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FM","link":"/"}},"bayareabites_136564":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_136564","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"136564","score":null,"sort":[1585408281000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"essential-status-means-jobs-for-farmworkers-but-greater-virus-risk","title":"'Essential' Status Means Jobs For Farmworkers, But Greater Virus Risk","publishDate":1585408281,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Thousands of farmworkers are now carrying a new document with them on the road, in case they get stopped. Barbara Resendiz got hers last Friday, together with her paycheck. The small card explains that the Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.cisa.gov/publication/guidance-essential-critical-infrastructure-workforce\">considers\u003c/a> her job to be part of the nation's critical infrastructure and that she needs to get to work, despite California's order to shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resendiz works for Sierra Farms, a strawberry grower near Watsonville, Calif. The card recognizes something that she knows to be true, and wishes more people understood. \"What would be great would be for people to know how important we as a community are, not just when there's a state of emergency,\" she said, speaking through an interpreter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But being essential also brings danger. Staying on the job makes it more likely that the virus will spread quickly from one worker to the next — especially when workers are living in crowded temporary housing, sharing rides, and eating together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western Growers, the leading association of fruit and vegetable producers in California and Arizona, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.wga.com/sites/default/files/wg_what_to_do_if_an_EE_tests_positive_for_COVID-19_v3.pdf\">told\u003c/a> its members that farmworkers are covered by guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for \"personnel in critical/essential infrastructure positions,\" such as emergency first responders. According to that guidance, \"these personnel may be permitted to continue work following potential exposure [to the coronavirus] .... provided they remain asymptomatic.\" So if one worker tests positive for the virus, employers are not obligated to send that person's co-workers home as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='coronavirus, covid-19' label='The Latest on the Coronavirus']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few farmworkers, however, are taking matters into their own hands and refusing to work at farms where they don't feel safe. Resendiz says that she knows of one vegetable farm where \"a lot of people haven't returned to work because of the fear, because they haven't been given information.\" So many workers went missing that \"a job that should have taken a week is now delayed until further notice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to many people involved in the food industry, it is this risk — a shortage of workers — that poses COVID-19's most immediate threat to the country's supply of perishable foods. The concern focuses on labor-intensive operations like vegetable fields, meat-processing facilities, and shipping centers. Employers point out that much of this work, including work in the fields, demands a high level of skill, and experienced workers often can't be replaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest fear is of a wave of sickness among workers. \u003ca href=\"https://bfarm.com/meet-our-team\">Cannon Michael\u003c/a>, a grower in California's Central Valley, wrote in an email to NPR that \"if it gets into the farm worker population, it will spread like wildfire.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus is changing life in the fields, as farms try to keep workers safe. Workers in the strawberry fields at Sierra Farms \"are six feet apart in every single row,\" says Jacqueline Vazquez, the farm manager. \"They are washing their hands every two hours. Making sure that even during breaks and lunches, people are six feet apart. We have asked that people don't share food. That's been a big tradition in agriculture — 'I'll bring the burritos and you bring the drinks' — but for right now, we've asked that that not happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been only a few reports so far of agricultural workers getting sick with COVID-19. Sanderson Farms, a big poultry producer, \u003ca href=\"https://sandersonfarms.com/blog/sanderson-farms-confirms-employee-tested-positive-novel-coronavirus/\">announced\u003c/a> on March 23 that one worker in a processing plant in McComb, Miss., had tested positive for the virus. According to the company's statement, that person and six others who worked at the same small processing table had been \"sent home to self-quarantine with pay.\" Foster Farms, another poultry producer, took similar steps when two employees at a plant in Louisiana tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several other food companies, when asked whether any employees had tested positive for the virus, declined to provide any information. A spokesperson for Tyson, the country's biggest poultry processor, wrote in an email that \"we're not able to provide specifics about any team member's health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials are concerned that farm employees may stay on the job, despite illness, because they need the money. Up to now, farmworkers in California have been entitled to a small amount — three days — of paid sick leave each year. In many other states, workers have been entitled to no paid sick leave at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That just changed, at least temporarily. Congress has \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/pandemic/ffcra-employee-paid-leave\">passed\u003c/a> a law — which remains in effect only until the end of 2020 — that requires every employer to provide at least 80 hours of paid sick leave. It also requires employers to provide partial pay to workers who are forced to stay home because their children's schools are closed due to coronavirus concerns. The government will reimburse employers for most of this expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law, on paper, represents a dramatic one-time boost in benefits for many farmworkers. Bt Alexis Guild, director of health policy for Farmworker Justice, an advocacy group, isn't yet confident that the new law will be strictly enforced on farms. \"Workers may be worried about losing their job if they were to take sick leave, even though there are retaliation protections,\" Guild says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lupe Sandoval, managing director of the \u003ca href=\"https://calflca.org/\">California Farm Labor Contractor Association\u003c/a>, says he's \"hopeful\" that farmworkers won't get sick, but admits that there's a \"pretty good likelihood\" that the virus eventually will show up among these workers. He also says that \"we don't want workers scared to go to work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resendiz, the farmworker in Watsonville, says that employers need to provide clear and accurate information. \"If there isn't enough information, then yeah, people won't be going to work because they're afraid,\" she says. \"If your employer gives the employee the tools and supplies needed to protect themselves, I think there'll be less fear and more people at work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are taking a risk to provide the food on your table,\" she says. \"We're going to protect ourselves as much as we can. But it is a risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2020/03/27/821449729/essential-status-means-jobs-for-farmworkers-but-greater-virus-risk\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27Essential%27+Status+Means+Jobs+For+Farmworkers%2C+But+Greater+Virus+Risk&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Farmworkers are still working during the coronavirus epidemic. They're essential. But they're also at greater risk of infection.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1585408599,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":19,"wordCount":1040},"headData":{"title":"'Essential' Status Means Jobs For Farmworkers, But Greater Virus Risk | KQED","description":"Farmworkers are still working during the coronavirus epidemic. They're essential. But they're also at greater risk of infection.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"'Essential' Status Means Jobs For Farmworkers, But Greater Virus Risk","datePublished":"2020-03-28T15:11:21.000Z","dateModified":"2020-03-28T15:16:39.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"136564 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=136564","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2020/03/28/essential-status-means-jobs-for-farmworkers-but-greater-virus-risk/","disqusTitle":"'Essential' Status Means Jobs For Farmworkers, But Greater Virus Risk","nprImageCredit":"Ariana Drehsler","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprImageAgency":"AFP via Getty Images","nprStoryId":"821449729","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=821449729&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2020/03/27/821449729/essential-status-means-jobs-for-farmworkers-but-greater-virus-risk?ft=nprml&f=821449729","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 27 Mar 2020 14:37:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 27 Mar 2020 13:50:30 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 27 Mar 2020 14:37:49 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/136564/essential-status-means-jobs-for-farmworkers-but-greater-virus-risk","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Thousands of farmworkers are now carrying a new document with them on the road, in case they get stopped. Barbara Resendiz got hers last Friday, together with her paycheck. The small card explains that the Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.cisa.gov/publication/guidance-essential-critical-infrastructure-workforce\">considers\u003c/a> her job to be part of the nation's critical infrastructure and that she needs to get to work, despite California's order to shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resendiz works for Sierra Farms, a strawberry grower near Watsonville, Calif. The card recognizes something that she knows to be true, and wishes more people understood. \"What would be great would be for people to know how important we as a community are, not just when there's a state of emergency,\" she said, speaking through an interpreter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But being essential also brings danger. Staying on the job makes it more likely that the virus will spread quickly from one worker to the next — especially when workers are living in crowded temporary housing, sharing rides, and eating together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western Growers, the leading association of fruit and vegetable producers in California and Arizona, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.wga.com/sites/default/files/wg_what_to_do_if_an_EE_tests_positive_for_COVID-19_v3.pdf\">told\u003c/a> its members that farmworkers are covered by guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for \"personnel in critical/essential infrastructure positions,\" such as emergency first responders. According to that guidance, \"these personnel may be permitted to continue work following potential exposure [to the coronavirus] .... provided they remain asymptomatic.\" So if one worker tests positive for the virus, employers are not obligated to send that person's co-workers home as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"tag":"coronavirus, covid-19","label":"The Latest on the Coronavirus "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few farmworkers, however, are taking matters into their own hands and refusing to work at farms where they don't feel safe. Resendiz says that she knows of one vegetable farm where \"a lot of people haven't returned to work because of the fear, because they haven't been given information.\" So many workers went missing that \"a job that should have taken a week is now delayed until further notice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to many people involved in the food industry, it is this risk — a shortage of workers — that poses COVID-19's most immediate threat to the country's supply of perishable foods. The concern focuses on labor-intensive operations like vegetable fields, meat-processing facilities, and shipping centers. Employers point out that much of this work, including work in the fields, demands a high level of skill, and experienced workers often can't be replaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest fear is of a wave of sickness among workers. \u003ca href=\"https://bfarm.com/meet-our-team\">Cannon Michael\u003c/a>, a grower in California's Central Valley, wrote in an email to NPR that \"if it gets into the farm worker population, it will spread like wildfire.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus is changing life in the fields, as farms try to keep workers safe. Workers in the strawberry fields at Sierra Farms \"are six feet apart in every single row,\" says Jacqueline Vazquez, the farm manager. \"They are washing their hands every two hours. Making sure that even during breaks and lunches, people are six feet apart. We have asked that people don't share food. That's been a big tradition in agriculture — 'I'll bring the burritos and you bring the drinks' — but for right now, we've asked that that not happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been only a few reports so far of agricultural workers getting sick with COVID-19. Sanderson Farms, a big poultry producer, \u003ca href=\"https://sandersonfarms.com/blog/sanderson-farms-confirms-employee-tested-positive-novel-coronavirus/\">announced\u003c/a> on March 23 that one worker in a processing plant in McComb, Miss., had tested positive for the virus. According to the company's statement, that person and six others who worked at the same small processing table had been \"sent home to self-quarantine with pay.\" Foster Farms, another poultry producer, took similar steps when two employees at a plant in Louisiana tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several other food companies, when asked whether any employees had tested positive for the virus, declined to provide any information. A spokesperson for Tyson, the country's biggest poultry processor, wrote in an email that \"we're not able to provide specifics about any team member's health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials are concerned that farm employees may stay on the job, despite illness, because they need the money. Up to now, farmworkers in California have been entitled to a small amount — three days — of paid sick leave each year. In many other states, workers have been entitled to no paid sick leave at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That just changed, at least temporarily. Congress has \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/pandemic/ffcra-employee-paid-leave\">passed\u003c/a> a law — which remains in effect only until the end of 2020 — that requires every employer to provide at least 80 hours of paid sick leave. It also requires employers to provide partial pay to workers who are forced to stay home because their children's schools are closed due to coronavirus concerns. The government will reimburse employers for most of this expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law, on paper, represents a dramatic one-time boost in benefits for many farmworkers. Bt Alexis Guild, director of health policy for Farmworker Justice, an advocacy group, isn't yet confident that the new law will be strictly enforced on farms. \"Workers may be worried about losing their job if they were to take sick leave, even though there are retaliation protections,\" Guild says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lupe Sandoval, managing director of the \u003ca href=\"https://calflca.org/\">California Farm Labor Contractor Association\u003c/a>, says he's \"hopeful\" that farmworkers won't get sick, but admits that there's a \"pretty good likelihood\" that the virus eventually will show up among these workers. He also says that \"we don't want workers scared to go to work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resendiz, the farmworker in Watsonville, says that employers need to provide clear and accurate information. \"If there isn't enough information, then yeah, people won't be going to work because they're afraid,\" she says. \"If your employer gives the employee the tools and supplies needed to protect themselves, I think there'll be less fear and more people at work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are taking a risk to provide the food on your table,\" she says. \"We're going to protect ourselves as much as we can. But it is a risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2020/03/27/821449729/essential-status-means-jobs-for-farmworkers-but-greater-virus-risk\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27Essential%27+Status+Means+Jobs+For+Farmworkers%2C+But+Greater+Virus+Risk&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/136564/essential-status-means-jobs-for-farmworkers-but-greater-virus-risk","authors":["byline_bayareabites_136564"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_95","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_10916"],"tags":["bayareabites_250","bayareabites_16549","bayareabites_16545","bayareabites_1057","bayareabites_3644"],"featImg":"bayareabites_136567","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_132056":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_132056","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"132056","score":null,"sort":[1547060657000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"nobody-is-moving-our-cheese-american-surplus-reaches-record-high","title":"Nobody Is Moving Our Cheese: American Surplus Reaches Record High","publishDate":1547060657,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>It's a stinky time for the American cheese industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Americans consumed nearly 37 pounds per capita in 2017, it was not enough to reduce the country's 1.4 billion-pound cheese surplus,\u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/dairy-data/\"> according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture\u003c/a>. The glut, which at \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/6/28/17515188/us-cheese-surplus-billion-pounds\">900,000 cubic yards\u003c/a> is the largest in U.S. history, means that there is enough cheese sitting in cold storage to wrap around the U.S. Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"gOBOE3EfsFwicqJkDWFfh0KtvYl7PyU3\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stockpile started to build several years ago, in large part because the pace of milk production began to exceed the rates of consumption, says Andrew Novakovic, professor of agricultural economics at Cornell University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past 10 years, milk production has increased by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nass.usda.gov/Charts_and_Maps/Milk_Production_and_Milk_Cows/milkprod.php\">13 percent\u003c/a> because of high prices. But what dairy farmers failed to realize was that Americans are drinking less milk. According to data from the USDA, Americans drank just 149 pounds of milk per capita in 2017, down from 247 pounds in 1975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suppliers turn that extra milk into cheese because it is less perishable and stays fresh for longer periods. But Americans are turning their noses up at those processed cheese slices and string cheese — varieties that are a main driver of the U.S. cheese market — in favor of more refined options, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2019/01/08/cheese-surplus-united-states\">Novakovic tells\u003c/a> \u003cem>Here & Now's\u003c/em> Jeremy Hobson. Despite this shift, sales of mozzarella cheese, the single largest type of cheese produced and consumed in the U.S., remain strong, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What has changed — and changed fairly noticeably and fairly recently — is people are turning away from processed cheese,\" Novakovic says. \"It's also the case that we're seeing increased sales of kind of more exotic, specialty, European-style cheeses. Some of those are made in the U.S. A lot of them aren't.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Novakovic also notes that imported cheeses tend to cost more, so when people choose those, they buy less cheese overall. The growing surplus of American-made cheese and milk means that prices are declining. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/dymadvancedprices.pdf\">current average price\u003c/a> of whole milk is $15.12 per 100 pounds, which is \u003ca href=\"https://extension.psu.edu/wheres-the-variation-in-dairy-breakeven-costs\">much lower\u003c/a> than the price required for dairy farmers to break even.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's the same as it is for everything else: If you've got too much of something, the price has to go down until consumption rises,\" Novakovic says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some analysts have raised fears that U.S. trade disputes with China and Mexico could also negatively impact the dairy industry. But according to the U.S. Dairy Export Council, \u003ca href=\"https://blog.usdec.org/usdairyexporter/us-dairy-exports-on-track-for-record-year-0\">the impact of retaliatory tariffs\u003c/a> on American dairy products has been relatively small, not to mention that the U.S. exports only about 6 percent of its cheese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is to say that the price of letting pounds of cheese sit idle in cold storage comes back to dairy farmers. Since the 1970s, the industry has consolidated with more cows housed on larger farms, but now even those farms can't compete. In Wisconsin alone, hundreds of farms \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/america-cant-move-its-cheese-11545042600?mod=hp_lead_pos9&ns=prod/accounts-wsj\">closed in 2018\u003c/a>\u003cem>, The Wall Street Journal\u003c/em> reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of farmers would say, 'Well, make it stop.' But the fact of the matter is we're still pushing out a little bit more milk than we know what to do with,\" Novakovic says. \"And really, it's not a big number, but until those two numbers get reconciled, we're going to continue to see these low prices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Nobody+Is+Moving+Our+Cheese%3A+American+Surplus+Reaches+Record+High+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Americans consumed almost 37 pounds per capita in 2017, but that wasn't enough to reduce the country's 1.4 billion-pound cheese surplus. The stockpile of cheese started to build several years ago.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1547060657,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":14,"wordCount":587},"headData":{"title":"Nobody Is Moving Our Cheese: American Surplus Reaches Record High | KQED","description":"Americans consumed almost 37 pounds per capita in 2017, but that wasn't enough to reduce the country's 1.4 billion-pound cheese surplus. The stockpile of cheese started to build several years ago.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Nobody Is Moving Our Cheese: American Surplus Reaches Record High","datePublished":"2019-01-09T19:04:17.000Z","dateModified":"2019-01-09T19:04:17.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"132056 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=132056","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2019/01/09/nobody-is-moving-our-cheese-american-surplus-reaches-record-high/","disqusTitle":"Nobody Is Moving Our Cheese: American Surplus Reaches Record High","nprImageCredit":"Scott Olson","nprByline":"Samantha Raphelson, NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"Getty Images","nprStoryId":"683339929","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=683339929&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/09/683339929/nobody-is-moving-our-cheese-american-surplus-reaches-record-high?ft=nprml&f=683339929","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Wed, 09 Jan 2019 13:07:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 09 Jan 2019 05:58:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Wed, 09 Jan 2019 13:07:33 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/132056/nobody-is-moving-our-cheese-american-surplus-reaches-record-high","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's a stinky time for the American cheese industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Americans consumed nearly 37 pounds per capita in 2017, it was not enough to reduce the country's 1.4 billion-pound cheese surplus,\u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/dairy-data/\"> according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture\u003c/a>. The glut, which at \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/6/28/17515188/us-cheese-surplus-billion-pounds\">900,000 cubic yards\u003c/a> is the largest in U.S. history, means that there is enough cheese sitting in cold storage to wrap around the U.S. Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stockpile started to build several years ago, in large part because the pace of milk production began to exceed the rates of consumption, says Andrew Novakovic, professor of agricultural economics at Cornell University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past 10 years, milk production has increased by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nass.usda.gov/Charts_and_Maps/Milk_Production_and_Milk_Cows/milkprod.php\">13 percent\u003c/a> because of high prices. But what dairy farmers failed to realize was that Americans are drinking less milk. According to data from the USDA, Americans drank just 149 pounds of milk per capita in 2017, down from 247 pounds in 1975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suppliers turn that extra milk into cheese because it is less perishable and stays fresh for longer periods. But Americans are turning their noses up at those processed cheese slices and string cheese — varieties that are a main driver of the U.S. cheese market — in favor of more refined options, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2019/01/08/cheese-surplus-united-states\">Novakovic tells\u003c/a> \u003cem>Here & Now's\u003c/em> Jeremy Hobson. Despite this shift, sales of mozzarella cheese, the single largest type of cheese produced and consumed in the U.S., remain strong, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What has changed — and changed fairly noticeably and fairly recently — is people are turning away from processed cheese,\" Novakovic says. \"It's also the case that we're seeing increased sales of kind of more exotic, specialty, European-style cheeses. Some of those are made in the U.S. A lot of them aren't.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Novakovic also notes that imported cheeses tend to cost more, so when people choose those, they buy less cheese overall. The growing surplus of American-made cheese and milk means that prices are declining. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/dymadvancedprices.pdf\">current average price\u003c/a> of whole milk is $15.12 per 100 pounds, which is \u003ca href=\"https://extension.psu.edu/wheres-the-variation-in-dairy-breakeven-costs\">much lower\u003c/a> than the price required for dairy farmers to break even.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's the same as it is for everything else: If you've got too much of something, the price has to go down until consumption rises,\" Novakovic says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some analysts have raised fears that U.S. trade disputes with China and Mexico could also negatively impact the dairy industry. But according to the U.S. Dairy Export Council, \u003ca href=\"https://blog.usdec.org/usdairyexporter/us-dairy-exports-on-track-for-record-year-0\">the impact of retaliatory tariffs\u003c/a> on American dairy products has been relatively small, not to mention that the U.S. exports only about 6 percent of its cheese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is to say that the price of letting pounds of cheese sit idle in cold storage comes back to dairy farmers. Since the 1970s, the industry has consolidated with more cows housed on larger farms, but now even those farms can't compete. In Wisconsin alone, hundreds of farms \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/america-cant-move-its-cheese-11545042600?mod=hp_lead_pos9&ns=prod/accounts-wsj\">closed in 2018\u003c/a>\u003cem>, The Wall Street Journal\u003c/em> reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of farmers would say, 'Well, make it stop.' But the fact of the matter is we're still pushing out a little bit more milk than we know what to do with,\" Novakovic says. \"And really, it's not a big number, but until those two numbers get reconciled, we're going to continue to see these low prices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Nobody+Is+Moving+Our+Cheese%3A+American+Surplus+Reaches+Record+High+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/132056/nobody-is-moving-our-cheese-american-surplus-reaches-record-high","authors":["byline_bayareabites_132056"],"categories":["bayareabites_1962","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_11028","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_358"],"tags":["bayareabites_14750","bayareabites_1057","bayareabites_14775","bayareabites_16272"],"featImg":"bayareabites_132057","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_128564":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_128564","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"128564","score":null,"sort":[1527269401000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"meet-the-farmworkers-leading-the-metoo-fight-for-workers-everywhere","title":"Meet the Farmworkers Leading the #MeToo Fight for Workers Everywhere","publishDate":1527269401,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>\u003cem>“Never again will we allow ourselves to be silenced as women … We will not permit our children’s lives to be limited by the greed of others because our children deserve a better future.\u003c/em>” ~ Lupe Gonzalo, Coalition of Immokalee Workers leader, at the \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2018/03/19/floridas-farmworkers-take-their-fight-to-park-avenue/\">Time’s Up Wendy’s March\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raquel,* 12, is the daughter of tomato pickers in Immokalee, Florida. In March, she and her sister Maria* travelled to New York City with the Coalition of Immokalee Workers’ (CIW) five-day\u003ca href=\"http://www.boycott-wendys.org/why-we-fast/\"> Freedom Fast\u003c/a>, where they joined 100 farmworkers and 24 children of farmworkers in an effort to bring attention to the group’s \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2018/03/19/floridas-farmworkers-take-their-fight-to-park-avenue/\">campaign to urge Wendy’s to sign on to their Fair Food Program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group fasted on Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, sometimes chanting loudly, sometimes silently, some with their mouths covered by wide black tape. Even while hungry in the snow and rain, the fasters displayed bravery, conviction, and a grounded strength.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raquel and Maria don’t work in the fields, although they did try it out when they were eight and 10. Their father disapproved of the idea, but the girls persisted and went to harvest tomatoes one day. “I thought I would like it but after the first day, I was like ‘No. I can’t believe people are doing this,’” Raquel says. “It’s like a nightmare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the girls aren’t just disturbed by long days spent doing back-breaking labor. “Rape is one of my biggest fears,” says Raquel. “I’m haunted by the idea of it.” Maria says she is, too. And they’re not alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128568\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128568\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1.jpg\" alt=\"The 2,000-person Time’s Up Wendy’s March outside the Manhattan office of Nelson Peltz, Wendy’s board chair\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 2,000-person Time’s Up Wendy’s March outside the Manhattan office of Nelson Peltz, Wendy’s board chair \u003ccite>(Vera Liang Chang)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Sexual Violence in Agriculture\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>An estimated\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/rape-in-the-fields/\"> 500,000 women labor in U.S. fields\u003c/a>. On many of the farms where Raquel’s parents worked up and down the East Coast, farmworkers describe coercion, catcalls, groping, and assault from crew leaders, supervisors, and even fellow workers as their “\u003ca href=\"http://ciw-online.org/blog/2017/10/letter-farmworker-women-to-wendys-ceo/\">daily bread\u003c/a>” in the fields. A\u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1077801209360857\"> study \u003c/a>found that four out of five female farmworkers experience sexual violence at work. Women are often dependent on male supervisors for employment, housing, and transportation. Claims against harassers are largely processed by male managers, police officers, and judges, and retaliation for complaints is the norm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Isolating physically and socially, the informal work environment of commercial agriculture on many farms creates a “hustle culture” that threatens workers’ immediate safety and long-term health. In crop work, for example, portable toilets are often placed far from the fields, a tactic that keeps them from taking breaks, said Nely Rodriguez, a CIW leader. Workers must obtain permission to use the bathroom, which creates uncomfortable situations as women find themselves alone with crew leaders. “It’s easy for unwanted things to happen between the rows. You’re in their territory, so it’s easy for them to find and entrap you. I saw this in my own case,” Rodriguez says, who felt corralled because her former boss carried a pistol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advent of CIW’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.fairfoodprogram.org/\">Fair Food Program\u003c/a> has changed that culture significantly; alongside the #MeToo and \u003ca href=\"https://www.timesupnow.com/\">Time’s Up\u003c/a> movements, the Fair Food Program is sparking change for workers and women in many industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIW has sought to secure workers’ rights through the legal system and individual compensation. “We tried that first,” CIW leader Cruz Salucio explained during a workshop that he conducted with Silvia Perez on the Park Avenue sidewalk during the picket. “There were just [a small number of labor] inspectors in Florida monitoring the fields. They let farms know when they’d be visiting, so growers cleaned up the bathrooms and lunch areas before they came. Women didn’t feel comfortable raising problems with the monitors.” Salucio expressed similar concerns about corporate social responsibility programs that can fail to monitor and enforce standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Freedom Fast called on Wendy’s—which has gone to great lengths to avoid signing on to the Fair Food Program, including \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2016/03/17/tomato-workers-call-for-wendys-boycott-after-the-chain-shifts-its-sourcing-to-mexico/\">shifting their supply chain to Mexico\u003c/a>—to join farmworkers who have improved working conditions and wages in Florida’s $650 million tomato industry and in seven other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vision of this immigrant worker-led human rights organization—to create a world without victims—also seeks to eradicate gender-based violence in U.S. agriculture and other industries throughout the world. Its Fair Food Program has been hailed in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s\u003ca href=\"https://onlabor.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/report.pdf\"> Select Task Force on the Study of Harassment in the Workplace\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Fair Food Program: Protecting Women Farmworkers\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The program is also the first full-functioning example of a new model for protecting human rights for low-wage workers, dubbed “worker-driven social responsibility” (or “WSR” to distinguish it from the long-established practice of corporate social responsibility, “CSR”). CIW’s initiative was \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2014/01/17/labor-takes-historic-stride-forward-as-walmart-joins-fair-food-program/\">recognized by the United Nations Working Group on Business and Human Rights\u003c/a> for its “smart mix” of tools, and received a 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2015/01/29/combating-human-trafficking-supply-chains\">Presidential Medal\u003c/a> from President Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WSR approach is distinguished from CSR by the fact that its design emerges from the very community most affected by the exploitation it was created to prevent and extinguish. In Immokalee’s case, the Fair Food Program was built by and for workers like Rodriguez, Salucio, and Perez. This is important not so much for ideological as for practical reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-program-protest-2-700x870.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-128567\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-program-protest-2-700x870.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"870\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-program-protest-2-700x870.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-program-protest-2-700x870-160x199.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-program-protest-2-700x870-240x298.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-program-protest-2-700x870-375x466.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-program-protest-2-700x870-520x646.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003c/a>“The myriad ways in which perpetrators can be abusive is spectacularly creative—if you stop abuse in one place it pops up in another,” said Cathy Albisa, director of the\u003ca href=\"https://www.nesri.org/about/staff\"> National Economic & Social Rights Initiative\u003c/a>, which houses a growing \u003ca href=\"https://wsr-network.org/\">WSR Network\u003c/a>, a coalition of worker and human rights organizations. “Only the worker knows all the different ways this happens and how to design a program that stops it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite its goal of ending sexual harassment, the Fair Food Program was not designed as a sexual harassment program. “While counterintuitive, you can’t end gender-based violence by working directly on gender-based violence,” Albisa explained. “You can only end gender-based violence by working on structural issues that enable it, and those also shape the wider array of abuses affecting the whole community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By rectifying long-standing power imbalances, WSR drills into the foundation of the problem, addressing multiple abuses simultaneously. No gender-based violence programs have achieved the same amount of leverage in fostering change, noted Albisa, who has been working in women’s and social justice movements for the past two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A central mechanism of WSR is the enforcement of its standards through the application of strict market consequences for the most egregious human rights violations. In the case of the Fair Food Program, “zero tolerance” for abuses like slavery and sexual assault is backed up by a system of enforcement. Since the program was launched in 2011, seven growers were suspended for violations, 12 supervisors were terminated for sexual harassment, and 36 supervisors were disciplined for sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Cruz Salucio explained, “It’s like we have a basket of apples, and we keep on removing the bad ones,” so the culture of worker health and safety keeps getting stronger. Credible threats of lost employment and business are potent incentives for industry-wide compliance that can lead to structural change. Disciplinary actions, supervisor re-training, and effective human resources stop the recurrence of violence, according to the\u003ca href=\"http://www.fairfoodstandards.org/\"> Fair Food Standards Council\u003c/a>, the program’s third-party monitoring body led by a former New York State Supreme Court Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://fairfoodstandards.org/2017-annual-report.pdf\">Grievance data\u003c/a> on farms participating in the program reveal that, although the number of complaints has not gone down since the beginning of the program, the severity of complaints has lessened. Fair Food Standards Council investigators say that in the last eight years, they have received and investigated over 2,000 worker complaints and that the program has brought an end to impunity for discrimination and other forms of gender-based violence on participating farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their just-released \u003ca href=\"http://www.fairfoodstandards.org/reports/\">report\u003c/a> indicates that there have been no reported cases of rape and attempted rape since the 2011 season, when the program was put in place, and cases of sexual harassment with physical contact by supervisors have been virtually eliminated (only one such case has been reported since 2013). Spending time with workers during Fair Food Standards Council audits reveals their confidence and eloquence as they speak to issues that concern them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>WSR in Other Industries\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The Fair Food Program is not only improving the lives of farmworkers in Florida; it’s also serving as a blueprint for change in other industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vermont’s\u003ca href=\"https://migrantjustice.net/\"> Migrant Justice\u003c/a>, a worker-led human rights organization, \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2017/10/04/ben-jerrys-pledges-to-protect-dairy-workers-rights/\">recently launched\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://milkwithdignity.org/\"> Milk with Dignity\u003c/a>, the program’s first major adaptation, and the group is already working with its first corporate partner, global ice cream maker Ben & Jerry’s. Migrant Justice’s history offers insight into the shift from traditional legal and corporate social responsibility approaches to the WSR regulatory model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Migrant Justice was founded in response to the \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2015/05/11/will-ben-and-jerrys-help-improve-conditions-for-dairy-workers/\">workplace death of a 20-year old dairy worker in 2009\u003c/a>, it started with \u003cem>Teleayuda,\u003c/em> a phone help line. Worker calls about abuse resulted in cumbersome processes with such obstacles as a lack of direct service providers, interpreters, farm access, and leverage with managers. Migrant Justice organizer Marita Canedo described the prior dynamic: “If something happens to you at work, call us and we can \u003cem>maybe\u003c/em> do something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now,” she continues, “if there’s harassment or any kind of violence, workers can call the Milk with Dignity hotline, a Milk with Dignity Standards Council investigator will answer the phone in a language they understand and address the problem immediately. There are systems in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128566\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128566\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1.jpg\" alt=\"A look inside of a Vermont dairy barn.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A look inside of a Vermont dairy barn. \u003ccite>(Vera Liang Chang)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Migrant Justice staffers report that the working conditions in Vermont’s dairy industry are rapidly improving. With Milk with Dignity, it will be safer for women to be on farms, so the organization brought on more women field organizers to educate and raise awareness about sexual violence. “I can feel the change in attitude and responses of women to abuses. It’s a new day. It’s really amazing,” added Canedo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the heels of Migrant Justice’s WSR launch,\u003ca href=\"http://modelalliance.org/\"> Model Alliance\u003c/a>—an advocacy organization focused on combating sexual assault of the fashion industry—is consulting with CIW and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.workersrights.org/\">Worker Rights Consortium\u003c/a> in the development of a \u003ca href=\"http://modelalliance.org/conde-nast-announces-code-of-conduct\">code of conduct and enforcement regime\u003c/a> based on the Fair Food Program. Though farm laborers and fashion models have very different work environments, women’s experiences of sexual misconduct are similar across industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unlike farmworkers, fashion models are highly visible, and while their job appears to be glamorous, the reality of models’ working lives can be far from it,” Model Alliance’s Executive Director Sara Ziff told Civil Eats. Working models experience chronic harassment, pressures to sacrifice their health to be thin, and lack of financial transparency and timely pay. In some cases, models are children working in debt to agencies. “Without clear penalties for violations and proper complaint and enforcement mechanisms, [efforts] fall short of protecting the people who are vulnerable to abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Echoing CIW leaders’ worries, Ziff observes that neither legal protections nor companies’ internal policies introduced in the wake of the #MeToo and Time’s Up movements have proven adequate to prevent assault. Model Alliance is turning to WSR as a model because of its legally binding commitments, education on rights and responsibilities, and productive complaint channels.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>After the Freedom Fast\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Despite the Fair Food Program’s proven track record for eliminating human rights violations in Florida’s tomato industry and the growing support and praise for the WSR model, Wendy’s board chairman Nelson Peltz refused to meet with CIW leaders during the five-day Freedom Fast. Peltz allowed his security guards to accept only two armfuls of petitions, a fraction of the 103,000 total. (CIW’s change.org \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/wendy-s-we-re-boycotting-you-until-you-support-human-rights-for-farmworkers-boycottwendys\">petition\u003c/a> now has over 117,000 signatures.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huddled against the cold in parkas and ponchos, Raquel was adamant about what brought her to the Freedom Fast. “My hope for women is that one day they will be able to find their voices, like us,” she said, “and take off the tape that’s preventing them from speaking… about the nightmare they’re going through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>* The names of these girls have been changed to protect their privacy.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2018/05/21/meet-the-farmworkers-leading-the-metoo-fight-for-workers-everywhere/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Civil Eats\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"From farmworkers to fashion models, worker-led social responsibility sets out to protect basic human rights.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1546974973,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":34,"wordCount":2234},"headData":{"title":"Meet the Farmworkers Leading the #MeToo Fight for Workers Everywhere | KQED","description":"From farmworkers to fashion models, worker-led social responsibility sets out to protect basic human rights.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Meet the Farmworkers Leading the #MeToo Fight for Workers Everywhere","datePublished":"2018-05-25T17:30:01.000Z","dateModified":"2019-01-08T19:16:13.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"128564 https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=128564","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2018/05/25/meet-the-farmworkers-leading-the-metoo-fight-for-workers-everywhere/","disqusTitle":"Meet the Farmworkers Leading the #MeToo Fight for Workers Everywhere","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/author/vliangchang/\">Vera Liang Chang,\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2018/05/21/meet-the-farmworkers-leading-the-metoo-fight-for-workers-everywhere/\"> Civil Eats\u003c/a>","path":"/bayareabites/128564/meet-the-farmworkers-leading-the-metoo-fight-for-workers-everywhere","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>“Never again will we allow ourselves to be silenced as women … We will not permit our children’s lives to be limited by the greed of others because our children deserve a better future.\u003c/em>” ~ Lupe Gonzalo, Coalition of Immokalee Workers leader, at the \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2018/03/19/floridas-farmworkers-take-their-fight-to-park-avenue/\">Time’s Up Wendy’s March\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raquel,* 12, is the daughter of tomato pickers in Immokalee, Florida. In March, she and her sister Maria* travelled to New York City with the Coalition of Immokalee Workers’ (CIW) five-day\u003ca href=\"http://www.boycott-wendys.org/why-we-fast/\"> Freedom Fast\u003c/a>, where they joined 100 farmworkers and 24 children of farmworkers in an effort to bring attention to the group’s \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2018/03/19/floridas-farmworkers-take-their-fight-to-park-avenue/\">campaign to urge Wendy’s to sign on to their Fair Food Program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group fasted on Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, sometimes chanting loudly, sometimes silently, some with their mouths covered by wide black tape. Even while hungry in the snow and rain, the fasters displayed bravery, conviction, and a grounded strength.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raquel and Maria don’t work in the fields, although they did try it out when they were eight and 10. Their father disapproved of the idea, but the girls persisted and went to harvest tomatoes one day. “I thought I would like it but after the first day, I was like ‘No. I can’t believe people are doing this,’” Raquel says. “It’s like a nightmare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the girls aren’t just disturbed by long days spent doing back-breaking labor. “Rape is one of my biggest fears,” says Raquel. “I’m haunted by the idea of it.” Maria says she is, too. And they’re not alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128568\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128568\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1.jpg\" alt=\"The 2,000-person Time’s Up Wendy’s March outside the Manhattan office of Nelson Peltz, Wendy’s board chair\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-project-protest1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 2,000-person Time’s Up Wendy’s March outside the Manhattan office of Nelson Peltz, Wendy’s board chair \u003ccite>(Vera Liang Chang)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Sexual Violence in Agriculture\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>An estimated\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/rape-in-the-fields/\"> 500,000 women labor in U.S. fields\u003c/a>. On many of the farms where Raquel’s parents worked up and down the East Coast, farmworkers describe coercion, catcalls, groping, and assault from crew leaders, supervisors, and even fellow workers as their “\u003ca href=\"http://ciw-online.org/blog/2017/10/letter-farmworker-women-to-wendys-ceo/\">daily bread\u003c/a>” in the fields. A\u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1077801209360857\"> study \u003c/a>found that four out of five female farmworkers experience sexual violence at work. Women are often dependent on male supervisors for employment, housing, and transportation. Claims against harassers are largely processed by male managers, police officers, and judges, and retaliation for complaints is the norm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Isolating physically and socially, the informal work environment of commercial agriculture on many farms creates a “hustle culture” that threatens workers’ immediate safety and long-term health. In crop work, for example, portable toilets are often placed far from the fields, a tactic that keeps them from taking breaks, said Nely Rodriguez, a CIW leader. Workers must obtain permission to use the bathroom, which creates uncomfortable situations as women find themselves alone with crew leaders. “It’s easy for unwanted things to happen between the rows. You’re in their territory, so it’s easy for them to find and entrap you. I saw this in my own case,” Rodriguez says, who felt corralled because her former boss carried a pistol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advent of CIW’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.fairfoodprogram.org/\">Fair Food Program\u003c/a> has changed that culture significantly; alongside the #MeToo and \u003ca href=\"https://www.timesupnow.com/\">Time’s Up\u003c/a> movements, the Fair Food Program is sparking change for workers and women in many industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIW has sought to secure workers’ rights through the legal system and individual compensation. “We tried that first,” CIW leader Cruz Salucio explained during a workshop that he conducted with Silvia Perez on the Park Avenue sidewalk during the picket. “There were just [a small number of labor] inspectors in Florida monitoring the fields. They let farms know when they’d be visiting, so growers cleaned up the bathrooms and lunch areas before they came. Women didn’t feel comfortable raising problems with the monitors.” Salucio expressed similar concerns about corporate social responsibility programs that can fail to monitor and enforce standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Freedom Fast called on Wendy’s—which has gone to great lengths to avoid signing on to the Fair Food Program, including \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2016/03/17/tomato-workers-call-for-wendys-boycott-after-the-chain-shifts-its-sourcing-to-mexico/\">shifting their supply chain to Mexico\u003c/a>—to join farmworkers who have improved working conditions and wages in Florida’s $650 million tomato industry and in seven other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vision of this immigrant worker-led human rights organization—to create a world without victims—also seeks to eradicate gender-based violence in U.S. agriculture and other industries throughout the world. Its Fair Food Program has been hailed in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s\u003ca href=\"https://onlabor.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/report.pdf\"> Select Task Force on the Study of Harassment in the Workplace\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Fair Food Program: Protecting Women Farmworkers\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The program is also the first full-functioning example of a new model for protecting human rights for low-wage workers, dubbed “worker-driven social responsibility” (or “WSR” to distinguish it from the long-established practice of corporate social responsibility, “CSR”). CIW’s initiative was \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2014/01/17/labor-takes-historic-stride-forward-as-walmart-joins-fair-food-program/\">recognized by the United Nations Working Group on Business and Human Rights\u003c/a> for its “smart mix” of tools, and received a 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2015/01/29/combating-human-trafficking-supply-chains\">Presidential Medal\u003c/a> from President Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WSR approach is distinguished from CSR by the fact that its design emerges from the very community most affected by the exploitation it was created to prevent and extinguish. In Immokalee’s case, the Fair Food Program was built by and for workers like Rodriguez, Salucio, and Perez. This is important not so much for ideological as for practical reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-program-protest-2-700x870.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-128567\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-program-protest-2-700x870.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"870\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-program-protest-2-700x870.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-program-protest-2-700x870-160x199.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-program-protest-2-700x870-240x298.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-program-protest-2-700x870-375x466.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-program-protest-2-700x870-520x646.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003c/a>“The myriad ways in which perpetrators can be abusive is spectacularly creative—if you stop abuse in one place it pops up in another,” said Cathy Albisa, director of the\u003ca href=\"https://www.nesri.org/about/staff\"> National Economic & Social Rights Initiative\u003c/a>, which houses a growing \u003ca href=\"https://wsr-network.org/\">WSR Network\u003c/a>, a coalition of worker and human rights organizations. “Only the worker knows all the different ways this happens and how to design a program that stops it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite its goal of ending sexual harassment, the Fair Food Program was not designed as a sexual harassment program. “While counterintuitive, you can’t end gender-based violence by working directly on gender-based violence,” Albisa explained. “You can only end gender-based violence by working on structural issues that enable it, and those also shape the wider array of abuses affecting the whole community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By rectifying long-standing power imbalances, WSR drills into the foundation of the problem, addressing multiple abuses simultaneously. No gender-based violence programs have achieved the same amount of leverage in fostering change, noted Albisa, who has been working in women’s and social justice movements for the past two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A central mechanism of WSR is the enforcement of its standards through the application of strict market consequences for the most egregious human rights violations. In the case of the Fair Food Program, “zero tolerance” for abuses like slavery and sexual assault is backed up by a system of enforcement. Since the program was launched in 2011, seven growers were suspended for violations, 12 supervisors were terminated for sexual harassment, and 36 supervisors were disciplined for sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Cruz Salucio explained, “It’s like we have a basket of apples, and we keep on removing the bad ones,” so the culture of worker health and safety keeps getting stronger. Credible threats of lost employment and business are potent incentives for industry-wide compliance that can lead to structural change. Disciplinary actions, supervisor re-training, and effective human resources stop the recurrence of violence, according to the\u003ca href=\"http://www.fairfoodstandards.org/\"> Fair Food Standards Council\u003c/a>, the program’s third-party monitoring body led by a former New York State Supreme Court Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://fairfoodstandards.org/2017-annual-report.pdf\">Grievance data\u003c/a> on farms participating in the program reveal that, although the number of complaints has not gone down since the beginning of the program, the severity of complaints has lessened. Fair Food Standards Council investigators say that in the last eight years, they have received and investigated over 2,000 worker complaints and that the program has brought an end to impunity for discrimination and other forms of gender-based violence on participating farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their just-released \u003ca href=\"http://www.fairfoodstandards.org/reports/\">report\u003c/a> indicates that there have been no reported cases of rape and attempted rape since the 2011 season, when the program was put in place, and cases of sexual harassment with physical contact by supervisors have been virtually eliminated (only one such case has been reported since 2013). Spending time with workers during Fair Food Standards Council audits reveals their confidence and eloquence as they speak to issues that concern them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>WSR in Other Industries\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The Fair Food Program is not only improving the lives of farmworkers in Florida; it’s also serving as a blueprint for change in other industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vermont’s\u003ca href=\"https://migrantjustice.net/\"> Migrant Justice\u003c/a>, a worker-led human rights organization, \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2017/10/04/ben-jerrys-pledges-to-protect-dairy-workers-rights/\">recently launched\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://milkwithdignity.org/\"> Milk with Dignity\u003c/a>, the program’s first major adaptation, and the group is already working with its first corporate partner, global ice cream maker Ben & Jerry’s. Migrant Justice’s history offers insight into the shift from traditional legal and corporate social responsibility approaches to the WSR regulatory model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Migrant Justice was founded in response to the \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2015/05/11/will-ben-and-jerrys-help-improve-conditions-for-dairy-workers/\">workplace death of a 20-year old dairy worker in 2009\u003c/a>, it started with \u003cem>Teleayuda,\u003c/em> a phone help line. Worker calls about abuse resulted in cumbersome processes with such obstacles as a lack of direct service providers, interpreters, farm access, and leverage with managers. Migrant Justice organizer Marita Canedo described the prior dynamic: “If something happens to you at work, call us and we can \u003cem>maybe\u003c/em> do something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now,” she continues, “if there’s harassment or any kind of violence, workers can call the Milk with Dignity hotline, a Milk with Dignity Standards Council investigator will answer the phone in a language they understand and address the problem immediately. There are systems in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128566\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128566\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1.jpg\" alt=\"A look inside of a Vermont dairy barn.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2018/05/180521-fair-food-farmer-dairy-worker1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A look inside of a Vermont dairy barn. \u003ccite>(Vera Liang Chang)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Migrant Justice staffers report that the working conditions in Vermont’s dairy industry are rapidly improving. With Milk with Dignity, it will be safer for women to be on farms, so the organization brought on more women field organizers to educate and raise awareness about sexual violence. “I can feel the change in attitude and responses of women to abuses. It’s a new day. It’s really amazing,” added Canedo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the heels of Migrant Justice’s WSR launch,\u003ca href=\"http://modelalliance.org/\"> Model Alliance\u003c/a>—an advocacy organization focused on combating sexual assault of the fashion industry—is consulting with CIW and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.workersrights.org/\">Worker Rights Consortium\u003c/a> in the development of a \u003ca href=\"http://modelalliance.org/conde-nast-announces-code-of-conduct\">code of conduct and enforcement regime\u003c/a> based on the Fair Food Program. Though farm laborers and fashion models have very different work environments, women’s experiences of sexual misconduct are similar across industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unlike farmworkers, fashion models are highly visible, and while their job appears to be glamorous, the reality of models’ working lives can be far from it,” Model Alliance’s Executive Director Sara Ziff told Civil Eats. Working models experience chronic harassment, pressures to sacrifice their health to be thin, and lack of financial transparency and timely pay. In some cases, models are children working in debt to agencies. “Without clear penalties for violations and proper complaint and enforcement mechanisms, [efforts] fall short of protecting the people who are vulnerable to abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Echoing CIW leaders’ worries, Ziff observes that neither legal protections nor companies’ internal policies introduced in the wake of the #MeToo and Time’s Up movements have proven adequate to prevent assault. Model Alliance is turning to WSR as a model because of its legally binding commitments, education on rights and responsibilities, and productive complaint channels.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>After the Freedom Fast\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Despite the Fair Food Program’s proven track record for eliminating human rights violations in Florida’s tomato industry and the growing support and praise for the WSR model, Wendy’s board chairman Nelson Peltz refused to meet with CIW leaders during the five-day Freedom Fast. Peltz allowed his security guards to accept only two armfuls of petitions, a fraction of the 103,000 total. (CIW’s change.org \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/wendy-s-we-re-boycotting-you-until-you-support-human-rights-for-farmworkers-boycottwendys\">petition\u003c/a> now has over 117,000 signatures.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huddled against the cold in parkas and ponchos, Raquel was adamant about what brought her to the Freedom Fast. “My hope for women is that one day they will be able to find their voices, like us,” she said, “and take off the tape that’s preventing them from speaking… about the nightmare they’re going through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>* The names of these girls have been changed to protect their privacy.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"https://civileats.com/2018/05/21/meet-the-farmworkers-leading-the-metoo-fight-for-workers-everywhere/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Civil Eats\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/128564/meet-the-farmworkers-leading-the-metoo-fight-for-workers-everywhere","authors":["byline_bayareabites_128564"],"categories":["bayareabites_13718","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_16263","bayareabites_1057","bayareabites_14775"],"featImg":"bayareabites_128569","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_110781":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_110781","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"110781","score":null,"sort":[1468619244000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"inside-the-lives-of-farmworkers-top-5-lessons-i-learned-on-the-ground","title":"Inside The Lives Of Farmworkers: Top 5 Lessons I Learned On The Ground","publishDate":1468619244,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Most of us — and by \"us,\" I mean urban and suburban consumers like me — don't usually get to meet the people who pick our apples, oranges or strawberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So about a year ago, I decided to launch a series of stories about the people who harvest some of America's iconic seasonal foods. Many of these workers move from place to place, following the seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I visited workers who were harvesting \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/23/448579214/inside-the-life-of-an-apple-picker\">apples\u003c/a> in Pennsylvania, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/24/457203127/behind-your-holiday-sweet-potato-dish-hard-work-in-the-fields\">sweet potatoes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/07/13/484015376/for-pickers-blueberries-mean-easier-labor-but-more-upheaval\">blueberries\u003c/a> in North Carolina, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/28/464453958/guest-workers-legal-yet-not-quite-free-pick-floridas-oranges\">oranges\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/21/470424834/in-florida-strawberry-fields-are-not-forever\">strawberries\u003c/a> in Florida. In each place, I also talked to farmers who own those crops and hire the workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I set a couple of rules for myself. I wouldn't contact workers through their employers, and I would not use them simply as stage props in stories about current political debates — such as the arguments over immigration, or pesticides, or minimum-wage rules. These were supposed to be stories about people and places, not government policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I got a lot of help from several groups that provide services to farmworkers and their families: \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecmhsp.org/\">East Coast Migrant Head Start Project\u003c/a>; \u003ca href=\"https://www.rcma.org/index.html\">Redlands Christian Migrant Association\u003c/a>; and \u003ca href=\"http://www.frls.org/\">Florida Rural Legal Services\u003c/a>. People at these organizations put me in touch with farmworker families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what did I learn? Here's a short list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. It's a hard life, but there's more to it than hardship.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no question that the life of a farmworker is tough — especially those who migrate from place to place, following the harvest. They move from one temporary home to another, carrying everything they own with them. The work is physically exhausting, poorly paid, and on top of that, it's completely uncertain. At any moment, workers can be told that they're not needed anymore. More than one farm employer has told me, \"Nobody wants their child to be a farmworker.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of that is particularly surprising. It fits with a familiar image of farmworkers that goes back at least to \u003cem>The Grapes of Wrath.\u003c/em> What did surprise me was how many of them told me that they enjoyed the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apple orchard is \"a free environment,\" Jose Martinez told me. \"You can express yourself, you can say anything you want.\" Several farmworkers told me that they were proud of their ability to do this work. They were good at it, and they knew it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. The big difficulty is not so much low wages — it's sporadic work.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworkers typically get paid by the pound, and the hourly wage, when they're working, sometimes isn't too shabby. Workers harvesting apples and blueberries, in particular, told me that when they were working fast and the trees or bushes were full of fruit, they could earn more than $20 an hour. As any freelancer or independent contractor knows, though, it's the time when you're not working that kills you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I visited Nabor Segundo and his wife, Rosalia Morales, they hadn't been able to harvest sweet potatoes on that day because it was raining and the ground was too wet. So they didn't get paid for that day. There can be days or entire weeks without work, when one crop is finished and the next one isn't yet ready for harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many farmworkers, a guarantee of steady work in one place could be more attractive than a small boost in their pay per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. The shortage of farmworkers is real.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fruit and vegetable farmers across the country are complaining about a growing shortage of farm laborers. The shortage is largely due to a slowdown in immigration from Mexico. From time to time, there are predictions of disaster, with crops rotting in the fields because there aren't enough people to harvest them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, this should force employers to compete for scarce workers, perhaps by offering higher wages. In fact, farm wages are rising in some places, though not dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers often argue that they can't afford to pay their workers more because they're competing against vegetable growers abroad, for instance in Mexico. They say that the U.S. has a choice: It can either import more farmworkers, keeping wages here low, or it will end up importing food from low-wage Mexican farms instead. So these farmers have been pushing for a new \"guest worker\" program that would allow them to bring in additional foreign workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on my conversations with workers, the choice is not quite that stark. Farmers are able to compete for workers, and some already are doing so. Workers told me about apple and strawberry growers who were known for paying well, providing good housing, and treating their workers fairly. Those farmers had little problem finding enough workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip Martin, an economist at the University of California, Davis, who's spent his professional life studying farm labor markets, says employers are adapting to the worker shortage in four different ways: offering incentives to workers and treating them better; bringing in technologies (like conveyor belts in the fields) that allow fewer workers to do the same amount of work; replacing workers with machines; and bringing in foreign workers using special visas, called H-2A visas, that are available for seasonal farm labor. The number of these \"guest workers\" has been increasing sharply in recent years. Martin estimates that they now account for 10 percent of \"long-season jobs on crop farms.\" They represent the majority of workers in Florida's citrus groves and North Carolina's sweet potato fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. That elephant sitting in the corner is legal status, aka \"papers.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These stories were about food and the people who harvest it, not immigration policy. I didn't generally ask these workers whether they were in the country legally — just as I don't generally ask scientists or corporate executives about their immigration status when I interview them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many listeners and readers, though, this was the most important question. They filled the comments sections on these stories with commentary about U.S. immigration policies and debated whether those workers — whom they assumed were in the U.S. illegally — should be here at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it's an important question for those workers, too. It came up repeatedly in our conversations, unprompted, because it affects their ability to find housing, education and work. They mentioned the fear of getting stopped by police, because some workers don't have a driver's license. (In most states, you can't get a driver's license if you don't have the legal right to be in the country.) A few workers didn't want me to mention their full names. Some workers noted that their children are citizens, while they aren't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it's pretty obvious, once you start spending time in the fields, that much of the American food system rests on a tacit agreement to disregard the law. Workers present Social Security cards that are not their own. Employers accept those cards while assuming that some of those documents are not valid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's one category of worker that's often held up as an above-board alternative. These are the \"guest workers\" who are in the country temporarily on H-2A visas. Yet I realized, when I actually visited farms that employed those workers, that some of those farms also are disregarding immigration rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before arranging the visas for H-2A workers, employers are supposed to advertise those jobs and offer them to any domestic American workers who are willing to take them. In reality, some farms now rely almost completely on H-2A workers, and they don't appear to be trying very hard to hire anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. There are fewer families on the move.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some of the Head Start centers that I visited, the number of migrant children enrolled has been declining. It's a sign that the lives of farmworkers are evolving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a regular survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Labor, the percentage of farmworkers who were \"settled\" in one community has been rising steadily in recent years, reaching 78 percent in 2012. That's up from 42 percent in 1998, when there was a surge of \"newcomers\" who had recently entered the country from Mexico. The percentage of farmworkers in this \"newcomer\" category has fallen from 20 percent in 2000 to just 2 percent in 2012. There's no longer a stream of new workers arriving from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Martin, the increasingly settled farmworker population is part of the reason why farms in some areas are having a hard time finding workers: Those workers aren't willing to make the trip anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, it's a positive trend. Farmworkers are settling into communities and establishing local connections. They're less likely to be hidden away in isolated \"work camps\" in far corners of orchards and fields. Bit by bit, those workers are coming out of the shadows of the American food economy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Most of us don't usually get to meet the people who pick our apples, oranges or other seasonal favorites. What are their lives and work like? Dan Charles has spent the past year finding out.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1468619244,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":35,"wordCount":1517},"headData":{"title":"Inside The Lives Of Farmworkers: Top 5 Lessons I Learned On The Ground | KQED","description":"Most of us don't usually get to meet the people who pick our apples, oranges or other seasonal favorites. What are their lives and work like? Dan Charles has spent the past year finding out.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Inside The Lives Of Farmworkers: Top 5 Lessons I Learned On The Ground","datePublished":"2016-07-15T21:47:24.000Z","dateModified":"2016-07-15T21:47:24.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"110781 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=110781","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2016/07/15/inside-the-lives-of-farmworkers-top-5-lessons-i-learned-on-the-ground/","disqusTitle":"Inside The Lives Of Farmworkers: Top 5 Lessons I Learned On The Ground","nprImageCredit":"Dan Charles","nprByline":"Dan Charles, NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"NPR","nprStoryId":"484967591","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=484967591&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/07/15/484967591/inside-the-lives-of-farmworkers-top-5-lessons-i-learned-on-the-ground?ft=nprml&f=484967591","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 15 Jul 2016 16:37:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 15 Jul 2016 14:59:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 15 Jul 2016 16:37:37 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/110781/inside-the-lives-of-farmworkers-top-5-lessons-i-learned-on-the-ground","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Most of us — and by \"us,\" I mean urban and suburban consumers like me — don't usually get to meet the people who pick our apples, oranges or strawberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So about a year ago, I decided to launch a series of stories about the people who harvest some of America's iconic seasonal foods. Many of these workers move from place to place, following the seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I visited workers who were harvesting \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/23/448579214/inside-the-life-of-an-apple-picker\">apples\u003c/a> in Pennsylvania, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/24/457203127/behind-your-holiday-sweet-potato-dish-hard-work-in-the-fields\">sweet potatoes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/07/13/484015376/for-pickers-blueberries-mean-easier-labor-but-more-upheaval\">blueberries\u003c/a> in North Carolina, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/28/464453958/guest-workers-legal-yet-not-quite-free-pick-floridas-oranges\">oranges\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/21/470424834/in-florida-strawberry-fields-are-not-forever\">strawberries\u003c/a> in Florida. In each place, I also talked to farmers who own those crops and hire the workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I set a couple of rules for myself. I wouldn't contact workers through their employers, and I would not use them simply as stage props in stories about current political debates — such as the arguments over immigration, or pesticides, or minimum-wage rules. These were supposed to be stories about people and places, not government policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I got a lot of help from several groups that provide services to farmworkers and their families: \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecmhsp.org/\">East Coast Migrant Head Start Project\u003c/a>; \u003ca href=\"https://www.rcma.org/index.html\">Redlands Christian Migrant Association\u003c/a>; and \u003ca href=\"http://www.frls.org/\">Florida Rural Legal Services\u003c/a>. People at these organizations put me in touch with farmworker families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what did I learn? Here's a short list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. It's a hard life, but there's more to it than hardship.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no question that the life of a farmworker is tough — especially those who migrate from place to place, following the harvest. They move from one temporary home to another, carrying everything they own with them. The work is physically exhausting, poorly paid, and on top of that, it's completely uncertain. At any moment, workers can be told that they're not needed anymore. More than one farm employer has told me, \"Nobody wants their child to be a farmworker.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of that is particularly surprising. It fits with a familiar image of farmworkers that goes back at least to \u003cem>The Grapes of Wrath.\u003c/em> What did surprise me was how many of them told me that they enjoyed the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apple orchard is \"a free environment,\" Jose Martinez told me. \"You can express yourself, you can say anything you want.\" Several farmworkers told me that they were proud of their ability to do this work. They were good at it, and they knew it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. The big difficulty is not so much low wages — it's sporadic work.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworkers typically get paid by the pound, and the hourly wage, when they're working, sometimes isn't too shabby. Workers harvesting apples and blueberries, in particular, told me that when they were working fast and the trees or bushes were full of fruit, they could earn more than $20 an hour. As any freelancer or independent contractor knows, though, it's the time when you're not working that kills you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I visited Nabor Segundo and his wife, Rosalia Morales, they hadn't been able to harvest sweet potatoes on that day because it was raining and the ground was too wet. So they didn't get paid for that day. There can be days or entire weeks without work, when one crop is finished and the next one isn't yet ready for harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many farmworkers, a guarantee of steady work in one place could be more attractive than a small boost in their pay per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. The shortage of farmworkers is real.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fruit and vegetable farmers across the country are complaining about a growing shortage of farm laborers. The shortage is largely due to a slowdown in immigration from Mexico. From time to time, there are predictions of disaster, with crops rotting in the fields because there aren't enough people to harvest them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, this should force employers to compete for scarce workers, perhaps by offering higher wages. In fact, farm wages are rising in some places, though not dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers often argue that they can't afford to pay their workers more because they're competing against vegetable growers abroad, for instance in Mexico. They say that the U.S. has a choice: It can either import more farmworkers, keeping wages here low, or it will end up importing food from low-wage Mexican farms instead. So these farmers have been pushing for a new \"guest worker\" program that would allow them to bring in additional foreign workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on my conversations with workers, the choice is not quite that stark. Farmers are able to compete for workers, and some already are doing so. Workers told me about apple and strawberry growers who were known for paying well, providing good housing, and treating their workers fairly. Those farmers had little problem finding enough workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philip Martin, an economist at the University of California, Davis, who's spent his professional life studying farm labor markets, says employers are adapting to the worker shortage in four different ways: offering incentives to workers and treating them better; bringing in technologies (like conveyor belts in the fields) that allow fewer workers to do the same amount of work; replacing workers with machines; and bringing in foreign workers using special visas, called H-2A visas, that are available for seasonal farm labor. The number of these \"guest workers\" has been increasing sharply in recent years. Martin estimates that they now account for 10 percent of \"long-season jobs on crop farms.\" They represent the majority of workers in Florida's citrus groves and North Carolina's sweet potato fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. That elephant sitting in the corner is legal status, aka \"papers.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These stories were about food and the people who harvest it, not immigration policy. I didn't generally ask these workers whether they were in the country legally — just as I don't generally ask scientists or corporate executives about their immigration status when I interview them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many listeners and readers, though, this was the most important question. They filled the comments sections on these stories with commentary about U.S. immigration policies and debated whether those workers — whom they assumed were in the U.S. illegally — should be here at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it's an important question for those workers, too. It came up repeatedly in our conversations, unprompted, because it affects their ability to find housing, education and work. They mentioned the fear of getting stopped by police, because some workers don't have a driver's license. (In most states, you can't get a driver's license if you don't have the legal right to be in the country.) A few workers didn't want me to mention their full names. Some workers noted that their children are citizens, while they aren't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it's pretty obvious, once you start spending time in the fields, that much of the American food system rests on a tacit agreement to disregard the law. Workers present Social Security cards that are not their own. Employers accept those cards while assuming that some of those documents are not valid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's one category of worker that's often held up as an above-board alternative. These are the \"guest workers\" who are in the country temporarily on H-2A visas. Yet I realized, when I actually visited farms that employed those workers, that some of those farms also are disregarding immigration rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before arranging the visas for H-2A workers, employers are supposed to advertise those jobs and offer them to any domestic American workers who are willing to take them. In reality, some farms now rely almost completely on H-2A workers, and they don't appear to be trying very hard to hire anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. There are fewer families on the move.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some of the Head Start centers that I visited, the number of migrant children enrolled has been declining. It's a sign that the lives of farmworkers are evolving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a regular survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Labor, the percentage of farmworkers who were \"settled\" in one community has been rising steadily in recent years, reaching 78 percent in 2012. That's up from 42 percent in 1998, when there was a surge of \"newcomers\" who had recently entered the country from Mexico. The percentage of farmworkers in this \"newcomer\" category has fallen from 20 percent in 2000 to just 2 percent in 2012. There's no longer a stream of new workers arriving from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Martin, the increasingly settled farmworker population is part of the reason why farms in some areas are having a hard time finding workers: Those workers aren't willing to make the trip anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, it's a positive trend. Farmworkers are settling into communities and establishing local connections. They're less likely to be hidden away in isolated \"work camps\" in far corners of orchards and fields. Bit by bit, those workers are coming out of the shadows of the American food economy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/110781/inside-the-lives-of-farmworkers-top-5-lessons-i-learned-on-the-ground","authors":["byline_bayareabites_110781"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874"],"tags":["bayareabites_134","bayareabites_2143","bayareabites_1057","bayareabites_3644","bayareabites_14177"],"featImg":"bayareabites_110782","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_104680":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_104680","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"104680","score":null,"sort":[1449934242000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"antibiotic-use-on-farms-is-up-despite-promises-to-kick-the-drugs","title":"Antibiotic Use On Farms Is Up, Despite Promises To Kick The Drugs","publishDate":1449934242,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>If you go by their declarations and promises, meat producers are drastically cutting back on the use of antibiotics to treat their poultry, pigs and cattle. Over the past year, one big food company after another has announced plans to stop using these drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you go by the government's data on drugs sold to livestock producers, it's a different story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Food and Drug Administration, which compiles \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ForIndustry/UserFees/AnimalDrugUserFeeActADUFA/UCM476258.pdf\">these numbers\u003c/a>, sales of antibiotics for use on the farm increased in 2014, just as they had for most years before that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And most alarming to public health advocates, sales of antibiotics important in human medicine went up three percent from 2013 to 2014, the FDA found. That's just slightly less than the five-year trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to treating sick animals, meat producers use antibiotics to prevent disease and also to get animals to grow faster. The FDA has taken steps to stop the use of these drugs for growth promotion purposes by the end of 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA, and a lot of scientists and health advocates, are concerned that the livestock industry's excessive use of antibiotics will raise the risk that bacteria will become resistant to these drugs, and bacteria carrying those resistance genes could then infect people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing pressure from consumers around this issue has prompted several Big Food companies to pledge to reduce their reliance on antibiotics or announce reductions they've already made. Among them are the giant agribusinesses \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/04/28/402736017/tyson-foods-to-stop-giving-chickens-human-used-antibiotics\">Tyson Foods\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/09/03/345315380/perdue-says-its-hatching-chicks-are-off-antibiotics\">Perdue Farms\u003c/a> and Foster Farms and restaurant chains like McDonalds, Chick-fil-A and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/20/450314991/subway-joins-the-fast-food-antibiotic-free-meat-club\">Subway\u003c/a>. Many of those companies made commitments in 2015, so reductions in antibiotic use by their suppliers may not be reflected in the latest FDA data from 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in previous years, a class of older antibiotics called tetracyclines dominated the statistics on antibiotic use. Tetracyclines accounted for 70 percent of all \"medically important\" antibiotics used in animal agriculture. Tetracyclines are no longer considered first-line drugs in human medicine. But sales of other classes of antibiotics, including widely used human drugs such as cephalosporins and macrolides, also increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health groups that have demanded the industry to curb antibiotic use say the latest data confirms that more regulation is still needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no indication that FDA's change in policy has yet resulted in any meaningful reductions on antibiotic sales and usage in food animal production,\" Susan Vaughn Grooters, a policy analyst for \u003ca href=\"http://www.keepantibioticsworking.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Keep Antibiotics Working\u003c/a>, a coalition of advocacy groups, said in a \u003ca href=\"http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5519650ce4b01b71131cb5f9/t/566a54cdc21b86abf16e79e0/1449809101600/KAW+ADUFA+Statement_12.10.15.pdf\">statement\u003c/a>. \"As the coalition has been saying for years, FDA must set clear targets for the reduction in antibiotic use. Otherwise, industry will continue to conduct business as usual, while the crisis of resistance continues to loom large and consumers pay the price.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nCopyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Producers of poultry, cattle and pigs continue to use more antibiotics, according to the latest government data. That's despite more pledges from food companies to sell meat raised without the drugs.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1449934242,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":13,"wordCount":469},"headData":{"title":"Antibiotic Use On Farms Is Up, Despite Promises To Kick The Drugs | KQED","description":"Producers of poultry, cattle and pigs continue to use more antibiotics, according to the latest government data. That's despite more pledges from food companies to sell meat raised without the drugs.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Antibiotic Use On Farms Is Up, Despite Promises To Kick The Drugs","datePublished":"2015-12-12T15:30:42.000Z","dateModified":"2015-12-12T15:30:42.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"104680 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=104680","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/12/12/antibiotic-use-on-farms-is-up-despite-promises-to-kick-the-drugs/","disqusTitle":"Antibiotic Use On Farms Is Up, Despite Promises To Kick The Drugs","source":"Food Safety","sourceUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/category/politics-activism-food-safety/","nprByline":"Dan Charles, NPR Food","nprImageAgency":"Rich Pedroncelli/AP","nprStoryId":"459274335","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=459274335&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/12/11/459274335/antibiotic-use-on-farms-is-up-despite-promises-to-kick-the-drugs?ft=nprml&f=459274335","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Fri, 11 Dec 2015 11:32:00 -0500","nprStoryDate":"Fri, 11 Dec 2015 11:31:00 -0500","nprLastModifiedDate":"Fri, 11 Dec 2015 11:32:04 -0500","path":"/bayareabites/104680/antibiotic-use-on-farms-is-up-despite-promises-to-kick-the-drugs","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you go by their declarations and promises, meat producers are drastically cutting back on the use of antibiotics to treat their poultry, pigs and cattle. Over the past year, one big food company after another has announced plans to stop using these drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you go by the government's data on drugs sold to livestock producers, it's a different story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Food and Drug Administration, which compiles \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ForIndustry/UserFees/AnimalDrugUserFeeActADUFA/UCM476258.pdf\">these numbers\u003c/a>, sales of antibiotics for use on the farm increased in 2014, just as they had for most years before that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And most alarming to public health advocates, sales of antibiotics important in human medicine went up three percent from 2013 to 2014, the FDA found. That's just slightly less than the five-year trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to treating sick animals, meat producers use antibiotics to prevent disease and also to get animals to grow faster. The FDA has taken steps to stop the use of these drugs for growth promotion purposes by the end of 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA, and a lot of scientists and health advocates, are concerned that the livestock industry's excessive use of antibiotics will raise the risk that bacteria will become resistant to these drugs, and bacteria carrying those resistance genes could then infect people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing pressure from consumers around this issue has prompted several Big Food companies to pledge to reduce their reliance on antibiotics or announce reductions they've already made. Among them are the giant agribusinesses \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/04/28/402736017/tyson-foods-to-stop-giving-chickens-human-used-antibiotics\">Tyson Foods\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/09/03/345315380/perdue-says-its-hatching-chicks-are-off-antibiotics\">Perdue Farms\u003c/a> and Foster Farms and restaurant chains like McDonalds, Chick-fil-A and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/10/20/450314991/subway-joins-the-fast-food-antibiotic-free-meat-club\">Subway\u003c/a>. Many of those companies made commitments in 2015, so reductions in antibiotic use by their suppliers may not be reflected in the latest FDA data from 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in previous years, a class of older antibiotics called tetracyclines dominated the statistics on antibiotic use. Tetracyclines accounted for 70 percent of all \"medically important\" antibiotics used in animal agriculture. Tetracyclines are no longer considered first-line drugs in human medicine. But sales of other classes of antibiotics, including widely used human drugs such as cephalosporins and macrolides, also increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health groups that have demanded the industry to curb antibiotic use say the latest data confirms that more regulation is still needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no indication that FDA's change in policy has yet resulted in any meaningful reductions on antibiotic sales and usage in food animal production,\" Susan Vaughn Grooters, a policy analyst for \u003ca href=\"http://www.keepantibioticsworking.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Keep Antibiotics Working\u003c/a>, a coalition of advocacy groups, said in a \u003ca href=\"http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5519650ce4b01b71131cb5f9/t/566a54cdc21b86abf16e79e0/1449809101600/KAW+ADUFA+Statement_12.10.15.pdf\">statement\u003c/a>. \"As the coalition has been saying for years, FDA must set clear targets for the reduction in antibiotic use. Otherwise, industry will continue to conduct business as usual, while the crisis of resistance continues to loom large and consumers pay the price.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nCopyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/104680/antibiotic-use-on-farms-is-up-despite-promises-to-kick-the-drugs","authors":["byline_bayareabites_104680"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_10028","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_12288","bayareabites_11521","bayareabites_1057","bayareabites_2608"],"featImg":"bayareabites_104681","label":"source_bayareabites_104680"},"bayareabites_97497":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_97497","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"97497","score":null,"sort":[1435614545000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"how-buying-smaller-fruit-could-save-californias-drought-stricken-family-farms","title":"How Buying Smaller Fruit Could Save California’s Drought-Stricken Family Farms","publishDate":1435614545,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cp>Second-generation organic peach grower David “Mas” Masumoto describes the difference between a farming disaster and a crisis this way: A disaster is when he harvests nothing, while a crisis is when he’s not making any money. Four years into California’s worst drought in history, and like many West Coast farmers, he’s in crisis mode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To conserve, Masumoto gave his peach trees between 20 and 30 percent less water, yielding a fruit Mas calls “very small” but “great tasting”—the Gold Dust Peach. Now, the fruit isn’t selling. Even at Berkeley Bowl, a popular supermarket in food-progressive Berkeley, shoppers just aren’t reaching for the smaller peach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s worse: composting the peaches back into the soil or knowing they are sitting in a store and no one wants to buy them?” laments his daughter, Nikiko Masumoto, 29. “This is happening right now. It’s heartbreaking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is especially bad news for the 60-acre, 47-year-old \u003ca href=\"http://www.masumoto.com/\">family farm\u003c/a>, because the Masumotos see the smaller fruit as the product of a long-term philosophical shift rather than just a short-term way to ride out the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masumoto Family Farm sits on the Kings River watershed and has historically drawn its irrigation water from two sources: “ditch water” that originates as snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada mountain range upstream, and water pumped from the ground. Despite relying on the Kings River for a “significant amount” of the water they use to irrigate, the Masumotos have had no ditch water for the last two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97500\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/06/back-Mas-Marcy-front-Korio-Nikiko-Masumoto-e1434931649140.jpg\" alt=\"The Masumoto family before the drought.\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-97500\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/06/back-Mas-Marcy-front-Korio-Nikiko-Masumoto-e1434931649140.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/06/back-Mas-Marcy-front-Korio-Nikiko-Masumoto-e1434931649140-400x601.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/06/back-Mas-Marcy-front-Korio-Nikiko-Masumoto-e1434931649140-800x1202.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/06/back-Mas-Marcy-front-Korio-Nikiko-Masumoto-e1434931649140-1180x1773.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/06/back-Mas-Marcy-front-Korio-Nikiko-Masumoto-e1434931649140-960x1442.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Masumoto family before the drought. \u003ccite>(Masumoto Family Farm)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition to the challenges presented by decreased water availability and mandatory \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/13/us/california-announces-restrictions-on-water-use-by-farmers.html?_r=0\">restrictions\u003c/a>, the last few winters have been historically warm. Peach and other stone fruit trees require “chill hours”—exposure to sub-45 degree temperatures—for maximum health and a larger yield. The past two winters have been the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-warm-winter-weather-20150220-story.html\">warmest on record for California\u003c/a>, leaving some varieties of the typically resilient peach at 10 percent of their typical size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Informed by researchers from Stanford University \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/2014/september/drought-climate-change-092914.html\">who say\u003c/a> climate change will likely result in even more drought and warmer winters, the Masumotos are adapting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last year or two made us very aware of how we have to change some of our practices, and really this question of sustainability—the way we were farming, believing that water was an unlimited resource, and how incorrect that was,” Mas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many growers facing such a shortage invest money in high-tech equipment or dig even deeper wells—a practice that is \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2015/06/california-sinking-drought-ground-water\">causing the entire state of California to sink\u003c/a>. Most farmers adjust their irrigation levels accordingly, says Dr. Ken Shackel, a professor in plant/water relations at UC Davis. But no one knows for sure just how much water will be necessary in the coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it going to be worth continuing to grow peaches if I have to spend $10,000 or $50,000 to buy a pump or make my well deeper?” he asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of using technology to draw more water from a diminished supply to maintain the size of their peaches, the Masumotos are embracing the smaller fruit. In fact, after tasting the sweetness and juiciness of his smaller Gold Dusts, Mas actually wondered whether he’d been overwatering his peaches for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had these peaches that were small, but had this wonderful, concentrated taste,” he adds. “It made us think—maybe this is the natural state of most fruit. Why are we chasing the bigger fruit? Because of the market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, the future of Masumoto Family Farm may be determined by whether consumers will rally around a smaller, but just-as-tasty peach—a result that is very much in question at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lifetime of conditioning says we’re going to reach for the most perfect looking produce and leave the uglier, smaller, less perfect produce behind,” says Ron Clark, whose new business \u003ca href=\"http://www.imperfectproduce.com/home.php\">Imperfect Produce\u003c/a> will promote and sell “ugly” produce directly to consumers at 30 percent less than market prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the American consumer who bears the choice and has the power to enforce changes in the system,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inspired by the ugly fruit campaigns, the Masumotos are using slogans like “small is delicious, too” and hope to see the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=%23SmallFruitRevolution&src=typd\" target=\"_blank\">#SmallFruitRevolution\u003c/a> go viral. They’re reaching out to their customers on social media and starting a candid conversation about their challenges and opportunities. Response within their circle of supporters have been overwhelmingly positive: A recent Facebook post urging them to “eat small fruit” was the farm’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/MasumotoFamilyFarm/photos/a.278027245641818.58679.182605525183991/739216532856218/?type=1&theater\">most popular post ever\u003c/a>, eliciting dozens of comments and shares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If their grassroots campaign doesn’t work? Nikiko says she’d consider ditching peaches altogether for drought resistant crops like olives or figs—but only if all else fails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be hard to imagine,” says Nikiko, who just celebrated her fourth year working full-time on the family farm. “I literally have peach tattoos on my body. It would be a real loss.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Inspired by the ugly fruit campaigns, the Masumotos are using slogans like “small is delicious, too” and hope to see the hashtag #SmallFruitRevolution go viral. ","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1546975053,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":908},"headData":{"title":"How Buying Smaller Fruit Could Save California’s Drought-Stricken Family Farms | KQED","description":"Inspired by the ugly fruit campaigns, the Masumotos are using slogans like “small is delicious, too” and hope to see the hashtag #SmallFruitRevolution go viral. ","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"How Buying Smaller Fruit Could Save California’s Drought-Stricken Family Farms","datePublished":"2015-06-29T21:49:05.000Z","dateModified":"2019-01-08T19:17:33.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"97497 http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=97497","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2015/06/29/how-buying-smaller-fruit-could-save-californias-drought-stricken-family-farms/","disqusTitle":"How Buying Smaller Fruit Could Save California’s Drought-Stricken Family Farms","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"http://civileats.com/author/sholt/\">Steve Holt\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/author/civileat/\">Civil Eats\u003c/a>","path":"/bayareabites/97497/how-buying-smaller-fruit-could-save-californias-drought-stricken-family-farms","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Second-generation organic peach grower David “Mas” Masumoto describes the difference between a farming disaster and a crisis this way: A disaster is when he harvests nothing, while a crisis is when he’s not making any money. Four years into California’s worst drought in history, and like many West Coast farmers, he’s in crisis mode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To conserve, Masumoto gave his peach trees between 20 and 30 percent less water, yielding a fruit Mas calls “very small” but “great tasting”—the Gold Dust Peach. Now, the fruit isn’t selling. Even at Berkeley Bowl, a popular supermarket in food-progressive Berkeley, shoppers just aren’t reaching for the smaller peach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s worse: composting the peaches back into the soil or knowing they are sitting in a store and no one wants to buy them?” laments his daughter, Nikiko Masumoto, 29. “This is happening right now. It’s heartbreaking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is especially bad news for the 60-acre, 47-year-old \u003ca href=\"http://www.masumoto.com/\">family farm\u003c/a>, because the Masumotos see the smaller fruit as the product of a long-term philosophical shift rather than just a short-term way to ride out the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masumoto Family Farm sits on the Kings River watershed and has historically drawn its irrigation water from two sources: “ditch water” that originates as snowmelt from the Sierra Nevada mountain range upstream, and water pumped from the ground. Despite relying on the Kings River for a “significant amount” of the water they use to irrigate, the Masumotos have had no ditch water for the last two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97500\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2015/06/back-Mas-Marcy-front-Korio-Nikiko-Masumoto-e1434931649140.jpg\" alt=\"The Masumoto family before the drought.\" width=\"500\" class=\"size-full wp-image-97500\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/06/back-Mas-Marcy-front-Korio-Nikiko-Masumoto-e1434931649140.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/06/back-Mas-Marcy-front-Korio-Nikiko-Masumoto-e1434931649140-400x601.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/06/back-Mas-Marcy-front-Korio-Nikiko-Masumoto-e1434931649140-800x1202.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/06/back-Mas-Marcy-front-Korio-Nikiko-Masumoto-e1434931649140-1180x1773.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2015/06/back-Mas-Marcy-front-Korio-Nikiko-Masumoto-e1434931649140-960x1442.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Masumoto family before the drought. \u003ccite>(Masumoto Family Farm)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition to the challenges presented by decreased water availability and mandatory \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/13/us/california-announces-restrictions-on-water-use-by-farmers.html?_r=0\">restrictions\u003c/a>, the last few winters have been historically warm. Peach and other stone fruit trees require “chill hours”—exposure to sub-45 degree temperatures—for maximum health and a larger yield. The past two winters have been the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-warm-winter-weather-20150220-story.html\">warmest on record for California\u003c/a>, leaving some varieties of the typically resilient peach at 10 percent of their typical size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Informed by researchers from Stanford University \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/2014/september/drought-climate-change-092914.html\">who say\u003c/a> climate change will likely result in even more drought and warmer winters, the Masumotos are adapting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last year or two made us very aware of how we have to change some of our practices, and really this question of sustainability—the way we were farming, believing that water was an unlimited resource, and how incorrect that was,” Mas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many growers facing such a shortage invest money in high-tech equipment or dig even deeper wells—a practice that is \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2015/06/california-sinking-drought-ground-water\">causing the entire state of California to sink\u003c/a>. Most farmers adjust their irrigation levels accordingly, says Dr. Ken Shackel, a professor in plant/water relations at UC Davis. But no one knows for sure just how much water will be necessary in the coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it going to be worth continuing to grow peaches if I have to spend $10,000 or $50,000 to buy a pump or make my well deeper?” he asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of using technology to draw more water from a diminished supply to maintain the size of their peaches, the Masumotos are embracing the smaller fruit. In fact, after tasting the sweetness and juiciness of his smaller Gold Dusts, Mas actually wondered whether he’d been overwatering his peaches for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had these peaches that were small, but had this wonderful, concentrated taste,” he adds. “It made us think—maybe this is the natural state of most fruit. Why are we chasing the bigger fruit? Because of the market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, the future of Masumoto Family Farm may be determined by whether consumers will rally around a smaller, but just-as-tasty peach—a result that is very much in question at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lifetime of conditioning says we’re going to reach for the most perfect looking produce and leave the uglier, smaller, less perfect produce behind,” says Ron Clark, whose new business \u003ca href=\"http://www.imperfectproduce.com/home.php\">Imperfect Produce\u003c/a> will promote and sell “ugly” produce directly to consumers at 30 percent less than market prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the American consumer who bears the choice and has the power to enforce changes in the system,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inspired by the ugly fruit campaigns, the Masumotos are using slogans like “small is delicious, too” and hope to see the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=%23SmallFruitRevolution&src=typd\" target=\"_blank\">#SmallFruitRevolution\u003c/a> go viral. They’re reaching out to their customers on social media and starting a candid conversation about their challenges and opportunities. Response within their circle of supporters have been overwhelmingly positive: A recent Facebook post urging them to “eat small fruit” was the farm’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/MasumotoFamilyFarm/photos/a.278027245641818.58679.182605525183991/739216532856218/?type=1&theater\">most popular post ever\u003c/a>, eliciting dozens of comments and shares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If their grassroots campaign doesn’t work? Nikiko says she’d consider ditching peaches altogether for drought resistant crops like olives or figs—but only if all else fails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be hard to imagine,” says Nikiko, who just celebrated her fourth year working full-time on the family farm. “I literally have peach tattoos on my body. It would be a real loss.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/97497/how-buying-smaller-fruit-could-save-californias-drought-stricken-family-farms","authors":["byline_bayareabites_97497"],"categories":["bayareabites_109","bayareabites_13718","bayareabites_1962","bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_60"],"tags":["bayareabites_11813","bayareabites_1057","bayareabites_14775","bayareabites_449","bayareabites_14756"],"featImg":"bayareabites_97501","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_83593":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_83593","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"83593","score":null,"sort":[1402965357000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers","title":"In The Making Of Megafarms, A Few Winners And Many Losers","publishDate":1402965357,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/farming-smalltown.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/farming-smalltown.jpg\" alt=\"When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1120\" height=\"629\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83601\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/16/321705130/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/06/20140616_atc_how_the_rise_of_the_megafarms_drained_small_heartland_towns.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/16/321705130/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (6/16/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems that everybody, going back at least to \u003ca href=\"http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/quotations-agriculture\">Thomas Jefferson\u003c/a>, loves small family farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet those beloved small farms are becoming increasingly irrelevant. Big farms are taking over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/\">latest census of American agriculture\u003c/a>, released this year, there are two million farms in America. But just four percent of those farms account for two-thirds of all agricultural production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are, of course, mixed feelings about this trend, even among farmers themselves. Talking to people in rural communities, one hears resignation, sadness, even some anger. Because as farms grow bigger, many small towns are shrinking and even dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand this trend from the inside, I made an appointment to meet Todd Zenger, a young man in his thirties who's among the top grain producers in Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I drove to meet him, I became increasingly confused. My GPS took me into a suburban development east of Manhattan, Kans., past neatly trimmed lawns and well-appointed houses. There wasn't a field or tractor in sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually I arrived at the house where Zenger and his wife Ty live. It is also the operations center of their farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fields are far away — hours away by car, in three completely separate parts of Kansas. But Zenger can sit at his desk and look down at them through Google maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is our Greensburg farm,\" he says, pointing to the outlines of irrigated circles in south-central Kansas. \"This is our Goodland farm. This is our Jewell farm.\" Goodland is in the northwest corner of Kansas. Jewell is in north-central Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His computer is linked directly to equipment on the farms. Zenger can check the moisture of corn in his grain bins from here. He can see what workers are doing with the farm equipment almost minute by minute. \"This pink line is where our tractor drove in the last 24 hours,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83594\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait-4746285473545215f1b9357271454711e3354fda.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait-4746285473545215f1b9357271454711e3354fda-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Todd Zenger (seated) with his father-in-law, Roger Oplinger. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-83594\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Todd Zenger (seated) with his father-in-law, Roger Oplinger. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This operation covers 16,000 acres; 25 square miles of Kansas farmland. It's almost certainly in the top 1 percent of American farms, in terms of sales. Half a century ago, there were probably dozens of farms on that land, and dozens of families. Yet Zenger and his father-in-law now manage this farm with just seven full-time employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those workers plant the seeds, spread the fertilizer and keep the irrigation water flowing. Zenger spends more of his time making big-ticket decisions: what seeds to buy, or when to sell their harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm in here, most days, paying attention to the grain markets,\" he says. \"You have to forward contract, you have to hedge, locking in profits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of how this farm got so large helps explain how American agriculture has changed over the past few decades. And it illustrates some of the costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That story begins with the white-haired man who's standing behind Todd Zenger, just listening. This is his father in law, Roger Oplinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oplinger grew up on a very small farm near the tiny town of Jewell, in north-central Kansas. He rode horses and milked cows by hand. But he had ambition. \"The natural thing for me as a farm kid was, I wanted to do things differently. I wanted to use automation. I wanted to farm more acres,\" he recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started with 80 acres that he bought from his grandfather, raising hogs and growing crops. Eventually he decided to just focus on growing crops: wheat, sorghum, soybeans and corn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He worked hard and took big risks. \"We were probably on the edge of bankruptcy every year from 1980 until 1995,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone survived. Oplinger was among the fortunate ones. More than most, he also pushed to get bigger. \"I don't care what you do in capitalism, the natural process is to grow, and be profitable,\" Oplinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He saw opportunity in new technology: tractors that steer themselves, using GPS; bigger planters and harvesters. Farmers could afford to buy that equipment if they were big, and the technology made it a lot easier to farm more acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put that together, and growth meant bigger profits — which made it possible for him to buy even more land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a path to prosperity. But listening to Oplinger talk about it, I also sense a painful side of that journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He only lives part of the year now in Jewell, his home town. He says that it's become a lonely place for him. Some people in town don't even talk to him anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hate to say it,\" Oplinger says, and pauses for a while before continuing: \"But there's a lot of jealousy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there's a land auction, and he walks in, it gets real quiet. You know what other farmers are thinking, he says: \"How much is too much? How much is enough?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Oplinger feels like he has to defend himself, and the scale of his farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our farm grew to be large in a way that I have a very good conscience about — a clear conscience,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some farms grow at the expense of other people, he says. But his farm expanded, in many cases, because farm families came to him and his wife and asked them to rent their land, or buy their farms. \"They could no longer, within their family, farm and get the return from the land that they wanted,\" Oplinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Oplinger admits that such decisions come with a cost. When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. And this is the source of much of the resentment aimed at big-time farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83595\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3455px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmHomestead_wide-47cca5b18e7542d85a4feac65bf96ae5cf20f7c7.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmHomestead_wide-47cca5b18e7542d85a4feac65bf96ae5cf20f7c7.jpg\" alt=\"An abandoned farmstead near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"3455\" height=\"1941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83595\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An abandoned farmstead near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oplinger's home town of Jewell, for example, no longer has its own schools. \u003cbr>The population of Jewell County has fallen by half over the past 50 years. There's no longer a store in the entire county where you can buy a pair of dress shoes, or a new suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donn Teske is a Kansas farmer who's watched these changes carefully. He's vice president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nfu.org/index.php\">National Farmers Union\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also lives near the town of Wheaton, Kan., where the stained glass windows of Wheaton Congregational Church, still the most impressive building in town, are now partly boarded up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83596\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait2-3bbbb9dfb27d952a2857a167996debf53d17a7e9.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait2-3bbbb9dfb27d952a2857a167996debf53d17a7e9-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Donn Teske looks through family heirlooms in a house where his ancestors lived near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-83596\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donn Teske looks through family heirlooms in a house where his ancestors lived near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Teske has deep roots in this community. As he drives me around the rolling grasslands and fields, he pulls out pictures of ancestors who built a new life here, starting with his great-great-grandfather Michael Teske who emigrated from Germany in 1868.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teske points out a tree-lined homestead where old friends once lived. \"Where his house set there's no house, and the barn will soon be torn down, and there's another segment of the local community that's gone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's happening lots of places, he says. Western Kansas is starting to look like the panhandle of Texas, where \"there's nothing left but huge modern farms and boarded-up main streets of county seats. And that's really sad to see.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teske doesn't really have a solution. Economic competition between neighbors is a fact of farm life, he says, as is the sight of young people moving away because they see opportunity somewhere else, leaving family farms with no farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Teske says, the same thing might happen with his farm. \"We've survived on the farm, we raised four kids here. I'm proud of all my kids, they're going to be fine, but I don't know if any of them will come back to the farm.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Oplinger and his wife Barbara are handing over management of their megafarm to their daughter Ky and her husband, Todd Zenger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So you could say that this big farm is succeeding in keeping the family tradition alive. It's the cutting edge of agriculture, and an opportunity for the next generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that younger generation isn't exactly on the farm. The Zengers live a long way from the little town of Jewell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A tiny fraction of America's 2 million farmers produces most of our food. They are the winners of a long-running competition for land and profits that has also drained the life out of small towns.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1402965357,"stats":{"hasAudio":true,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":45,"wordCount":1445},"headData":{"title":"In The Making Of Megafarms, A Few Winners And Many Losers | KQED","description":"A tiny fraction of America's 2 million farmers produces most of our food. They are the winners of a long-running competition for land and profits that has also drained the life out of small towns.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"In The Making Of Megafarms, A Few Winners And Many Losers","datePublished":"2014-06-17T00:35:57.000Z","dateModified":"2014-06-17T00:35:57.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"83593 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=83593","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/06/16/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers/","disqusTitle":"In The Making Of Megafarms, A Few Winners And Many Losers","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"321705130","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=321705130&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/16/321705130/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers?ft=3&f=321705130","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 16 Jun 2014 20:20:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 16 Jun 2014 17:19:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 16 Jun 2014 17:29:00 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/06/20140616_atc_how_the_rise_of_the_megafarms_drained_small_heartland_towns.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=321705130","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1322597936-bd59ad.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=321705130","path":"/bayareabites/83593/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/06/20140616_atc_how_the_rise_of_the_megafarms_drained_small_heartland_towns.mp3","audioDuration":null,"audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/farming-smalltown.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/farming-smalltown.jpg\" alt=\"When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1120\" height=\"629\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83601\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/16/321705130/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"audio","attributes":{"named":{"src":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/06/20140616_atc_how_the_rise_of_the_megafarms_drained_small_heartland_towns.mp3","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/06/16/321705130/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (6/16/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems that everybody, going back at least to \u003ca href=\"http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/quotations-agriculture\">Thomas Jefferson\u003c/a>, loves small family farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet those beloved small farms are becoming increasingly irrelevant. Big farms are taking over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/\">latest census of American agriculture\u003c/a>, released this year, there are two million farms in America. But just four percent of those farms account for two-thirds of all agricultural production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are, of course, mixed feelings about this trend, even among farmers themselves. Talking to people in rural communities, one hears resignation, sadness, even some anger. Because as farms grow bigger, many small towns are shrinking and even dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand this trend from the inside, I made an appointment to meet Todd Zenger, a young man in his thirties who's among the top grain producers in Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I drove to meet him, I became increasingly confused. My GPS took me into a suburban development east of Manhattan, Kans., past neatly trimmed lawns and well-appointed houses. There wasn't a field or tractor in sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually I arrived at the house where Zenger and his wife Ty live. It is also the operations center of their farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fields are far away — hours away by car, in three completely separate parts of Kansas. But Zenger can sit at his desk and look down at them through Google maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is our Greensburg farm,\" he says, pointing to the outlines of irrigated circles in south-central Kansas. \"This is our Goodland farm. This is our Jewell farm.\" Goodland is in the northwest corner of Kansas. Jewell is in north-central Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His computer is linked directly to equipment on the farms. Zenger can check the moisture of corn in his grain bins from here. He can see what workers are doing with the farm equipment almost minute by minute. \"This pink line is where our tractor drove in the last 24 hours,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83594\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait-4746285473545215f1b9357271454711e3354fda.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait-4746285473545215f1b9357271454711e3354fda-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Todd Zenger (seated) with his father-in-law, Roger Oplinger. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-83594\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Todd Zenger (seated) with his father-in-law, Roger Oplinger. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This operation covers 16,000 acres; 25 square miles of Kansas farmland. It's almost certainly in the top 1 percent of American farms, in terms of sales. Half a century ago, there were probably dozens of farms on that land, and dozens of families. Yet Zenger and his father-in-law now manage this farm with just seven full-time employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those workers plant the seeds, spread the fertilizer and keep the irrigation water flowing. Zenger spends more of his time making big-ticket decisions: what seeds to buy, or when to sell their harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm in here, most days, paying attention to the grain markets,\" he says. \"You have to forward contract, you have to hedge, locking in profits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of how this farm got so large helps explain how American agriculture has changed over the past few decades. And it illustrates some of the costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That story begins with the white-haired man who's standing behind Todd Zenger, just listening. This is his father in law, Roger Oplinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oplinger grew up on a very small farm near the tiny town of Jewell, in north-central Kansas. He rode horses and milked cows by hand. But he had ambition. \"The natural thing for me as a farm kid was, I wanted to do things differently. I wanted to use automation. I wanted to farm more acres,\" he recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started with 80 acres that he bought from his grandfather, raising hogs and growing crops. Eventually he decided to just focus on growing crops: wheat, sorghum, soybeans and corn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He worked hard and took big risks. \"We were probably on the edge of bankruptcy every year from 1980 until 1995,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone survived. Oplinger was among the fortunate ones. More than most, he also pushed to get bigger. \"I don't care what you do in capitalism, the natural process is to grow, and be profitable,\" Oplinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He saw opportunity in new technology: tractors that steer themselves, using GPS; bigger planters and harvesters. Farmers could afford to buy that equipment if they were big, and the technology made it a lot easier to farm more acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put that together, and growth meant bigger profits — which made it possible for him to buy even more land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a path to prosperity. But listening to Oplinger talk about it, I also sense a painful side of that journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He only lives part of the year now in Jewell, his home town. He says that it's become a lonely place for him. Some people in town don't even talk to him anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hate to say it,\" Oplinger says, and pauses for a while before continuing: \"But there's a lot of jealousy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When there's a land auction, and he walks in, it gets real quiet. You know what other farmers are thinking, he says: \"How much is too much? How much is enough?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Oplinger feels like he has to defend himself, and the scale of his farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our farm grew to be large in a way that I have a very good conscience about — a clear conscience,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some farms grow at the expense of other people, he says. But his farm expanded, in many cases, because farm families came to him and his wife and asked them to rent their land, or buy their farms. \"They could no longer, within their family, farm and get the return from the land that they wanted,\" Oplinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Oplinger admits that such decisions come with a cost. When families give up farming and move away, it drains life out of small communities. And this is the source of much of the resentment aimed at big-time farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83595\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3455px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmHomestead_wide-47cca5b18e7542d85a4feac65bf96ae5cf20f7c7.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmHomestead_wide-47cca5b18e7542d85a4feac65bf96ae5cf20f7c7.jpg\" alt=\"An abandoned farmstead near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"3455\" height=\"1941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-83595\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An abandoned farmstead near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oplinger's home town of Jewell, for example, no longer has its own schools. \u003cbr>The population of Jewell County has fallen by half over the past 50 years. There's no longer a store in the entire county where you can buy a pair of dress shoes, or a new suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donn Teske is a Kansas farmer who's watched these changes carefully. He's vice president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nfu.org/index.php\">National Farmers Union\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also lives near the town of Wheaton, Kan., where the stained glass windows of Wheaton Congregational Church, still the most impressive building in town, are now partly boarded up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83596\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait2-3bbbb9dfb27d952a2857a167996debf53d17a7e9.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/06/BigFarmPortrait2-3bbbb9dfb27d952a2857a167996debf53d17a7e9-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Donn Teske looks through family heirlooms in a house where his ancestors lived near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-83596\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donn Teske looks through family heirlooms in a house where his ancestors lived near Wheaton, Kans. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Teske has deep roots in this community. As he drives me around the rolling grasslands and fields, he pulls out pictures of ancestors who built a new life here, starting with his great-great-grandfather Michael Teske who emigrated from Germany in 1868.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teske points out a tree-lined homestead where old friends once lived. \"Where his house set there's no house, and the barn will soon be torn down, and there's another segment of the local community that's gone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's happening lots of places, he says. Western Kansas is starting to look like the panhandle of Texas, where \"there's nothing left but huge modern farms and boarded-up main streets of county seats. And that's really sad to see.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teske doesn't really have a solution. Economic competition between neighbors is a fact of farm life, he says, as is the sight of young people moving away because they see opportunity somewhere else, leaving family farms with no farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Teske says, the same thing might happen with his farm. \"We've survived on the farm, we raised four kids here. I'm proud of all my kids, they're going to be fine, but I don't know if any of them will come back to the farm.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Oplinger and his wife Barbara are handing over management of their megafarm to their daughter Ky and her husband, Todd Zenger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So you could say that this big farm is succeeding in keeping the family tradition alive. It's the cutting edge of agriculture, and an opportunity for the next generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that younger generation isn't exactly on the farm. The Zengers live a long way from the little town of Jewell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/83593/in-the-making-of-megafarms-a-few-winners-and-many-losers","authors":["byline_bayareabites_83593"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_4084","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035","bayareabites_34"],"tags":["bayareabites_11270","bayareabites_134","bayareabites_1057","bayareabites_13469","bayareabites_10921"],"featImg":"bayareabites_83601","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_70285":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_70285","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"70285","score":null,"sort":[1379365859000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"cdc-deadliest-drug-resistance-comes-from-hospitals-not-farms","title":"CDC: Deadliest Drug Resistance Comes From Hospitals, Not Farms ","publishDate":1379365859,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70290\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/09/antibioticspigs2.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/09/antibioticspigs2.jpg\" alt=\"These pigs in Iowa, newly weaned from their mothers, get antibiotics in their water to ward off bacterial infection. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1120\" height=\"839\" class=\"size-full wp-image-70290\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These pigs in Iowa, newly weaned from their mothers, get antibiotics in their water to ward off bacterial infection. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/09/16/223109560/cdc-deadliest-drug-resistance-comes-from-hospitals-not-farms\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (9/16/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here at The Salt, we've been following the controversies that surround antibiotic use on the farm. Farmers give these drugs to chickens, swine and beef cattle, either to keep the animals healthy or to make them grow faster. Critics \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/07/11/are-antibiotics-on-the-farm-risky-business/\">say\u003c/a> it's contributing to an epidemic of drug-resistant bacteria not just on the farm, but among people, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013/\">report\u003c/a> on that epidemic. For the first time, the agency came up with a ranking of the threats posed by different drug-resistance microbes, listing them as \"urgent,\" \"serious,\" and \"concerning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And where in this ranking did farm-related antibiotic resistance fall? Not at the top, certainly. According to the CDC, the most urgent threats are posed by antibiotic-resistant infections that have emerged in hospitals, as a result of heavy antibiotic use there. These include infections with \u003cem>Klebsiella\u003c/em> and \u003cem>E.coli\u003c/em> bacteria that are resistant to every known antibiotic, as well as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/08/10/158464908/gonorrhea-evades-antibiotics-leaving-only-one-drug-to-treat-disease\">drug-resistant gonorrhea\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now, the most acute problem is in hospitals,\" said Tom Frieden, the CDC's director, in a conference call with reporters. \"The most resistant organisms in hospitals are emerging in those settings because of poor anti-microbial stewardship among humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That having been said,\" he continued, \"any widespread use of antimicrobials increases the risk\" that resistance to those drugs will spread. The report lists in its \"serious threat\" category several kinds of bacteria — notably salmonella and \u003cem>Campylobacter\u003c/em> — that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/04/17/177601237/in-meat-tests-more-evidence-of-human-illness-tied-to-farm-antibiotics\">have become resistant\u003c/a> to drugs that are widely used on the farm, as well as in hospitals. And the report includes a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013/pdf/ar-threats-2013-508.pdf#page=14\">graphic\u003c/a> that clearly connects antibiotic use on animals drug-resistant infections in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of antibiotic use on the farm had mixed reactions to the report. The Center for Science in the Public Interest sounded disappointed, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cspinet.org/new/201309161.html\">saying\u003c/a> that the CDC \"missed an opportunity\" to issue clear recommendations on reducing reduce antibiotic use in animal production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other groups — the Pew Campaign on Human Health and Industrial Farming and the \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/ccordova/where_superbugs_come_from_cdc.html\">Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a> — praised the report for clearly stating that drug use on the farm adds to the problem of antibiotic resistance, even if it may not be the most important cause of that problem. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The agency said that the most problematic resistant bacteria are emerging in hospitals. But it also called bacteria that have become resistant to drugs used on the farm a \"serious threat.\"","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1379365859,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":11,"wordCount":416},"headData":{"title":"CDC: Deadliest Drug Resistance Comes From Hospitals, Not Farms | KQED","description":"The agency said that the most problematic resistant bacteria are emerging in hospitals. But it also called bacteria that have become resistant to drugs used on the farm a "serious threat."","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"CDC: Deadliest Drug Resistance Comes From Hospitals, Not Farms ","datePublished":"2013-09-16T21:10:59.000Z","dateModified":"2013-09-16T21:10:59.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"70285 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=70285","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/09/16/cdc-deadliest-drug-resistance-comes-from-hospitals-not-farms/","disqusTitle":"CDC: Deadliest Drug Resistance Comes From Hospitals, Not Farms ","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"223109560","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=223109560&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/09/16/223109560/cdc-deadliest-drug-resistance-comes-from-hospitals-not-farms?ft=3&f=223109560","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Mon, 16 Sep 2013 16:36:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Mon, 16 Sep 2013 16:36:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Mon, 16 Sep 2013 16:36:50 -0400","path":"/bayareabites/70285/cdc-deadliest-drug-resistance-comes-from-hospitals-not-farms","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70290\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/09/antibioticspigs2.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/09/antibioticspigs2.jpg\" alt=\"These pigs in Iowa, newly weaned from their mothers, get antibiotics in their water to ward off bacterial infection. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1120\" height=\"839\" class=\"size-full wp-image-70290\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These pigs in Iowa, newly weaned from their mothers, get antibiotics in their water to ward off bacterial infection. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/09/16/223109560/cdc-deadliest-drug-resistance-comes-from-hospitals-not-farms\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (9/16/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here at The Salt, we've been following the controversies that surround antibiotic use on the farm. Farmers give these drugs to chickens, swine and beef cattle, either to keep the animals healthy or to make them grow faster. Critics \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/07/11/are-antibiotics-on-the-farm-risky-business/\">say\u003c/a> it's contributing to an epidemic of drug-resistant bacteria not just on the farm, but among people, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013/\">report\u003c/a> on that epidemic. For the first time, the agency came up with a ranking of the threats posed by different drug-resistance microbes, listing them as \"urgent,\" \"serious,\" and \"concerning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And where in this ranking did farm-related antibiotic resistance fall? Not at the top, certainly. According to the CDC, the most urgent threats are posed by antibiotic-resistant infections that have emerged in hospitals, as a result of heavy antibiotic use there. These include infections with \u003cem>Klebsiella\u003c/em> and \u003cem>E.coli\u003c/em> bacteria that are resistant to every known antibiotic, as well as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/08/10/158464908/gonorrhea-evades-antibiotics-leaving-only-one-drug-to-treat-disease\">drug-resistant gonorrhea\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now, the most acute problem is in hospitals,\" said Tom Frieden, the CDC's director, in a conference call with reporters. \"The most resistant organisms in hospitals are emerging in those settings because of poor anti-microbial stewardship among humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That having been said,\" he continued, \"any widespread use of antimicrobials increases the risk\" that resistance to those drugs will spread. The report lists in its \"serious threat\" category several kinds of bacteria — notably salmonella and \u003cem>Campylobacter\u003c/em> — that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/04/17/177601237/in-meat-tests-more-evidence-of-human-illness-tied-to-farm-antibiotics\">have become resistant\u003c/a> to drugs that are widely used on the farm, as well as in hospitals. And the report includes a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013/pdf/ar-threats-2013-508.pdf#page=14\">graphic\u003c/a> that clearly connects antibiotic use on animals drug-resistant infections in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of antibiotic use on the farm had mixed reactions to the report. The Center for Science in the Public Interest sounded disappointed, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cspinet.org/new/201309161.html\">saying\u003c/a> that the CDC \"missed an opportunity\" to issue clear recommendations on reducing reduce antibiotic use in animal production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other groups — the Pew Campaign on Human Health and Industrial Farming and the \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/ccordova/where_superbugs_come_from_cdc.html\">Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/a> — praised the report for clearly stating that drug use on the farm adds to the problem of antibiotic resistance, even if it may not be the most important cause of that problem. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/70285/cdc-deadliest-drug-resistance-comes-from-hospitals-not-farms","authors":["byline_bayareabites_70285"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_12289","bayareabites_11521","bayareabites_12400","bayareabites_10994","bayareabites_12398","bayareabites_12401","bayareabites_4289","bayareabites_1057","bayareabites_12399","bayareabites_2037"],"featImg":"bayareabites_70289","label":"bayareabites"},"bayareabites_69132":{"type":"posts","id":"bayareabites_69132","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"bayareabites","id":"69132","score":null,"sort":[1377821789000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"antibiotic-use-on-the-farm-are-we-flying-blind","title":"Antibiotic Use On The Farm: Are We Flying Blind?","publishDate":1377821789,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Bay Area Bites | KQED Food","labelTerm":{"site":"bayareabites"},"content":"\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69139\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/pig.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/pig.jpg\" alt=\"Piglets in a pen on a hog farm in Frankenstein, Mo. Photo: Jeff Roberson/AP\" width=\"1120\" height=\"628\" class=\"size-full wp-image-69139\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Piglets in a pen on a hog farm in Frankenstein, Mo. Photo: Jeff Roberson/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/29/216874940/with-no-data-on-antibiotic-use-on-the-farm-are-we-flying-blind\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (8/29/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a heated \u003ca href=\"http://www.tufts.edu/med/apua/news/newsletter_33_3555326098.pdf\">debate\u003c/a> over the use of antibiotics in farm animals. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewhealth.org/topics/food-safety-327507/antibiotics-in-food-animal-production-327987\">Critics\u003c/a> say farmers overuse these drugs; \u003ca href=\"http://www.nppc.org/issues/animal-health-safety/antimicrobials-antibiotics/\">farmers\u003c/a> say they don't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard to resolve the argument, in part because no one knows exactly how farmers use antibiotics. There's no reliable data on how much antibiotic use is intended to make animals grow faster, for instance, compared to treating disease. Many public health experts say the government should collect and publish that information because antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an increasingly urgent problem. But many farm groups are opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.med.umn.edu/idim/faculty/vamc/johnson/\">James Johnson\u003c/a>, a professor of medicine and infectious disease at the University of Minnesota, is among those pushing for better data. He faces the problem of drug-resistant bacteria firsthand. When he prescribes antibiotics to patients, he increasingly has to ask himself, \"Will this drug even work?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Resistance is turning up everywhere, and increasingly involves our first-line, favorite drugs,\" he says. \"Everyone knows that we're in a real crisis situation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no easy way out of the crisis because antibiotics are so valuable. Everybody wants to use them. Yet the more they're used, the more likely it is that bacteria will become resistant to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson preaches restraint, using the drugs only when they're clearly necessary. He also says that we need to know much more about how antibiotics are currently being used. \"Otherwise, we're sort of flying blind,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Are we flying blind right now? Or do we have the information we need?\" I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not at all. I think we're mostly flying blind, at least in the U.S.,\" Johnson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no comprehensive source of data on how doctors prescribe antibiotics to people, and there's even less information about drugs that are given to chickens, turkeys, hogs and cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a big blind spot because antibiotics are commonly used on the farm to treat disease, to prevent disease and to help animals grow faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This stream of antibiotics does create drug-resistant bacteria. And people can be \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/07/11/are-antibiotics-on-the-farm-risky-business/\">exposed\u003c/a> to those bacteria through a variety of pathways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's set off a fierce debate over how much this contributes to the overall problem of drug-resistant infections. \u003ca href=\"http://www.vet.k-state.edu/depts/dmp/personnel/faculty/scott.htm\">Morgan Scott\u003c/a>, a researcher in the College of Veterinary Medicine at Kansas State University, is trying to arrive at an answer. \"As a researcher, it's a very intriguing area,\" he says. \"But it's also frustrating because the data are really not there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only solid \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/UserFees/AnimalDrugUserFeeActADUFA/ucm236149.htm\">numbers\u003c/a> on antibiotic use on the farm come from the Food and Drug Administration. Every year, the FDA lists the total quantity of antibiotics sold for use in farm animals, divided up by major drug class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Scott says those overall totals don't tell him what he'd like to know. \"At the moment, we really can't identify whether certain uses of antibiotics are more or less risky than others,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He'd love to know the patterns of antibiotic use — which drugs are used on each kind of animal, for what purpose, nationwide. If scientists tracked this over many years, they might be able to see which patterns of use create more drug-resistant bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a country that does collect this information. Denmark has led the world in \u003ca href=\"http://www.danmap.org/\">efforts\u003c/a> to control antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance. Every year it publishes a big \u003ca href=\"http://www.danmap.org/Downloads/Reports.aspx\">volume\u003c/a> of numbers — and Scott can't get enough of them. \"Diving into these data, and visiting Denmark, is kind of like Disneyland for those of us who like big data,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are lots of people who want something similar for farms in the United States. They include public health experts, but also activist groups like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/our-failing-food-system/industrial-agriculture/prescription-for-trouble.html\">Union of Concerned Scientists\u003c/a>. Congress is considering a \u003ca href=\"http://waxman.house.gov/reps-waxman-and-slaughter-introduce-legislation-better-monitor-antibiotic-use-animals\">bill\u003c/a> that would force the FDA to collect this data and publish it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But pharmaceutical companies and agricultural groups don't like that idea. They don't believe antibiotic use in animals is causing much of a problem for human health. They also don't think that detailed national statistics would even be useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The amount of antibiotic used does not correlate to the potential public health threat,\" says Ron Phillips, a spokesman for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ahi.org/\">Animal Health Institute\u003c/a>, which represents companies that sell veterinary drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Phillips, if you really want to figure out which agricultural practices produce drug-resistant bacteria, you should study them up-close. Look at a few individual farms, examining what drugs are used and how bacteria adapt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don't create a national data collection system, he says. It would be a waste of money, and the numbers would just be misused by advocacy groups that are campaigning to restrict the use of antibiotics by farmers. \"The widespread quotes that you see about how much is used in animal medicine, as opposed to human medicine — those are meant to scare people, not to inform people,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One the other hand, Scott thinks better numbers could actually mean less suspicion and fear. Many people want to know exactly what meat producers are doing, he says. When they can't find the information they want, they're inclined to assume the worst. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"No one knows exactly how farmers use antibiotics. Many public health experts say the government should collect and publish detailed information because antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an increasingly urgent problem. But many farm groups are opposed.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1378937432,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":26,"wordCount":907},"headData":{"title":"Antibiotic Use On The Farm: Are We Flying Blind? | KQED","description":"No one knows exactly how farmers use antibiotics. Many public health experts say the government should collect and publish detailed information because antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an increasingly urgent problem. But many farm groups are opposed.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Antibiotic Use On The Farm: Are We Flying Blind?","datePublished":"2013-08-30T00:16:29.000Z","dateModified":"2013-09-11T22:10:32.000Z","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"disqusIdentifier":"69132 http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/?p=69132","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/08/29/antibiotic-use-on-the-farm-are-we-flying-blind/","disqusTitle":"Antibiotic Use On The Farm: Are We Flying Blind?","nprByline":"Dan Charles","nprStoryId":"216874940","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=216874940&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/29/216874940/with-no-data-on-antibiotic-use-on-the-farm-are-we-flying-blind?ft=3&f=216874940","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 29 Aug 2013 18:58:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 29 Aug 2013 15:00:00 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 29 Aug 2013 18:58:00 -0400","nprAudio":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/08/20130829_atc_07.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=216874940","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/1216924333-ad4bee.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=216874940","path":"/bayareabites/69132/antibiotic-use-on-the-farm-are-we-flying-blind","audioUrl":"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2013/08/20130829_atc_07.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1053&ft=3&f=216874940","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69139\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/pig.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2013/08/pig.jpg\" alt=\"Piglets in a pen on a hog farm in Frankenstein, Mo. Photo: Jeff Roberson/AP\" width=\"1120\" height=\"628\" class=\"size-full wp-image-69139\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Piglets in a pen on a hog farm in Frankenstein, Mo. Photo: Jeff Roberson/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/08/29/216874940/with-no-data-on-antibiotic-use-on-the-farm-are-we-flying-blind\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (8/29/13)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a heated \u003ca href=\"http://www.tufts.edu/med/apua/news/newsletter_33_3555326098.pdf\">debate\u003c/a> over the use of antibiotics in farm animals. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewhealth.org/topics/food-safety-327507/antibiotics-in-food-animal-production-327987\">Critics\u003c/a> say farmers overuse these drugs; \u003ca href=\"http://www.nppc.org/issues/animal-health-safety/antimicrobials-antibiotics/\">farmers\u003c/a> say they don't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard to resolve the argument, in part because no one knows exactly how farmers use antibiotics. There's no reliable data on how much antibiotic use is intended to make animals grow faster, for instance, compared to treating disease. Many public health experts say the government should collect and publish that information because antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an increasingly urgent problem. But many farm groups are opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.med.umn.edu/idim/faculty/vamc/johnson/\">James Johnson\u003c/a>, a professor of medicine and infectious disease at the University of Minnesota, is among those pushing for better data. He faces the problem of drug-resistant bacteria firsthand. When he prescribes antibiotics to patients, he increasingly has to ask himself, \"Will this drug even work?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Resistance is turning up everywhere, and increasingly involves our first-line, favorite drugs,\" he says. \"Everyone knows that we're in a real crisis situation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no easy way out of the crisis because antibiotics are so valuable. Everybody wants to use them. Yet the more they're used, the more likely it is that bacteria will become resistant to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson preaches restraint, using the drugs only when they're clearly necessary. He also says that we need to know much more about how antibiotics are currently being used. \"Otherwise, we're sort of flying blind,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Are we flying blind right now? Or do we have the information we need?\" I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not at all. I think we're mostly flying blind, at least in the U.S.,\" Johnson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no comprehensive source of data on how doctors prescribe antibiotics to people, and there's even less information about drugs that are given to chickens, turkeys, hogs and cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a big blind spot because antibiotics are commonly used on the farm to treat disease, to prevent disease and to help animals grow faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This stream of antibiotics does create drug-resistant bacteria. And people can be \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/07/11/are-antibiotics-on-the-farm-risky-business/\">exposed\u003c/a> to those bacteria through a variety of pathways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's set off a fierce debate over how much this contributes to the overall problem of drug-resistant infections. \u003ca href=\"http://www.vet.k-state.edu/depts/dmp/personnel/faculty/scott.htm\">Morgan Scott\u003c/a>, a researcher in the College of Veterinary Medicine at Kansas State University, is trying to arrive at an answer. \"As a researcher, it's a very intriguing area,\" he says. \"But it's also frustrating because the data are really not there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only solid \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/UserFees/AnimalDrugUserFeeActADUFA/ucm236149.htm\">numbers\u003c/a> on antibiotic use on the farm come from the Food and Drug Administration. Every year, the FDA lists the total quantity of antibiotics sold for use in farm animals, divided up by major drug class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Scott says those overall totals don't tell him what he'd like to know. \"At the moment, we really can't identify whether certain uses of antibiotics are more or less risky than others,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He'd love to know the patterns of antibiotic use — which drugs are used on each kind of animal, for what purpose, nationwide. If scientists tracked this over many years, they might be able to see which patterns of use create more drug-resistant bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a country that does collect this information. Denmark has led the world in \u003ca href=\"http://www.danmap.org/\">efforts\u003c/a> to control antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance. Every year it publishes a big \u003ca href=\"http://www.danmap.org/Downloads/Reports.aspx\">volume\u003c/a> of numbers — and Scott can't get enough of them. \"Diving into these data, and visiting Denmark, is kind of like Disneyland for those of us who like big data,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are lots of people who want something similar for farms in the United States. They include public health experts, but also activist groups like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/our-failing-food-system/industrial-agriculture/prescription-for-trouble.html\">Union of Concerned Scientists\u003c/a>. Congress is considering a \u003ca href=\"http://waxman.house.gov/reps-waxman-and-slaughter-introduce-legislation-better-monitor-antibiotic-use-animals\">bill\u003c/a> that would force the FDA to collect this data and publish it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But pharmaceutical companies and agricultural groups don't like that idea. They don't believe antibiotic use in animals is causing much of a problem for human health. They also don't think that detailed national statistics would even be useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The amount of antibiotic used does not correlate to the potential public health threat,\" says Ron Phillips, a spokesman for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ahi.org/\">Animal Health Institute\u003c/a>, which represents companies that sell veterinary drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Phillips, if you really want to figure out which agricultural practices produce drug-resistant bacteria, you should study them up-close. Look at a few individual farms, examining what drugs are used and how bacteria adapt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don't create a national data collection system, he says. It would be a waste of money, and the numbers would just be misused by advocacy groups that are campaigning to restrict the use of antibiotics by farmers. \"The widespread quotes that you see about how much is used in animal medicine, as opposed to human medicine — those are meant to scare people, not to inform people,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One the other hand, Scott thinks better numbers could actually mean less suspicion and fear. Many people want to know exactly what meat producers are doing, he says. When they can't find the information they want, they're inclined to assume the worst. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/bayareabites/69132/antibiotic-use-on-the-farm-are-we-flying-blind","authors":["byline_bayareabites_69132"],"categories":["bayareabites_1874","bayareabites_1245","bayareabites_10916","bayareabites_2035"],"tags":["bayareabites_12288","bayareabites_12289","bayareabites_11521","bayareabites_11456","bayareabites_11270","bayareabites_1057"],"featImg":"bayareabites_69140","label":"bayareabites"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png","officialWebsiteLink":"http://freakonomics.com/","airtime":"SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"WNYC"},"link":"/radio/program/freakonomics-radio","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/","rss":"https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"}},"fresh-air":{"id":"fresh-air","title":"Fresh Air","info":"Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.","airtime":"MON-FRI 7pm-8pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/fresh-air","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"}},"here-and-now":{"id":"here-and-now","title":"Here & Now","info":"A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.","airtime":"MON-THU 11am-12pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/here-and-now","subsdcribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"}},"how-i-built-this":{"id":"how-i-built-this","title":"How I Built This with Guy Raz","info":"Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this","airtime":"SUN 7:30pm-8pm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/how-i-built-this","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"}},"inside-europe":{"id":"inside-europe","title":"Inside Europe","info":"Inside Europe, a one-hour weekly news magazine hosted by Helen Seeney and Keith Walker, explores the topical issues shaping the continent. No other part of the globe has experienced such dynamic political and social change in recent years.","airtime":"SAT 3am-4am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Inside-Europe-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Deutsche Welle"},"link":"/radio/program/inside-europe","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-europe/id80106806?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Inside-Europe-p731/","rss":"https://partner.dw.com/xml/podcast_inside-europe"}},"latino-usa":{"id":"latino-usa","title":"Latino USA","airtime":"MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm","info":"Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"http://latinousa.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/latino-usa","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"}},"live-from-here-highlights":{"id":"live-from-here-highlights","title":"Live from Here Highlights","info":"Chris Thile steps to the mic as the host of Live from Here (formerly A Prairie Home Companion), a live public radio variety show. Download Chris’s Song of the Week plus other highlights from the broadcast. Produced by American Public Media.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-8pm, SUN 11am-1pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Live-From-Here-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.livefromhere.org/","meta":{"site":"arts","source":"american public media"},"link":"/radio/program/live-from-here-highlights","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1167173941","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Live-from-Here-Highlights-p921744/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/a-prairie-home-companion-highlights/rss/rss"}},"marketplace":{"id":"marketplace","title":"Marketplace","info":"Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.","airtime":"MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.marketplace.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"American Public Media"},"link":"/radio/program/marketplace","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/","rss":"https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"}},"mindshift":{"id":"mindshift","title":"MindShift","tagline":"A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids","info":"The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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