","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11210},{"candidateName":"Chadwick J. Ledoux","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6678}]},"SolanoEducation":{"id":"SolanoEducation","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Sacramento County Board of Education","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":3650,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Heather Davis","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2960},{"candidateName":"Shazleen Khan","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":690}]},"SolanoMeasureA":{"id":"SolanoMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Benicia. Hotel tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-a","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10136,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7869},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2267}]},"SolanoMeasureB":{"id":"SolanoMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Benicia. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/solano/measure-b","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10164,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7335},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":2829}]},"SolanoMeasureC":{"id":"SolanoMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Benicia Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":10112,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6316},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3796}]},"SolanoMeasureN":{"id":"SolanoMeasureN","type":"localRace","location":"Solano","raceName":"Measure N","raceDescription":"Davis Joint Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"7:08 PM","dateUpdated":"March 28, 2024","totalVotes":15,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10}]},"SonomaJudge3":{"id":"SonomaJudge3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":115405,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Kristine M. Burk","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":79498},{"candidateName":"Beki Berrey","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":35907}]},"SonomaJudge4":{"id":"SonomaJudge4","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 4","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":86789,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Paul J. Lozada","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":86789}]},"SonomaJudge6":{"id":"SonomaJudge6","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Superior Court Judge, Office 6","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":117990,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Omar Figueroa","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":42236},{"candidateName":"Kenneth English","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":75754}]},"SonomaD1":{"id":"SonomaD1","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 1","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":30348,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Rebecca Hermosillo","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23958},{"candidateName":"Jonathan Mathieu","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":6390}]},"SonomaD3":{"id":"SonomaD3","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 3","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/supervisor-3rd-district","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":16312,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Chris Coursey","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":11346},{"candidateName":"Omar Medina","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":4966}]},"SonomaD5":{"id":"SonomaD5","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Board of Supervisors, District 5","raceDescription":"Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"top1","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":23356,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Lynda Hopkins","candidateIncumbent":true,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":23356}]},"SonomaMeasureA":{"id":"SonomaMeasureA","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure A","raceDescription":"Cotati-Rohnert Park Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":13756,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":10320},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3436}]},"SonomaMeasureB":{"id":"SonomaMeasureB","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure B","raceDescription":"Petaluma Joint Union High School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":24877,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":15795},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":9082}]},"SonomaMeasureC":{"id":"SonomaMeasureC","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure C","raceDescription":"Fort Ross School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":286,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":159},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":127}]},"SonomaMeasureD":{"id":"SonomaMeasureD","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure D","raceDescription":"Harmony Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":1925,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":1089},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":836}]},"SonomaMeasureE":{"id":"SonomaMeasureE","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure E","raceDescription":"Petaluma City (Elementary) School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":11133,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":7622},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":3511}]},"SonomaMeasureG":{"id":"SonomaMeasureG","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure G","raceDescription":"Rincon Valley Union School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.","raceReadTheStory":"","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":14577,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":8668},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":5909}]},"SonomaMeasureH":{"id":"SonomaMeasureH","type":"localRace","location":"Sonoma","raceName":"Measure H","raceDescription":"Sonoma County. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.","raceReadTheStory":"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/sonoma/measure-h","raceType":"yesNo","timeUpdated":"6:51 PM","dateUpdated":"March 29, 2024","totalVotes":145261,"candidates":[{"candidateName":"Yes","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":89646},{"candidateName":"No","candidateIncumbent":false,"candidateParty":"","voteCount":55615}]}},"radioSchedulesReducer":{},"listsReducer":{"posts/bayareabites?tag=wheat":{"isFetching":false,"latestQuery":{"from":0,"postsToRender":9},"tag":null,"vitalsOnly":true,"totalRequested":9,"isLoading":false,"isLoadingMore":false,"total":9,"items":["bayareabites_107141","bayareabites_103609","bayareabites_88067","bayareabites_72285","bayareabites_71091","bayareabites_67404","bayareabites_65674","bayareabites_37268","bayareabites_11059"]}},"recallGuideReducer":{"intros":{},"policy":{},"candidates":{}},"savedPostsReducer":{},"pfsSessionReducer":{},"siteSettingsReducer":{},"subscriptionsReducer":{},"termsReducer":{"about":{"name":"About","type":"terms","id":"about","slug":"about","link":"/about","taxonomy":"site"},"arts":{"name":"Arts & Culture","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"description":"KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.","type":"terms","id":"arts","slug":"arts","link":"/arts","taxonomy":"site"},"artschool":{"name":"Art School","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"artschool","slug":"artschool","link":"/artschool","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareabites":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"bayareabites","slug":"bayareabites","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareahiphop":{"name":"Bay Area Hiphop","type":"terms","id":"bayareahiphop","slug":"bayareahiphop","link":"/bayareahiphop","taxonomy":"site"},"campaign21":{"name":"Campaign 21","type":"terms","id":"campaign21","slug":"campaign21","link":"/campaign21","taxonomy":"site"},"checkplease":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"checkplease","slug":"checkplease","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"education":{"name":"Education","grouping":["education"],"type":"terms","id":"education","slug":"education","link":"/education","taxonomy":"site"},"elections":{"name":"Elections","type":"terms","id":"elections","slug":"elections","link":"/elections","taxonomy":"site"},"events":{"name":"Events","type":"terms","id":"events","slug":"events","link":"/events","taxonomy":"site"},"event":{"name":"Event","alias":"events","type":"terms","id":"event","slug":"event","link":"/event","taxonomy":"site"},"filmschoolshorts":{"name":"Film School Shorts","type":"terms","id":"filmschoolshorts","slug":"filmschoolshorts","link":"/filmschoolshorts","taxonomy":"site"},"food":{"name":"KQED food","grouping":["food","bayareabites","checkplease"],"type":"terms","id":"food","slug":"food","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"forum":{"name":"Forum","relatedContentQuery":"posts/forum?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"forum","slug":"forum","link":"/forum","taxonomy":"site"},"futureofyou":{"name":"Future of You","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"futureofyou","slug":"futureofyou","link":"/futureofyou","taxonomy":"site"},"jpepinheart":{"name":"KQED food","relatedContentQuery":"trending/food,bayareabites,checkplease","parent":"food","type":"terms","id":"jpepinheart","slug":"jpepinheart","link":"/food","taxonomy":"site"},"liveblog":{"name":"Live Blog","type":"terms","id":"liveblog","slug":"liveblog","link":"/liveblog","taxonomy":"site"},"livetv":{"name":"Live TV","parent":"tv","type":"terms","id":"livetv","slug":"livetv","link":"/livetv","taxonomy":"site"},"lowdown":{"name":"The Lowdown","relatedContentQuery":"posts/lowdown?","parent":"news","type":"terms","id":"lowdown","slug":"lowdown","link":"/lowdown","taxonomy":"site"},"mindshift":{"name":"Mindshift","parent":"news","description":"MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.","type":"terms","id":"mindshift","slug":"mindshift","link":"/mindshift","taxonomy":"site"},"news":{"name":"News","grouping":["news","forum"],"type":"terms","id":"news","slug":"news","link":"/news","taxonomy":"site"},"perspectives":{"name":"Perspectives","parent":"radio","type":"terms","id":"perspectives","slug":"perspectives","link":"/perspectives","taxonomy":"site"},"podcasts":{"name":"Podcasts","type":"terms","id":"podcasts","slug":"podcasts","link":"/podcasts","taxonomy":"site"},"pop":{"name":"Pop","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"pop","slug":"pop","link":"/pop","taxonomy":"site"},"pressroom":{"name":"Pressroom","type":"terms","id":"pressroom","slug":"pressroom","link":"/pressroom","taxonomy":"site"},"quest":{"name":"Quest","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"quest","slug":"quest","link":"/quest","taxonomy":"site"},"radio":{"name":"Radio","grouping":["forum","perspectives"],"description":"Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.","type":"terms","id":"radio","slug":"radio","link":"/radio","taxonomy":"site"},"root":{"name":"KQED","image":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","imageWidth":1200,"imageHeight":630,"headData":{"title":"KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California","description":"KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."},"type":"terms","id":"root","slug":"root","link":"/root","taxonomy":"site"},"science":{"name":"Science","grouping":["science","futureofyou"],"description":"KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.","type":"terms","id":"science","slug":"science","link":"/science","taxonomy":"site"},"stateofhealth":{"name":"State of Health","parent":"science","type":"terms","id":"stateofhealth","slug":"stateofhealth","link":"/stateofhealth","taxonomy":"site"},"support":{"name":"Support","type":"terms","id":"support","slug":"support","link":"/support","taxonomy":"site"},"thedolist":{"name":"The Do List","parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"thedolist","slug":"thedolist","link":"/thedolist","taxonomy":"site"},"trulyca":{"name":"Truly CA","grouping":["arts","pop","trulyca"],"parent":"arts","type":"terms","id":"trulyca","slug":"trulyca","link":"/trulyca","taxonomy":"site"},"tv":{"name":"TV","type":"terms","id":"tv","slug":"tv","link":"/tv","taxonomy":"site"},"voterguide":{"name":"Voter Guide","parent":"elections","alias":"elections","type":"terms","id":"voterguide","slug":"voterguide","link":"/voterguide","taxonomy":"site"},"bayareabites_3545":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_3545","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"3545","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"wheat","slug":"wheat","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"wheat Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null,"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","width":1200,"height":630},"twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"}},"ttid":2354,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/wheat"},"bayareabites_2090":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_2090","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"2090","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"food history and celebrities","slug":"food-history-and-celebrities","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"food history and celebrities Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1561,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/category/food-history-and-celebrities"},"bayareabites_2035":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_2035","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"2035","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"politics, activism, food safety","slug":"politics-activism-food-safety","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"politics, activism, food safety Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":943,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/category/politics-activism-food-safety"},"bayareabites_59":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_59","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"59","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"bread","slug":"bread","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"bread Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":22,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/bread"},"bayareabites_15304":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_15304","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"15304","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"wartime","slug":"wartime","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"wartime Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":99634,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/wartime"},"bayareabites_15303":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_15303","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"15303","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"World War I","slug":"world-war-i","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"World War I Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":99633,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/world-war-i"},"bayareabites_2638":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_2638","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"2638","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"DIY, foraging, urban homesteading","slug":"diy-and-urban-homesteading","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"DIY, foraging, urban homesteading Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1880,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/category/diy-and-urban-homesteading"},"bayareabites_12":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_12","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"12","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"recipes","slug":"recipes","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"recipes Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":10,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/category/recipes"},"bayareabites_987":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_987","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"987","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"DIY","slug":"diy","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"DIY Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":898,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/diy"},"bayareabites_15088":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_15088","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"15088","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"flour tortillas","slug":"flour-tortillas","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"flour tortillas Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":99418,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/flour-tortillas"},"bayareabites_758":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_758","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"758","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"mexican food","slug":"mexican-food","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"mexican food Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1868,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/mexican-food"},"bayareabites_15010":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_15010","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"15010","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"tortillas","slug":"tortillas","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"tortillas Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":99340,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/tortillas"},"bayareabites_1874":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_1874","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"1874","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"farmers and farms","slug":"farmers-farmers-markets","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"farmers and farms Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1452,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/category/farmers-farmers-markets"},"bayareabites_10028":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_10028","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"10028","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"food news","slug":"food-news","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"food news Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":8301,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/category/food-news"},"bayareabites_4084":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_4084","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"4084","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"food trends and technology","slug":"food-and-technology","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"food trends and technology Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2573,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/category/food-and-technology"},"bayareabites_10916":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_10916","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"10916","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"NPR food","slug":"npr-food","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"NPR food Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5375,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/category/npr-food"},"bayareabites_11270":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_11270","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"11270","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"dan charles","slug":"dan-charles","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"dan charles Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5729,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/dan-charles"},"bayareabites_10787":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_10787","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"10787","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"GMOs","slug":"gmos","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"GMOs Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5241,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/gmos"},"bayareabites_8913":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_8913","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"8913","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"usda","slug":"usda","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"usda Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3366,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/usda"},"bayareabites_752":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_752","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"752","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Bay Area Bites Food + Drink","slug":"food-and-drink","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Bay Area Bites Food + Drink Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/category/food-and-drink"},"bayareabites_1245":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_1245","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"1245","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"health and nutrition","slug":"health-and-nutrition","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"health and nutrition Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1078,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/category/health-and-nutrition"},"bayareabites_1246":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_1246","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"1246","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"kids and family","slug":"kids-and-family","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"kids and family Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1085,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/category/kids-and-family"},"bayareabites_1859":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_1859","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"1859","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"celiac","slug":"celiac","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"celiac Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1445,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/celiac"},"bayareabites_664":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_664","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"664","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"children","slug":"children","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"children Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":629,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/children"},"bayareabites_11132":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_11132","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"11132","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"gluten","slug":"gluten","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"gluten Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5591,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/gluten"},"bayareabites_12574":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_12574","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"12574","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"gluten intolerance","slug":"gluten-intolerance","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"gluten intolerance Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":7037,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/gluten-intolerance"},"bayareabites_138":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_138","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"138","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"gluten-free","slug":"gluten-free","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"gluten-free Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":103,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/gluten-free"},"bayareabites_8552":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_8552","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"8552","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"gluten-free pizza","slug":"gluten-free-pizza","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"gluten-free pizza Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":3005,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/gluten-free-pizza"},"bayareabites_34":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_34","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"34","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"radio","slug":"radio","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"radio Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1158,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/category/radio"},"bayareabites_10343":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_10343","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"10343","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"celiac disease","slug":"celiac-disease","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"celiac disease Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":4797,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/celiac-disease"},"bayareabites_12460":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_12460","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"12460","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"gluten sensitivity","slug":"gluten-sensitivity","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"gluten sensitivity Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":6922,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/gluten-sensitivity"},"bayareabites_12461":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_12461","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"12461","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"wheat belly","slug":"wheat-belly","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"wheat belly Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":6923,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/wheat-belly"},"bayareabites_2608":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_2608","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"2608","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"FDA","slug":"fda","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"FDA Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1862,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/fda"},"bayareabites_10802":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_10802","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"10802","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Food Labeling","slug":"food-labeling","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Food Labeling Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5256,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/food-labeling"},"bayareabites_11483":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_11483","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"11483","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"gluten intolerence","slug":"gluten-intolerence","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"gluten intolerence Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5944,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/gluten-intolerence"},"bayareabites_12161":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_12161","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"12161","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"gluten sensitvity","slug":"gluten-sensitvity","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"gluten sensitvity Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":6623,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/gluten-sensitvity"},"bayareabites_10774":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_10774","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"10774","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"labeling","slug":"labeling","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"labeling Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5228,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/labeling"},"bayareabites_10921":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_10921","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"10921","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"the salt","slug":"the-salt","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"the salt Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5380,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/the-salt"},"bayareabites_12162":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_12162","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"12162","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"wheat allergies","slug":"wheat-allergies","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"wheat allergies Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":6624,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/wheat-allergies"},"bayareabites_12029":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_12029","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"12029","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"GE crops","slug":"ge-crops","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"GE crops Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":6491,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/ge-crops"},"bayareabites_10771":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_10771","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"10771","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"GMO","slug":"gmo","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"GMO Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5225,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/gmo"},"bayareabites_10773":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_10773","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"10773","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Monsanto","slug":"monsanto","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Monsanto Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5227,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/monsanto"},"bayareabites_12030":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_12030","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"12030","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Oregon","slug":"oregon","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Oregon Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":6492,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/oregon"},"bayareabites_12031":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_12031","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"12031","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Oregon Wheat Commission","slug":"oregon-wheat-commission","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Oregon Wheat Commission Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":6493,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/oregon-wheat-commission"},"bayareabites_10776":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_10776","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"10776","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"Roundup Ready","slug":"roundup-ready","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"Roundup Ready Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":5230,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/roundup-ready"},"bayareabites_1516":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_1516","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"1516","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"baking and bakeries","slug":"baking-and-bakeries","taxonomy":"category","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"baking and bakeries Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1253,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/category/baking-and-bakeries"},"bayareabites_10062":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_10062","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"10062","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"bale grist mill","slug":"bale-grist-mill","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"bale grist mill Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":4516,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/bale-grist-mill"},"bayareabites_10061":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_10061","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"10061","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"bothe napa park","slug":"bothe-napa-park","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"bothe napa park Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":4515,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/bothe-napa-park"},"bayareabites_2155":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_2155","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"2155","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"casfs","slug":"casfs","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"casfs Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":1608,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/casfs"},"bayareabites_10060":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_10060","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"10060","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"community grains","slug":"community-grains","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"community grains Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":4514,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/community-grains"},"bayareabites_10059":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_10059","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"10059","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"mill","slug":"mill","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"mill Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":4513,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/mill"},"bayareabites_10058":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_10058","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"10058","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"milling","slug":"milling","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"milling Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":4512,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/milling"},"bayareabites_3250":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_3250","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"3250","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"multi-grain bread","slug":"multi-grain-bread","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"multi-grain bread Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2224,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/multi-grain-bread"},"bayareabites_3544":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_3544","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"3544","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"wheat berries","slug":"wheat-berries","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"wheat berries Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2353,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/wheat-berries"},"bayareabites_3546":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_3546","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"3546","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"andouille sausage","slug":"andouille-sausage","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"andouille sausage Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2355,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/andouille-sausage"},"bayareabites_4051":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_4051","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"4051","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"grains","slug":"grains","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"grains Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2553,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/grains"},"bayareabites_3547":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_3547","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"3547","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"pop corn","slug":"pop-corn","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"pop corn Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":2356,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/pop-corn"},"bayareabites_245":{"type":"terms","id":"bayareabites_245","meta":{"index":"terms_1591234321","site":"bayareabites","id":"245","found":true},"relationships":{},"included":{},"name":"whole grains","slug":"whole-grains","taxonomy":"tag","description":null,"featImg":null,"headData":{"title":"whole grains Archives | KQED Bay Area Bites","description":null,"ogTitle":null,"ogDescription":null,"ogImgId":null,"twTitle":null,"twDescription":null,"twImgId":null},"ttid":210,"isLoading":false,"link":"/bayareabites/tag/whole-grains"}},"userAgentReducer":{"userAgent":"Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)","isBot":true},"userPermissionsReducer":{"wpLoggedIn":false},"localStorageReducer":{},"browserHistoryReducer":[],"eventsReducer":{},"fssReducer":{},"tvDailyScheduleReducer":{},"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer":{},"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer":{},"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer":{},"userAccountReducer":{"routeTo":"","showDeleteConfirmModal":false,"user":{"userId":"","isFound":false,"firstName":"","lastName":"","phoneNumber":"","email":"","articles":[]}},"youthMediaReducer":{},"checkPleaseReducer":{"filterData":{},"restaurantData":[]},"reframeReducer":{"attendee":null},"location":{"pathname":"/bayareabites/tag/wheat/","previousPathname":"/"}}
