How Atomic Particles Helped Solve A Wine Fraud Mystery
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Photo: C J Walker/Courtesy of William Koch","credit":null,"description":"French physicist Philippe Hubert uses gamma rays to detect radioactivity in wine. \"In the wine is the story of the Atomic Age,\" he says.","imgSizes":{"kqedFullSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/philippe_hubert_slide-f9313655df965457a08776d5cbc4b4cf156b94fa.jpg","width":1200,"height":799}},"fetchFailed":false,"isLoading":false}},"audioPlayerReducer":{"postId":"stream_live"},"authorsReducer":{"byline_bayareabites_82781":{"type":"authors","id":"byline_bayareabites_82781","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_bayareabites_82781","name":"The Kitchen Sisters","isLoading":false},"shuna-lydon":{"type":"authors","id":"5021","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"5021","found":true},"name":"Shuna Fish Lydon","firstName":"Shuna","lastName":"Lydon","slug":"shuna-lydon","email":"shunafish.l@gmail.com","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":null,"bio":"Shuna fish Lydon was whisked and baked in San Francisco but served and eaten in New York City. She's had a 16 year tumultuous love affair with professional cooking and has BFA in photography from CCAC. \r\n\r\nWorking with and for some of the best chefs in NYC and California, \u003ca href=\"http://www.chefdb.com/nm/6272/\">Shuna's resume reads like the who's who of cooking today.\u003c/a> She identifies as a fruit-inspired pastry chef and calls the many local farmers' markets her muse.\r\n\r\nCurrently \"at large,\" Shuna spends her time teaching baking and knife skills classes, consulting at local restaurants and writing for a number of outlets about deliciousness.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1cd64875ccb5cbe84c2d67d266113439?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"bayareabites","roles":["contributor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Shuna Fish Lydon | KQED","description":null,"ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1cd64875ccb5cbe84c2d67d266113439?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1cd64875ccb5cbe84c2d67d266113439?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/shuna-lydon"}},"breakingNewsReducer":{},"campaignFinanceReducer":{},"firebase":{"requesting":{},"requested":{},"timestamps":{},"data":{},"ordered":{},"auth":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"authError":null,"profile":{"isLoaded":false,"isEmpty":true},"listeners":{"byId":{},"allIds":[]},"isInitializing":false,"errors":[]},"navBarReducer":{"navBarId":"arts","fullView":true,"showPlayer":false},"navMenuReducer":{"menus":[{"key":"menu1","items":[{"name":"News","link":"/","type":"title"},{"name":"Politics","link":"/politics"},{"name":"Science","link":"/science"},{"name":"Education","link":"/educationnews"},{"name":"Housing","link":"/housing"},{"name":"Immigration","link":"/immigration"},{"name":"Criminal Justice","link":"/criminaljustice"},{"name":"Silicon Valley","link":"/siliconvalley"},{"name":"Forum","link":"/forum"},{"name":"The California Report","link":"/californiareport"}]},{"key":"menu2","items":[{"name":"Arts & Culture","link":"/arts","type":"title"},{"name":"Critics’ Picks","link":"/thedolist"},{"name":"Cultural Commentary","link":"/artscommentary"},{"name":"Food & Drink","link":"/food"},{"name":"Bay Area Hip-Hop","link":"/bayareahiphop"},{"name":"Rebel Girls","link":"/rebelgirls"},{"name":"Arts Video","link":"/artsvideos"}]},{"key":"menu3","items":[{"name":"Podcasts","link":"/podcasts","type":"title"},{"name":"Bay Curious","link":"/podcasts/baycurious"},{"name":"Rightnowish","link":"/podcasts/rightnowish"},{"name":"The Bay","link":"/podcasts/thebay"},{"name":"On Our Watch","link":"/podcasts/onourwatch"},{"name":"Mindshift","link":"/podcasts/mindshift"},{"name":"Consider This","link":"/podcasts/considerthis"},{"name":"Political Breakdown","link":"/podcasts/politicalbreakdown"}]},{"key":"menu4","items":[{"name":"Live Radio","link":"/radio","type":"title"},{"name":"TV","link":"/tv","type":"title"},{"name":"Events","link":"/events","type":"title"},{"name":"For Educators","link":"/education","type":"title"},{"name":"Support KQED","link":"/support","type":"title"},{"name":"About","link":"/about","type":"title"},{"name":"Help Center","link":"https://kqed-helpcenter.kqed.org/s","type":"title"}]}]},"pagesReducer":{},"postsReducer":{"stream_live":{"type":"live","id":"stream_live","audioUrl":"https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio","title":"Live Stream","excerpt":"Live Stream information currently unavailable.","link":"/radio","featImg":"","label":{"name":"KQED Live","link":"/"}},"stream_kqedNewscast":{"type":"posts","id":"stream_kqedNewscast","audioUrl":"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1","title":"KQED Newscast","featImg":"","label":{"name":"88.5 FM","link":"/"}},"bayareabites_82781":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_82781","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"82781","score":null,"sort":[1401811791000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-atomic-particles-helped-solve-a-wine-fraud-mystery","title":"How Atomic Particles Helped Solve A Wine Fraud Mystery","publishDate":1401811791,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_82782\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/philippe_hubert_slide-f9313655df965457a08776d5cbc4b4cf156b94fa.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/philippe_hubert_slide-f9313655df965457a08776d5cbc4b4cf156b94fa.jpg\" alt='French physicist Philippe Hubert uses gamma rays to detect radioactivity in wine. \"In the wine is the story of the Atomic Age,\" he says. Photo: C J Walker/Courtesy of William Koch' width=\"1200\" height=\"799\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82782\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">French physicist Philippe Hubert uses gamma rays to detect radioactivity in wine. \"In the wine is the story of the Atomic Age,\" he says. Photo: C J Walker/Courtesy of William Koch\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/03/318241738/how-atomic-particles-became-the-smoking-gun-in-wine-fraud-mystery\">Morning Edition\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/06/20140603_me_how_atomic_particles_became_the_smoking_gun_in_wine_fraud_mystery.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a laboratory, deep under a mile-high stretch of the Alps on the French-Italian border, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cenbg.in2p3.fr/-La-composition-du-groupe-?lang=en\">Philippe Hubert\u003c/a>, a physicist at the University of Bordeaux, is testing the authenticity of a bottle of wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are looking for radioactivity in the wine,\" says Hubert. \"Most of the time the collectors send me bottles of wine because they want to know if it is fake or not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By taking the bottle in the hand and putting it close to a detector, Hubert records the gamma rays. The level of those gamma rays emitted can often tell him something about when the wine was bottled. For example, if it was bottled before about 1945, there shouldn't be any cesium 137 — radioactive evidence of exploded nuclear bombs and the Atomic Age — in the wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not the only way to do it. Maureen Downey, wine detective and founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.chaiconsulting.com/about-us/maureen-downey/\">Chai Consulting\u003c/a> wine appraisal and authentication in San Francisco, has a toolkit of items she uses to forensically examine bottles of wine — razor blades, magnifying glasses, jewelers loupes, flashlights, blue light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Counterfeit wines have become a much bigger problem of late,\" says Downey. \"In the last year, I myself have written reports for about $5 million worth of fakes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as fraud goes up, experts are going to greater lengths than ever before to authenticate wine — the fibers of the label paper, the tiny pits in the glass, the depth of the punt in the bottom of the bottle, all hold clues. And so do the corks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fraudsters put a lot of work into trying to make their corks look distressed,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ft.com/life-arts/jancis-robinson\">Jancis Robinson\u003c/a>, a longtime wine writer for \u003cem>The Financial Times\u003c/em>. \"It's important that the label look like it's been around the block a bit, so they might rub it with a bit of earth or coffee grounds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Uncovering The Jefferson Bottles\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are two ways to counterfeit wine,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.patrickraddenkeefe.com/bio/\">Patrick Radden Keefe\u003c/a>, a staff writer at \u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/\">The New Yorker\u003c/a>. \"You're either messing with the bottle or you're messing with the wine itself.\" He wrote a story a few years ago about one of the most intriguing fakes of all: \u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/09/03/070903fa_fact_keefe\">the Jefferson bottles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_82783\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/atomic-wine-tj-wine_custom-28dba66d3b0ff140085afd025d39bf16abaca645.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/atomic-wine-tj-wine_custom-28dba66d3b0ff140085afd025d39bf16abaca645.jpg\" alt='The \"Jefferson bottles\" that Bill Koch paid some half a million dollars for and later discovered were fakes. Photo: CJ Walker/Courtesy of William Koch' width=\"1000\" height=\"808\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82783\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The \"Jefferson bottles\" that Bill Koch paid some half a million dollars for and later discovered were fakes. Photo: CJ Walker/Courtesy of William Koch\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The saga of the Jefferson bottles begins in 1985 at a wine auction at Christie's in London where they auctioned off a bottle of 1787 Lafite, from one of the finest vineyards in France.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a very old bottle inscribed in a spindly hand with 1787, Lafite, and the letters 'Th.J,' \"\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>says Keefe. \"Christie's said that evidence suggested that this bottle came from a collection of old French wines which had belonged to Thomas Jefferson.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bottle sold for about $157,000 to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/deborahljacobs/2013/04/08/in-billionaires-legal-crusade-against-counterfeit-wine-money-is-the-least-of-it/\">Forbes family\u003c/a> — the most expensive bottle of wine ever sold at auction. Keefe says that when Malcolm Forbes was told he'd won the bid, he said, \"It's more fun than the opera glasses Lincoln was holding when he was shot. And we have those, too.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that, wine collectors began jockeying to get hold of other Jefferson bottles as they began to emerge on the market. Bill Koch, whose brothers Charles and David of Koch Industries are often referred to as the Koch brothers, is an avid collector of art, Western Americana and wine. He purchased four of the Jefferson bottles in the late 1980s for a half-million dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When people came to visit and have wine in his capacious wine cellar at his home in Palm Beach,\" says Keefe, \"Bill Koch would proudly show off his Jefferson bottles.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2005, when the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston was preparing for an exhibit of Koch's collection, it contacted the \u003ca href=\"http://www.monticello.org/site/about/thomas-jefferson-foundation\">Thomas Jefferson Foundation\u003c/a> at Monticello to verify the provenance of the wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of us at Monticello at that time were very skeptical\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>about any connection between Jefferson and these wine bottles,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.monticello.org/site/plantation-and-slavery/cinder-stanton-author-those-who-labor-my-happiness-slavery-thomas-jeffer\">Lucia (Cinder) Stanton\u003c/a>, a senior historian who has worked at Monticello for over 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jefferson was the \"leading wine connoisseur of the Republic, the presiding expert in French wine in this country,\" Stanton says. He ordered wine for George Washington, and he wrote out descriptions of the first growths and best wines in France for a number of American merchants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was also a meticulous record keeper who recorded every aspect of his life in detail. When he returned from France he had the wines he'd purchased for himself and President Washington carefully shipped to the U.S. According to his detailed books, they all arrived intact, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In his vast records of over 60,000 documents,\" says Stanton, \"there was nothing that suggested Jefferson had ever ordered any of these wines. In the so-called Jefferson bottles, there were about a dozen bottles including a 1784 and a 1787 Chateaux d'Yquem, a 1787 Lafite, a Margaux. Most of them were 1787, a vintage Jefferson never ordered in his life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Saddle Up'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Bill Koch realized that he had potentially been crossed, he contacted Jim Elroy, a former FBI agent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Elroy is a kind of a genial, bloodhound of a guy,\" says Keefe, the reporter. The ringtone on his cellphone is the whistled theme to the Clint Eastwood cowboy film, \u003cem>The Good, The Bad and the Ugly\u003c/em>. \"So Koch says to Elroy: 'Saddle up.' And Elroy did.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elroy put together a team of wine experts, including a former Scotland Yard inspector in England and a former MI5 agent in Germany, and launched an international investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I identified the perpetrator as a man named Hardy Rodenstock,\" says Elroy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_82791\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/lafite-kitchensisters.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/lafite-kitchensisters.jpg\" alt=\"Bottles of vintage wine dating back to the end of the 18th century are carefully labeled and stored in the cellars of Chateau Lafite Rothschild, Bordeaux, France. Photo: Adam Woolfitt/Corbis\" width=\"1120\" height=\"628\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82791\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bottles of vintage wine dating back to the end of the 18th century are carefully labeled and stored in the cellars of Chateau Lafite Rothschild, Bordeaux, France. Photo: Adam Woolfitt/Corbis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hardy Rodenstock was a former music publisher who managed German pop acts. He had been a fixture on the European wine scene since the 1980s. He was well-known for hosting lavish, flamboyant wine tastings inviting celebrities, dignitaries and wine critics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hardy I met quite a few times,\" says wine expert Jancis Robinson. \"Hardy supposedly found the Jefferson bottles in a bricked-up cellar in Paris, but he couldn't give anymore details. He was never specific about exactly how many bottles there were.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Cesium 137 Test \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Elroy had a hunch that the wine in the Jefferson bottles did not date back to the 18th century, but he needed a way to prove it, preferably without opening the bottle and destroying its contents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_82784\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3282px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/17532707_h5983090-07318bc3d05e76ed1b922adbfb8193327b82ff77.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/17532707_h5983090-07318bc3d05e76ed1b922adbfb8193327b82ff77.jpg\" alt=\"Herve Guegan of the Nuclear Research Centre of Bordeaux runs a test on a 1944 vintage bottle of Medoc wine. Photo: Regis Duvignau/Reuters /Landov\" width=\"3282\" height=\"2463\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82784\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Herve Guegan of the Nuclear Research Centre of Bordeaux runs a test on a 1944 vintage bottle of Medoc wine. Photo: Regis Duvignau/Reuters /Landov\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I started looking in \u003cem>Scientific American\u003c/em> magazine,\" said Elroy, \"and I found an article that Philippe Hubert, a French physicist, had written about using low-level gamma ray detection for cesium 137 to date wine. Cesium 137 did not exist on this planet until we exploded the first atomic bomb.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As physicist Philippe Hubert explains: \"The cesium radioactivity we find in the wines reflects exactly the history of the Atomic Age. It is radioactive isotope, which is not natural. It's a fission product. First you had the development of the nuclear bomb: Hiroshima, Nagasaki. Then in the '50s and '60s, the Cold War between the U.S. and Soviets, and the nuclear atmospheric tests. Then in 1986 — the Chernobyl accident, which released a lot of cesium activity into the atmosphere. And then Fukushima Daiichi in Japan — we are following that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This radioactivity is everywhere on Earth — in our food, clothing, the cells of our body. \"It is in the atmosphere,\" says Hubert. \"And then with rain this radioactivity falls on the grapes. When you make the wine, this comes into the wine and stays into the wine.\"\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Elroy was confident that this was going to be the smoking gun that would prove Rodenstock guilty of fabricating the Jefferson bottles. He personally flew to the French-Italian border where Hubert was going to do the test, carrying the Jefferson bottles in bulletproof cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By looking at the level of gamma rays emitted from a bottle of wine,\" Elroy explains, Hubert could determine when the wine was bottle. Obviously, if it was bottled before about 1945, there shouldn't be any Cesium 137 in the wine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiment took place a mile underground to shield the test from the gamma rays in the atmosphere. \"In order to shield the detector even further,\" says Elroy, \"we had to use lead that was smelted prior to 1945. In this case, it was Roman lead smelted shortly after the birth of Christ.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubert subjected the Jefferson bottles to the test. \"We don't need to open the bottles,\" says Hubert. \"The gamma rays can escape the wine and cross the thickness of the glass without any problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately,\" says Hubert, \"we could not detect any cesium inside the wine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it was certain that the wine had been bottled before the Atomic Age. But there was no way this test could prove whether or not this wine was as old as Jefferson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recipes And Dentistry Provide More Clues\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counterfeiting wine is nothing new. People have been doing it for centuries. \"Louis XIV had a royal decree that all of the wine barrels coming from the Côtes du Rhône area had to be stamped with a CDR to prove that they were Côtes du Rhône,\" says wine detective Maureen Downey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In modern times, fraudster Rudy Kurniawan, who is now in jail for creating and selling counterfeit wine, built an entire laboratory in his condo in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Kurniawan's kitchen was literally a factory for making counterfeit wine,\" says Downey, who went through the evidence with the FBI. \"He had recipes written on bottles in his kitchen. For example, his recipe for 1945 Mouton Rothschild said: one-half 1988 Pichon Melant; one-quarter oxidized Bordeaux; and one-quarter Napa Cab.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're not talking about plonk that is being put into these bottles,\" says Downey. \"These are careful recipes. I don't know if Kurniawan was a great chef or a chemist.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what about those Jefferson bottles? Bill Koch's investigators tracked down the people in Germany who had engraved the Jefferson bottles with Th.J. They used a modern dentist tool that could not possibly have existed in the time of Thomas Jefferson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One expert likens it to Abraham Lincoln holding an iPhone,\" says Downey. \"When you've got Abraham Lincoln in a photograph holding an iPhone, we've got a problem.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More From The Kitchen Sisters\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.kitchensisters.org/\">The Kitchen Sisters\u003c/a>, Davia Nelson and Nikki Silva, are Peabody Award-winning independent producers who create radio and multimedia stories for NPR and public broadcast. Their \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/series/91851784/hidden-kitchens-the-kitchen-sisters\">Hidden Kitchen\u003c/a> series travels the world, chronicling little-known kitchen rituals and traditions that explore how communities come together through food — from modern-day Sicily to medieval England, the Australian Outback to the desert oasis of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"By testing for radiation, detectives showed that wine bottles purportedly from Thomas Jefferson's collection were fake. And with wine fraud rising, authentication is getting even more sophisticated.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1409350606,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":50,"wordCount":1934},"headData":{"title":"How Atomic Particles Helped Solve A Wine Fraud Mystery | KQED","description":"By testing for radiation, detectives showed that wine bottles purportedly from Thomas Jefferson's collection were fake. And with wine fraud rising, authentication is getting even more sophisticated.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"82781 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=82781","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/06/03/how-atomic-particles-helped-solve-a-wine-fraud-mystery/","disqusTitle":"How Atomic Particles Helped Solve A Wine Fraud Mystery","nprByline":"The Kitchen Sisters","nprStoryId":"318241738","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=318241738&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/03/318241738/how-atomic-particles-became-the-smoking-gun-in-wine-fraud-mystery?ft=3&f=318241738","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 03 Jun 2014 11:46:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 03 Jun 2014 03:31:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 03 Jun 2014 11:46:42 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/06/20140603_me_how_atomic_particles_became_the_smoking_gun_in_wine_fraud_mystery.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&aggIds=91851784&ft=3&f=318241738","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1318414924-911ed8.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&aggIds=91851784&ft=3&f=318241738","path":"/bayareabites/82781/how-atomic-particles-helped-solve-a-wine-fraud-mystery","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/06/20140603_me_how_atomic_particles_became_the_smoking_gun_in_wine_fraud_mystery.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_82782\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/philippe_hubert_slide-f9313655df965457a08776d5cbc4b4cf156b94fa.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/philippe_hubert_slide-f9313655df965457a08776d5cbc4b4cf156b94fa.jpg\" alt='French physicist Philippe Hubert uses gamma rays to detect radioactivity in wine. \"In the wine is the story of the Atomic Age,\" he says. Photo: C J Walker/Courtesy of William Koch' width=\"1200\" height=\"799\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82782\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">French physicist Philippe Hubert uses gamma rays to detect radioactivity in wine. \"In the wine is the story of the Atomic Age,\" he says. Photo: C J Walker/Courtesy of William Koch\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/03/318241738/how-atomic-particles-became-the-smoking-gun-in-wine-fraud-mystery\">Morning Edition\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nhttp://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/06/20140603_me_how_atomic_particles_became_the_smoking_gun_in_wine_fraud_mystery.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a laboratory, deep under a mile-high stretch of the Alps on the French-Italian border, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cenbg.in2p3.fr/-La-composition-du-groupe-?lang=en\">Philippe Hubert\u003c/a>, a physicist at the University of Bordeaux, is testing the authenticity of a bottle of wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are looking for radioactivity in the wine,\" says Hubert. \"Most of the time the collectors send me bottles of wine because they want to know if it is fake or not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By taking the bottle in the hand and putting it close to a detector, Hubert records the gamma rays. The level of those gamma rays emitted can often tell him something about when the wine was bottled. For example, if it was bottled before about 1945, there shouldn't be any cesium 137 — radioactive evidence of exploded nuclear bombs and the Atomic Age — in the wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not the only way to do it. Maureen Downey, wine detective and founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.chaiconsulting.com/about-us/maureen-downey/\">Chai Consulting\u003c/a> wine appraisal and authentication in San Francisco, has a toolkit of items she uses to forensically examine bottles of wine — razor blades, magnifying glasses, jewelers loupes, flashlights, blue light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Counterfeit wines have become a much bigger problem of late,\" says Downey. \"In the last year, I myself have written reports for about $5 million worth of fakes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as fraud goes up, experts are going to greater lengths than ever before to authenticate wine — the fibers of the label paper, the tiny pits in the glass, the depth of the punt in the bottom of the bottle, all hold clues. And so do the corks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fraudsters put a lot of work into trying to make their corks look distressed,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ft.com/life-arts/jancis-robinson\">Jancis Robinson\u003c/a>, a longtime wine writer for \u003cem>The Financial Times\u003c/em>. \"It's important that the label look like it's been around the block a bit, so they might rub it with a bit of earth or coffee grounds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Uncovering The Jefferson Bottles\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are two ways to counterfeit wine,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.patrickraddenkeefe.com/bio/\">Patrick Radden Keefe\u003c/a>, a staff writer at \u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/\">The New Yorker\u003c/a>. \"You're either messing with the bottle or you're messing with the wine itself.\" He wrote a story a few years ago about one of the most intriguing fakes of all: \u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/09/03/070903fa_fact_keefe\">the Jefferson bottles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_82783\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/atomic-wine-tj-wine_custom-28dba66d3b0ff140085afd025d39bf16abaca645.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/atomic-wine-tj-wine_custom-28dba66d3b0ff140085afd025d39bf16abaca645.jpg\" alt='The \"Jefferson bottles\" that Bill Koch paid some half a million dollars for and later discovered were fakes. Photo: CJ Walker/Courtesy of William Koch' width=\"1000\" height=\"808\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82783\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The \"Jefferson bottles\" that Bill Koch paid some half a million dollars for and later discovered were fakes. Photo: CJ Walker/Courtesy of William Koch\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The saga of the Jefferson bottles begins in 1985 at a wine auction at Christie's in London where they auctioned off a bottle of 1787 Lafite, from one of the finest vineyards in France.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a very old bottle inscribed in a spindly hand with 1787, Lafite, and the letters 'Th.J,' \"\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>says Keefe. \"Christie's said that evidence suggested that this bottle came from a collection of old French wines which had belonged to Thomas Jefferson.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bottle sold for about $157,000 to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/deborahljacobs/2013/04/08/in-billionaires-legal-crusade-against-counterfeit-wine-money-is-the-least-of-it/\">Forbes family\u003c/a> — the most expensive bottle of wine ever sold at auction. Keefe says that when Malcolm Forbes was told he'd won the bid, he said, \"It's more fun than the opera glasses Lincoln was holding when he was shot. And we have those, too.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that, wine collectors began jockeying to get hold of other Jefferson bottles as they began to emerge on the market. Bill Koch, whose brothers Charles and David of Koch Industries are often referred to as the Koch brothers, is an avid collector of art, Western Americana and wine. He purchased four of the Jefferson bottles in the late 1980s for a half-million dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When people came to visit and have wine in his capacious wine cellar at his home in Palm Beach,\" says Keefe, \"Bill Koch would proudly show off his Jefferson bottles.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2005, when the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston was preparing for an exhibit of Koch's collection, it contacted the \u003ca href=\"http://www.monticello.org/site/about/thomas-jefferson-foundation\">Thomas Jefferson Foundation\u003c/a> at Monticello to verify the provenance of the wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of us at Monticello at that time were very skeptical\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>about any connection between Jefferson and these wine bottles,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.monticello.org/site/plantation-and-slavery/cinder-stanton-author-those-who-labor-my-happiness-slavery-thomas-jeffer\">Lucia (Cinder) Stanton\u003c/a>, a senior historian who has worked at Monticello for over 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jefferson was the \"leading wine connoisseur of the Republic, the presiding expert in French wine in this country,\" Stanton says. He ordered wine for George Washington, and he wrote out descriptions of the first growths and best wines in France for a number of American merchants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was also a meticulous record keeper who recorded every aspect of his life in detail. When he returned from France he had the wines he'd purchased for himself and President Washington carefully shipped to the U.S. According to his detailed books, they all arrived intact, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In his vast records of over 60,000 documents,\" says Stanton, \"there was nothing that suggested Jefferson had ever ordered any of these wines. In the so-called Jefferson bottles, there were about a dozen bottles including a 1784 and a 1787 Chateaux d'Yquem, a 1787 Lafite, a Margaux. Most of them were 1787, a vintage Jefferson never ordered in his life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Saddle Up'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Bill Koch realized that he had potentially been crossed, he contacted Jim Elroy, a former FBI agent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Elroy is a kind of a genial, bloodhound of a guy,\" says Keefe, the reporter. The ringtone on his cellphone is the whistled theme to the Clint Eastwood cowboy film, \u003cem>The Good, The Bad and the Ugly\u003c/em>. \"So Koch says to Elroy: 'Saddle up.' And Elroy did.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elroy put together a team of wine experts, including a former Scotland Yard inspector in England and a former MI5 agent in Germany, and launched an international investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I identified the perpetrator as a man named Hardy Rodenstock,\" says Elroy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_82791\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/lafite-kitchensisters.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/lafite-kitchensisters.jpg\" alt=\"Bottles of vintage wine dating back to the end of the 18th century are carefully labeled and stored in the cellars of Chateau Lafite Rothschild, Bordeaux, France. Photo: Adam Woolfitt/Corbis\" width=\"1120\" height=\"628\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82791\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bottles of vintage wine dating back to the end of the 18th century are carefully labeled and stored in the cellars of Chateau Lafite Rothschild, Bordeaux, France. Photo: Adam Woolfitt/Corbis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hardy Rodenstock was a former music publisher who managed German pop acts. He had been a fixture on the European wine scene since the 1980s. He was well-known for hosting lavish, flamboyant wine tastings inviting celebrities, dignitaries and wine critics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hardy I met quite a few times,\" says wine expert Jancis Robinson. \"Hardy supposedly found the Jefferson bottles in a bricked-up cellar in Paris, but he couldn't give anymore details. He was never specific about exactly how many bottles there were.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Cesium 137 Test \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Elroy had a hunch that the wine in the Jefferson bottles did not date back to the 18th century, but he needed a way to prove it, preferably without opening the bottle and destroying its contents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_82784\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3282px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/17532707_h5983090-07318bc3d05e76ed1b922adbfb8193327b82ff77.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/17532707_h5983090-07318bc3d05e76ed1b922adbfb8193327b82ff77.jpg\" alt=\"Herve Guegan of the Nuclear Research Centre of Bordeaux runs a test on a 1944 vintage bottle of Medoc wine. Photo: Regis Duvignau/Reuters /Landov\" width=\"3282\" height=\"2463\" class=\"size-full wp-image-82784\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Herve Guegan of the Nuclear Research Centre of Bordeaux runs a test on a 1944 vintage bottle of Medoc wine. Photo: Regis Duvignau/Reuters /Landov\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I started looking in \u003cem>Scientific American\u003c/em> magazine,\" said Elroy, \"and I found an article that Philippe Hubert, a French physicist, had written about using low-level gamma ray detection for cesium 137 to date wine. Cesium 137 did not exist on this planet until we exploded the first atomic bomb.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As physicist Philippe Hubert explains: \"The cesium radioactivity we find in the wines reflects exactly the history of the Atomic Age. It is radioactive isotope, which is not natural. It's a fission product. First you had the development of the nuclear bomb: Hiroshima, Nagasaki. Then in the '50s and '60s, the Cold War between the U.S. and Soviets, and the nuclear atmospheric tests. Then in 1986 — the Chernobyl accident, which released a lot of cesium activity into the atmosphere. And then Fukushima Daiichi in Japan — we are following that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This radioactivity is everywhere on Earth — in our food, clothing, the cells of our body. \"It is in the atmosphere,\" says Hubert. \"And then with rain this radioactivity falls on the grapes. When you make the wine, this comes into the wine and stays into the wine.\"\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Elroy was confident that this was going to be the smoking gun that would prove Rodenstock guilty of fabricating the Jefferson bottles. He personally flew to the French-Italian border where Hubert was going to do the test, carrying the Jefferson bottles in bulletproof cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By looking at the level of gamma rays emitted from a bottle of wine,\" Elroy explains, Hubert could determine when the wine was bottle. Obviously, if it was bottled before about 1945, there shouldn't be any Cesium 137 in the wine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiment took place a mile underground to shield the test from the gamma rays in the atmosphere. \"In order to shield the detector even further,\" says Elroy, \"we had to use lead that was smelted prior to 1945. In this case, it was Roman lead smelted shortly after the birth of Christ.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubert subjected the Jefferson bottles to the test. \"We don't need to open the bottles,\" says Hubert. \"The gamma rays can escape the wine and cross the thickness of the glass without any problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately,\" says Hubert, \"we could not detect any cesium inside the wine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it was certain that the wine had been bottled before the Atomic Age. But there was no way this test could prove whether or not this wine was as old as Jefferson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recipes And Dentistry Provide More Clues\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counterfeiting wine is nothing new. People have been doing it for centuries. \"Louis XIV had a royal decree that all of the wine barrels coming from the Côtes du Rhône area had to be stamped with a CDR to prove that they were Côtes du Rhône,\" says wine detective Maureen Downey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In modern times, fraudster Rudy Kurniawan, who is now in jail for creating and selling counterfeit wine, built an entire laboratory in his condo in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Kurniawan's kitchen was literally a factory for making counterfeit wine,\" says Downey, who went through the evidence with the FBI. \"He had recipes written on bottles in his kitchen. For example, his recipe for 1945 Mouton Rothschild said: one-half 1988 Pichon Melant; one-quarter oxidized Bordeaux; and one-quarter Napa Cab.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're not talking about plonk that is being put into these bottles,\" says Downey. \"These are careful recipes. I don't know if Kurniawan was a great chef or a chemist.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what about those Jefferson bottles? Bill Koch's investigators tracked down the people in Germany who had engraved the Jefferson bottles with Th.J. They used a modern dentist tool that could not possibly have existed in the time of Thomas Jefferson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One expert likens it to Abraham Lincoln holding an iPhone,\" says Downey. \"When you've got Abraham Lincoln in a photograph holding an iPhone, we've got a problem.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More From The Kitchen Sisters\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.kitchensisters.org/\">The Kitchen Sisters\u003c/a>, Davia Nelson and Nikki Silva, are Peabody Award-winning independent producers who create radio and multimedia stories for NPR and public broadcast. Their \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/series/91851784/hidden-kitchens-the-kitchen-sisters\">Hidden Kitchen\u003c/a> series travels the world, chronicling little-known kitchen rituals and traditions that explore how communities come together through food — from modern-day Sicily to medieval England, the Australian Outback to the desert oasis of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/82781/how-atomic-particles-helped-solve-a-wine-fraud-mystery","authors":["byline_bayareabites_82781"],"categories":["bayareabites_13306","bayareabites_2090","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_119"],"tags":["bayareabites_9326","bayareabites_9006","bayareabites_14748","bayareabites_13428"],"featImg":"bayareabites_82782","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_832":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_832","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"832","score":null,"sort":[1200002160000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"cooking-for-people-undergoing-chemo-radiation","title":"Cooking For People Undergoing Chemo & Radiation","publishDate":1200002160,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Writing about food and baking and cooking means celebrating joy. But there are many whose bodies and minds fight for and with daily sustenance. Whether it be because of one's class or struggles with weight, food can often be seen as the enemy. For an alcoholic whose disease is sparked into action by alcohol, becoming abstinent does not mean death, as it would be with food for a person with an eating disorder. Eating is something we all have to do to live, no matter what our circumstance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of years ago I was met with the challenge of cooking for someone undergoing intensive rounds of chemotherapy and radiation. \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapy\">Chemotherapy\u003c/a> is an umbrella name for hundreds, if not thousands, of combinations of specific cell-killing drugs used to attack various cancers. Every regimen, every specific \"cocktail\" of chemo, produces a whole slew of side-effects which affect people differently. Depending on any number of factors concerning the disease and its host, the specified chemotherapy treatment varies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I did not consult books when I began cooking for my friend. I consulted her because I knew what she had liked before and we worked together to make food she could eat, had an appetite for, and could keep down. Because chemotherapy is poisonous and can kill the person before eradicating the disease, it is given in rounds with various lengths of time between them. It has a cumulative effect and one can only continue the regimen if one recovers enough in that time to do it again. Because the person undergoing treatment gets weaker as time goes on, and has no idea how the side-effects will progress, it's important to go with the flow and try a number of different foods prepared all sorts of ways to see what hits the mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were a few guidelines I was following. Strong flavors such as garlic and onions, and all spicy additions were nixed, although onions cooked down very slowly until dark and caramelized became sweet enough to eat. Salt and pepper were omitted completely over time. Acidity in all forms was also left out. That meant no fruit, vinegar, black tea or coffee. Although sometimes very ripe fruit could be handled in small doses. Sugary sweetness went out the door although not-so-sweet baked goods could be enjoyed if their textures were easy to chew and swallow. Ginger was helpful in all forms because it is has anti-nausea properties, as does watermelon, which was news to me. Also watermelon is mostly water so it helped with hydration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the person you are caring for is open to using \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Support/marijuana\">marijuana to stimulate hunger or as an antiemetic\u003c/a> (a drug that prevents or reduces nausea and vomiting), there are a number of ways a person can ingest it. Doctor prescribed, or otherwise. Locally there a few people licensed to use marijuana in foods they make for people with cancer. For obvious legal reasons I cannot link to them but I found one such person and he made baked goods and confections easily ingestible by my friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My friend and I joked that it was with very bland foods she took most pleasure. A number of times internal mouth sores flared up and were so painful they made it impossible for her to want to eat anything, although cool, bland, soft foods helped soothe her. I cooked rice, vegetables, chicken, tofu in almost no oils or seasonings. Soup was always around. I made custards and brought fruit still warm from the farmers' markets. Plain yogurt garnished a lot of plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooking and baking for someone with a life-threatening illness changed my perspective about food and my profession forever. Until daily sustenance is unattainable or the enemy, it's impossible to understand what powers a simple meal holds. It is an honor to care for someone dying in this way because food is life and to give a person in constant pain one small sensual pleasure is an immeasurable gift and grace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More information can be found here at \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancerproject.org/about.php\">The Cancer Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":null,"status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1306381161,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":10,"wordCount":685},"headData":{"title":"Cooking For People Undergoing Chemo & Radiation | KQED","description":"Writing about food and baking and cooking means celebrating joy. But there are many whose bodies and minds fight for and with daily sustenance. Whether it be because of one's class or struggles with weight, food can often be seen as the enemy. For an alcoholic whose disease is sparked into action by alcohol, becoming","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"disqusIdentifier":"832 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/2008/01/10/cooking-for-people-undergoing-chemo-radiation/","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2008/01/10/cooking-for-people-undergoing-chemo-radiation/","disqusTitle":"Cooking For People Undergoing Chemo & Radiation","path":"/bayareabites/832/cooking-for-people-undergoing-chemo-radiation","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Writing about food and baking and cooking means celebrating joy. But there are many whose bodies and minds fight for and with daily sustenance. Whether it be because of one's class or struggles with weight, food can often be seen as the enemy. For an alcoholic whose disease is sparked into action by alcohol, becoming abstinent does not mean death, as it would be with food for a person with an eating disorder. Eating is something we all have to do to live, no matter what our circumstance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of years ago I was met with the challenge of cooking for someone undergoing intensive rounds of chemotherapy and radiation. \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapy\">Chemotherapy\u003c/a> is an umbrella name for hundreds, if not thousands, of combinations of specific cell-killing drugs used to attack various cancers. Every regimen, every specific \"cocktail\" of chemo, produces a whole slew of side-effects which affect people differently. Depending on any number of factors concerning the disease and its host, the specified chemotherapy treatment varies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I did not consult books when I began cooking for my friend. I consulted her because I knew what she had liked before and we worked together to make food she could eat, had an appetite for, and could keep down. Because chemotherapy is poisonous and can kill the person before eradicating the disease, it is given in rounds with various lengths of time between them. It has a cumulative effect and one can only continue the regimen if one recovers enough in that time to do it again. Because the person undergoing treatment gets weaker as time goes on, and has no idea how the side-effects will progress, it's important to go with the flow and try a number of different foods prepared all sorts of ways to see what hits the mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were a few guidelines I was following. Strong flavors such as garlic and onions, and all spicy additions were nixed, although onions cooked down very slowly until dark and caramelized became sweet enough to eat. Salt and pepper were omitted completely over time. Acidity in all forms was also left out. That meant no fruit, vinegar, black tea or coffee. Although sometimes very ripe fruit could be handled in small doses. Sugary sweetness went out the door although not-so-sweet baked goods could be enjoyed if their textures were easy to chew and swallow. Ginger was helpful in all forms because it is has anti-nausea properties, as does watermelon, which was news to me. Also watermelon is mostly water so it helped with hydration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the person you are caring for is open to using \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Support/marijuana\">marijuana to stimulate hunger or as an antiemetic\u003c/a> (a drug that prevents or reduces nausea and vomiting), there are a number of ways a person can ingest it. Doctor prescribed, or otherwise. Locally there a few people licensed to use marijuana in foods they make for people with cancer. For obvious legal reasons I cannot link to them but I found one such person and he made baked goods and confections easily ingestible by my friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My friend and I joked that it was with very bland foods she took most pleasure. A number of times internal mouth sores flared up and were so painful they made it impossible for her to want to eat anything, although cool, bland, soft foods helped soothe her. I cooked rice, vegetables, chicken, tofu in almost no oils or seasonings. Soup was always around. I made custards and brought fruit still warm from the farmers' markets. Plain yogurt garnished a lot of plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooking and baking for someone with a life-threatening illness changed my perspective about food and my profession forever. Until daily sustenance is unattainable or the enemy, it's impossible to understand what powers a simple meal holds. It is an honor to care for someone dying in this way because food is life and to give a person in constant pain one small sensual pleasure is an immeasurable gift and grace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More information can be found here at \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancerproject.org/about.php\">The Cancer Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/832/cooking-for-people-undergoing-chemo-radiation","authors":["5021"],"categories":["bayareabites_1245"],"tags":["bayareabites_635","bayareabites_9325","bayareabites_634","bayareabites_632","bayareabites_9326","bayareabites_633","bayareabites_58"],"label":"bayareabites"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2019/07/commonwealthclub.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Consider-This_3000_V3-copy-scaled-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/06/forum-logo-900x900tile-1.gif","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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